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Vancouver


A ‘FRIEND OF CHINA’ NO MORE: WHY A LONGTIME CANADIAN ALLY HAS BECOME ONE OF
BEIJING’S FIERCE CRITICS

By Jeremy NuttallStar Vancouver
Sat., Nov. 23, 2019timer5 min. read

VANCOUVER—It was 1979 and Beijing was in the midst of its first democracy
movement, opening up after decades of isolation from the outside world. Margaret
McCuaig-Johnston, then a civil servant in the Ontario government, took notice.

The Xidan democracy wall, part of a peaceful public outburst against the
Communist Party of China, was in full swing and McCuaig-Johnston had been
following the story in Canadian media.

“I had never even thought of China. It was not on my radar at all, but this
sounded really interesting,” she said. “So, my husband and I went over to
China.”



At the time, only group tours were allowed, so she made the trip with the
University of Toronto Alumni Association and even managed a trip to see the
democracy wall in Beijing, which hosted messages of hope and reform from the
mainland Chinese people. From there, McCuaig-Johnston travelled the country and
decided to do a master’s degree in international relations focused on China.



For the next 40 years, including working as a civil servant, she collaborated to
advance the relationship between Canada and China. Part of her work meant
helping China develop its science and technology programs during its reform
period.



Eventually, McCuaig-Johnston would become the vice-president of the Canada-China
friendship association and consider herself a “friend of China,” a common
expression used for those who support partnerships and engagement with Beijing.

But everything changed last December.



That’s when Meng Wanzhou, chief financial officer of Chinese tech giant Huawei,
was arrested. She had been passing through Vancouver’s airport when she was
detained on a warrant request from the United States. The arrest sparked a
firestorm that has torched relations between China and Canada.

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McCuaig-Johnston said she’d already had concerns about the direction Beijing was
taking on human rights, particularly regarding internment camps for Muslims in
the Xinjiang province, as well as the country’s increasing aggression in the
South China Sea.

But what galvanized those concerns was the detention without charges of two
Canadian citizens, Michael Kovrig and Michael Spavor, who remain in Chinese
custody months later. Another two Canadians were sentenced to death for drug
convictions, which have not been carried out. Shortly after, Beijing levelled
sanctions against Canadian pork and beef.



After decades spent facilitating China’s enhanced ties to Canada,
McCuaig-Johnston returned to her hotel room in Shanghai the same week Kovrig and
Spavor were arrested to find her locked luggage had been unlocked and rummaged
through.

She said she believes it was Chinese authorities because nothing was taken. Then
a local business acquaintance told her he had heard authorities had a list of
100 Canadians they could detain and interrogate at any time. McCuaig-Johnston
had reached her limit.

“When I came home, I decided to speak out,” she said.

Since then, McCuaig-Johnston has written five editorials in national newspapers
critical of China, given 30 interviews and recently published Dragon at the Door
through the Macdonald-Laurier Institute. The paper calls for Canada to conduct a
reset of relations with Beijing, insisting Ottawa to take a harder line.



“Up until January, I had never done an interview in my life,” she said. “But I
feel it’s important that friends of China — former friends of China — speak out
about this.”

Her paper suggests pulling out of China’s Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank,
using so-called Magnitsky legislation to punish Hong Kong officials who abuse
human rights, or sending pandas now living at the Calgary Zoo back to China
early. Canada must also pivot to an Indo-Pacific economic strategy, she argued.

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WHY THIS OFFICIAL SAYS JUSTIN TRUDEAU NEEDS HIS ‘HEAD EXAMINED’ OVER SILENCE ON
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Foreign affairs critic Erin O’Toole agreed with measures laid out in the paper,
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“We are rolling over, we are acquiescing, at a time when Chinese aggression is
on the rise,” O’Toole said. “We should be working with like-minded allies to
send a real signal that such conduct is not condoned.”



If keeping quiet and friendly were going to work with China, Spavor and Kovrig
“would have been released months ago,” he said.

On Friday, China’s new ambassador to Canada, Cong Peiwu, urged Canada to not
pass legislation similar to the United States’ sanctioning China and Hong Kong
officials who abuse human rights. The bill is in support of students in the
special administrative region who have been protesting for months. About 300,000
Canadians live in Hong Kong.

Cong said it could cause “very bad damage” if Canada were to use similar
legislation.

The Liberal government had issued no response to those comments by press time
Friday.

Observers have noted that many advisers around the Liberal government have ties
and interests in China, including new ambassador to Beijing, Dominic Barton, and
McCuaig-Johnston was once among the ranks of such business people, academics and
bureaucrats.

But though “friends of China” may express outrage at China behind closed doors,
many have told her they will not do so in public for fear of losing their
privileges in the country.



In January, more than 140 academics and diplomats around the world signed a
letter demanding China release Kovrig and Spavor. But just six Canadian
academics signed while another six former Canadian ambassadors to China also
signed.



Many of Canada’s academics, politicians and business leaders have allowed
themselves to end up in positions where it’s difficult to criticize China, said
a former Canadian ambassador to China, Guy Saint-Jacques. Saint-Jacques said
it’s “rare” to see someone perform a 180 on the country publicly the way
McCuaig-Johnston has done.

“(Beijing) are good at co-opting former government officials and politicians by
offering them seats on boards and contracts,” he said. “Obviously, then it
becomes very difficult for you to become critical of China.”

But McCuaig-Johnston said she believes her points are landing with the members
of Canadian government to whom she has spoken.

She doesn’t want to return to China, even if relations improve, she said; the
idea of trusting the country that illegally detained two of her fellow Canadians
doesn’t appeal to her.

And, though just a few years ago she was a vice-president of the organization,
she no longer attends events hosted by the Canada-China Friendship Association.

“I’m not feeling very friendly toward China, if you can tell,” she said.

Jeremy Nuttall is the lead investigative reporter for Star Vancouver. Follow him
on Twitter: @Nuttallreports
Read more about:
China, Vancouver
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