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ROBOTS HELP MAKE WIND TURBINE BLADES


Monday, 06 May, 2024


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Researchers at the US Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy
Laboratory (NREL) have successfully leveraged robotic assistance in the
manufacture of wind turbine blades, allowing for the elimination of difficult
working conditions for humans and the potential to improve the consistency of
the product.

Although robots have been used by the wind energy industry to paint and polish
blades, automation has not been widely adopted. Research at the laboratory
demonstrates the ability of a robot to trim, grind and sand blades. Those
necessary steps occur after the two sides of the blade are made using a mould
and then bonded together.

The post-moulding operations to manufacture wind turbine blades require workers
to perch on scaffolding and wear protective suits including respiratory gear.
Automation, the researchers noted, will boost employee safety and wellbeing and
help manufacturers retain skilled labour.

“I would consider it a success,” said Hunter Huth, a robotics engineer at NREL
and lead author of a newly published paper detailing the work. “Not everything
operated as well as we wanted it to, but we learned all the lessons we think we
need to make it meet or exceed our expectations.

“The motive of this research was to develop automation methods that could be
used to make domestically manufactured blades cost-competitive globally,” Huth
said. “Currently offshore blades are not produced in the US due to high labour
rates. The finishing process is very labour-intensive and has a high
job-turnover rate due to the harsh nature of the work. By automating the
finishing process, domestic offshore blade manufacturing can become more
economically viable.”

The research was conducted at the Composites Manufacturing Education and
Technology (CoMET) facility at NREL’s Flatirons Campus. The robot worked on a 5
m blade segment. Wind turbine blades are considerably longer, but because they
bend and deflect under their own weight, a robot would have to be programmed to
work on the bigger blades section by section.



The researchers used a series of scans to create a 3D representation of the
position of the blade and to identify precisely the front and rear sections of
the airfoil — a special shape of the blade that helps the air flow smoothly over
the blade. From there, the team programmed the robot to perform a series of
tasks, after which it was judged on accuracy and speed. The researchers found
areas for improvement, particularly when it came to grinding. The robot ground
down too much in some parts of the blade and not enough in others.

“As we’ve gone through this research, we’ve been moving the goalposts for what
this system needs to do to be effective,” Huth said.

Huth said an automated system would provide consistency in blade manufacturing
that is not possible when humans are doing all the work. He also said a robot
would be able to use “tougher, more aggressive abrasives” than a human could
tolerate.

NREL is the US Department of Energy’s primary national laboratory for renewable
energy and energy efficiency research and development. The paper, Toolpath
Generation for Automated Wind Turbine Blade Finishing Operations, appears in the
journal Wind Energy.

Image: NREL researcher Hunter Huth stands beneath a robotic arm designed to
automate a portion of the blade manufacturing process. Credit: Werner Slocum,
NREL.

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