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Home > Catholic Encyclopedia > A > Giacomo Antonelli


GIACOMO ANTONELLI

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Cardinal; Secretary of State to Pius IX, b. at Sonnino, in the Papal States, 2
April 1806; d. in Rome, 6 November, 1876. Of well-to-do parents later ennobled
by Gregory XVI, he made his preliminary studies at the Roman Seminary and took
up the law course at the Sapienza, obtaining the degree of Doctor of both Laws
in his twenty-first year. On entering the diplomatic service of the Holy See he
was appointed by Gregory XVI successively secular prelate (1830), referendary of
the superior law court, assessor of the criminal tribunal, delegate to Orvieto,
Viterbo, and Macerata, canon of St. Peter's (made deacon, 1840). In 1841 he was
made Minister of the Interior and in 1845 Treasurer of the Apostolic Camera.
Pius IX on his accession to the pontifical throne (1846) made him cardinal with
the diaconal title of St. Agatha alla Suburra (1847), and later the title of St.
Maria in Viâ latâ. The Pope created him in turn Minister of Finance in the first
ministerial council; president of the newly-organized Council of State; member
of the ecclesiastical commission for civil reform (February, 1848), and premier
of his first constitutional ministry (10 March, 1848), in which there was a
preponderance of the lay element. Resigning this office (3 May, 1848) to Count
Mamiani, who organized a new liberal ministry, Antonelli became Prefect of
Sacred Palaces, and after the death of Rossi arranged the flight of the Pope to
Gaeta, where he was made Secretary of State and conducted the negotiations for
the restoration of papal rule. Returning to Rome with the Pope (12 April, 1850),
he retained the reins of power which he held until his death, twenty-seven years
later. His life during this period is inextricably bound up with the history of
the reign of Pius IX. Until 1870 he was practically the temporal ruler of Rome,
being charged by Pius IX with the care of public interests, that the Pontiff
might devote himself more exclusively to his spiritual duties. It is impossible
as yet to form a just estimate of the works of Antonelli, or to reconcile the
extravagant praise of his admirers with the vituperations of his enemies. It
must be said that he defended vigorously the rights of the Holy See, won the
respect of princes and statesmen for his diplomatic ability, and showed himself
fearless, braving alike public opinion and private jealousy. In extenuation of
the charge that his aim was to a large extent personal aggrandizement, it must
be recalled that he was a statesman rather than a prelate, and that he was not a
priest, although most assiduous in the discharge of his religious duties.


SOURCES

DE WAAL in Kirchenlex.


ABOUT THIS PAGE

APA citation. Rudge, F.M. (1907). Giacomo Antonelli. In The Catholic
Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01583d.htm

MLA citation. Rudge, F.M. "Giacomo Antonelli." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol.
1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907.
<http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01583d.htm>.

Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by John Fobian. In
honor of 99th Men's Cursillo of Arlington, Va.

Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. March 1, 1907. Remy Lafort, S.T.D.,
Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.

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