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InterSpace
The graphical interface pipeline visualized.
⚠️Work in progress. Data is incomplete and contains errors.


GUIDE

InterSpace visualizes the graphical interface pipeline via a dynamic partition
graph. To understand it you must first roughly understand the different stages
in this pipeline.
platform
Genuine platforms are operating systems (e.g. Linux, Android, Windows, MacOs,
iOs) which support graphics. Pseudo-platforms include vector canvases like SVG
or PDF. On a genuine platform, somewhere in RAM or VRAM lives a framebuffer
containing the state of all the pixels to show on screen. Swapping this buffer
for a new, different one results in a visible change when the framebuffer is
next polled by the display device (i.e. on a fixed rate of e.g. 60Hz or a
variable rate with e.g. VSync). Changes to a buffer can be made by a Central
Processing Unit (CPU) in so-called software rendering, or by a Graphics
Processing Unit (GPU) in so-called hardware rendering. Many problems encountered
in graphics lend themselves to parallelization, hence the creation and use of
GPUs. A CPU executes instructions of one of a few standardized instruction set
architectures (ISA), e.g. x86, ARM, RISC-V. These ISAs remain largely constant,
hence compilers can compile programs to machine code (instructions from the ISA)
to be directly executed. GPUs don't have the same standardized or constant ISAs,
i.e. the supported instructions can vary greatly between product generations,
and varies greatly between brands.
gfx
To provide a stable and standardized target for execution on GPUs, GPUs are
utilized via a driver (generally supplied by the GPU manufacturer) which
supports standardized graphics APIs (Gfxapi, e.g. Vulkan, OpenGL, Direct3D,
Metal) and compute APIs (e.g. CUDA, OpenCL) and translates calls to these APIs
to GPU instructions for execution. Compute APIs are not relevant to the topic.
Additionally, calls to one graphics API can be translated to calls of another
graphics API by graphics API translation layers (Intergfx). Some graphics APIs
like WebGPU are not supported by drivers, but serve as a standardized
cross-platform graphics API which is translated into platform-supported graphics
API calls (e.g. WebGPU to Vulkan).
raster
Converts geometric primitives (vector shapes) to a raster via software or
hardware rendering. Frames are composited to form the final buffer, raster
multimedia (images and video) is composited in.
paint
A widget's graphical content (text, background, borders) is painted onto a
frame.
layout
Converts widget tree into positioned frames
ui
Supplies ui-developer with means to describe the UI, (content, style, logic),
often with declarative UI, reactive state-management, deployment to Web via SSR
or Liveview, deployment to native with native renderer or through shell like
WebView, embedded browser.
langbridge
Language bindings for ui framework/library

Read the graph
A
B
C
as "A can utilize B or C" or "A supports using B or C" or "B and C are targets
of A"
Dynamic Partition Graph


GENERAL SETTINGS

SELECT TREE TYPE

UI to Platform
Hourglass
Platform to UI


SELECTION COMPONENT FILTER

MANUAL FILTER

Erithax Langbridge
Gtk3-rs
Erithax UI
Angular
DOM
Dioxus
Druid
Egui
Fltk
Flutter
GTK
Iced
Leptos
Qt
React
Sciter
Slint
Svelte
SwiftUI
Vue
Xilem
Yew
Erithax Layout
Blink
Flutter layout
Gecko
Servo
Webkit
Taffy
Erithax Paint
Blink
Flutter paint
Gecko
Servo
Webkit
Erithax Raster
Gecko
WebRender
Webkit
XWindow Render
Direct2D
Quartz
GTK Drawing Kit
Cairo
femtovg
Impeller
Piet
Skia
Slint CPU
Vello
Erithax GFX
CPU
Vulkan
OpenGL
OpenGL ES
WebGL
WebGPU
D3d
Metal
Erithax InterGFX
ANGLE
Dawn
DXVK
GLOW
MoltenVK
wgpu
Erithax Platform
Linux
Windows
MacOS
Android
Ios
ChromeOS
Web
SVG
PDF
PNG

OWNER FILTER

TODO
Erithax
Adobe
Apple
Cairo Graphics
Doitsujin
Dioxuslabs
Emilk
femtovg
gfx-rs
The GNOME Project
Google
GrovesNL
Iced-rs
Khronos Group
Leptos
Linebender
Linux Foundation
Meta
Microsoft
Mozilla Foundation
Qt Company
SixtyFPS GmbH
Svelte Team
Terra Informatica
Vue Team
WebStandards
Yew
X.org Foundation
gtk-rs

COMPONENT TYPE FILTER

Langbridge
Ui
Layout
Paint
Raster
Gfxapi
Intergfx
Platform

STAGE FILTER

Langbridge
Ui
Layout
Paint
Raster
Gfx
Platform


IN-TREE COMPONENT FILTER

COMPONENT TYPE FILTER

Langbridge
Ui
Layout
Paint
Raster
Gfxapi
Intergfx
Platform

STAGE FILTER

Langbridge
Ui
Layout
Paint
Raster
Gfx
Platform
Langbridge
Ui
Layout
Paint
Raster
Gfx
Platform

Angular
Google
abc.xyz
for-profit corporation



angularjs.org
Superopen
Javascript
github.com/angular/angular
89884
Model-view-controller / model-view-viewmodel UI framework for the DOM

DOM



Gecko



Gecko



WebRender



ANGLE





WebGPU



wgpu





Skia





Cairo





Servo



Servo



WebRender



ANGLE





WebGPU



wgpu





Skia





Cairo





Blink



Blink



Skia



Vulkan



Windows





Linux





Android





OpenGL ES



ANGLE



D3d



Windows





OpenGL



Linux





Metal



Ios





MacOS





CPU





SVG





PDF





WebGPU



Dawn



Web





Webkit



Webkit



Quartz



Metal



MacOS





Ios





Angular





Dioxus





Leptos





React





Svelte





Vue





Yew





DOM
WebStandards
w3.org
non-profit corporation



dom.spec.whatwg.org
NA
TODO



Document Object Model is a cross-platform language-independant interface that
treats HTML or XML as a tree structure

Gecko



Gecko



WebRender



ANGLE





WebGPU



wgpu





Skia





Cairo





Servo



Servo



WebRender



ANGLE





WebGPU



wgpu





Skia





Cairo





Blink



Blink



Skia



Vulkan



Windows





Linux





Android





OpenGL ES



ANGLE



D3d



Windows





OpenGL



Linux





Metal



Ios





MacOS





CPU





SVG





PDF





WebGPU



Dawn



Web





Webkit



Webkit



Quartz



Metal



MacOS





Ios





Dioxus
Dioxuslabs
dioxuslabs.com
individual
dioxuslabs.com
NA
Rust
github.com/dioxuslabs/dioxus
13595
Cross-platform, portable UI framework using hooks and VDOM

DOM



Gecko



Gecko



WebRender



ANGLE





WebGPU



wgpu





Skia





Cairo





Servo



Servo



WebRender



ANGLE





WebGPU



wgpu





Skia





Cairo





Blink



Blink



Skia



Vulkan



Windows





Linux





Android





OpenGL ES



ANGLE



D3d



Windows





OpenGL



Linux





Metal



Ios





MacOS





CPU





SVG





PDF





WebGPU



Dawn



Web





Webkit



Webkit



Quartz



Metal



MacOS





Ios





Druid
Linebender
linebender.org
community
Data-first Rust-native UI toolkit
NA
Rust
github.com/linebender/druid
9078
TODO

Piet





Egui
Emilk
github.com/emilk
individual
egui.rs
NA
Rust
github.com/emilk/egui
16222
Easy-to-use immediate-mode GUI for Rust




Fltk
TODO
erithax.com
individual
fltk.org
NA
TODO
github.com/fltk/fltk
1258
Cross-platform Widget libray for GUIs made to accommodate 3D graphics
programming

XWindow Render





Direct2D





Quartz





Flutter
Google
abc.xyz
for-profit corporation



flutter.dev
NA
C
github.com/flutter/flutter
156275
Cross-platform UI development kit

Flutter layout



Flutter paint



Skia



Vulkan



Windows





Linux





Android





OpenGL ES



ANGLE



D3d



Windows





OpenGL



Linux





Metal



Ios





MacOS





CPU





SVG





PDF





Impeller



Metal



Ios





MacOS





Vulkan



Android





Gtk3-rs





GTK
The GNOME Project
foundation.gnome.org
non-profit corporation



gtk.org
NA
C
gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gtk



Cross-platform widget toolkit for creating GUIs

GTK Drawing Kit



XWindow Render



Linux





Quartz



MacOS





Direct2D



Windows





Cairo





Iced
Iced-rs
iced.rs
community
iced.rs
NA
Rust
github.com/iced-rs/iced
20400
Cross-native-desktop GUI library for Rust focused on simplicity and type-safety




Leptos
Leptos
leptos.dev
individual
leptos.dev
NA
Rust
github.com/leptos-rs/leptos
11543
UI-framework for Rust with fine-grained reactivity for the DOM

DOM



Gecko



Gecko



WebRender



ANGLE





WebGPU



wgpu





Skia





Cairo





Servo



Servo



WebRender



ANGLE





WebGPU



wgpu





Skia





Cairo





Blink



Blink



Skia



Vulkan



Windows





Linux





Android





OpenGL ES



ANGLE



D3d



Windows





OpenGL



Linux





Metal



Ios





MacOS





CPU





SVG





PDF





WebGPU



Dawn



Web





Webkit



Webkit



Quartz



Metal



MacOS





Ios





Qt
Qt Company
qt.io
for-profit corporation



qt.io
NA
C++
code.qt.io/cgit



Cross-platform (including embedded), cross-language UI-framework

XWindow Render





React
Meta
meta.com
for-profit corporation



react.dev
Superopen
Javascript
github.com/facebook/react
212337
UI-framework for JavaScript, supporting components and incremental rerenders for
the DOM

DOM



Gecko



Gecko



WebRender



ANGLE





WebGPU



wgpu





Skia





Cairo





Servo



Servo



WebRender



ANGLE





WebGPU



wgpu





Skia





Cairo





Blink



Blink



Skia



Vulkan



Windows





Linux





Android





OpenGL ES



ANGLE



D3d



Windows





OpenGL



Linux





Metal



Ios





MacOS





CPU





SVG





PDF





WebGPU



Dawn



Web





Webkit



Webkit



Quartz



Metal



MacOS





Ios





Sciter
Terra Informatica
terrainformatica.com
for-profit corporation



sciter.com
NA
C++
github.com/sciter-sdk/rust-sciter
783
Cross-platform embeddable HTML/CSS/JavaScript engine

Cairo





Direct2D





Quartz





Slint
SixtyFPS GmbH
slint.dev
for-profit corporation



slint.dev
NA
Rust
github.com/slint-ui/slint
9387
Cross-platform native and embedded GUI toolkit for Rust, C++, or JavaScript

Skia





Slint CPU





femtovg





Svelte
Svelte Team
github.com/sveltejs
community
svelte.dev
Superopen
Javascript
github.com/sveltejs/svelte
72113
Front-end component framework that compiles HTML templates to code that
manipulates the DOM

DOM



Gecko



Gecko



WebRender



ANGLE





WebGPU



wgpu





Skia





Cairo





Servo



Servo



WebRender



ANGLE





WebGPU



wgpu





Skia





Cairo





Blink



Blink



Skia



Vulkan



Windows





Linux





Android





OpenGL ES



ANGLE



D3d



Windows





OpenGL



Linux





Metal



Ios





MacOS





CPU





SVG





PDF





WebGPU



Dawn



Web





Webkit



Webkit



Quartz



Metal



MacOS





Ios





SwiftUI
Apple
apple.com
for-profit corporation





NA




Declarative UI framework for all Apple platforms

Quartz



Metal



MacOS





Ios





Vue
Vue Team
w3.org
community
vuejs.org
Superopen

github.com/vuejs/vue
205024
Model-view-viewmodel Javascript UI library with components and declarative
rendering

DOM



Gecko



Gecko



WebRender



ANGLE





WebGPU



wgpu





Skia





Cairo





Servo



Servo



WebRender



ANGLE





WebGPU



wgpu





Skia





Cairo





Blink



Blink



Skia



Vulkan



Windows





Linux





Android





OpenGL ES



ANGLE



D3d



Windows





OpenGL



Linux





Metal



Ios





MacOS





CPU





SVG





PDF





WebGPU



Dawn



Web





Webkit



Webkit



Quartz



Metal



MacOS





Ios





Xilem
Linebender
linebender.org
community



NA
Rust
github.com/linebender/xilem
1890
TODO

Taffy



Vello



wgpu





Yew
Yew
yew.rs
community
yew.rs
NA
Rust
github.com/yewstack/yew
28326
UI framework for webapps with with WebAssembly

DOM



Gecko



Gecko



WebRender



ANGLE





WebGPU



wgpu





Skia





Cairo





Servo



Servo



WebRender



ANGLE





WebGPU



wgpu





Skia





Cairo





Blink



Blink



Skia



Vulkan



Windows





Linux





Android





OpenGL ES



ANGLE



D3d



Windows





OpenGL



Linux





Metal



Ios





MacOS





CPU





SVG





PDF





WebGPU



Dawn



Web





Webkit



Webkit



Quartz



Metal



MacOS





Ios