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DIGITAL GADFLY. THE RISE AND RISE OF DEEPFAKES IN INDIA 

Updated - May 12, 2024 at 02:44 PM.


FROM POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS TO BRAND ADS, DIGITAL DOPPELGANGERS ARE PROLIFERATING.
HERE’S HOW TO SPOT THEM

By Shubho Sengupta

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A few days back, an AI-generated video featuring Mamata Banerjee made waves on
social media, prompting the killjoy Kolkata Police to send a warning to the
creator — which made it even more popular.



Later, the PM, never to miss an opportunity, retweeted a similar video of him,
showing his dancing, with a funny line. Guess who won that round.

Across the oceans, a video message from Arizona Secretary of State Adrian Fontes
welcomed election workers to a seminar on deepfakes — without letting on the
video was a deepfake to start with.

WATCH OUT: FROM PRIME MINISTER MODI TO CRICKETER DHONI, DEEPFAKES ARE USED TO
IMPERSONATE INDIVIDUALS, LEVERAGING ADVANCED AI TECHNOLOGIES

Am sure you have seen similar videos of Dhoni belting out Kishore hits, Imran
Khan giving a ‘victory speech’ from jail, or even an article on Ambani Junior
giving a fake interview which led to a crypto link (that was very authentic,
fooled Facebook too, and I think it’s still up).



Even the CPI (M), the original anti-computers party, used a deepfake of the
former Bengal CM Buddhadev Bhattacharya, in the ongoing Lok Sabha campaign.



Feel like creating some deepfake videos? Creating deepfake videos involves
sophisticated AI technology but there are many types of software that can help.
If you’re interested in learning about this technology purely for educational
purposes or for ethical creative projects, here you go:

Data collection: Gather a large dataset of images and/or videos of the person
you want to mimic. The quality and variety of this dataset significantly affect
the realism of the resulting deep fake. The richer the dataset, the better your
deep fake. Ever wonder why Modi deep fakes are better? Because there are more
images of the PM online.

Choose the right software: Tools and platforms like DeepFaceLab, Faceswap or Zao
are commonly used for creating deepfakes. Each tool has its own set of
requirements and learning curves.

Training the model: Use a machine learning algorithm, typically a type of GAN
(Generative Adversarial Network), to train your model. This process involves
teaching the algorithm to understand and replicate the facial features and
expressions of the target from your dataset.

Now these deepfakes of politicians don’t really harm anyone except politicians —
temporarily. (Though deepfakes promoting religious hatred are extremely
dangerous of course, and I don’t see Meta or X winning the war.)

Deepfakes have expanded into various other areas, leveraging advanced AI
technologies. There’s news that China is going to interfere in the ongoing
general elections through AI-generated deep fakes.

Here’s a brief take of how deepfake technology is being applied beyond just
videos:

Medicine and finance are going to be badly hit. Nirav Modi is going to look like
a kindergarten kid.

Creating fake medical records: AI can be used to generate realistic medical
records that are entirely fictitious. These fake records could be used to make
fake insurance claims, obtain prescription medications improperly, or support
false disability claims.

Altering existing medical records: AI technologies, especially those that excel
in pattern recognition and image manipulation, could be used to alter existing,
genuine medical records. For example, medical images like X-rays or MRIs could
be digitally modified to fake a condition that isn’t present or even wipe out
evidence of an existing condition. This could be done to manipulate outcomes in
legal cases, insurance claims, or to defraud patients and insurers.

Identity theft: Deepfakes can be used to impersonate individuals in videos or
audio recordings, tricking banks and financial institutions into granting access
to sensitive financial information or accounts.

Fake KYCs: When identity verification is compromised by deep fakes, financial
institutions might face challenges in complying with Know Your Customer (KYC)
and Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regulations.

I’ll end with some tips on how to avoid AI-generated deep fake scams. Because
rest assured, tomorrow you or your company or organisation will be the victim of
one.

LOOK FOR IRREGULARITIES IN FACIAL FEATURES:

Eye movement: In many deep fakes, the eyes might not blink naturally or may seem
off in some way.

Facial expressions: Observe if facial expressions look mismatched or if they
don’t synchronise well with the emotional tone of the speech.

AUDIO-VISUAL MISMATCH:

Lip-sync: Pay attention to the lips. If the movement doesn’t perfectly match the
spoken words, it might be a deep fake.

Voice quality: Sometimes, the voice might not sound quite right — the tone might
be a bit off.

CHECK THE VIDEO QUALITY AND CONSISTENCY:

Video resolution: Deepfakes may often have varying qualities within the same
video. For example, the face might be in high res while the surroundings or
background could be of lower quality.

A POOR QUALITY DEEPFAKE VIDEO OF TECH BILLIONAIRE ELON MUSK DANCING

CONTEXTUAL CLUES:

Background details: Sometimes the focus is so much on getting the face right
that the background might be neglected.

Behavioural cues: Consider whether the person is acting in a way that is
consistent with their known behaviour.

SOURCE VERIFICATION:

Consider the source: Check where the video came from.

Cross-verification: Look for the same video or similar announcements from
official or multiple reliable sources.

The government has got cracking on the issue of deepfakes or morphed videos on
the internet and has instructed social media companies such as Instagram, X and
Facebook to remove such content from their platforms within 24 hours of
receiving a complaint.

You could of course reach out to the police and report the cyber crime.

Do follow the Twitter handle @Cyberdost for the latest information on cyber
crimes in India.

(Shubho Sengupta is a digital marketer with an analogue ad agency past. He can
be found @shubhos on X)




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