chem.libretexts.org Open in urlscan Pro
2600:9000:2359:c600:11:2451:2fc0:93a1  Public Scan

Submitted URL: http://chem.libretexts.org/
Effective URL: https://chem.libretexts.org/
Submission: On June 14 via api from US — Scanned from DE

Summary

This website contacted 23 IPs in 3 countries across 17 domains to perform 132 HTTP transactions. The main IP is 2600:9000:2359:c600:11:2451:2fc0:93a1, located in United States and belongs to AMAZON-02, US. The main domain is chem.libretexts.org. The Cisco Umbrella rank of the primary domain is 149238.
TLS certificate: Issued by Amazon RSA 2048 M01 on June 13th 2023. Valid for: a year.
This is the only time chem.libretexts.org was scanned on urlscan.io!

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

IP Address AS Autonomous System
3 12 2600:9000:235... 16509 (AMAZON-02)
14 143.204.215.69 16509 (AMAZON-02)
41 2606:4700:303... 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
4 6 2606:4700::68... 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
23 2606:4700::68... 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
2 2606:4700::68... 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
1 5 2606:4700:10:... 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
5 2a00:1450:400... 15169 (GOOGLE)
4 2606:4700:303... 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
1 2606:4700:440... 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
1 2606:4700::68... 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
2 2a00:1450:400... 15169 (GOOGLE)
2 3.84.48.190 14618 (AMAZON-AES)
3 2a00:1450:400... 15169 (GOOGLE)
3 2a00:1450:400... 15169 (GOOGLE)
3 143.204.215.73 16509 (AMAZON-02)
3 2001:4860:480... 15169 (GOOGLE)
2 2a00:1450:400... 15169 (GOOGLE)
1 2606:4700:10:... 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
1 2a00:1450:400... 15169 (GOOGLE)
2 2a00:1450:400... 15169 (GOOGLE)
2 2606:4700:10:... 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
2 2606:4700::68... 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
132 23
Apex Domain
Subdomains
Transfer
41 libretexts.net
cdn.libretexts.net — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 110529
807 KB
23 cloudflare.com
cdnjs.cloudflare.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 265
648 KB
17 mtstatic.com
a.mtstatic.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 25983
files.mtstatic.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 60760
862 KB
14 libretexts.org
chem.libretexts.org — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 149238
matomo-test-ecs.libretexts.org — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 156241
61 KB
6 hypothes.is
hypothes.is — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 43934
cdn.hypothes.is — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 87574
72 KB
6 unpkg.com
unpkg.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 1017
21 KB
5 google-analytics.com
www.google-analytics.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 68
region1.google-analytics.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 2347
21 KB
5 fontawesome.com
use.fontawesome.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 1380
pro.fontawesome.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 8276
117 KB
5 googleapis.com
fonts.googleapis.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 77
32 KB
3 gstatic.com
fonts.gstatic.com
301 KB
3 cloudflareinsights.com
static.cloudflareinsights.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 951
cloudflareinsights.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 924
7 KB
2 donorbox.org
donorbox.org — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 63119
7 KB
2 google.de
www.google.de — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 8196
126 B
2 google.com
www.google.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 5
region1.analytics.google.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 3078
117 B
2 doubleclick.net
stats.g.doubleclick.net — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 132
398 B
2 googletagmanager.com
www.googletagmanager.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 79
191 KB
2 jsdelivr.net
cdn.jsdelivr.net — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 373
3 KB
132 17
Domain Requested by
41 cdn.libretexts.net chem.libretexts.org
cdn.libretexts.net
23 cdnjs.cloudflare.com chem.libretexts.org
cdnjs.cloudflare.com
cdn.libretexts.net
14 a.mtstatic.com chem.libretexts.org
a.mtstatic.com
12 chem.libretexts.org 3 redirects chem.libretexts.org
cdn.libretexts.net
6 unpkg.com 4 redirects chem.libretexts.org
5 fonts.googleapis.com chem.libretexts.org
cdn.libretexts.net
donorbox.org
4 use.fontawesome.com chem.libretexts.org
use.fontawesome.com
4 cdn.hypothes.is chem.libretexts.org
hypothes.is
3 files.mtstatic.com chem.libretexts.org
3 fonts.gstatic.com fonts.googleapis.com
3 www.google-analytics.com chem.libretexts.org
www.google-analytics.com
2 cloudflareinsights.com static.cloudflareinsights.com
2 donorbox.org cdn.libretexts.net
donorbox.org
2 www.google.de chem.libretexts.org
2 stats.g.doubleclick.net www.google-analytics.com
www.googletagmanager.com
2 region1.google-analytics.com www.googletagmanager.com
2 matomo-test-ecs.libretexts.org chem.libretexts.org
matomo-test-ecs.libretexts.org
2 www.googletagmanager.com chem.libretexts.org
www.google-analytics.com
2 hypothes.is 1 redirects cdn.hypothes.is
2 cdn.jsdelivr.net chem.libretexts.org
cdn.libretexts.net
1 region1.analytics.google.com www.googletagmanager.com
1 www.google.com chem.libretexts.org
1 static.cloudflareinsights.com chem.libretexts.org
1 pro.fontawesome.com chem.libretexts.org
132 24

This site contains links to these domains. Also see Links.

Domain
register.libretexts.org
commons.libretexts.org
libretexts.org
mindtouch.com
www.nice.com
Subject Issuer Validity Valid
*.libretexts.org
Amazon RSA 2048 M01
2023-06-13 -
2024-07-11
a year crt.sh
*.mtstatic.com
Amazon RSA 2048 M01
2023-08-02 -
2024-08-30
a year crt.sh
libretexts.net
GTS CA 1P5
2024-04-23 -
2024-07-22
3 months crt.sh
cdnjs.cloudflare.com
E1
2024-06-02 -
2024-08-31
3 months crt.sh
*.jsdelivr.net
Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA
2024-05-04 -
2025-05-04
a year crt.sh
upload.video.google.com
WR2
2024-05-27 -
2024-08-19
3 months crt.sh
use.fontawesome.com
Cloudflare Inc ECC CA-3
2023-10-12 -
2024-10-10
a year crt.sh
*.fontawesome.com
DigiCert Global G2 TLS RSA SHA256 2020 CA1
2023-12-04 -
2025-01-03
a year crt.sh
cloudflareinsights.com
GTS CA 1P5
2024-05-08 -
2024-08-06
3 months crt.sh
*.google-analytics.com
WR2
2024-05-27 -
2024-08-19
3 months crt.sh
matomo-test-ecs.libretexts.org
Amazon RSA 2048 M03
2024-03-09 -
2025-04-07
a year crt.sh
*.gstatic.com
WR2
2024-05-27 -
2024-08-19
3 months crt.sh
hypothes.is
E1
2024-05-25 -
2024-08-23
3 months crt.sh
*.g.doubleclick.net
GTS CA 1C3
2024-05-21 -
2024-08-13
3 months crt.sh
*.google.com
WR2
2024-05-27 -
2024-08-19
3 months crt.sh
*.google.de
WR2
2024-05-27 -
2024-08-19
3 months crt.sh
donorbox.org
E1
2024-05-28 -
2024-08-26
3 months crt.sh

This page contains 2 frames:

Primary Page: https://chem.libretexts.org/
Frame ID: FA55F89B7993FAC66C22C2616AEA621F
Requests: 130 HTTP requests in this frame

Frame: https://hypothes.is/app.html
Frame ID: 388924E3938526BCE1566EB6CC1E5055
Requests: 1 HTTP requests in this frame

Screenshot

Page Title

Home - Chemistry LibreTexts

Page URL History Show full URLs

  1. http://chem.libretexts.org/ HTTP 307
    https://chem.libretexts.org/ Page URL

Detected technologies

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • ([\d.]+)?/mathjax\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • bootstrap(?:[^>]*?([0-9a-fA-F]{7,40}|[\d]+(?:.[\d]+(?:.[\d]+)?)?)|)[^>]*?(?:\.min)?\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • require.*\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • static\.cloudflareinsights\.com/beacon(?:\.min)?\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • (?:F|f)o(?:n|r)t-?(?:A|a)wesome(?:.*?([0-9a-fA-F]{7,40}|[\d]+(?:.[\d]+(?:.[\d]+)?)?)|)

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • google-analytics\.com/(?:ga|urchin|analytics)\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • googletagmanager\.com/gtag/js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • jquery.*\.js(?:\?ver(?:sion)?=([\d.]+))?

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • //cdn\.jsdelivr\.net/

Page Statistics

132
Requests

95 %
HTTPS

87 %
IPv6

17
Domains

24
Subdomains

23
IPs

3
Countries

3149 kB
Transfer

10210 kB
Size

13
Cookies

Page URL History

This captures the URL locations of the websites, including HTTP redirects and client-side redirects via JavaScript or Meta fields.

  1. http://chem.libretexts.org/ HTTP 307
    https://chem.libretexts.org/ Page URL

Redirected requests

There were HTTP redirect chains for the following requests:

Request Chain 14
  • https://unpkg.com/@popperjs/core@2 HTTP 302
  • https://unpkg.com/@popperjs/core@2.11.8 HTTP 302
  • https://unpkg.com/@popperjs/core@2.11.8/dist/umd/popper.min.js
Request Chain 15
  • https://unpkg.com/tippy.js@6 HTTP 302
  • https://unpkg.com/tippy.js@6.3.7 HTTP 302
  • https://unpkg.com/tippy.js@6.3.7/dist/tippy-bundle.umd.min.js
Request Chain 39
  • https://hypothes.is/embed.js HTTP 302
  • https://cdn.hypothes.is/hypothesis
Request Chain 77
  • https://chem.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/48600/mindtouch.page%2523thumbnail?revision=6 HTTP 302
  • https://files.mtstatic.com/site_4334/48600/5?Expires=1718334900&Signature=GjItgj~3zsv4WlYMBELHMz~a2mhJ8b42G1woci4mUCa9KptcxOnCEuGj9Z9MUUHUzbrE3yXWNt7RWFzzuV0no-4EmgktRxkZLTxeLiykaaDpxP~-bFfuVTDK4vnct3VwtD1v6ydEbtM4WfmdZlRQJpPTrlh5YMwo~MTCA3gj8bs_&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJ5Y6AV4GI7A555NA
Request Chain 78
  • https://chem.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/48598/mindtouch.page%2523thumbnail?revision=5 HTTP 302
  • https://files.mtstatic.com/site_4334/48598/4?Expires=1718334900&Signature=ckR7SmaJYbXofCOAsCj7ZSiGrndcqZ08gKevcf1XjSeAuK-5oIF1tYoBVzlXHV-6eiPaDA9WUpVuQCmuDB~ITRqjxnnpjvA5aUqYPCXI4gla-pbaDecSlRv~vBP8x2P5P-keIwp7XKcZGJgYAToq0b7TlS6sMcbumtxpbda6AYg_&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJ5Y6AV4GI7A555NA
Request Chain 79
  • https://chem.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/145917/mindtouch.page%2523thumbnail?revision=2 HTTP 302
  • https://files.mtstatic.com/site_4334/145917/1?Expires=1718334901&Signature=gfdegCuTX2wyMG4R4BP8zzOUuonhSulX0NvIfI6SsPxsiAYo8RPJfCZrhHMG2uQuI4jIlhshBTeyeATLk6nqUw-tLLvtLZFiKCJzp4B8gk6HvRnmPEHNKYB5lZFTjYvpDHBQyzJgA~xJuVYI25FOM8sR8280x14gWGPkDidaOG4_&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJ5Y6AV4GI7A555NA

132 HTTP transactions

Resource
Path
Size
x-fer
Type
MIME-Type
Primary Request /
chem.libretexts.org/
Redirect Chain
  • http://chem.libretexts.org/
  • https://chem.libretexts.org/
104 KB
24 KB
Document
General
Full URL
https://chem.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2600:9000:2359:c600:11:2451:2fc0:93a1 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
/
Resource Hash
8f75c6d4e513e634ce862fdacfa2ba42975559fc1fbdcfb0408f1898dd167816
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy upgrade-insecure-requests; default-src https: data: filesystem: blob: mediastream: 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'; connect-src https: wss:
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Xss-Protection 1; mode=block

Request headers

Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests
1
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36

Response headers

alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate, max-age=0
content-encoding
br
content-language
en-US
content-length
23844
content-security-policy
upgrade-insecure-requests; default-src https: data: filesystem: blob: mediastream: 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'; connect-src https: wss:
content-type
text/html; charset=utf-8
date
Fri, 14 Jun 2024 02:33:31 GMT
expires
-1
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
vary
Accept-Encoding,Cookie
via
1.1 83f879b9257b55a619d0b5d3165412a6.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
x-amz-cf-id
uTEZ_vCnI3wEhHIjaF2jOa8uct03Dd9JVuc42J_iPpod14N_glPPWw==
x-amz-cf-pop
FRA60-P10
x-cache
Miss from cloudfront
x-content-type-options
nosniff
x-deki-site
id=site_4334
x-xss-protection
1; mode=block

Redirect headers

Location
https://chem.libretexts.org/
Non-Authoritative-Reason
HttpsUpgrades
anonymous.css
a.mtstatic.com/@cache/layout/
1 MB
122 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://a.mtstatic.com/@cache/layout/anonymous.css?_=621918902a13a08a7104b167aa47d1e6_Y2hlbS5saWJyZXRleHRzLm9yZw==:site_4334
Requested by
Host: chem.libretexts.org
URL: https://chem.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
143.204.215.69 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-143-204-215-69.fra53.r.cloudfront.net
Software
/
Resource Hash
d4bc0e72961ee0c82b13e1b2b92befd5bc182f05e0f745e7953beec8ebdcdc34
Security Headers
Name Value
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
Referer
https://chem.libretexts.org/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Sat, 08 Jun 2024 23:04:23 GMT
content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
nosniff
via
1.1 de11a38373aee7f9d5ba9d586bb8bfd2.cloudfront.net (CloudFront), 1.1 6080b2713e502211e152f21f5c59c5a6.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
x-amz-cf-pop
FRA56-P10, FRA53-C1
age
444549
etag
621918902a13a08a7104b167aa47d1e6_bXQtY2RuLm1pbmR0b3VjaC51cw==
vary
Accept-Encoding
x-cache
Hit from cloudfront
content-type
text/css; charset=utf-8
x-deki-site
id=site_4334
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
max-age=29030400, public
x-amz-cf-id
isZA9L6yscczriAKRKV6X1G7FO_6nj8lSvvy2EsD36LulQVmHO2gbw==
expires
Sun, 08 Jun 2025 23:04:23 GMT
globals.jqueryv2.2.4.js
a.mtstatic.com/deki/javascript/out/
393 KB
112 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://a.mtstatic.com/deki/javascript/out/globals.jqueryv2.2.4.js?_=6066a6a191cbee5707f98d20c4f59be45088a228:site_4334
Requested by
Host: chem.libretexts.org
URL: https://chem.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
143.204.215.69 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-143-204-215-69.fra53.r.cloudfront.net
Software
/
Resource Hash
30aee54f8ca19c84ab7a712c56df562390d1d1ee502c8fec8069d2276afbc774

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
Referer
https://chem.libretexts.org/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Thu, 06 Jun 2024 23:48:23 GMT
content-encoding
br
via
1.1 2a1069adbc6a1208306ee3de10fe9952.cloudfront.net (CloudFront), 1.1 6080b2713e502211e152f21f5c59c5a6.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
last-modified
Fri, 31 May 2024 19:55:45 GMT
x-amz-cf-pop
FRA56-P10, FRA53-C1
age
614708
vary
Accept-Encoding
x-cache
Hit from cloudfront
content-type
application/javascript
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
max-age=31536000, public
accept-ranges
bytes
content-length
113740
x-amz-cf-id
axDevLe883p43323r2E_SingbHwyvAv4pzIZL-E-KiCZEODO0dl90Q==
expires
Fri, 06 Jun 2025 23:48:23 GMT
deki.legacy.js
a.mtstatic.com/deki/javascript/out/
110 KB
29 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://a.mtstatic.com/deki/javascript/out/deki.legacy.js?_=6066a6a191cbee5707f98d20c4f59be45088a228:site_4334
Requested by
Host: chem.libretexts.org
URL: https://chem.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
143.204.215.69 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-143-204-215-69.fra53.r.cloudfront.net
Software
/
Resource Hash
51bdcf40fc5106048dfa437cb6a874132ff4b9e65f4ca4d40db97f0a7f63a6d0

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
Referer
https://chem.libretexts.org/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Thu, 06 Jun 2024 23:48:23 GMT
content-encoding
br
via
1.1 87b9fb3f8157b5916fbe1d11149c4f3a.cloudfront.net (CloudFront), 1.1 6080b2713e502211e152f21f5c59c5a6.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
last-modified
Fri, 31 May 2024 19:55:45 GMT
x-amz-cf-pop
FRA56-P10, FRA53-C1
age
614709
vary
Accept-Encoding
x-cache
Hit from cloudfront
content-type
application/javascript
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
max-age=31536000, public
accept-ranges
bytes
content-length
29147
x-amz-cf-id
ld8SNrJpjUCUTVl9iKF4jS018Cx-2-COLqLYrOKYd7hcMwGmCgjHsQ==
expires
Fri, 06 Jun 2025 23:48:23 GMT
community.js
a.mtstatic.com/deki/javascript/out/
458 KB
92 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://a.mtstatic.com/deki/javascript/out/community.js?_=6066a6a191cbee5707f98d20c4f59be45088a228:site_4334
Requested by
Host: chem.libretexts.org
URL: https://chem.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
143.204.215.69 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-143-204-215-69.fra53.r.cloudfront.net
Software
/
Resource Hash
6ef199c40390e95706e7203254e48c001395d8910fd17ff9a9b405d972fa3fd7

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
Referer
https://chem.libretexts.org/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Thu, 06 Jun 2024 23:48:23 GMT
content-encoding
br
via
1.1 47bf742fc3975367a1788e300150d028.cloudfront.net (CloudFront), 1.1 6080b2713e502211e152f21f5c59c5a6.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
last-modified
Fri, 31 May 2024 19:55:44 GMT
x-amz-cf-pop
FRA56-P10, FRA53-C1
age
614709
vary
Accept-Encoding
x-cache
Hit from cloudfront
content-type
application/javascript
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
max-age=31536000, public
accept-ranges
bytes
content-length
93316
x-amz-cf-id
sv0Kla0rBVgw_Dhqwbz7aULCaFEjQKVEjxBmJIbzbF18Kg5vGgMbxw==
expires
Fri, 06 Jun 2025 23:48:23 GMT
skin_elm.js
a.mtstatic.com/deki/javascript/out/standalone/
6 KB
3 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://a.mtstatic.com/deki/javascript/out/standalone/skin_elm.js?_=6066a6a191cbee5707f98d20c4f59be45088a228:site_4334
Requested by
Host: chem.libretexts.org
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strict-transport-security
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strict-transport-security
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Response headers

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strict-transport-security
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Full URL
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strict-transport-security
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Response headers

date
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strict-transport-security
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strict-transport-security
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date
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strict-transport-security
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Response headers

date
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strict-transport-security
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strict-transport-security
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2 KB
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https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/EditorPlugins/dist/libreFormatPlugin.min.js
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Fri, 14 Jun 2024 02:33:33 GMT
strict-transport-security
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H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
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sec-ch-ua
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
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content-encoding
gzip
last-modified
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server
Apache/2.4.59 (Debian)
etag
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vary
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accept-ranges
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52 KB
21 KB
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General
Full URL
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Requested by
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Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
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Security Headers
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sec-ch-ua
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Referer
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Accept-Language
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
gzip
x-content-type-options
nosniff
date
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last-modified
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server
Golfe2
age
265
vary
Accept-Encoding
content-type
text/javascript
cache-control
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cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
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H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
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Reverse DNS
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Security Headers
Name Value
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
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Accept-Language
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000
date
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content-encoding
gzip
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
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x-xss-protection
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server
ESF
cross-origin-opener-policy
same-origin-allow-popups
x-frame-options
SAMEORIGIN
content-type
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access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
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timing-allow-origin
*
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expires
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ball-atom.min.css
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5 KB
1 KB
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Full URL
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Requested by
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URL: https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/readerview/js-loading-overlay.min.js
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
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Security Headers
Name Value
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sec-ch-ua
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
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strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
content-encoding
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x-cache
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cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
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content-length
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x-served-by
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x-jsd-version-type
version
server
cloudflare
etag
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vary
Accept-Encoding
report-to
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access-control-expose-headers
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cache-control
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TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
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Software
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sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
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via
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x-amz-cf-pop
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x-cache
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access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
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expires
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Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
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Security Headers
Name Value
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
Referer
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
Thu, 13 Jun 2024 20:44:19 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
age
20954
content-security-policy-report-only
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cross-origin
alt-svc
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270452
x-xss-protection
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server
sffe
cross-origin-opener-policy
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report-to
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content-type
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cache-control
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timing-allow-origin
*
expires
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1 KB
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General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/authenBrowser.json
Requested by
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URL: https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/Miscellaneous/reuse.js
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
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Software
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Security Headers
Name Value
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
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Referer
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Accept-Language
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
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User-Agent
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
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strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
gzip
cf-cache-status
HIT
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x-amz-request-id
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x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
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689 B
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Requested by
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H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
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Software
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
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content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
last-modified
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nel
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server
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vary
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Software
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Resource Hash
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
Fri, 14 Jun 2024 02:33:33 GMT
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
last-modified
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nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
server
cloudflare
age
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vary
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report-to
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content-type
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cf-ray
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alt-svc
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Protocol
H2
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Software
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Request headers

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User-Agent
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Response headers

x-amz-version-id
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date
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via
1.1 9d27077cd67d98c0474b05ec9d68df4a.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
x-amz-cf-pop
FRA53-C1
age
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x-amz-server-side-encryption
AES256
x-cache
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x-amz-replication-status
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content-disposition
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server
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Response headers

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Response headers

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strict-transport-security
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content-encoding
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Response headers

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Response headers

date
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
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content-encoding
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x-content-type-options
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
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content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
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cf-cache-status
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nel
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Response headers

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strict-transport-security
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Response headers

pragma
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server
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sec-ch-ua
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

pragma
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x-content-type-options
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cafe
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Response headers

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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

pragma
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server
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Response headers

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Response headers

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Request headers

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Response headers

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strict-transport-security
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Response headers

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Response headers

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Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
55c77dfef369aee9bf4058c15f01b7d8c245177cd0e2a6ecb1d1ae71a7443d6f
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15780000
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
Referer
https://chem.libretexts.org/
Origin
https://chem.libretexts.org
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Fri, 14 Jun 2024 02:33:34 GMT
content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0.01,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
strict-transport-security
max-age=15780000
age
97265
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length
34168
last-modified
Mon, 04 May 2020 16:13:13 GMT
server
cloudflare
cf-cdnjs-via
cfworker/kv
etag
"5eb03f19-8574"
vary
Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=Kjp8JXY64R1OWSdtXui2ZttMSVudOQ6ZWDyInv%2BVCcK%2FnYr0jFP5YmnLuv6%2BiMEGzk2PoNTqVfjc0ujtXaJ9fUd8VKt4HV7LeyRHwmumZAQfNdubM4p8ejAroyRcOYuiAtf10ez%2F34uBiuVACBeUvoia"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/octet-stream; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
public, max-age=30672000
accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
cf-ray
8936ea97ef860b46-AMS
expires
Wed, 04 Jun 2025 02:33:34 GMT
MathJax_Math-Italic.woff
cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.3/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/
19 KB
19 KB
Font
General
Full URL
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.3/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/MathJax_Math-Italic.woff?V=2.7.3
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2606:4700::6811:180e , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
8db815a915b38f569e5c06686cae5489a9a396607915fdc21eeb052e61d6c27c
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15780000
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
Referer
https://chem.libretexts.org/
Origin
https://chem.libretexts.org
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Fri, 14 Jun 2024 02:33:34 GMT
content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0.01,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
strict-transport-security
max-age=15780000
age
803775
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length
19289
last-modified
Mon, 04 May 2020 16:13:13 GMT
server
cloudflare
cf-cdnjs-via
cfworker/kv
etag
"5eb03f19-4b9c"
vary
Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=aHx8zeto2gh56WUKg10tJvvc%2Ffi3dYO0rqrjQ2Ynx7NNyh1dp1D9R%2BsTM2Nt5WsppnlFFVM2PjAraIT9G6w5cxATrBbzBX7PpV5h5CCQdUf9ubW%2FfCHNAlcMig1X9ltmTW582oJMjhfxZ1Zw3KDNUiPl"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/octet-stream; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
public, max-age=30672000
accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
cf-ray
8936ea97ef890b46-AMS
expires
Wed, 04 Jun 2025 02:33:34 GMT
MathJax_Size1-Regular.woff
cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.3/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/
6 KB
6 KB
Font
General
Full URL
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.3/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/MathJax_Size1-Regular.woff?V=2.7.3
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2606:4700::6811:180e , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
2cf985fbe70694eda52314ccab5a052a177691e05d90c0be44d05e57da22d001
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15780000
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
Referer
https://chem.libretexts.org/
Origin
https://chem.libretexts.org
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Fri, 14 Jun 2024 02:33:34 GMT
content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0.01,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
strict-transport-security
max-age=15780000
age
77075
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length
5725
last-modified
Mon, 04 May 2020 16:13:13 GMT
server
cloudflare
cf-cdnjs-via
cfworker/kv
etag
"5eb03f19-16a0"
vary
Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=WaEXNzs15iXmkEsjTmAoIZmghl3U9qnhVFIoU6F7yBedlZjdWpog0%2BU0azDB0eNnTmlJYjWlhO4t0MJIy9MGmsZY9yRoBrH0OB212nux9emt4F8b9PrWrpXkQaz3KwjMHxk%2F2NonAk1tBOHsfPtYF06v"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/octet-stream; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
public, max-age=30672000
accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
cf-ray
8936ea97ef8d0b46-AMS
expires
Wed, 04 Jun 2025 02:33:34 GMT
animate-popup-donate-button.css
donorbox.org/
2 KB
1 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://donorbox.org/animate-popup-donate-button.css
Requested by
Host: donorbox.org
URL: https://donorbox.org/install-popup-button.js
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2606:4700:10::6816:33f9 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
f7e32905009ed49d872307e97de360c000ea00428dd69f95718072e2d14bfa85
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
Referer
https://chem.libretexts.org/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Fri, 14 Jun 2024 02:33:34 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains
via
1.1 vegur
cf-cache-status
HIT
last-modified
Thu, 13 Jun 2024 17:23:03 GMT
nel
{"report_to":"heroku-nel","max_age":3600,"success_fraction":0.005,"failure_fraction":0.05,"response_headers":["Via"]}
server
cloudflare
age
3864
vary
Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"group":"heroku-nel","max_age":3600,"endpoints":[{"url":"https://nel.heroku.com/reports?ts=1718299714&sid=1b10b0ff-8a76-4548-befa-353fc6c6c045&s=sW00sTIWsTq4MLgMsaHP1A0fV7RooQj5R2Y7a4CXPVg%3D"}]}
content-type
text/css
content-encoding
br
cf-ray
8936ea996d2a670f-AMS
reporting-endpoints
heroku-nel=https://nel.heroku.com/reports?ts=1718299714&sid=1b10b0ff-8a76-4548-befa-353fc6c6c045&s=sW00sTIWsTq4MLgMsaHP1A0fV7RooQj5R2Y7a4CXPVg%3D
css2
fonts.googleapis.com/
2 KB
734 B
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter&display=swap
Requested by
Host: donorbox.org
URL: https://donorbox.org/animate-popup-donate-button.css
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2a00:1450:4001:81d::200a Frankfurt am Main, Germany, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
ESF /
Resource Hash
134d30ed9c825909dd32af40d469aaafedfe1b17447abee0ed6c43c7254d2a48
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
Referer
https://donorbox.org/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000
date
Fri, 14 Jun 2024 02:33:34 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
x-xss-protection
0
last-modified
Fri, 14 Jun 2024 01:41:33 GMT
server
ESF
cross-origin-opener-policy
same-origin-allow-popups
x-frame-options
SAMEORIGIN
content-type
text/css; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
private, max-age=86400, stale-while-revalidate=604800
timing-allow-origin
*
link
<https://fonts.gstatic.com>; rel=preconnect; crossorigin
expires
Fri, 14 Jun 2024 02:33:34 GMT
UcCO3FwrK3iLTeHuS_fvQtMwCp50KnMw2boKoduKmMEVuLyfAZ9hiA.woff2
fonts.gstatic.com/s/inter/v13/
21 KB
21 KB
Font
General
Full URL
https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/inter/v13/UcCO3FwrK3iLTeHuS_fvQtMwCp50KnMw2boKoduKmMEVuLyfAZ9hiA.woff2
Requested by
Host: fonts.googleapis.com
URL: https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter&display=swap
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2a00:1450:4001:829::2003 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
sffe /
Resource Hash
2301bb030a2bcaa9c763cc4771bd717aac16709c29eaba00673fcbe7cdf99a59
Security Headers
Name Value
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
Referer
https://fonts.googleapis.com/
Origin
https://chem.libretexts.org
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Thu, 13 Jun 2024 08:48:19 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
age
63916
content-security-policy-report-only
require-trusted-types-for 'script'; report-uri https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/apps-themes
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
21564
x-xss-protection
0
last-modified
Wed, 13 Sep 2023 23:49:07 GMT
server
sffe
cross-origin-opener-policy
same-origin; report-to="apps-themes"
report-to
{"group":"apps-themes","max_age":2592000,"endpoints":[{"url":"https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/report-to/apps-themes"}]}
content-type
font/woff2
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
public, max-age=31536000
accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
expires
Fri, 13 Jun 2025 08:48:19 GMT
collect
region1.google-analytics.com/g/
0
54 B
Ping
General
Full URL
https://region1.google-analytics.com/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-YXRG76JLZT&gtm=45je46c0v896039116za200&_p=1718332413869&gcd=13l3l3l2l1&npa=1&dma_cps=sypham&dma=1&tag_exp=0&cid=1923958738.1718332414&ul=de-de&sr=1600x1200&uaa=x86&uab=64&uafvl=Not%252FA)Brand%3B8.0.0.0%7CChromium%3B126.0.6478.55%7CGoogle%2520Chrome%3B126.0.6478.55&uamb=0&uam=&uap=Win32&uapv=10.0.0&uaw=0&are=1&frm=0&pscdl=noapi&_eu=AEA&_s=2&sid=1718332414&sct=1&seg=0&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2F&dt=Home%20-%20Chemistry%20LibreTexts&en=scroll&epn.percent_scrolled=90&_et=81&tfd=7710
Requested by
Host: www.googletagmanager.com
URL: https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-YXRG76JLZT
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2001:4860:4802:32::36 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Golfe2 /
Resource Hash
e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="126", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="126"
Referer
https://chem.libretexts.org/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/126.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
date
Fri, 14 Jun 2024 02:33:39 GMT
server
Golfe2
content-type
text/plain
access-control-allow-origin
https://chem.libretexts.org
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
0
expires
Fri, 01 Jan 1990 00:00:00 GMT

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

350 JavaScript Global Variables

These are the non-standard "global" variables defined on the window object. These can be helpful in identifying possible client-side frameworks and code.

undefined| event object| fence object| sharedStorage object| regeneratorRuntime function| $ function| jQuery object| dialogPolyfill function| _ function| makeString function| s object| WebFont object| TimeMe object| Url object| Deki object| _paq string| GoogleAnalyticsObject function| ga object| JsLoadingOverlay function| LibreTextsReuse function| createLaunchpadElement function| loadLaunchpadScript function| hypothesisConfig boolean| beelineEnabled object| THREE boolean| THREEloaded function| TV3 function| TF3 function| TCo function| GLmol boolean| GLloaded boolean| JSloaded object| Jmol object| SwingController function| LoadClazz object| FontAwesomeCdnConfig string| cssUrl boolean| h5pResizerInitialized function| iFrameResize function| libreNavButtons object| google_tag_data object| gaplugins object| gaGlobal object| gaData function| gtag object| dataLayer number| 2f1acc6c3a606b082e5eef5e54414ffb function| activateBeeLine function| saveAs function| Sidebar object| google_tag_manager object| MathJax object| MicroModal object| Popper function| tippy object| YAHOO object| CryptoJS number| dbits string| b64map string| b64pad function| hex2b64 function| b64tohex function| b64toBA number| canary boolean| j_lm function| BigInteger function| nbi function| am1 function| am2 function| am3 number| BI_FP string| BI_RM object| BI_RC number| rr number| vv function| int2char function| intAt function| bnpCopyTo function| bnpFromInt function| nbv function| bnpFromString function| bnpClamp function| bnToString function| bnNegate function| bnAbs function| bnCompareTo function| nbits function| bnBitLength function| bnpDLShiftTo function| bnpDRShiftTo function| bnpLShiftTo function| bnpRShiftTo function| bnpSubTo function| bnpMultiplyTo function| bnpSquareTo function| bnpDivRemTo function| bnMod function| Classic function| cConvert function| cRevert function| cReduce function| cMulTo function| cSqrTo function| bnpInvDigit function| Montgomery function| montConvert function| montRevert function| montReduce function| montSqrTo function| montMulTo function| bnpIsEven function| bnpExp function| bnModPowInt function| bnClone function| bnIntValue function| bnByteValue function| bnShortValue function| bnpChunkSize function| bnSigNum function| bnpToRadix function| bnpFromRadix function| bnpFromNumber function| bnToByteArray function| bnEquals function| bnMin function| bnMax function| bnpBitwiseTo function| op_and function| bnAnd function| op_or function| bnOr function| op_xor function| bnXor function| op_andnot function| bnAndNot function| bnNot function| bnShiftLeft function| bnShiftRight function| lbit function| bnGetLowestSetBit function| cbit function| bnBitCount function| bnTestBit function| bnpChangeBit function| bnSetBit function| bnClearBit function| bnFlipBit function| bnpAddTo function| bnAdd function| bnSubtract function| bnMultiply function| bnSquare function| bnDivide function| bnRemainder function| bnDivideAndRemainder function| bnpDMultiply function| bnpDAddOffset function| NullExp function| nNop function| nMulTo function| nSqrTo function| bnPow function| bnpMultiplyLowerTo function| bnpMultiplyUpperTo function| Barrett function| barrettConvert function| barrettRevert function| barrettReduce function| barrettSqrTo function| barrettMulTo function| bnModPow function| bnGCD function| bnpModInt function| bnModInverse object| lowprimes number| lplim function| bnIsProbablePrime function| bnpMillerRabin function| Arcfour function| ARC4init function| ARC4next function| prng_newstate undefined| rng_state number| rng_psize function| rng_seed_int function| rng_seed_time object| rng_pool number| rng_pptr object| ua undefined| z number| t function| rng_get_byte function| rng_get_bytes function| SecureRandom function| parseBigInt function| linebrk function| byte2Hex function| pkcs1pad2 function| oaep_mgf1_arr function| oaep_pad function| RSAKey function| RSASetPublic function| RSADoPublic function| RSAEncrypt function| RSAEncryptOAEP function| pkcs1unpad2 function| oaep_mgf1_str function| oaep_unpad function| RSASetPrivate function| RSASetPrivateEx function| RSAGenerate function| RSADoPrivate function| RSADecrypt function| RSADecryptOAEP function| ECFieldElementFp function| feFpEquals function| feFpToBigInteger function| feFpNegate function| feFpAdd function| feFpSubtract function| feFpMultiply function| feFpSquare function| feFpDivide function| ECPointFp function| pointFpGetX function| pointFpGetY function| pointFpEquals function| pointFpIsInfinity function| pointFpNegate function| pointFpAdd function| pointFpTwice function| pointFpMultiply function| pointFpMultiplyTwo function| ECCurveFp function| curveFpGetQ function| curveFpGetA function| curveFpGetB function| curveFpEquals function| curveFpGetInfinity function| curveFpFromBigInteger function| curveFpDecodePointHex function| jsonParse object| KJUR function| utf8tob64u function| b64utoutf8 object| ASN1HEX function| Base64x function| stoBA function| BAtos function| BAtohex function| stohex function| stob64 function| stob64u function| b64utos function| b64tob64u function| b64utob64 function| hextob64u function| b64utohex function| utf8tob64 function| b64toutf8 function| utf8tohex function| hextoutf8 function| hextorstr function| rstrtohex function| hextob64 function| hextob64nl function| b64nltohex function| hextopem function| pemtohex function| hextoArrayBuffer function| ArrayBuffertohex function| zulutomsec function| zulutosec function| zulutodate function| datetozulu function| uricmptohex function| hextouricmp function| ipv6tohex function| hextoipv6 function| hextoip function| iptohex function| encodeURIComponentAll function| newline_toUnix function| newline_toDos function| hextoposhex function| intarystrtohex function| strdiffidx object| KEYUTIL object| _RE_HEXDECONLY function| _rsasign_getHexPaddedDigestInfoForString function| _zeroPaddingOfSignature function| pss_mgf1_str function| _rsasign_getDecryptSignatureBI function| _rsasign_getHexDigestInfoFromSig function| _rsasign_getAlgNameAndHashFromHexDisgestInfo function| X509 function| X509CRL function| Cookies object| BeelineUtils function| BeeLineReader object| QRCode boolean| youtubeIframe object| AblePlayerInstances function| onYouTubeIframeAPIReady function| AblePlayer function| AccessibleSlider function| AccessibleDialog function| getCC function| licenseControl function| LibreTextsCASBridgeVerifyJWT function| LibreTextsLoginCAS function| LibreTextsLogoutCAS function| LibreTextsGlossarizer object| libretextGlossary function| setImmediate function| clearImmediate function| CitRequire function| buildcite function| getParam function| getCite function| download function| getFile function| hidecite function| attribution function| hideattr object| __cfBeacon object| Piwik object| Matomo object| AnalyticsTracker function| piwik_log object| MindTouch number| _rollbarStartTime function| rollbar boolean| _rollbarDidLoad object| _MindTouchWebWidgetFactory function| applyFocusVisiblePolyfill function| Hammer function| requirejs function| require function| define string| front object| MathJaxConfig object| ___FONT_AWESOME___ object| FontAwesomeConfig object| FontAwesome function| a object| fontawesome-free-shims object| DonorBox undefined| value boolean| DBOX_INSTALLED function| dw_open

13 Cookies

Domain/Path Name / Value
chem.libretexts.org/ Name: mtwebsession
Value: ac6ac92e37d7403dae9859543b23b078
.chem.libretexts.org/ Name: dekisession
Value: "YjBjMmMyY2UtZWRlNC00NjhjLTliOTMtMDNmM2Q2ZDM3NjAyfDIwMjQtMDYtMTRUMDI6MzM6MzE="
.chem.libretexts.org/ Name: _ga
Value: GA1.3.1923958738.1718332414
.chem.libretexts.org/ Name: _gid
Value: GA1.3.832071845.1718332414
.chem.libretexts.org/ Name: _gat
Value: 1
.chem.libretexts.org/ Name: _gat_mtTracker
Value: 1
.libretexts.org/ Name: _pk_id.4.e4be
Value: 06372ef7046d074a.1718332414.
.libretexts.org/ Name: _pk_ses.4.e4be
Value: 1
.libretexts.org/ Name: _ga
Value: GA1.1.1923958738.1718332414
.libretexts.org/ Name: _ga_YXRG76JLZT
Value: GS1.1.1718332414.1.0.1718332414.0.0.0
matomo-test-ecs.libretexts.org/ Name: AWSALBTG
Value: SVlluoV6A5RItPc8n6ZPAFYD336OuvMuPiMab0E3ZzgnPx1THihNTVpJm3l2WS2pJ1Nxb1P6Qr+TxaOnBJdSLQnEH5piQi4Y8PfdrKM/92wRDtzwjx6kcW1bvZxXCsmhtjkDtdTxfCTdokSHdo6Y5HLoU6Yy1KRoSjt1g3yMyPQesbe6Rw4=
matomo-test-ecs.libretexts.org/ Name: AWSALBTGCORS
Value: SVlluoV6A5RItPc8n6ZPAFYD336OuvMuPiMab0E3ZzgnPx1THihNTVpJm3l2WS2pJ1Nxb1P6Qr+TxaOnBJdSLQnEH5piQi4Y8PfdrKM/92wRDtzwjx6kcW1bvZxXCsmhtjkDtdTxfCTdokSHdo6Y5HLoU6Yy1KRoSjt1g3yMyPQesbe6Rw4=
.chem.libretexts.org/ Name: _ga_0G8ZPGT8MT
Value: GS1.3.1718332414.1.0.1718332414.60.0.0

Security Headers

This page lists any security headers set by the main page. If you want to understand what these mean and how to use them, head on over to this page

Header Value
Content-Security-Policy upgrade-insecure-requests; default-src https: data: filesystem: blob: mediastream: 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'; connect-src https: wss:
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Xss-Protection 1; mode=block

Indicators

This is a term in the security industry to describe indicators such as IPs, Domains, Hashes, etc. This does not imply that any of these indicate malicious activity.

a.mtstatic.com
cdn.hypothes.is
cdn.jsdelivr.net
cdn.libretexts.net
cdnjs.cloudflare.com
chem.libretexts.org
cloudflareinsights.com
donorbox.org
files.mtstatic.com
fonts.googleapis.com
fonts.gstatic.com
hypothes.is
matomo-test-ecs.libretexts.org
pro.fontawesome.com
region1.analytics.google.com
region1.google-analytics.com
static.cloudflareinsights.com
stats.g.doubleclick.net
unpkg.com
use.fontawesome.com
www.google-analytics.com
www.google.com
www.google.de
www.googletagmanager.com
143.204.215.69
143.204.215.73
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