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INFLATION AND EQUITY VALUATION

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The PACER PERSPECTIVE
August 2022



Share



 


INFLATION AND EQUITY VALUATION

- Danke Wang, Portfolio Manager

THE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (CPI) NUMBER CONTINUED TO SURPRISE AND JUMPED 9.1% IN
JUNE, AND ROSE TO THE HIGHEST LEVEL IN 40 YEARS.

 



Source(s): fred.stlouisfed.org
PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS. YOU CANNOT INVEST IN AN
INDEX

What does that mean for the equity market?
It is widely accepted that moderate inflation levels are needed to drive
economic growth. From 1992 to 2019, the year-over-year inflation averaged about
2.25% and exceeded 5% only twice. Investors should be cautious whenever
inflation is negative or too high.

The impact of high inflation on equity markets comes in 2 forms: corporate
earnings and stock valuations.

Without the backdrop of a recession and earnings dropping, corporate cash flows
tend to keep pace with, or even outpace, inflation. That is particularly true
when inflation increases, and companies pass on higher costs to customers. An
example is the “great inflation” period in the 1970s, when corporate net cash
flow grew faster than inflation. In a scenario like this, long-term investors
should consider equities as a store of value for inflation protection.



Source(s): fred.stlouisfed.org
PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS. YOU CANNOT INVEST IN AN
INDEX

Although corporate profits might not be hurt by inflation, equity valuation
levels are the second aspect to watch in equity markets during high inflationary
periods. Because when inflation turns higher, stock P/E ratios go lower.



Source(s): fred.stlouisfed.org
PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS. YOU CANNOT INVEST IN AN
INDEX

For example, from 1966 to 1980, the cyclically adjusted P/E ratio of the S&P 500
index dropped from the 20s to below 10. Such pressure of multiple contraction
might happen when there is persistent high inflation which is the biggest
concern for equity investors.



Source(s): multpl.com/shiller-pe
PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS. YOU CANNOT INVEST IN AN
INDEX

As a result, in the high inflationary period in the 1970s, value stocks
delivered much better performance than growth stocks and the broad market.



Source(s): fred.stlouisfed.org,
mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu/pages/faculty/ken.french/index.html Fama/French Research
Portfolios:
http://mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu/pages/faculty/ken.french/data_library.html
PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS. YOU CANNOT INVEST IN AN
INDEX

Going forward, the equity discount rate will likely increase due to Fed rate
hikes, inflation, and increased interest rate volatility. The relationship
between inflation and P/E ratios indicates either the S&P 500 dropping by 37% or
earnings growing by 59%. Today’s P/E is 59% higher than the historical CPI vs.
P/E relationship.

Multiple contraction partially explains the market downturn year to date and the
underperformance of growth stocks relative to value stocks. Because value stocks
trade at a discount, they are subject to less multiple contraction impact.



Source(s): Bloomberg
PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS. YOU CANNOT INVEST IN AN
INDEX

Stock duration*
This year, in response to high inflation, the Fed raised interest rates by 75
basis points (bps) in July after a 25 bps hike in March, a 50 bps rise in May
and another 75 bps rise in June.

Before the June sell-off (due to recession concerns), the year-to-date market
movement was driven mainly by the waning appetite for long-duration (or growth)
stocks associated with higher interest rate expectations.

Short-duration stocks usually outperform long-duration stocks during periods
with high and rising inflation. Value stocks (especially ones with high levels
of current cash flow) or growth stocks with elevated current profitability have
comparatively shorter durations and, therefore, less vulnerability to rising
interest rates.

On the other hand, fast-growing firms valued entirely on long-term growth
expectations have a longer duration. And they can be more vulnerable to the risk
of rising interest rates or disappointing revenues.

Until the end of 2021, the S&P 500, which growth stocks have dominated, has
essentially become a 30-year zero coupon bond. Such duration risk means that the
S&P 500’s sensitivity to changes in interest rates is the highest it has been in
history.

As of 6/30/2022, companies in Pacer US Cash Cows 100 ETF, on average, trade at a
much lower P/E multiple (7.08) relative to the market (18.08 Russell 1000 Index)
and generate higher current free cash flow (FCF) relative to their enterprise
value (FCF Yield 12.79%). These companies offer attractive value in the current
macro environment.

 

*Stock duration and valuation
If you spend $100 to buy a value stock with P/E ratio of 5x, your shares should
make $20 a year in profits, and you should get the money back after 5 years. In
contrast, a growth stock’s P/E ratio might be as high as 50x which means low
profits today but potentially high growth in the future. Growth investors pay a
high price now in the hope of getting the money back in 15 to 20 years. In a
way, we can consider the value business as a “short-duration” asset and the
growth business as a “long-duration” one.

The same idea can be applied to high free cash flow (FCF) yielding companies
relative to low FCF yielding ones. A company with a 10% FCF Yield has a “payback
period” of 10 years, whereas a company with 1% FCF Yield will take 100 years to
payback. When inflation hits, the current high FCF is more valuable than
earnings from growth companies, so high FCF yielding stocks are more attractive.

 


PACER US CASH COWS 100 ETF

Is a strategy driven exchange traded fund that aims to provide capital
appreciation over time by screening the Russell 1000 for the top 100 companies
based on free cash flow yield.






PAST PERFORMANCE IS NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS.
This document is not intended to be relied upon as a forecast, research or
investment advice, and is not a recommendation, offer or solicitation to buy or
sell any securities or to adopt any investment strategy. This document
represents an assessment of the market environment at a specific time and is not
intended to be a forecast of future events or a guarantee of future results. The
user of this information assumes the entire risk of any use made of the
information provided herein.
Russell 1000 Value Index measures the performance of those Russell 1000
companies with lower price-to-book ratios and lower forecasted growth values.
The index was developed with a base value of 200 as of August 31, 1992.      
Russell 1000 Growth Index measures the performance of those Russell 1000
companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values.
The index was developed with a base value of 200 as of August 31, 1992.
Russell 1000 Index is a market-capitalization weighted index representing the
top 1000 large-cap stocks in the Russell 3000 Index.
S&P 500® Index measures the performance of the large capitalization sector of
the U.S. equity market and is considered one of the best representations of the
domestic economy. Utilizing a market-cap weighting structure, this index invests
in the 500 largest U.S. firms.
The Bloomberg Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index is a broad-based flagship
benchmark that measures the investment grade, US dollar-denominated, fixed-rate
taxable bond market.


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The Pacer Trendpilot® US Large Cap Index, Pacer Trendpilot® US Mid Cap Index,
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“FTSE®” is a trade mark of the London Stock Exchange Group companies and is used
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/ or FTSE ratings vest in FTSE and/or its licensors. Neither FTSE nor its
licensors accept any liability for any errors or omissions in the FTSE indices
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Frank Russell Company (“Russell”) is the source and owner of the trademarks,
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The Russell 1000 Index (the “Index”) is a trademark of Frank Russell Company
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therein.

Kelly Data Center & Tech Infrastructure Index and Kelly Industrial Real Estate
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advisability of investing in this Pacer Benchmark Data & Infrastructure Real
Estate SCTR ETF and Pacer Benchmark Industrial Real Estate SCTR ETF. On November
3, 2021, the index name of the Benchmark Data & Infrastructure Real Estate SCTR
Index changed to the Kelly Data Center & Tech Infrastructure Index and the
Benchmark Industrial Real Estate SCTR Index changed to the Kelly Industrial Real
Estate Index. No changes were made to either index methodology.

Pacer Cash Cows Fund of Funds ETF, Salt High truBeta Index and Salt Low truBeta
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assurance either with regard to the results of using the Index and/or Index
trade mark or the Index Price at any time or in any other respect. The Indexes
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to ensure that the Indexes are calculated correctly. Irrespective of its
obligations towards the Issuer, Solactive AG has no obligation to point out
errors in the Indexes to third parties including but not limited to investors
and/or financial intermediaries of the financial instrument. Neither publication
of the Index by Solactive AG nor the licensing of the Indexes or Indexes trade
mark for the purpose of use in connection with the financial instrument
constitutes a recommendation by Solactive AG to invest capital in said financial
instrument nor does it in any way represent an assurance or opinion of Solactive
AG with regard to any investment in this financial instrument.

The Lunt Capital U.S. Large Cap Equity Rotation Index, Lunt Capital U.S. MidCap
Multi-Factor Rotation Index, and Lunt Capital U.S. Large Cap Multi-Factor
Rotation Index (the “Indices”) are a service mark of Lunt Capital Management,
Inc. and have been licensed for use by Pacer Advisors, Inc. The Products are not
sponsored, endorsed, sold, or promoted by Lunt Capital Management, Inc. and Lunt
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investing in the Products. The Index is the property of Lunt Capital Management,
Inc., which has contracted with S&P Opco, LLC (a subsidiary of S&P Dow Jones
Indices LLC) to calculate and maintain the Indices. The Indices are not
sponsored by S&P Dow Jones Indices or its affiliates or its third party
licensors (collectively, “S&P Dow Jones Indices”). S&P Dow Jones Indices will
not be liable for any errors or omissions in calculating the Indices.
“Calculated by S&P Dow Jones Indices” and the related stylized mark(s) are
service marks of S&P Dow Jones Indices and have been licensed for use by Lunt
Capital Management, Inc. S&P® is a registered trademark of Standard & Poor’s
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Jones Trademark Holdings LLC (“Dow Jones”).

BlueStar Global Online Gambling, Video Gaming and eSports Index and BlueStar
Robotics and 3D Printing Index (the “Indexes”) are the exclusive property of MV
Index Solutions GmbH, which has contracted with Solactive AG to maintain and
calculate the Indexes. Solactive AG uses its best efforts to ensure that the
Indexes are calculated correctly. Irrespective of its obligations towards the MV
Index Solutions GmbH, Solactive AG has no obligation to point out errors in the
Indexes to third parties including but not limited to investors and/or financial
intermediaries of the financial instrument. In particular, MVIS is not
responsible for the Licensee and/or for Licensee’s legality or suitability
and/or for Licensee’s business offerings. Offerings by Licensee, may they be
based on the Pacer BlueStar Digital Entertainment ETF and Pacer BlueStar
Engineering the Future ETF (“Products”) or not, are not sponsored, endorsed,
sold, or promoted by MVIS, Van Eck Associates Corporation or its affiliates
(collectively, “VanEck”), and MVIS and VanEck make no representation regarding
the advisability of investing in Licensee and/or in Licensee’s business
offerings. MVIS, VANECK AND ITS AFFILIATES MAKE NO WARRANTIES AND BEAR NO
LIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO LICENSEE.

This website should not be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell
shares of any investment in any jurisdiction where the offer or solicitation
would be unlawful under the securities laws of such jurisdiction. Nothing on
this website is intended to be investment, tax, financial, or legal advice.

©2021 Morningstar, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The information contained herein:
(1) is proprietary to Morningstar; (2) may not be copied or distributed; and (3)
is not warranted to be accurate, complete or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its
content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use
of this information. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

The Morningstar Rating™ for funds, or "star rating", is calculated for managed
products (including mutual funds, variable annuity and variable life
subaccounts, exchange-traded funds, closed-end funds, and separate accounts)
with at least a three-year history. Exchange-traded funds and open-ended mutual
funds are considered a single population for comparative purposes. It is
calculated based on a Morningstar Risk-Adjusted Return measure that accounts for
variation in a managed product's monthly excess performance, placing more
emphasis on downward variations and rewarding consistent performance. The
Morningstar Rating does not include any adjustment for sales loads. The top 10%
of products in each product category receive 5 stars, the next 22.5% receive 4
stars, the next 35% receive 3 stars, the next 22.5% receive 2 stars, and the
bottom 10% receive 1 star. The Overall Morningstar Rating for a managed product
is derived from a weighted average of the performance figures associated with
its three-, five-, and 10-year (if applicable) Morningstar Rating metrics. The
weights are: 100% three-year rating for 36-59 months of total returns, 60%
five-year rating/40% three-year rating for 60-119 months of total returns, and
50% 10-year rating/30% five-year rating/20% three-year rating for 120 or more
months of total returns. While the 10-year overall star rating formula seems to
give the most weight to the 10- year period, the most recent three-year period
actually has the greatest impact because it is included in all three rating
periods.

Information for Non-U.S. Investors: The products and services described on this
web site by Pacer ETF’s are intended to be made available only to persons in the
United States or as otherwise qualified and permissible under local law. The
information on this web site is only for such persons. Nothing on this web site
shall be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security to any
person in any jurisdiction where such offer, solicitation, purchase or sale
would be unlawful under the securities laws of such jurisdiction.

Although Pacer ETFs obtains certain data from sources that Pacer ETFs considers
reliable, all data contained herein is provided “as is”. Pacer ETFs makes no
warranty or representation of any kind, express or implied, with respect to the
forementioned data, the timeliness, or the results to be obtained by the use
thereof or any other matter. Pacer ETFs disclaims any and all implied
warranties, including without limitation, warranties of originality, accuracy,
completeness, timeliness, non-infringement for a particular purpose.

Investment products offered are: Not FDIC Insured • No Bank Guarantee • May Lose
Value

Trendpilot®, Autopilot ETFs™, Cash Cows Index® and Strategy Driven ETFs® are
trademarks of Index Design Group, LLC., an affiliate of Pacer Advisors, Inc.

Distributor: Pacer Financial, Inc, member FINRA, SIPC, an affiliate of Pacer
Advisors, Inc.

© 2015 - 2022 Pacer Financial, Inc. All rights reserved.




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