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WOMBATS

Wombats are stout, sturdy marsupials native to Australia.


WHAT DO THEY LOOK LIKE?

Wombats grow to about 1.3 metres in length and can weigh up to 36 kilograms.
They have a large, blunt head with small eyes and ears and a short, muscular
neck. Their sharp claws and stubby, powerful legs make them great diggers.
Wombats have been known to live for up to 27 years in captivity.

There are 3 species of wombat, 2 of which occur in New South Wales:

 * The bare-nosed wombat (Vombatus ursinus) is the most common and widespread
   wombat species in New South Wales and has a large, naked snout covered in
   grainy skin.
 * The much rarer southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons) has larger
   ears than the common wombat, and its snout is coated with fine hairs. Until
   recently, the southern hairy-nosed wombat was thought to be extinct in New
   South Wales. It is currently listed as endangered.
 * The northern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus krefftii) is presumed extinct in
   New South Wales.


SLIDESHOW

 * Bare-nosed wombat (Vombatus ursinus) Credit: / Shona Lorigan/DPE
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WHERE DO THEY LIVE? EXPAND


The bare-nosed wombat lives mainly in wet, partly forested areas on the coast
and on the ranges and western slopes. The southern hairy-nosed wombat prefers
dry, open country.



Both species live in burrows, preferring well-drained soils that are easy to dig
in. The burrows, which are often built on the sides of gullies, can be up to
30 metres long and several metres deep. Wombats generally stay in the burrows
during the day, kept warm in winter and cool in summer. They will often share
their home with other wombats.


SETTING OUT THEIR TERRITORY

Although wombats will share burrows, they are possessive about their particular
feeding grounds. They mark out these areas by leaving scent trails and droppings
around the boundaries. If an intruding wombat moves in on their territory, it
will be discouraged through a series of snorts, screeches and even a chase.

As a result, the wombat population of an area depends on the number of available
feeding grounds. A young wombat can sometimes take the place of an adult that
has died, but often it will be forced to move to another area to find its own
feeding ground.

WHAT DO THEY EAT? EXPAND

Wombats spend between 3 and 8 hours each night grazing on their favourite food,
which is native grasses such as the tussocky 'snow grass', wallaby grass and
kangaroo grass. They will also eat sedges and the roots of shrubs and trees.

They cut their food with sharp, chisel-like front teeth which grow continuously.

A wombat may wander up to 3 kilometres each night looking for food.

BREEDING EXPAND

A wombat can reproduce after it reaches 2 years of age. Mating occurs between
September and December and usually results in one offspring. The newborn wombat,
which weighs only one gram and is less than 3 centimetres long, has to crawl
from the birth canal into the mother's pouch.

This pouch faces backwards, which stops dirt and twigs getting caught in it when
the mother digs. The young wombat will stay in the pouch for between 7 and 10
months.


THREATS

Because of settlement and agriculture, wombats in most areas have been pushed
into the rugged hills and mountains. As long as they remain in these areas, wild
dogs and collisions with cars are more of a threat to these marsupials than
landowners. However, because of their habit of wandering down to the flats to
enjoy the tasty morsels growing there (knocking down fences on the way), they
are sometimes killed by farmers.

Wombats have also had to compete with introduced animals – such as cattle, sheep
and particularly rabbits – for food. This competition appears to have been a
major factor in the decline of the northern hairy-nosed wombat in New South
Wales.

Wombats are protected under the NSW Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016. It is an
offence to harm a wombat unless a licence is obtained from the Department of
Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water.

Sarcoptic mange is an emerging infectious skin disease impacting wombats. It is
caused by a mite (Sarcoptes scabiei). The mite burrows into the skin of its
host, causing inflammation, thickening skin, hair loss and intense itchiness.
Wombats are the protected species most severely affected by sarcoptic mange. It
has significant health and welfare implications for individual animals and, if
left untreated, affected wombats can become severely sick and die. The NSW
Government is currently implementing a 2-year program to help curb wombat mange.
The project commenced in early 2023 and will continue until 2024.

Curb Wombat Mange Program


PROTECTION OF NATIVE ANIMALS

All native birds, reptiles, amphibians and mammals, but not including dingoes,
are protected in NSW by the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016.

Page last updated 10 January 2024

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