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WHAT ARE DEEP IN THE MONEY OPTIONS?


A QUICK PRIMER.

Dan Bustamante
Oct 9, 2023
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WHAT ARE DEEP IN THE MONEY OPTIONS?

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In this post, I am going to break down deep-in-the-money options.

There are tactical advantages and real-life applications used for investors and
traders.

Before I get into it let me start with this: last week I gave a webinar on
Retail Trading/Investing v. Portfolio Management and I started it with this:

How do you get past the retail trading narrative?

Part of investing/trading is getting past that narrative so in my opinion, once
you do that then you can start to really grasp what I am going to cover in this
post.

You have objective truths and subjective opinions and part of learning to invest
requires you to separate those two effectively.



30 DAY TRIAL HERE



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. WHAT ARE SOME NARRATIVES ABOUT OPTIONS?



Let’s do a quick primer on options and get past a few narratives so that you can
hopefully look at this objectively.

 1. Options are risky

 2. Most retail trading is short-term options

 3. I don’t understand how the work

Those are 3 common narratives.

Options are risky if you use them to sell naked calls or other strategies that
put your account at risk. That is an objective truth.

Most retail trading is in short-term options. That is an objective truth.
(Source)

I don’t understand how they work. Like most things, you can figure out how they
work by spending a little time too.

In this case, go directly to the source to avoid the narrative (which if you
watch that webinar above) usually gets spun.

This is the Chicago Board of Options Exchange - education here on options.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. WHAT ARE DITM OPTIONS


> Deep in the money is an option that has an exercise or strike price
> significantly below (for a call option) or above (for a put option) the market
> price of the underlying asset. The value of such an option is nearly all
> intrinsic value and minimal extrinsic or time value.

That’s the answer - objective truth.

Now how can they be used to benefit a portfolio to structure an investment
thesis?

This is where subjective opinions come into play.

So this is important and where I think most get lost on this path to figuring
out whether or not there is a benefit to their portfolio.

I’ve used them for over 5+ years, in certain situations, to allow me to express
a view on an idea long or short and I’ll share some benefits.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. EXAMPLE ONE BENEFIT: STOCK REPLACEMENT


You find a stock or company you believe in but your portfolio might be:

A) Smaller ($10-$50K)

B) Has it’s cashed tied up in other investments you like

The point is this: your capital/bankroll is limited or risk-averse so you want
to maximize the use of your capital while finding fixed risk and leverage.

An option will do that.

And when done with DITM options it can produce a smooth equity curve.





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my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.


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Buying Apple Shares Directly

> Assume you wanted to buy 100 shares of Apple at $179.50 for a total of
> $17,950.
> 
> Assume that you have a $100,000 portfolio.
> 
> That becomes 18% of your capital allocated to one idea - that is neither good
> or bad but for the sake of this argument, that is a lot of risk in one idea.
> 
> If the stock moved against you -10% you would be down $1,795 - again that is
> not a big move and fluctuations are expected when buying a stock.

The DITM Call - Stock Replacement

> You could buy an April 2024 155 strike call for $28.60 or $2,860 instead.
> 
> Your max loss (fixed cost) is capped at $2,860. The worst that happens is you
> lose $2,860 because you don’t have a stop-in or just forget.
> 
> Alternatively, if the stock moved against you -10% that option would lose
> (give or take) $300-$500 in value.



The Traders Perspective

If you look at buying Apple from the idea that this is an investment then don’t
use DITM. Buy the shares, hold the shares, and do as you will.

My view: I like to maximize portfolios and leverage capital WITHOUT extra risk.

A DITM call like this does just that by allowing you to replace owning the
shares with less capital outlay and less portfolio risk while giving you
leverage.

I am trading the move, not investing in it.

 * So if that call moves +30% for me or +$858 that is a great trade. ($2,860 X
   .30% = $858)

 * If the stock example moves +10% for me I would make $1,795 - also a great
   trade.

So it comes down to a few things:

 1. Do you care about overall portfolio risk? If not, buy the shares.

 2. Do you want to control the downside risk? If so buy the DITM option

Risk management for me is more important than the actual dollar return and if
you watch that Webinar above you’ll understand further about risk-adjusted
returns.



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. EXAMPLE TWO BENEFIT: SHORT SELLING/BETTING AGAINST PRICE FALLING


Assume you want to bet on a long-term thesis that something will trade lower.
For a real-life example, is housing stocks as of recent.

A year ago, Carvana was short - and part of my $1,000,000 trade was using DITM
options to express part of that view.

When shorting a stock with the actual shares you encounter:

 1. Borrow fees (sometimes high)

 2. Portfolio risk because the stock can be squeezed

 3. Margin

All of those are objective truths. What is subjective is whether those are bad
or good, that depends on who it is.

For a retail investor (again using the $100K account) it’s dangerous because you
put the portfolio at risk.

This is where a DITM Put can come into play.



30 DAY TRIAL HERE



That’s XHB - a home builder ETF and a current example that I have a short on and
some of that short is with DITM Puts.

The ETF is down from the start of September to about -10%.

The January 85 strike put which was trading at $4.55-$6.00 near that time is
trading at $10.00-$12.00 at the time of this post.



Shorting the ETF v. Buying the DITM Put

> Shorting the ETF would at $85 would cost you $8,500 + any margin required to
> hold that position.
> 
> So again, on a $100,000 portfolio that’s only 8.5% of total portfolio capital.
> 
> That is neither good nor bad - this is subjective opinion on portfolio risk.
> 
> Buying the DITM Put -
> 
> Assume you bought 3 of the DITM puts at $6.00 for a total cost of $1,800.
> 
> Your max loss is $1,800 (again without a stop).
> 
> But this idea worked so say you sold at current price of $10.50 for a gain of
> +$4.50 per contract.
> 
> That total gain is $1,350. That is a $1,350 gain with capital outlay of
> $1,800.
> 
> That translates to 1.8% of the portfolio v. 8.5% of the portfolio.
> 
> So risk-adjusted, which is the better trade?
> 
> Objectively, the DITM put trade.



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. FINAL NOTES


Let’s summarize this quickly.

 * DITM options reduce portfolio risk (subjective opinion)

 * DITM options allow you to bet on prices dropping lower with puts

 * DITM options allow you to express a long-term view without the volatility of
   buying the actual stock/etf

 * DITM options allow you to maximize the portfolio with leverage that does not
   require margin or the risk of naked call selling or other dangerous
   strategies

There is a framework that goes into using them and not every situation/stock
requires them.

For me, the idea needs to be 1-6 months estimated time.

They usually enhance my returns - for example, on Carvana being short the shares
and puts helped to increase the RoR.

I hope this primer helped if there are questions or clarifications needed please
comment below.

The intention is to create a PDF primer that might go into more detail.

Dan

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my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.


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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This article is presented for informational purposes only, is an opinion, is not
intended to recommend any investment, and is not an offer to sell or the
solicitation of an offer to purchase an interest in any current or future
investments. Any such solicitation of an offer to purchase interest will be made
by a definitive private placement memorandum or other offering documents.






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Dan Bustamante
Oct 9Author

Please comment here if you need clarification or want me to expand on anything
not covered!

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