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Life


ISRAEL’S ANCIENT AND MYSTERIOUS STONEHENGE


SCIENTISTS AND ARCHAEOLOGISTS AGREE THAT THE ENORMOUS STONE STRUCTURE OF GALGAL
REFAIM IS ONE OF THE OLDEST AND LARGEST IN THE REGION. BUT THAT'S ALL THEY AGREE
ON.

Photo of Galgal Refa’im via Wikimedia Commons
By Viva Sarah Press
December 24, 2015, Updated January 3, 2016
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Israel is filled with hundreds of archaeological and historical sites. There are
caves, ancient places of worship, amphitheaters dating back thousands of years,
and fortresses waiting to be explored at just about every turn.

But there’s one off-the-beaten path archaeological site that many don’t know
about, and even those who do haven’t visited.

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It’s called Galgal Refa’im (“wheel of ghosts”) or Gilgal Refa’im (“circle of
giants” referring to a biblical race of giants) in Hebrew, or Rujm el-Hiri in
Arabic (“stone heap of the wild cats”). It is one of Israel’s most puzzling and
mysterious places.

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Subscribe today

With massive rock walls jutting eight feet high into the sky, this Golan Heights
structure is fondly called “Stonehenge of the Levant,” as according to many
estimates, it is a contemporary of England’s Stonehenge.

The prehistoric Stonehenge monument in England, believed to be constructed
between 3000 and 2000 BCE, is one of the world’s most famous sites. An average
1.3 million people visit this ring of standing stones every year. Other famous
stone monuments popular with tourists include Chichen Itza in Mexico (1.4
million per year) and Machu Picchu in Peru (1.2 million).

Yet, Galgal Refa’im doesn’t draw even close to those numbers. Whether it’s
because the magnificence of this approximately 5,000-year-old stone structure
comprising some 42,000 tons of basalt stone laid out in huge concentric circles
can only be seen properly from the air or whether it’s because of a lack of
publicity, this obscure site attracts only a trickle of visitors most of the
year.

A slighter bigger crowd – mostly astronomers and astrologists – comes on the
days of winter solstice and summer solstice, when the sunrise lines up with
cracks in the rocks.

But for the most part, this archaeological treasure — located between roads 808
and 98 in Israel’s Golan Heights about three kilometers south of Moshav Yonatan
– is still waiting for its Indiana Jones moment.


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Theories abound

Scientists and archaeologists agree that this enormous stone structure is one of
the oldest and largest in the region. But that’s all they agree on.

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“The excavation finished years ago. We have bits of information, but not the
whole picture,” Uri Berger, an expert on megalithic tombs with the Israel
Antiquities Authority, tells ISRAEL21c. “It’s a mystery.”

Some believe it was an ancient calendar due to the solstice lineup, or perhaps a
monument used for astronomical observations and religious calculations.

Others think it was a burial site for important individuals because it has a
15-foot interment mound in the middle and a 20-foot-long burial chamber that
visitors can crawl into. Another idea is that this structure was used to lay out
the dead for the birds.

“Scientists come and are amazed by the site and think up their own theories,”
says Berger.

Even the age of the structure has been debated.

When Galgal Refa’im was first excavated in the 1960s, it was dated to the Early
Bronze Age II (3000–2700 BCE). But in 2010, Michael Freikman of the Hebrew
University of Jerusalem said the mysterious site was more likely built in the
Late Bronze Age (1550–1200 BCE) because it matches construction of the
Chalcolithic period.

Berger tells ISRAEL21c that each of the archaeologists who studied this place
“is certain about his findings. He’s sure he has the dates of the site. But
others who have excavated, they have their own theories. There’s always another
opinion or theory.”

Berger encourages people to visit, even though on the ground Galgal Refa’im
seems little more than crumbling stone walls overgrown with weeds. From above,
it is easier to see its bulls-eye or labyrinth shape. Some of the rock wall
circles are complete, while others are missing chunks. The outermost wall is
eight feet high and 520 feet in diameter.

ADVERTISEMENT


The Golan Walking Trail passes Galgal Refa’im, which is only accessible by foot
and open to visitors only on weekends and holidays because the area is used by
the IDF for training exercises during the week.



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