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COVID-19'S HARMFUL EFFECTS ON THE BRAIN REVERBERATE YEARS LATER: STUDY


The likelihood of most neurological and psychiatric diagnoses after Covid-19 was
lower in children than in adults. PHOTO: UNSPLASH
Published
Aug 18, 2022, 8:52 AM SGT
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WASHINGTON (BLOOMBERG) - Covid-19 survivors remain at higher risk of psychotic
disorders, dementia and similar conditions for at least two years, according to
a large study that highlights the mounting burden of chronic illness left in the
pandemic's wake.

While anxiety and depression occur more frequently after Covid-19 than other
respiratory infections, the risk typically subsides within two months,
researchers at the University of Oxford found.

In contrast, cognitive deficits known colloquially as "brain fog", epilepsy,
seizures and other longer-term mental and brain health disorders remained
elevated 24 months later, according to a study published on Wednesday (Aug 17)
in the journal Lancet Psychiatry.



The findings, based on the records of more than 1.25 million patients, add to
evidence of the virus' potential to cause profound damage to the central nervous
system and exacerbate the global burden of dementia - which cost an estimated
US$1.3 trillion (S$1.8 trillion) in the year the pandemic began.

Oxford researchers showed in March that even a mild case is associated with
brain shrinkage equivalent to as much as a decade of normal ageing.

"The results have important implications for patients and health services as it
suggests new cases of neurological conditions linked to Covid-19 infection are
likely to occur for a considerable time after the pandemic has subsided," said
Dr Paul Harrison, a professor of psychiatry and the study's lead author.




The work highlights the need for more research to understand why this happens,
and what can be done to prevent and treat these conditions, he said.



The study analysed data on 14 neurological and psychiatric diagnoses from the
TriNetX electronic health records network, containing de-identified information
on roughly 89 million patients, ranging from children to the elderly.

The 1.28 million people with a confirmed Covid-19 diagnosis during the two-year
study period were matched to an equal number of patients with another
respiratory infection that acted as a control group.

The likelihood of most neurological and psychiatric diagnoses after Covid-19 was
lower in children than in adults. Unlike adults, they were not at an increased
risk of mood or anxiety disorders, and any cognitive deficit they experienced
tended to be transient.



"It is good news that the higher risk of depression and anxiety diagnoses after
Covid-19 is relatively short-lived and there is no increase in the risk of these
diagnoses in children," co-author Max Taquet said.

"However, it is worrying that some other conditions, such as dementia and
seizures, continue to be more frequently diagnosed after Covid-19, even two
years later."

The fact that these risks remain elevated for so long suggests that the
underlying mechanisms driving them persists well past the acute infection, the
researchers said.

More On This Topic
My post-Covid-19 struggle: I almost made tea in my laptop due to brain fog
What are long Covid-19 symptoms and when should you seek help

Potential causes include damage to the cells that line blood vessels, leading to
blood clots, and leakage of the blood-brain barrier.

Previous vaccination is associated with reduced or unchanged risks of most
neurological or psychiatric outcomes, the authors said.

The rates of these problems were similar after the emergence of the Omicron and
Delta variants, suggesting that coronavirus infections may continue to spur
neuropsychiatric illnesses even when they cause otherwise less severe disease.

The study is the first to attempt to examine some of the disparate and lingering
neurological and psychiatric consequences of Covid-19 in a large dataset, Dr
Jonathan Rogers and Professor Glyn Lewis from University College London wrote in
an accompanying comment piece.

"It highlights some clinical features that particularly merit further
investigation," they said, adding that more research is needed to validate the
findings.

More On This Topic
What is long Covid? Patients share their struggles with symptoms some think are
made up
Managing a persistent cough after Covid-19 recovery


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MCI (P) 031/10/2021, MCI (P) 032/10/2021. Published by SPH Media Limited, Co.
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