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WELCOME TO PHILARCHIVE!

PhilArchive is the largest open access e-print archive in philosophy. Formerly
known as the PhilPapers Archive, it is built on and integrated with the
PhilPapers database. Access to items on PhilArchive is free without a user
account. PhilArchive is a non-profit project supported by the PhilPapers
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topics.

PhilArchive is developed and operated by the Centre for Digital Philosophy at
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1. 2023-12-02
The Doctrine of Exemplarism: A Symbolic Attempt to Escape the Pelagian
Heresy.Liran Shia Gordon - 2023 - Religions 14 (12):1494-1505.details
Heresies are intrinsically intertwined with the evolution and inner growth
of the very religions that denounce them. They serve as theological
junctures, challenging and thus refining the orthodoxy of religious
beliefs. The Pelagian heresy touches on one of the central tenets of
Christian theology: the question of salvation. Pelagianism posits that
human beings retain freedom of the will and, more specifically, the
capacity to earn salvation through their own merits rather than relying
solely on the grace of God in Christ. (...) This stands in contrast to the
predominant Christian view that Original Sin fundamentally impaired man’s
will and intellect. A central tenet of Christianity is that through His
suffering and death on the Cross, Christ atoned for humanity’s Original Sin
and paved the way for our redemption. But what exactly made this redemption
possible through the suffering and death on the Cross? Unlike many of the
answers offered, Abelard’s explanation, also referred to as exemplarism,
resonates with modern sensibilities: Christ set an example to imitate, and
through this imitation, man learns humility and love. However, this stance
faced criticism and was condemned by Bernard of Clairvaux as having
Pelagian tendencies because it suggests that Christ’s redemptive work might
not inherently require Christ’s divine nature. This study will attempt to
defend the exemplaristic approach while ensuring Christ’s essential role
and addressing criticisms against the Pelagian heresy. This discussion is
further enriched by an examination of the Eucharist, illuminating the
theological tension between symbolic and realistic interpretations of
religious rites. (shrink)
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2. 2023-12-02
A plea for epistemic ontologies.Gilles Kassel - forthcoming - Applied
ontology.details
In this article, we advocate the use of “epistemic” ontologies, i.e.
systems of categories representing our knowledge of the world, rather than
the world directly. We first expose a metaphysical framework based on a
dual mental and physical realism, which underpins the development of these
epistemic ontologies. To this end, we refer to the theories of
intentionality and representation established within the school of Franz
Brentano at the turn of the 20th century and choose to rehabilitate the
notion of a (...) ‘representation object’, as theorized by Kasimir
Twardowski. We therefore propose that the categories of epistemic
ontologies correspond to ‘general representation objects’. Secondly, we
apply these proposals to the treatment of technical artefacts, material
qualities of objects and events (notably as a continuation of our previous
work on events). This leads us to sketch out a foundational epistemic
ontology. (shrink)
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3. 2023-12-02
The Logic of Sir William Hamilton: Tunnelling Through Sand to Place the
Keystone in the Aristotelic Arch.Ralph Jessop & Dov M. Gabbay (eds.) -
2008details
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4. 2023-12-02
Inquiry Beyond Knowledge.Bob Beddor - forthcoming - Philosophy and
Phenomenological Research.details
Why engage in inquiry? According to many philosophers, the goal of
inquiring into some question is to come to know its answer. While this view
holds considerable appeal, this paper argues that it stands in tension with
another highly attractive thesis: knowledge does not require absolute
certainty. Forced to choose between these two theses, I argue that we
should reject the idea that inquiry aims at knowledge. I go on to develop
an alternative view, according to which inquiry aims at (...) maximizing
the epistemic value of our credences. This alternative view makes room for
knowledge that falls shy of certainty, and it coheres nicely with a rich
body of work in epistemic decision theory. I proceed to highlight the
implications of this replacement for some important topics in epistemology,
including the dogmatism paradox, the nature of interrogative attitudes, and
the norm of practical reasoning. (shrink)
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5. 2023-12-02
African Socialism in Retrospect: Karim Hirji’s "The Travails of a Tanzanian
Teacher".Zeyad El Nabolsy - 2022 - In Louis Allday & Mahmoud Najib (eds.),
Liberated Texted, Collected Reviews: Volume One. Oxford: Ebb Books. pp. 223
- 234.details
Hirji’s book, somewhat overlooked since its release, offers a compelling
analysis of the history and sociology of the sciences in Tanzania, with a
focus on Hirji’s own field of statistics, from the post-independence period
through to the 2010s. The first chapter provides an overview of Hirji’s
career as a teacher. The second presents an account of Hirji’s experiences
as a teacher under training, especially in light of the Arusha Declaration
of 1967 and the turn towards building socialism in Tanzania, and (...) the
philosophy of education for self-reliance that Nyerere attempted to
institutionalize. The next four chapters provide a detailed account of
Hirji’s years as a teacher at the University of Dar Es Salaam (UDSM) from
1971 until his dismissal and internal-exile in 1974. (shrink)
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6. 2023-12-02
Third Party Duty of Justice.Kumie Hattori - 2023 - Archiv für Rechts- und
Sozialphilosophie 9999 (9999):1-25.details
This paper explores the theoretical basis of the third party’s duty of
justice as to grave human rights violations, presenting role obligations as
the best complement to the literature. It begins with discussions on agents
of justice in duty-based theories, notably O’Neill’s account on global
justice, and rights-based theories, which are both included in the
institution-centred perspective. I claim that these studies have failed to
consider an individual duty bearer’s motive, autonomous reasoning and
integrity in relation to justice, all of (...) which constitute serious
lacunae for the effective accomplishment of responsibility. To supplement,
I introduce the distinction between responsibility and commitment, and
acknowledge that combining the two is the desirable condition for
recognising the duty of justice. Finally, I argue that the role obligations
undertaken through personal acceptance of an institution-based role or a
commitment-based role related to human rights norms adequately explain
third parties’ duty to protect others from serious harm. (shrink)
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7. 2023-12-02
From the Collective Obligations of Social Movements to the Individual
Obligations of Their Members.Paul-Mikhail Catapang Podosky & William
Tuckwell - forthcoming - In Säde Hormio & Bill Wringe (eds.), Collective
Responsibility: Perspectives on Political Philosophy from Social Ontology.
Springer.details
This paper explores the implications of Zeynep Tufekci’s capacities
approach to social movements, which explains the strength of social
movements in terms of their capacities. Tufekci emphasises that the
capacities of contemporary social movements largely depend upon their uses
of new digital technologies, and of social media in particular. We show
that Tufekci’s approach has important implications for the structure of
social movements, whether and what obligations they can have, and for how
these obligations distribute to their members. In exploring (...) these
implications, we develop a tripartite taxonomy of social movements. Each
type of social movement in the taxonomy corresponds to a different type of
group: social campaigns, social struggles, and social agitations. We show
that all three types of social movement can bear obligations in virtue of
their capacities. Finally, we argue that a surprising upshot of the
obligations of social movements is that members of oppressed groups can
have obligations to resist their own oppression in virtue of being members
of social movements. (shrink)
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8. 2023-12-01
Making Fair Comparisons in Political Theory.Sean Ingham & David Wiens -
forthcoming - American Journal of Political Science.details
Normative political theorists frequently compare hypothetical scenarios for
the purpose of identifying reasons to prefer one kind of institution to
alternatives. We examine three types of "unfair" comparisons and the
reasoning errors associated with each. A theorist makes an _obscure
comparison_ when one (or more) of the alternatives under consideration is
underspecified; a theorist makes a _mismatched comparison_ when they fail
to hold fixed the relevant contextual factors while comparing alternatives;
and a theorist makes an _irrelevant comparison_ when they compare (...)
alternatives assuming contextual factors that differ in important respects
from those they "should" assume given their theoretical aims. We then
introduce the notion of a modeling mindset and show how this mindset can
help theorists detect and avoid the three types of error. We conclude with
a reconstruction of Cohen's (2009) camping trip thought experiment to
illustrate the approach. (shrink)
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9. 2023-12-01
The Reciprocal of The Butterfly Theorem.Ion Pătrașcu & Florentin
Smarandache - unknowndetails
In this paper, we present two proofs of the reciprocal butterfly theorem.
The statement of the butterfly theorem is: Let us consider a chord PQ of
midpoint M in the circle Ω(O). Through M, two other chords AB and CD are
drawn, such that A and C are on the same side of PQ. We denote by X and U
the intersection of AD respectively CB with PQ. Consequently, XM = YM. For
the proof of this theorem, see [1]. The (...) reciprocal of the butterfly
theorem has the following statement: In the circle Ω(O), let us consider
the chords PQ, AB and CD which are concurrent in the point M≠O, such as the
points A and C are on the same side of the line PQ. Let X and Y
respectively be the intersections of the chord PQ with AD and BC
respectively. If XM = YM, then M is the middle of the chord PQ. (shrink)
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10. 2023-12-01
Solar Power Plant Location Selection Problem by using ELECTRE-III Method in
Pythagorean Neutrosophic Programming Approach (A case study on Green Energy
in India).Rajesh Kumar Saini, Ashik Ahirwar Ahirwa & Florentin Smarandache
- unknowndetails
India dropped its target of 500 GW of renewable energy capacity fossil fuel
sources by 2030. Its responsibilities the United Nations Framework
Convention Climate Change [UNFCCC],and reducing radiations by one billion
tonnes by the end of the decade at the COP26 conference, held in Glasgow in
November 2022. Researchers are continually searching for inexhaustible and
reasonable energy sources. Solar energy is one of the greenest sources of
energy and is also one of the cleanest. The most important factor in using
(...) solar energy is the location of the solar power plant. The main
objective of this study is to find the best location for a new solar power
plant in a specific region called Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh in
India. Here we offer an extension of ELECTRE III method as two-phase
Pythagorean neutrosophic elimination and choice translating reality
PN-ELECTRE-III) method to adapt with fuzzy, ambiguous, unsure, and
indeterminate criteria. The Pythagorean neutrosophic numbers [PNNs] used by
the group decision support system of PN-ELECTRE III to measure performance
of the alternatives. The options are entirely outclassed in the subsequent
stage in view of the past stage's evaluations of them. By defining PNN we
describe the technique of indifference threshold functions, preference
treshold and veto threshold functions, which provide a more stable basis to
drop outranking relations. By calculating the concordance credibility,
discordance credibility and net credibility degrees of each alternative,
the ranking module of the PN-ELECTRE III approach is made simpler. In order
to confirm the applicability of the strategy suggested in this paper, the
location selection problem for solar plants is finaly solved. (shrink)
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11. 2023-12-01
Robot carers, ethics, and older people.Tom Sorell & Heather Draper - 2014 -
Ethics and Information Technology 16 (3):183-195.details
This paper offers an ethical framework for the development of robots as
home companions that are intended to address the isolation and reduced
physical functioning of frail older people with capacity, especially those
living alone in a noninstitutional setting. Our ethical framework gives
autonomy priority in a list of purposes served by assistive technology in
general, and carebots in particular. It first introduces the notion of
“presence” and draws a distinction between humanoid multi-function robots
and non-humanoid robots to suggest that (...) the former provide a more
sophisticated presence than the latter. It then looks at the difference
between lower-tech assistive technological support for older people and its
benefits, and contrasts these with what robots can offer. This provides
some context for the ethical assessment of robotic assistive technology. We
then consider what might need to be added to presence to produce care from
a companion robot that deals with older people’s reduced functioning and
isolation. Finally, we outline and explain our ethical framework. We
discuss how it combines sometimes conflicting values that the design of a
carebot might incorporate, if informed by an analysis of the different
roles that can be served by a companion robot. (shrink)
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12. 2023-12-01
The relationship between concerns of local issues and water conservation
behaviors: Insights from Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.Minh-Phuong Thi
Duong, Dan Li, Minh-Hoang Nguyen & Quan-Hoang Vuong - manuscriptdetails
With growing global concerns about water scarcity and environmental
sustainability, understanding the factors influencing individual water
conservation behaviors is crucial. This study utilizes the Bayesian
Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics to investigate the relationship
between concerns of local issues and water conservation behaviors in a
sample of 1831 residents in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. New Mexico is an
arid region of which 90% faced severe drought driven by the most
significant wildfire in state history and some of the driest months ever
(...) recorded in 2022. The results show a positive association between the
drought or water scarcity concern and the number of water conservation
behaviors adopted. Likewise, the positive association between the concern
about population growth and development and water conservation behaviors is
also observed. However, further examination is needed due to the weak
reliability of this relationship. In contrast, negative associations
between concerns about water quality and water bills with water
conservation behaviors are also identified. Based on these findings, the
study discusses the potential of building the eco-surplus culture by
improving information dissemination of water-saving methods and existing
water-related issues in the local areas. (shrink)
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13. 2023-12-01
What the foundationalist filter kept out.Alexander Paseau - 2005 - Studies
in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 36 (1):191-201.details
From title to back cover, a polemic runs through David Corfield's "Towards
a Philosophy of Real Mathematics". Corfield repeatedly complains that
philosophers of mathematics have ignored the interesting and important
mathematical developments of the past seventy years, ‘filtering’ the
details of mathematical practice out of philosophical discussion. His aim
is to remedy the discipline’s long-sightedness and, by precept and example,
to redirect philosophical attention towards current developments in
mathematics. This review discusses some strands of Corfield’s philosophy of
real mathematics and (...) briefly assesses some of his objections to
orthodox philosophy of mathematics. (shrink)
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14. 2023-12-01
The Ethics and Epistemology of Deepfakes.Taylor Matthews & Ian James Kidd -
forthcoming - In Carl Fox & Joe Saunders (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of
Philosophy and Media Ethics. pp. 342-354.details
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15. 2023-12-01
Of the perfect and the ordinary: Indistinguishability and
hallucination.Shivam Patel - forthcoming - The Philosophical
Quarterly.details
The claim that perfect hallucination is introspectively indistinguishable
from perception has been a centrepiece of philosophical theorizing about
sense experience. The most common interpretation of the
indistinguishability claim is modal: that it is impossible to distinguish
perfect hallucination from perception through introspection alone. I run
through various models of introspection and show that none of them can
accommodate the modal interpretation. Rejecting the modal interpretation
opens up two alternative interpretations of the indistinguishability claim.
According to the generic interpretation, hallucination is (...)
indistinguishable from perception despite the existence of possible
exceptions, while according to the actuality interpretation, the
indistinguishability of hallucination from perception consists in the
actual failure to distinguish hallucination from perception. These
alternative understandings of the indistinguishability claim have a number
of significant implications for the problem of perception, including the
rejection of perfect hallucination and illusion in favour of our ordinary,
non-philosophical concepts of these states. (shrink)
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16. 2023-12-01
Advancing the debate on the consequences of misinformation: clarifying why
it’s not (just) about false beliefs.Maarten van Doorn - 2023 - Inquiry: An
Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 1.details
The debate on whether and why misinformation is bad primarily focuses on
the spread of false beliefs as its main harm. From the assumption that
misinformation primarily causes harm through the spread of false beliefs as
a starting point, it has been contended that the problem of misinformation
has been exaggerated. Its tendency to generate false beliefs appears to be
limited. However, the near-exclusive focus on whether or not misinformation
dupes people with false beliefs neglects other epistemic harms associated
with (...) it. Specifically, I show that misinformation also causes trouble
for the epistemic goods of truth attainment, intellectual autonomy and
debate pluriformity. Moreover, for each of these goods, I argue that
emphasizing error-avoidance exacerbates, rather than mitigates, the harms
caused by misinformation. These oversights and dilemmas show that
prioritizing error-avoidance in the fight against misinformation is not a
neutral default policy or necessarily a net positive. A shift in focus away
from the spread of false beliefs as the main harm of misinformation is
needed to better understand and counter its negative effects. (shrink)
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17. 2023-12-01
Virtual properties: problems and prospects.Alexandre Declos - forthcoming -
Erkenntnis.details
According to David Chalmers, the virtual entities found in Virtual Reality
(VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) environments instantiate virtual properties
of a specific kind. It has recently been objected that such a view (i)
can’t extend to all types of properties; (ii) leads to a proliferation of
property-types; (iii) implausibly ascribes massive errors to VR and AR
users; and (iv) faces an analogue of Jackson’s “many-property problem”. My
first objective here is to show that advocates of virtual properties can
deal (...) with each of these objections. The other goal of this paper is
to examine the consequences of Chalmers’ theory in the particular case of
AR. If we countenance virtual properties, AR highlights that non-virtual
objects can possess both non-virtual and virtual properties. With AR, it
also appears that a same non-virtual object can have different and even
incompatible properties across augmented environments. Lastly, considering
properties in light of AR highlights the risk of an “augmented solipsism”,
and calls forth interesting questions about the persistence conditions of
non-virtual objects in AR environments. (shrink)
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18. 2023-12-01
Virtue.Silvia Caprioglio Panizza & Mark Hopwood (eds.) - 2022 - London:
Routledge.details
Was Iris Murdoch a virtue ethicist? At first sight, it would appear that
she was not. She does not offer an explicit definition of account of the
term ‘virtue’, and there are significant differences between her views and
those of standard Aristotelian virtue ethicists. There is no reason,
however, to think that the standard Aristotelian view represents the only
legitimate form of virtue ethics. In this chapter, I begin by recalling (in
section 1) the main commonalities between Murdoch’s criticisms of (...) the
prevailing moral theories of her time and those of other first-wave
virtue-ethicists. I then highlight (in section 2) some cornerstones of
Murdoch’s peculiar approach to morality, which represent the background
against which her account of virtue is developed, and I propose to trace
these cornerstones back to a more diverse range of influences than the
standard version of Aristotelianism. In section 3, I sketch the basics of
Murdoch’s account of virtue, and I argue that there are at least three
routes to vindicate it as a genuine virtue-ethical approach: the Buddhist,
the Kantian and the Socratic-Aristotelian. I explore each of these routes
in turn in sections 4, 5, and 6. In conclusion, I argue that the
virtue-ethical field would benefit a great deal from the kind of
pluralistic account of virtue that Murdoch offers. (shrink)
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19. 2023-12-01
The Dark Side of the Exceptional: On Moral Exemplars, Character Education,
and Negative Emotions.Maria Silvia Vaccarezza & Ariele Niccoli - 2019 -
Journal of Moral Education 48 (3):332-345.details
This paper focuses on negative exemplarity-related emotions (NEREs) and on
their educational implications. In this paper, we will first argue for the
nonexpendability of negative emotions broadly conceived (section 2) by
defending their instrumental and intrinsic role in a good and flourishing
life. In section 3, we will make the claim more specific by focusing on the
narrower domain of NEREs and argue for their moral and educational
significance by evaluating whether they fit the arguments provided in the
previous section. (...) In section 4, we will propose three educational
strategies to foster NEREs’ positive moral role. In conclusion, we will
point out that an exemplarist approach to character education would greatly
benefit from a more fine-grained account of the emotions involved in the
educational process and from a broader perspective on which of these
emotions should be taken as valuable for educational purposes. (shrink)
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20. 2023-12-01
Ergon and Practical Reason. Anscombe’s Legacy and Natural Normativity.Maria
Silvia Vaccarezza - 2023 - Acta Philosophica 32 (2):400-406.details
One of Elizabeth Anscombe’s most decisive legacies is the rejection of
modern legalistic morality, in the name of a rescue of
Aristotelian-inspired natural normativity. However, as I will argue in this
contribution, this legacy does not seem to have been fully collected,
neither by those who, like Philippa Foot, are explicitly inspired by
Anscombe’s work, nor by those who, while apparently opposing its
assumptions, have also somehow recovered it by different routes, as
emblematically does Christine Korsgaard in her constitutivist proposal.
(...) In more detail, I aim to explore the relationship between teleology
and normativity at the crossroads between neo-Aristotelian naturalism and
constitutivism: both theories, though opposed, rest normativity on a link
between function (the Aristotelian ergon) and practical reason and fail
precisely in declining this relationship convincingly. (shrink)
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21. 2023-12-01
Truth Dependence Against Transparent Truth.Susanna Melkonian-Altshuler -
forthcoming - Asian Journal of Philosophy.details
Beall’s (e.g., 2009, 2021) transparency theory of truth is recognized as a
prominent, deflationist solution to the liar paradox. However, it has been
neglected by truth theorists who have attempted to show that a deflationist
theory of truth can (or cannot) account for truth dependence, i.e., the
claim that the truth of a proposition depends on how things described by
the proposition are, but how these things are doesn’t depend on the truth
of the proposition. Truth theorists interested in truth (...) dependence
have, instead, been focused on Horwich’s Minimalism (e.g., 1998). The goal
of this paper is twofold. First, I construct what versions of the
transparency theory would say about truth dependence. Second, I argue that
even the best version of transparent truth ultimately fails to account for
truth dependence. On the assumption that accounting for truth dependence is
an adequacy condition on any theory of truth, the paper rejects
transparency theory as an adequate theory of truth. (shrink)
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22. 2023-12-01
Facts of identity.M. J. García-Encinas - forthcoming - Inquiry: An
Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy.details
In The Philosophy of Logical Atomism Russell held the view that facts in
the world are formally structured complexes, the structure of which matches
the logical structure of correspondent propositions. Russell also seems to
have denied that there are facts of identity and of diversity. This paper
argues that Identity and Diversity can be understood as purely formal
structures in Russellian facts. It considers Russell’s possible reasons for
denying the existence of facts of identity and diversity and shows how
problematic (...) these reasons are. In particular, I argue that identity
statements are not tautologies, and their denial does not result into a
contradiction. An important consequence of this thesis is that Metaphysics
and Logic are not as tied up as Russell took them to be, but nevertheless
these are good news for the old formal program for Metaphysics that lies at
the very heart of what he called philosophical logic. (shrink)
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23. 2023-12-01
The Responsibility to Protect from Terror: The Ethics of Foreign
Counter-terrorist Interventions.Isaac Taylor - 2022 - Global Responsibility
to Protect 14 (2):155-177.details
The use of military force abroad is a significant part of some states’
counter-terrorist efforts. Can these operations be ethically justified?
This paper considers whether the underlying principles that philosophers
have put forward to justify humanitarian interventions (which may underlie
the international norm of the responsibility to protect (R2P)) can also
give support for foreign counter-terrorist interventions of this sort.
While it finds that the limits to international action that are imposed by
the need to respect state sovereignty do not (...) rule out
counter-terrorist interventions, it urges caution in supporting an
international norm permitting them. Because such a norm would be open to
manipulation and abuse, it may be preferable to discourage appealing to it
in order to justify military counter-terrorism. (shrink)
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24. 2023-12-01
The Ethics of Conceptualization: A Needs-Based Approach.Matthieu Queloz -
forthcoming - Oxford: Oxford University Press.details
Philosophy strives to give us a firmer hold on our concepts. But what about
their hold on us? Why place ourselves under the sway of a concept and grant
it the authority to shape our thought and conduct? Another
conceptualization would carry different implications. What makes one way of
thinking better than another? This book develops a framework for concept
appraisal. Its guiding idea is that questioning the authority of concepts
asks for reasons of a special kind: reasons for concept (...) use, which
tell us which concepts to adopt, adhere to, or abandon, thereby shoring
up—or undercutting—the reasons for action and belief that guide our
deliberations. Traditionally, reasons for concept use have been sought
either in timeless rational foundations or in concepts’ inherent virtues,
such as precision and consistency. Against this, the book advances two main
claims: that we find reasons for concept use in the conceptual needs we
discover when we critically distance ourselves from a concept by viewing it
from the autoethnographic stance; and that sometimes, concepts that
conflict, or exhibit other vices such as vagueness or superficiality, are
just what we need. By considering not what concepts are absolutely best,
but what concepts we now need, we can reconcile ourselves to the
contingency of our concepts, determine the proper place of efforts to tidy
up thought, and adjudicate between competing ways of understanding
contested notions like liberty or free will. A needs-based approach
separates helpful clarification from hobbling tidy-mindedness, and
authoritative definition from conceptual gerrymandering. (shrink)
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25. 2023-11-30
How to Think about Zeugmatic Oddness.Michelle Liu - forthcoming - Review of
Philosophy and Psychology.details
Zeugmatic oddness is a linguistic intuition of oddness with respect to an
instance of zeugma, i.e. a sentence containing an instance of a homonymous
or polysemous word being used in different meanings or senses
simultaneously. Zeugmatic oddness is important for philosophical debates as
philosophers often use it to argue that a particular philosophically
interesting expression is ambiguous and that the phenomenon referred to by
the expression is disunified. This paper takes a closer look at zeugmatic
oddness. Focusing on relevant psycholinguistic (...) literature on homonymy
and polysemy processing and representation, I argue that there are two
different ways in which zeugmatic oddness can arise. Philosophical upshots
concerning zeugmatic oddness are then drawn. (shrink)
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26. 2023-11-30
New Populism, New Conspiracism, and the Old Rhetoric of Purity.Chris A.
Kramer - 2023 - Encyclopedia of New Populism and Responses in the 21St
Century.details
This entry investigates the connections between neo-populism and
neo-conspiracism in the USA. One central thread is the rhetoric of purity
that fosters rigid dichotomies of thought about identities, contributing to
both populism and conspiracism, eliciting a neologism: conspirapopulism.
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27. 2023-11-30
Collective Agency: From Philosophical and Logical Perspectives.Yiyan Wang -
2023 - Dissertation, University of Amsterdamdetails
People inhabit a vast and intricate social network nowadays. In addition to
our own decisions and actions, we confront those of various groups every
day. Collective decisions and actions are more complex and bewildering
compared to those made by individuals. As members of a collective, we
contribute to its decisions, but our contributions may not always align
with the outcome. We may also find ourselves excluded from certain groups
and passively subjected to their influences without being aware of the
source. (...) We are used to being in overlapping groups and may switch
identities, supporting or opposing the claims of particular groups. But
rarely do we pause to think: What do we talk about when we talk about
groups and their decisions? At the heart of this dissertation is the
question of collective agency, i.e., in what sense can we treat a group as
a rational agent capable of its action. There are two perspectives we take:
a philosophical and logical one. The philosophical perspective mainly
discusses the ontological and epistemological issues related to collective
agency, sorts out the relevant philosophical history, and argues that the
combination of a relational view of collective agency and a dispositional
view of collective intentionality provides a rational and realistic
account. The logical perspective is associated with formal theories of
groups, it disregards the psychological content involved in the
philosophical perspective, establishes a logical system that is
sufficiently formal and objective, and axiomatizes the nature of a
collective. The first topic that is addressed is the ontology of collective
agency, i.e., the question what exactly is collective agency. The
philosophical discussion of collective agency centres around the reduction
problem of the concept of a collective. Individualism and Cartesian
internalism have long influenced orthodox theories and made them face the
choice between an irreducible concept of a collective and ontological
reductionism. Heterodox theories such as functionalism and
interpretationism reinterpret the concept of agency and accept it as also
realized on the level of a collective. To adequately explain social
phenomena that are essentially relational in nature, we propose a
relational, holistic account of collective agency and argue that
functionalism and interpretationism can be integrated into such an account.
While acknowledging the irreducibility of the concept of a collective, we
find that there is a deep incompatibility between the concept of a
collective and the concept of intentionality as the mark of the mental. To
explain how collective intentionality nevertheless is possible and why we
tend to use it analogously to how we use the concept of individual
intentionality, we explore a dispositional account of intentionality which
enables us to give an account of the concept of intentionality at both the
individual and collective level. Specifically, we subdivide the
dispositional account into three aspects: behavioral, purely mental, and
cognitive. We then argue that collective intentionality is real by
analyzing different forms of attributive judgments of intentionality and by
introducing the perspective of indispensable collective responsibility. We
also analyze how philosophical theories about collective agency relate to
central features of formal theories about collective decisions, such as
game theory. Although the two fields are both concerned with collectives,
there are also differences that need to be addressed. For example, game
theory is clearly anti-psychologistic since its aim is a formal and
objective analysis. However, from the relational and dispositional
perspective, intentionality at the individual level and collective
intentionality as we analyze it, inevitably involve mental content. In
order to explain this difference and identify where the boundary is, we
analyze the relationships between the three basic concepts involved, namely
intentionality, preference, and dependency, so as to provide a unified
picture of collective theory across philosophical and formal theories.
After paving the nexus between philosophical and formal perspectives, the
logical perspective becomes the theme of our discussion. To be able to
express game theoretical concepts and to connect them to our philosophical
perspective, We present a logic of preference and functional dependence and
its hybrid extension, and provide an axiomatization which is sound and
strongly complete. The decidability of this logic is also proved. Its
application to modeling non-cooperative and cooperative games in strategic
form is explored. The resulting framework provides a unified view of Nash
equilibrium, Pareto optimality, and the core. The philosophical relevance
of these game-theoretical notions to discussions of collective agency is
made explicit. Finally, we conclude and clarify the position of our theory
in the broader field of research on the topics addressed in the thesis.
Also, we point out many new questions and directions suggested by our
analysis, including philosophical and logical open problems. (shrink)
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28. 2023-11-30
Prenatal Injury.Samuel J. M. Kahn - forthcoming - Res Philosophica.details
In this article, I confront Flanigan’s recent attempt to show, not merely
that women have a right to commit prenatal injury, but also that women who
act on this right are praiseworthy and should not be criticized for this
injury. I show that Flanigan’s arguments do not work, and I establish
presumptive grounds against any such right, namely: prenatal injury, by
definition, involves intentional or negligent harm and, as such, may be
subsumed under a wider class of actions that are (...) presumptively wrong.
(shrink)
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29. 2023-11-30
Wondering and Epistemic Desires.Richard Teague - forthcoming -
Philosophical Quarterly.details
This paper explores the relationship between the questioning attitude of
wondering and a class of attitudes I call 'epistemic desires'. Broadly,
these are desires to improve one's epistemic position on some question. A
common example is the attitude of wanting to know the answer to some
question. I argue that one can have any kind of epistemic desire towards
any question, Q, without necessarily wondering Q, but not conversely. That
is, one cannot wonder Q without having at least some epistemic (...) desire
directed towards Q. I defend this latter claim from apparent
counterexamples due to Friedman (2013) and Drucker (2022), and finish with
a proposal on which epistemic desires, particularly the desire for
understanding, play an explanatory role in distinguishing wondering from
other forms of question-directed thought. (shrink)
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30. 2023-11-30
On Symmetries and Springs.Sebastián Murgueitio Ramírez - forthcoming -
Philosophy of Science.details
Imagine that we are on a train playing with some mechanical systems. Why
can’t we detect any differences in their behavior when the train is parked
versus when it is moving uniformly? The standard answer is that boosts are
symmetries of Newtonian systems. In this paper, I use the case of a spring
to argue that this answer is problematic because symmetries are neither
sufficient nor necessary for preserving its behavior. I also develop a new
answer according to which boosts (...) preserve the relational properties
on which the behavior of a system depends, even when they are not
symmetries. (shrink)
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31. 2023-11-30
Repeating her autonomy: Beauvoir, Kierkegaard, and women's liberation.Dana
Rognlie - 2023 - Hypatia 38 (3):1-22.details
In The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir diagnoses “woman” as the “lost sex,”
torn between her individual autonomy and her “feminine destiny.” Becoming a
“real woman” in patriarchal societies demands that women lose their
authentic, autonomous selves to become the “inessential Other” for Man. To
better understand this diagnosis and how women might refind themselves, I
rehabilitate the influence of Søren Kierkegaard and his concept of
repetition as what must be lost to be found again in Beauvoir’s account of
freedom (...) and, specifically, the liberation of women. Beauvoir offers a
dual account of repetition, that of mundane repetition and sacrificial
repetition, bringing them to bear both on her diagnosis of women’s
oppression and her theorization of our liberation. Sacrificial repetition
becomes a temporality for freedom—one must be able to repeat or retake
their autonomy continuously toward an open future. For this to happen
concretely, Beauvoir insists that we must sacrifice the (racist, classist)
patriarchal ideals of the “real woman” and “real man” as we retake our
autonomy and reconfigure the meaning of sex difference anew. (shrink)
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32. 2023-11-30
Common Ground Between Social Ontology, Conceptual Engineering, and
Conceptual Ethics.Jared Oliphint - 2023 - Journal of Social Ontology 9
(1).details
Social objects have become common subjects of interest to both social
ontologists and conceptual engineers, but up to this point much of the
philosophical work from these two fields has surprisingly been done in
isolation from each field. I show how these prolific research fields—social
ontology, conceptual engineering, and conceptual ethics—can mutually
benefit each other through a unifying model I propose called the 2D-CE
model that shows the dependence relations between a given concept, its
instantiation conditions, and whatever language represents (...) such
devices. This model combines a model from social ontology with insights
from conceptual engineering and conceptual ethics into a powerful
metaphilosophical tool that highlights the role of social agents for
metaphysical and metalinguistic explanation. A major benefit of the model
is its utility for not only social philosophy, but for other areas of
research beyond the social world. (shrink)
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33. 2023-11-30
Remnants of Perception: Comments on Block and the Function of Visual
Working Memory.Jake Quilty-Dunn - forthcoming - Philosophy and
Phenomenological Research.details
This commentary critically examines the view of the relationship between
perception and memory in Ned Block's *The Border Between Seeing and
Thinking*. It argues that visual working memory often stores the outputs of
perception without altering their formats, allowing online visual
perception to access these memory representations in computations that
unfold over longer timescales and across eye movements. Since Block
concedes that visual working memory representations are not iconic, we
should not think of perceptual representations as exclusively iconic
either.
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34. 2023-11-30
Extreme beliefs and Echo chambers.Finlay Malcolm & Christopher Ranalli -
forthcoming - In Rik Peels & John Horgan (eds.), Mapping the Terrain of
Extreme Belief and Behavior. Oxford University Press.details
Are extreme beliefs constitutive of echo chambers, or only typically caused
by them? Or are many echo chambers unproblematic, amplifying relatively
benign beliefs? This paper details the conceptual relations between echo
chambers and extreme beliefs, showing how different conceptual
choice-points in how we understand both echo chambers and extreme beliefs
affects how we should evaluate, study, and engage with echo chambering
groups. We also explore how our theories of extreme beliefs and echo
chambers shape social scientific research and contribute in (...) a
practical way when treating these phenomena, focusing on examples of
climate change scepticism. (shrink)
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35. 2023-11-30
How should we ascribe the third stance?Luis Rosa - forthcoming - In
Alexandra Zinke & Verena Wagner (eds.), Suspension in Epistemology and
Beyond. Routledge.details
Epistemologists often describe subjects as being capable of adopting a
third kind of categorical doxastic stance regarding whether something is
the case, besides belief and disbelief. They deploy a variety of idioms in
order to ascribe that stance. In this paper, I flesh out the properties
that the third kind of categorical stance is supposed to have and start
searching for the best ways to ascribe it. The idioms ‘suspends judgment
about whether’ and ‘is agnostic about whether’, among others, are (...)
found to be unfit to play the desired role. In the end, I suggest that ‘is
in doubt as to whether’ is our best choice among the alternatives surveyed
here. (shrink)
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36. 2023-11-30
How Imagination Informs.Joshua Myers - forthcoming - Philosophical
Quarterly.details
An influential objection to the epistemic power of the imagination holds
that it is uninformative. You cannot get more out of the imagination than
you put into it, and therefore learning from the imagination is impossible.
This paper argues, against this view, that the imagination is robustly
informative. Moreover, it defends a novel account of how the imagination
informs, according to which the imagination is informative in virtue of its
analog representational format. The core idea is that analog
representations represent (...) relations ‘for free,’ and this explains how
the imagination can contain more information than is put into it. This
account makes important contributions to both philosophy of mind, by
showing how the imagination can generate new content that is not
represented by a subject’s antecedent mental states, and epistemology, by
showing how the imagination can generate new justification that is not
conferred by a subject’s antecedent evidence. (shrink)
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37. 2023-11-30
A Timid and Tepid Appropriation: Divine Presence, the Sensus Divinitatis,
and Phenomenal Conservativism.Timothy Perrine - forthcoming - Res
Philosophica.details
Plantinga develops an ambitious theistic religious epistemology on which
theists can have non-inferential knowledge of God. Central to his
epistemology is the idea that human beings have a “sensus divinitatis” that
produces such knowledge. Recently, several authors have urged an
appropriation of the sensus divinitatis that is more friendly to
internalist views, such as Phenomenal Conservativism. I argue that this
appropriation is too timid and tepid in a variety of ways. It applies only
to a small fraction of theistic beliefs; (...) it fails to play the
theological role Plantinga intended the sensus divinitatis to play; it
fails to imply that most theistic beliefs, most of the time, are justified;
when combined with a standard form of Evidentialism, it actually implies
that most theistic beliefs are, if justified, inferentially justified; and
it is consistent with substantive criticisms of theistic belief originating
in work from the Cognitive Science of Religion. (shrink)
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38. 2023-11-30
B is innocent.D. Gregory - 2001 - Analysis 61 (3):225-229.details
The paper replies to an earlier paper by Yannis Stephanou, who presented an
argument purportedly showing the falsity of certain instances of the
characteristic axiom of the modal logic B. The paper argues that the B
axiom was not to blame for the unsoundness of Stephanou's argument.
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39. 2023-11-30
Functionalism about possible worlds.Dominic Gregory - 2006 - Australasian
Journal of Philosophy 84 (1):95 – 115.details
Various writers have proposed that the notion of a possible world is a
functional concept, yet very little has been done to develop that proposal.
This paper explores a particular functionalist account of possible worlds,
according to which pluralities of possible worlds are the bases for
structures which provide occupants for the roles which analyse our ordinary
modal concepts. It argues that the resulting position meets some of the
stringent constraints which philosophers have placed upon accounts of
possible worlds, while (...) also trivializing the question what possible
worlds are. The paper then discusses a range of problems facing the
functionalist position. (shrink)
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40. 2023-11-30
Paradoxes of Emotional Life: Second-Order Emotions.Antonio de Castro Caeiro
- 2022 - Philosophies 7 (5):109.details
Heidegger tries to explain our emotional life applying three schemes:
causal explanation, mental internalisation of emotions and metaphorical
expression. None of the three schemes explains emotion though. Either
because the causal nexus does not always occur or because objects and
people in the external world are carriers of emotional agents or because
language is already on a metaphorical level. Moreover, how is it possible
that there are presently emotions constituting our life without our being
aware of their existence? From the (...) analysis of boredom in its three
varieties (“bored by X”, “get oneself bored”, and “it is boring”) we will
get to the depth where emotions lie, trying to rouse them and to keep them
awake. Although it surfaces with the force and energy of the present, every
emotion has its past and future constitution. How can we understand the
future of a present emotion along with its past? (shrink)
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41. 2023-11-30
Mathematical instrumentalism, Gödel’s theorem, and inductive
evidence.Alexander Paseau - 2011 - Studies in History and Philosophy of
Science Part A 42 (1):140-149.details
Mathematical instrumentalism construes some parts of mathematics, typically
the abstract ones, as an instrument for establishing statements in other
parts of mathematics, typically the elementary ones. Gödel’s second
incompleteness theorem seems to show that one cannot prove the consistency
of all of mathematics from within elementary mathematics. It is therefore
generally thought to defeat instrumentalisms that insist on a proof of the
consistency of abstract mathematics from within the elementary portion.
This article argues that though some versions of mathematical
instrumentalism (...) are defeated by Gödel’s theorem, not all are. By
considering inductive reasons in mathematics, we show that some
mathematical instrumentalisms survive the theorem. (shrink)
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42. 2023-11-30
How to Save Pascal (and Ourselves) From the Mugger.Avram Hiller & Ali Hasan
- forthcoming - Dialogue:1-17.details
In this article, we re-examine Pascal’s Mugging, and argue that it is a
deeper problem than the St. Petersburg paradox. We offer a way out that is
consistent with classical decision theory. Specifically, we propose a “many
muggers” response analogous to the “many gods” objection to Pascal’s Wager.
When a very tiny probability of a great reward becomes a salient outcome of
a choice, such as in the offer of the mugger, it can be discounted on the
condition that there (...) are many other symmetric, non-salient rewards
that one may receive if one chooses otherwise. (shrink)
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43. 2023-11-30
Philosophy Versus Theology in Medieval Islamic Thought.Ishraq Ali & Khawla
Almulla - 2023 - HTS Theological Studies 79 (5):1-8.details
The encounter of the medieval Muslims with Greek philosophy undeniably
shaped the course of their philosophical and theological thought. This
encounter led to the complex and contentious issue of ‘philosophy versus
theology’. Medieval Muslim thinkers needed to develop a response to the
issue of philosophy versus theology. The present article will first
highlight the response of the Islamic theologians to their encounter with
Greek philosophy in the form of three major trends in medieval Islamic
theology: (1) strong opposition to the (...) application of reason and
rationalist approach to Islamic doctrines, and strict adherence to the
actual text of the Qur’an and the Hadith, (2) the adoption of Greek
philosophy, and the application of reason and rationalist approach to
explain and defend Islamic religion and (3) acknowledging the significance
of reason in exploring the matters related to the natural world but, at the
same time, stressing the subordination of reason to revelation. This
article will discuss Atharism, Muʿtazilism and Ashʿarism as the
representatives of the first, second and third trends, respectively. The
response of the medieval Islamic theologians to the issue of philosophy
versus theology serves as a context in which medieval Muslim philosophers
carried out their philosophy–theology debate. The article will proceed to
show that some medieval Muslim philosophers, such as Abu Bakr Al-Razi,
subordinated religion or revelation to philosophy or reason. Other medieval
Muslim philosophers, such as Al-Ghazali, subordinated philosophy to
theology. The third group of medieval Islamic philosophers represented by
Alfarabi argued for the reconciliation and harmonious co-existence of
philosophy and religion. Contribution: This article highlights the response
of medieval Islamic theologians and philosophers to the issue of philosophy
versus theology that was caused by their encounter with Greek philosophy.
(shrink)
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44. 2023-11-30
Philosophy for Living: Exploring Diversity and Immersive Assignments in a
PWOL Approach.Sharon Mason & Benjamin Rider - 2021 - American Association
of Philosophy Teachers Studies in Pedagogy 6:104-122.details
In this article, we reflect on our experiences teaching a PWOL course
called Philosophy for Living. The course uses modules focused on different
historical philosophical ways of life (Epicureanism, Stoicism,
Confucianism, Existentialism, etc.) to engage students in exploring how
philosophy can be a way of life and how its methods, virtues, and ideas can
improve their own lives. We describe and compare our experiences with two
central aspects of our approach: engagement with diversity and the use of
immersive experiences and (...) assignments. In particular, we discuss how
we recognize and center various forms of diversity in philosophy—cultural
and gender diversity, but also diversity in how and in what forms
philosophy can be done and what “philosophy as a way of life” can be. We
also examine how the experimental and experiential aspects of immersive
assignments promote deeper understanding and create possibilities for
personal transformation. (shrink)
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45. 2023-11-30
Knowledge & Language.Mary Gregg - 2016 - Philosophy Now 114:24-25.details
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46. 2023-11-30
Empathy, Timeliness, and Virtuous Hearing.Seisuke Hayakawa - forthcoming -
Journal of Philosophical Research.details
This paper aims to demonstrate how the notion of timeliness enriches our
understanding of empathy and its associated virtuous hearing as discussed
in liberatory virtue epistemology. I begin by showing how timeliness is
relevant to empathy. Next, I apply this insight to the idea of virtuous
hearing, in which empathy plays a significant role. I thus broaden the
liberatory-epistemological conception of virtuous hearing as a corrective
to timing-related injustice. Finally, I connect virtuous hearing with the
ancient Greek concept of kairos, (...) clarifying the conditions under
which virtuous hearers must be sensitive to another’s opportune timing to
testify. (shrink)
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47. 2023-11-30
The Challenges of Artificial Judicial Decision-Making for Liberal
Democracy.Christoph Winter - 2022 - In Piotr Bystranowski, Bartosz Janik &
Maciej Próchnicki (eds.), Judicial Decision-making: Integrating Empirical
and Theoretical Perspectives. Springer Nature. pp. 179-204.details
The application of artificial intelligence (AI) to judicial decision-making
has already begun in many jurisdictions around the world. While AI seems to
promise greater fairness, access to justice, and legal certainty, issues of
discrimination and transparency have emerged and put liberal democratic
principles under pressure, most notably in the context of bail decisions.
Despite this, there has been no systematic analysis of the risks to liberal
democratic values from implementing AI into judicial decision-making. This
article sets out to fill this (...) void by identifying and engaging with
challenges arising from artificial judicial decision-making, focusing on
three pillars of liberal democracy, namely equal treatment of citizens,
transparency, and judicial independence. Methodologically, the work takes a
comparative perspective between human and artificial decision-making, using
the former as a normative benchmark to evaluate the latter. -/- The chapter
first argues that AI that would improve on equal treatment of citizens has
already been developed, but not yet adopted. Second, while the lack of
transparency in AI decision-making poses severe risks which ought to be
addressed, AI can also increase the transparency of options and trade-offs
that policy makers face when considering the consequences of artificial
judicial decision-making. Such transparency of options offers tremendous
benefits from a democratic perspective. Third, the overall shift of power
from human intuition to advanced AI may threaten judicial independence, and
with it the separation of powers. While improvements regarding
discrimination and transparency are available or on the horizon, it remains
unclear how judicial independence can be protected, especially with the
potential development of advanced artificial judicial intelligence (AAJI).
Working out the political and legal infrastructure to reap the fruits of
artificial judicial intelligence in a safe and stable manner should become
a priority of future research in this area. (shrink)
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48. 2023-11-29
The Ontology and Aesthetics of Genre.Evan Malone - forthcoming - Philosophy
Compass.details
Genres inform our appreciative practices. What it takes for a work to be a
good work of comedy is different than what it takes for a work to be a good
work of horror, and a failure to recognize this will lead to a failure to
appreciate comedies or works of horror particularly well. Likewise, it is
not uncommon to hear people say that a film or novel is a good work, but
not a good work of x (where x (...) is the genre of that work). A work can
be good all things considered, but genre membership provides us with an
additional set of evaluative criteria over and above those of the medium,
which colors how we interpret and appreciate the work. Given this
importance, it is not surprising that philosophers of art have been
interested in providing an account of what, exactly, a genre is. Despite
this interest, there is not widespread agreement about what it takes for
something to be a genre, nor what kinds of considerations are relevant in
determining whether a work is a member of that genre. Beyond this, we might
also want to know to what degree we ought to consider genre in evaluating a
work of art and why it should matter at all. Here, I explore the variety of
recent theories that philosophers have taken up on the topic of genre and
why we should ultimately think of genres as artistic practices rather than
the alternatives. (shrink)
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49. 2023-11-29
Frege as Clickbait.Susanne Bobzien - manuscriptdetails
Bobzien’s reply to a defamatory blogpost on her essay ‘Frege plagiarized
the Stoics’. (This is a minor contribution to the discussion of 'Frege
plagiarized the Stoics', simply setting the record straight. It contains no
important philosophical content.).
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50. 2023-11-29
"How to Think Several Thoughts at Once: Content Plurality in Mental
Action".Antonia Peacocke - 2023 - In Michael Brent & Lisa Miracchi Titus
(eds.), Mental Action and the Conscious Mind. New York, NY: Routledge. pp.
31-60.details
Basic actions are those intentional actions performed not by doing any
other kind of thing intentionally. Complex actions involve doing one kind
of thing intentionally by doing another kind of thing intentionally. There
are both basic and complex mental actions. Some complex mental actions have
a striking feature that has not been previously discussed: they have
several distinct contents at once. This chapter introduces and explains
this feature, here called “content plurality.” This chapter also argues for
the philosophical significance of (...) this feature. The existence of
content plurality offers a new explanation of transparent self-knowledge
and suggests a new theory of inference. It also opens up a new conception
of the relation between decisions to act and judgments about what ought to
be done. (shrink)
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51. 2023-11-29
Desiderative Lockeanism.Milo Phillips-Brown - forthcoming - Australasian
Journal of Philosophy.details
According to the Desiderative Lockean Thesis, there are necessary and
sufficient conditions, stated in the terms of decision theory, for when one
is truly said to want. I advance a new Desiderative Lockean view. My view
is distinctive in being doubly context-sensitive. Want ascriptions exhibit
a remarkable context-sensitivity: what a person is truly said to want
varies by context in a variety of ways, a fact that has not been fully
appreciated. Others Desiderative Lockeans attempt to capture the
context-sensitivity in (...) want ascriptions by positing a single
context-sensitive parameter. I posit two. Only with a doubly
context-sensitive view can we explain a range of facts that go unexplained
by all other Desiderative Lockean views. (shrink)
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52. 2023-11-29
Moral Excuse to the Pacifist's Rescue.Blake Hereth - 2023 - Journal of
Pacifism and Nonviolence:1-32.details
Pacifism is the view that necessarily, the nonconsensual harming of pro
tanto rights-bearers is all-things-considered morally impermissible.
Critics of pacifism frequently point to common moral intuitions about
self-defenders and other-defenders as evidence that pacifism is false and
that self- and other-defense are often morally justified. I call this the
Justification View and defend its rival, the Excuse View. According to the
latter, a robust view of moral excuse adequately explains the common moral
intuitions invoked against pacifism and is compatible with (...) pacifism.
The paper proceeds in five steps. First, I identify ten intuitive data
points that require explanation. Second, I introduce the
justification/excuse distinction. Third, I demonstrate the Excuse View’s
equal explanatory power with respect to the intuitive data. Fourth, I
defend the Fair Use Principle: When evaluating the plausibility of rival
theories J and E, the use of datum d’s full intuitive force against E and
for J is epistemically permissible only if (i) d is better explained by J
than E and (ii) no intuitive components of d are equally well-explained by
E. Finally, I conclude that the conjunction of pacifism and the Excuse View
renders the intuitive defense of the Justification View largely moot, and
that this is a substantial victory for pacifism. (shrink)
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53. 2023-11-29
Evaluating International Agreements: The Voluntarist Reply and Its
Limits.Oisin Suttle - 2023 - Journal of Political Philosophy.details
How should the fact of state consent to international agreements affect
their moral evaluation? Political criticism of the content of international
agreements is often answered by invoking the voluntary nature of those
agreements: if states did not wish to accept their terms then they were
free to reject them; the fact of their having voluntarily accepted them
limits the scope for subsequent criticism. This is the “Voluntarist Reply”.
This paper examines the Voluntarist Reply to understand the specific moral
work that (...) it claims to do, the sense of voluntariness that it
requires, and the limits on the capacity of voluntary consent to answer
substantive political and moral criticism . It maps those limits across
four prominent and plausible accounts of international economic justice to
understand the different ways that consent does or does not alter the moral
situation. (shrink)
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54. 2023-11-29
On The Material Image. Affordances as a New Approach to Visual Culture
Studies.Martina Sauer & Elisabeth Günther (eds.) - 2021 - New York & São
Paulo: Art Style.details
This special issue on affordances bases on the thesis, that all natural and
artificial things inhere affordances that appeal to our cognitive system,
and thus invite us to look at them, perceive them, think about them,
interpret them, and use them. The concept roots in the studies of the
American psychologist James J. Gibson from the 1960s. According to him,
"things" offer a certain range of possible activities depending on their
form, time patterns, and material qualities, thus becoming part of (...)
human-thing-interactions. However, affordances can also be culturally
trained. This aspect has been intensively discussed subsequently within
different disciplines (e.g., Social Sciences, Design Studies). But only
recently has the concept received attention in the field of Visual Culture
Studies particularly through archaeological scholarship. (shrink)
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55. 2023-11-29
On the Postmodern Age.Martina Sauer (ed.) - 2020 - New York & São Paulo:
Art Style.details
We live in the age of postmodernism. What does that mean? With a call for
essays, we asked for proposals for a better understanding. At the same
time, we were looking for posts that show how the arts have processed and
are still processing the change from the modern to the postmodern
selfconception of man, which has been described by philosophy since the
1950s to today. This special issue thus demonstrates how architects,
designers and artists have reacted to the new (...) socio-politically
relevant concepts of postmodernism. -/- With contributions of Simone Kraft
on architecture, Arianna Fantuzzi on self-portraits, Stephan
Schmidt-Wulffen on visual arts in the 1980s, Anna Kristensson on design,
Iris Laner on postmodern theory and the work of Jeff Wall, Christiane
Wagner on postmodern avatars and finally, I contributed with a text on the
deconstruction of the familiar in postmodern theory and the work of Karin
Kneffel. (shrink)
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56. 2023-11-29
Teaching Liberal Values: The Case of Promoting ‘British Values’ in
Schools.Christina Easton - 2022 - In Julian Culp, Johannes Drerup, Isolde
de Groot, Anders Schinkel & Douglas Yacek (eds.), Liberal Democratic
Education: A Paradigm in Crisis. Paderborn, Germany: Brill Mentis. pp.
47-66.details
I analyse the 2014 policy to promote 'British values' in schools from the
perspective of the two main positions in contemporary liberal theory,
comprehensive liberalism and political liberalism. I highlight in what ways
comprehensive and political liberal defences of the policy are
unsatisfactory, before briefly sketching a possible alternative position –
‘thin comprehensive liberalism’ – and discussing its potential for
justifying a substantive education in liberal values. In light of this
theoretical perspective, I suggest some ways that the existing British
(...) values policy might be amended in practice so as to bring it more in
line with the liberal ideal. (shrink)
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57. 2023-11-29
Doing Otherwise in a Deterministic World.Christian Loew - forthcoming -
Journal of Philosophy.details
An influential version of the Consequence argument, the most famous
argument for the incompatibility of free will and determinism, goes as
follows: For an agent to be able to do otherwise, there has to be a
possible world with the same laws and the same past as her actual world in
which she does otherwise. However, if the actual world is deterministic,
there is no such world. Hence, no agent in a deterministic world can ever
do otherwise. In this paper, (...) I discuss a recent version of this
argument due to Christopher Franklin: the ‘No Opportunity argument’. I
argue that the No Opportunity argument overgeneralizes. If its premises
were true, things would be obstacles to doing otherwise that have nothing
to do with determinism and that intuitively are not obstacles. (shrink)
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58. 2023-11-29
Individuality and Freedom.Ellen Bliss Talbot, Joel Katzav & Dorothy Rogers
- 2023 - In Joel Katzav, Dorothy Rogers & Krist Vaesen (eds.), Knowledge,
Mind and Reality: An Introduction by Early Twentieth-Century American Women
Philosophers. Springer. pp. 301-311.details
In this article, Ellen Bliss Talbot explores the free will/determinism
debate through an examination of the notions of individual unity,
uniqueness, and self-sufficiency.
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59. 2023-11-29
Logic, mathematics, physics: from a loose thread to the close link: Or what
gravity is for both logic and mathematics rather than only for
physics.Vasil Penchev - 2023 - Astrophysics, Cosmology and Gravitation
Ejournal 2 (52):1-82.details
Gravitation is interpreted to be an “ontomathematical” force or interaction
rather than an only physical one. That approach restores Newton’s original
design of universal gravitation in the framework of “The Mathematical
Principles of Natural Philosophy”, which allows for Einstein’s special and
general relativity to be also reinterpreted ontomathematically. The
entanglement theory of quantum gravitation is inherently involved also
ontomathematically by virtue of the consideration of the qubit Hilbert
space after entanglement as the Fourier counterpart of pseudo-Riemannian
space. Gravitation can be (...) also interpreted as purely mathematical or
logical “force” or “interaction” as a corollary from its ontomathematical
(rather than physical) realization. The ontomathematical approach to
gravitation is implicit in general relativity equating it to operators in
pseudo-Riemannian space obeying the Einstein field equation and also
well-known by the “geometrization of physics”. Quantum mechanics shares the
same by the separable complex Hilbert space and defining “physical
quantity” by the Hermitian operators on it. One can interpret special
Minkowski space involved by special relativity and the qubit Hilbert space
of quantum information as Fourier counterparts immediately noticing that
general relativity means gravitation as the Fourier counterpart of
non-Hermitian operators implying non-unitarity and the violation of energy
conservation and thus destroying Pauli’s particle paradigm. Since the
Standard model obeys it, this explains the impossibility of “quantum
gravitation” in any framework conservatively generalizing the Standard
model so that it would include gravitation along with electromagnetic,
weak, and strong interactions. Einstein’s geometrization of gravitation can
be continued into a purely mathematical theory of it following Euclid’s
realization for geometry to be exhaustively built in a deductive and
axiomatic way as well as Riemann’s parametrization of all the class of
Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometries by “space curvature”, then being
generalized to Minkowski space as the operators on pseudo-Riemannian space
as the Einstein field equation means gravitation. The transition from
mathematical gravitation to logical one can rely on the historical lesson
of the pair of Lobachevski’s and Riemann’s approaches now “reversely”,
i.e., from the latter to the former. Logical gravitation is linkable to
Hegel’s dialectical logic and ontological dialectics abandoning their
interpretations as a new zero logic substituting classical propionyl logic.
The approach of ontomathematics generalizing that of ontology, traceable
even to Aristotle’s reformation of Plato’s doctrine, needs Hegel’s doctrine
to be formalized as a first-order logic naturally containing Boolean
algebra, isomorphic to both classical propositional logic and set theory
being the class of all first-order logics, as a sub-logic along with Peano
arithmetic as another sub-logic. The first-order logic at issue is called
Hilbert arithmetic and elaborated in detail in other papers. It allows for
both self-foundation of mathematics to be internally proved as complete and
furthermore, quantum mechanics reinterpreted as quantum information to be
included by the qubit Hilbert space interpretable in turn as a dual and
physical counterpart of Hilbert arithmetic in a narrow sense, that is, both
counterparts constitute Hilbert arithmetic in a wide sense, being
mathematical and physical simultaneously and thus overcoming the Cartesian
dualism of “body” gapped from “mind” by an abyss. Then, the proper
philosophical interpretation of gravitation to be the fundamental
ontomathematical force or interaction overcomes the ridiculous belief of
the Big Bang wrongly alleged to be a scientific theory. Ontomathematical
gravitation suggests an omnipresent and omnitemporal medium of “God’s”
creation “ex nihilo” following only the natural necessity of
quantum-information conservation particularly and locally manifested as
energy conservation. (shrink)
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60. 2023-11-29
Pragmatic Nonsense.Ricardo Peraça Cavassane, Itala M. Loffredo D'Ottaviano
& Felipe Sobreira Abrahão - manuscriptdetails
Inspired by the early Wittgenstein’s concept of nonsense (meaning that
which lies beyond the limits of language), we define two different, yet
complementary, types of nonsense: formal nonsense and pragmatic nonsense.
The simpler notion of formal nonsense is initially defined within Tarski’s
semantic theory of truth; the notion of pragmatic nonsense, by its turn, is
formulated within the context of the theory of pragmatic truth, also known
as quasi-truth, as formalized by da Costa and his collaborators. While an
expression will (...) be considered formally nonsensical if the formal
criteria required for the assignment of any truth-value (whether true,
false, pragmatically true, or pragmatically false) to such sentence are not
met, a (well-formed) formula will be considered pragmatically nonsensical
if the pragmatic criteria (inscribed within the context of scientific
practice) required for the assignment of any truth-value to such sentence
are not met. Thus, in the context of the theory of pragmatic truth, any
(well-formed) formula of a formal language interpreted on a simple
pragmatic structure will be considered pragmatically nonsensical if the set
of primary sentences of such structure is not well-built, that is, if it
does not include the relevant observational data and/or theoretical
results, or if it does include sentences that are inconsistent with such
data. (shrink)
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61. 2023-11-28
Open Problems in DAOs: Political Science and Philosophy.Eliza R. Oak,
Woojin Lim, Danielle Allen & Helene Landemore - 2023 - Arxiv.details
Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) are a new, rapidly-growing
class of organizations governed by smart contracts. Here we describe how
researchers can contribute to the emerging science of DAOs and other
digitally-constituted organizations. From granular privacy primitives to
mechanism designs to model laws, we identify high-impact problems in the
DAO ecosystem where existing gaps might be tackled through a new data set
or by applying tools and ideas from existing research fields such as
political science, computer science, economics, law, and organizational
(...) science. Our recommendations encompass exciting research questions as
well as promising business opportunities. We call on the wider research
community to join the global effort to invent the next generation of
organizations. (shrink)
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62. 2023-11-28
Value Capture.C. Thi Nguyen - forthcoming - Journal of Ethics and Social
Philosophy.details
Value capture occurs when an agent’s values are rich and subtle; they enter
a social environment that presents simplified — typically quantified —
versions of those values; and those simplified articulations come to
dominate their practical reasoning. Examples include becoming motivated by
FitBit’s step counts, Twitter Likes and Re-tweets, citation rates, ranked
lists of best schools, and Grade Point Averages. We are vulnerable to value
capture because of the competitive advantage that such crisp and clear
expressions of value have in (...) our private reasoning and our public
justification. There is, however, a price. In value capture, we take a
central component of our autonomy — our ongoing deliberation over the exact
articulation of our values — and we outsource it. And the metrics to which
we outsource usually engineered for the interests of some external force,
like a large-scale institution’s interest in cross-contextual
comprehensibility and quick aggregability. That outsourcing cuts off one of
the key benefits to personal deliberation. In value capture, we no longer
adjust our values and their articulations in light of own rich experience
of the world. Our values should often be carefully tailored to our
particular selves or our small-scale communities, but in value capture, we
buy our values off the rack. In some cases – like decreasing CO2 emissions
– the costs of non-tailored values are outweighed by the benefit of precise
collective coordination. In other cases, like in our aesthetic lives, they
are not. This suggests that we should want different values suited to
different scales. We should want value federalism. Some values are perhaps
best pursued at the larg-est-scale level, others at smaller scales. The
problem occurs when we exhibit an excess preference for the largest-scale
values – when we consistently let the universal metrics swamp our quieter
interests. (shrink)
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63. 2023-11-28
Logic-Language-Ontology.Urszula Wybraniec-Skardowska - 2022 - Cham,
Switzerland: Springer Nature, Birkhäuser, Studies in Universal Logic
series.details
The book is a collection of papers and aims to unify the questions of
syntax and semantics of language, which are included in logic, philosophy
and ontology of language. The leading motif of the presented selection of
works is the differentiation between linguistic tokens (material, concrete
objects) and linguistic types (ideal, abstract objects) following two
philosophical trends: nominalism (concretism) and Platonizing version of
realism. The opening article under the title “The Dual Ontological Nature
of Language Signs and the Problem of (...) Their Mutual Relations” provides
a broad introduction into the problem area connected with this
differentiation, while the logic-formal characteristics of the distinction
are framed in the work entitled “On the Type-Token Relationships” (Chapter
1). The basic part of the book deals with issues relating to syntax
(Chapters 2-4) and semantics of language (Chapters 5-6), as well as
pertaining to syntactic-semantic pragmatic questions (Chapters 7-13).
Throughout the book, language, categorial language, is characterized
syntactically as generated by classical categorial grammar (Chapter 2) and
formalized on two opposing levels: as language of expression-tokens (level
of tokens) and language of expression-types (level of types). The author’s
considerations contained in Chapters 2 and 4 lead to the important
philosophical conclusion that in formal-logical syntactic studies on
language the assumption that expression-types constitute the primary
language layer while expression-tokens make the secondary one, can be
neglected; thus, this speaks in favour of the opposing standpoint—the
concretistic one—in the ontology of language syntax. In the works “Meaning
and Interpretations”, Parts I and II (Chapters 5 and 6), it is underlined,
however, that such semantic concepts as: meaning, denotation and
interpretation are defined on the types level, yet their formal definitions
require making use of notions of the tokens level. The semantic notions
introduced in the above-mentioned articles are also used in the following
works of the present selection, under the titles: “Three Principles of
Compositionality” and “On Metaknowledge and Truth” (Chapters 7 and 8). They
formalize two principles of compositionality that are well known in the
literature on the subject, deriving from Frege, i.e. those of meaning and
of denotation; they are related to the syntactic principle of
compositionality which was introduced by the author. All the three
principles are, at the same time, three conditions of homomorphism of
categorial language algebra into three kinds of non-standard models of
language (one syntactic and two semantic ones: intensional and
extensional), which allows introducing three definitions of truthfulness
into these models. The next two works in the collection, entitled: “On
Language Adequacy” and “What is the Sense in Logic and Philosophy of
Language” (Chapters 9 and 10) concern adequacy of categorial language
syntax along with its dual semantics: intensional and extensional, and
categorial compatibility of any of its syntactic categories with two
corresponding semantic categories: intensional and extensional, based on
the compatibility the syntactic category of each language expression with
the ontological category assigned to its denotatum. The well-known problem
of categorial compatibility for first-order quantifiers finds its solution
in the paper “Categories of First-Order Quantifiers” (Chapter 11). In the
work “Logic and Ontology of Language” (Chapter 12), being in a sense a
summary of the considerations presented in the preceding chapters of the
book, language is treated as an ontological being, characterized in
compliance with the logical conception of language proposed by Ajdukiewicz.
Application—like throughout the book—of tools of classical logic and set
theory has resulted in emergence of a general formal logical theory of
syntax, semantics and pragmatics of language, which takes into account
duality in the understanding of linguistic expressions as tokens
(concretes) and types (abstract objects). In terms that take into account a
functional approach to language itself, there comes out an ontological
neutrality of logic with respect to existential assumptions relating to the
ontological nature of linguistic expressions and their extra-linguistic
ontological counterparts. The issues connected with applying logic while
explaining the manner of using linguistic tokens and linguistic types to
determine notions of language communication are raised and illustrated in
the last chapter of the work, bearing the title “A Logical
Conceptualization of Knowledge on the Notion of Language Communication”.
(shrink)
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64. 2023-11-28
Decolonization Coopted: Deleuze in Palestine.Joshua M. Hall - forthcoming -
A Decolonial Manual.details
In his influential history of the post-1967 history of the Palestinian
Occupation, radical Israeli architect Eyal Weizman show how even
well-meaning decolonial efforts from privileged allies can be coopted by
the colonizers, in what I call “de-decolonizing.” Here I focus on one of
his examples, namely IDF (Israeli Defense Force) military professors
repurposing the anarcho-communist philosophy of French postmodernist Gilles
Deleuze into a weapon against Palestinian guerrilla resistance. My
conclusion is that attempted decolonizing via (inevitably complicit)
privileged allies must include (...) what Weizman calls “co-resistance,”
and I call “reconstruction.” In other words, when a Deleuzian “line of
flight” to “escape” is impossible, as arguably for Palestinians today, then
one should follow the heroic example of the Bedouins, who (as Weizman
acknowledges) are the only Arabs who have never stopped rebuilding their
Palestine. (shrink)
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65. 2023-11-28
Euler Contra Du Chatelet (and Wolff) on the Composition of
Extension.Stephen Harrop - manuscriptdetails
Emilie Du Chatelet and Christian Wolff both argue, from the principle of
sufficient reason, that extended objects and composite objects simpliciter
must ultimately be composed of simple beings (monads). Leonhard Euler, who
makes extended use of the principle of sufficient reason in his works on
mechanics and natural science, argues the contrary: Every extended object
is composed of other, composite, extended objects. In this chapter I
attempt to locate the differences between these figures that drive them to
disparate conclusions. I (...) argue that the difference comes, not from
their different applications of the principle of sufficient reason, but
from two other sources. First, they endorse different explicability
principles which do not themselves follow from the principle of sufficient
reasons; and second, they differ with respect to the kinds of explanations
(what I call that-explanations and how-explanations) that the question of
the composition of extension requires. (shrink)
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66. 2023-11-28
Eight Arguments for First-Person Realism.David Builes - forthcoming -
Philosophy Compass.details
According to First-Person Realism, one's own first-person perspective on
the world is metaphysically privileged in some way. After clarifying
First-Person Realism by reference to parallel debates in the metaphysics of
modality and time, I survey eight different arguments in favor of
First-Person Realism.
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67. 2023-11-28
Rethinking the effects of performance expectancy and effort expectancy on
new technology adoption: Evidence from Moroccan nursing students.Ni Putu
Wulan Purnama Sari, Minh-Phuong Thi Duong, Dan Li, Minh-Hoang Nguyen &
Quan-Hoang Vuong - manuscriptdetails
Clinical practice is a part of the integral learning method in nursing
education. The use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in
clinical learning is highly encouraged among nursing students to support
evidence-based nursing and student-centered learning. Through the
information-processing lens of the mindsponge theory, this study views
performance expectancy (or perceived usefulness) and effort expectancy (or
perceived ease of use) as results of subjective benefit and cost judgments
determining the students’ ICT using intention for supporting clinical
learning, respectively. Therefore, (...) the study examines whether effort
expectancy moderates the relationship between performance expectancy and
the intention to use ICT among Moroccan nursing students. The Bayesian
Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics was employed on a dataset of 702
Moroccan nursing students. We found that nursing students’ performance
expectancy is positively associated with the intention to adopt ICT and
social media, while effort expectancy positively moderates this
relationship. Moreover, the model with effort expectancy as the moderator
was discovered to have a significantly larger weight than the model with
effort expectancy as the direct predictor, validating our
information-processing reasoning. This study provides a new perspective on
the interplay between the benefit and cost perceptions of ICT use to
support clinical learning methods in nursing education. Moreover, given the
limited education resources, especially in developing countries like
Morocco, we recommend nursing education and training prioritize
communicating the benefits of ICTs and social media over ease of use. Doing
so would help improve the effectiveness and efficiency of nursing education
and training while lowering costs. (shrink)
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68. 2023-11-28
Ancient Philosophical Resources For Understanding and Dealing With
Anger.Gregory Sadler - forthcoming - Philosophical
Practice:3182-3192.details
Ancient philosophical schools developed and discussed perspectives and
practices on the emotion of anger useful in contemporary philosophical
practice with clients, groups, and organizations. This paper argues the
case for incorporating these insights from four main philosophical schools
(Platonist, Aristotelian, Epicurean, and Stoic) sets out eight practices
drawn from these schools, and discusses how these insights can be used by
philosophical practitioners with clients.
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69. 2023-11-28
Symmetric Relations.Scott Dixon - forthcoming - Philosophical
Studies:1-25.details
There are two ways to characterize symmetric relations. One is intensional:
necessarily, Rxy iff Ryx. In some discussions of relations, however, what
is important is whether or not a relation gives rise to the same completion
of a given type (fact, state of affairs, or proposition) for each of its
possible applications to some fixed relata. Kit Fine calls relations that
do 'strictly symmetric'. Is there is a difference between the notions of
necessary and strict symmetry that would prevent them (...) from being used
interchangeably in such discussions? I show that there is. While the
notions coincide assuming an intensional account of relations and their
completions, according to which relations/completions are identical if they
are necessarily coinstantiated/equivalent, they come apart assuming a
hyperintensional account, which individuates relations and completions more
finely on the basis of relations' real definitions. I establish this by
identifying two definable relations, each of which is necessarily symmetric
but nonetheless results in distinct facts when it applies to the same
objects in opposite orders. In each case, I argue that these facts are
distinct because they have different grounds. (shrink)
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70. 2023-11-28
Some Reflections on Conventions.Carlo Penco & Massimiliano Vignolo - 2019 -
Croatian Journal of Philosophy 19 (3):375-402.details
In Overlooking Conventions Michael Devitt argues in defence of the
traditional approach to semantics. Devitt’s main line of argument is an
inference to the best explanation: nearly all cases that linguistic
pragmatists discuss in order to challenge the traditional approach to
semantics are better explained by adding conventions into language, in the
form of expanding the range of polysemy or the range of indexicality (in
the broad sense of linguistically governed context sensitivity). In this
paper, we discuss three aspects of (...) a draft of Devitt’s Overlooking
Conventions, which was discussed at a conference in Dubrovnik in September
2018. First, we try to show that his rejection of Bach’s distinction
between convention and standardization overlooks important features of
standardization. Second, we elaborate on Devitt’s argument against
linguistic pragmatism based on the normative aspect of meaning and show
that a similar argument can be mounted against semantic minimalism. While
Devitt and minimalists have a common enemy, they are not allies either.
Third, we address a methodological difficulty in Devitt’s view concerning a
threat of over-generation and propose a solution to it. Although this paper
is the result of collaboration the authors have written different parts.
Carlo Penco has written part 1, Massimiliano Vignolo has written part 2 and
part 3. (shrink)
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71. 2023-11-28
Kant’s Conceptions of the Feeling of Life and the Feeling of Promotion of
Life in Light of Epicurus’ Theory of Pleasure and the Stoic Notion of
Oikeiôsis.Saniye Vatansever - 2023 - Studia Kantiana 21 (2):113-132.details
This paper shows the ways in which Kant’s notions of the feeling of life
and the feeling of the promotion of life may be influenced by Epicurus’
theory of pleasure and the Stoic notion of oikeiôsis, respectively.
Accordingly, getting a clear picture of Epicurus’ theory of pleasure and
the Stoic notion of oikeiôsis will help us (i) understand why Kant
introduces these notions in the third Critique and (ii) why he identifies
aesthetic pleasure with the feeling of the promotion of (...) life. As I
will demonstrate, the feeling of life allows us to be conscious of the
harmonious interaction of our faculties with each other while the feeling
of the promotion of life allows us to be aware of the harmonious
relationship between our faculties and nature. Hence, the feeling of the
promotion of life indicates the well-being of the subject in its relation
to its environment. (shrink)
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72. 2023-11-28
The Sure-Thing Principle.Jean Baccelli & Lorenz Hartmann - forthcoming -
Journal of Mathematical Economics.details
The Sure-Thing Principle famously appears in Savage’s axiomatization of
Subjective Expected Utility. Yet Savage introduces it only as an informal,
overarching dominance condition motivating his separability postulate P2
and his state-independence postulate P3. Once these axioms are introduced,
by and large, he does not discuss the principle any more. In this note, we
pick up the analysis of the Sure-Thing Principle where Savage left it. In
particular, we show that each of P2 and P3 is equivalent to a dominance
condition; (...) that they strengthen in different directions a common,
basic dominance axiom; and that they can be explicitly combined in a
unified dominance condition that is a candidate formal statement for the
Sure-Thing Principle. Based on elementary proofs, our results shed light on
some of the most fundamental properties of rational choice under
uncertainty. In particular they imply, as corollaries, potential
simplifications for Savage’s and the Anscombe- Aumann axiomatizations of
Subjective Expected Utility. Most surprisingly perhaps, they reveal that in
Savage’s axiomatization, P3 can be weakened to a natural strengthening of
so-called Obvious Dominance. (shrink)
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73. 2023-11-28
Should We Unbundle Free Speech and Press Freedom?Robert Mark Simpson &
Damien Storey - 2023 - In Carl Fox & Joe Saunders (eds.), The Routledge
Handbook of Philosophy and Media Ethics. New York: Routledge. pp.
69-80.details
This paper presents an account of the ethical and conceptual relationship
between free speech and press freedom. Many authors have argued that,
despite there being some common ground between them, these two liberties
should be treated as properly distinct, both theoretically and practically.
The core of the argument, for this “unbundling” approach, is that
conflating free speech and press freedom makes it too easy for reasonable
democratic regulations on press freedom to be portrayed, by their
opponents, as part of a (...) programme of illiberal censorship. While we
acknowledge the important grain of truth in that argument, we try to show
how the alternative, “unbundling” approach can also be used to undermine or
mischaracterise democratically justifiable opposition to media regulations
in despotic regimes. In light of the problems on both sides, we defend a
contextually-variable account of the relation between these two liberties.
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74. 2023-11-28
Totally Administered Heteronomy: Adorno on Work, Leisure, and Politics in
the Age of Digital Capitalism.Craig Reeves & Matthew Sinnicks - forthcoming
- Journal of Business Ethics.details
This paper aims to demonstrate the contemporary relevance of Adorno’s
thought for business ethicists working in the critical tradition by showing
how his critique of modern social life anticipated, and ofers continuing
illumination of, recent technological transformations of capitalism. It
develops and extrapolates Adorno’s thought regarding three central spheres
of modern society, which have seen radical changes in light of recent
technological developments: work, in which employee monitoring has become
ever more sophisticated and intrusive; leisure consumption, in which the
algorithmic (...) developments of the culture industry have paved the way
for entertainment products to dominate us; and political discourse, in
which social media has exacerbated the anti-democratic tendencies Adorno
warned of in the mid-twentieth century. We conclude by presenting, as a
rejoinder to these developments, the contours of an Adornian ethics of
resistance to the reifcation and dehumanisation of such developments.
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75. 2023-11-28
Aristotle's definition of syllogism in Prior Analytics 24b18-20.Lucas
Angioni - manuscriptdetails
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76. 2023-11-28
Digital Technology and the Problem of Dialogical Discourse in Social
Media.Bradley Warfield - 2023 - Techné Research in Philosophy and
Technology 27 (2):220-239.details
In this paper, I discuss some prominent features of our use of social media
and what I think are its harms. My paper has three main parts. In the first
part, I use a dialogical framework to argue that much of the discursive
activity online is manifested as an ethically impoverished
other-directedness and interactivity. In the second part, I identify and
discuss several reasons that help explain why so much of the discursive
activity on social media is ethically lacking. And (...) in the final part,
I mention some of the effects these discursive practices have on us even
when offline. Specifically, I suggest that the persistent use of digital
communication technologies trains its users to adopt these problematic
online discursive attitudes and activities into their experiences offline,
making it more difficult for them to engage with themselves and others in
more dialogically ethical ways. (shrink)
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77. 2023-11-28
Levels of Fundamentality in the Metaphysics of Physics.Karen Crowther -
manuscriptdetails
Within physics there are two ways of establishing the relative
fundamentality of one theory compared to another, via two senses of
reduction: "inter-level" and "intra-level" (Crowther, 2018). The former is
standardly recognised as roughly correlating with the chain of ontological
dependence (i.e., the phenomena described by theories of macro-physics are
typically supposed to be ontologically dependent on the entities/behaviour
described by theories of micro-physics), and thus has been of interest to
naturalised metaphysics. The latter, though, has not been considered
interesting (...) for metaphysics, because it is not thought to correlate
either with ontological dependence, nor causal or dynamical dependence. I
argue, however, that this is a mistake, and that actually, the intra-level
relation does reflect ontological dependence (in the same sense as the
inter-level relation) and thus should not be neglected by metaphysics of
physics. This argument further supports the assertion that the same notion
of fundamentality underlies both the inter- and intra-level claims of
fundamentality in physics, and that this notion of relative fundamentality
in physics correlates with that of metaphysics. (shrink)
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78. 2023-11-28
Carnapian frameworks.Gabriel L. Broughton - 2021 - Synthese 199
(1-2):4097-4126.details
Carnap’s seminal ‘Empiricism, Semantics and Ontology’ makes important use
of the notion of a framework and the related distinction between internal
and external questions. But what exactly is a framework? And what role does
the internal/external distinction play in Carnap’s metaontology? In an
influential series of papers, Matti Eklund has recently defended a
bracingly straightforward interpretation: A Carnapian framework, Eklund
says, is just a natural language. To ask an internal question, then, is
just to ask a question in, say, English. (...) To try to ask an external
question is to try, absurdly, to ask a question in no language at all.
Finding that so trivial an I/e distinction can’t help to explain Carnap’s
deflationary metaontology, Eklund is led to attribute to Carnap a view he
calls ontological pluralism. In this paper, I show that Eklund misreads
Carnap, and I argue that this misreading obscures fundamental features of
Carnap’s philosophy. I then defend an account of frameworks as what Carnap
called semantical systems, and I place this account in the context of
Carnap’s philosophical program of explication. Finally, I discuss the role
that frameworks and the I/e distinction play in ESO, showing that ESO
provides no reason to attribute the doctrine of ontological pluralism to
Carnap. (shrink)
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79. 2023-11-28
Confronting Silences.Robert A. Wilson - 2023 - Tapuya: Latin American
Science, Technology and Society 6 (1):1-5.details
This open-access editorial discusses confronting silences in different
disciplinary contexts, such as science and technology studies, cultural
anthropology, and philosophy. It has a focus on race and concludes with
thoughts about Indigenous expertise, the Australian referendum on the
Indigenous Voice, to parliament, and racism.
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1. 2023-12-02
The Status of Video Games as Self-Involving Interactive Fictions: Fuzzy
Intervals and Hard Identifications.Kristina Šekrst - 2023 - Sic: Journal
of Literature, Culture and Literary Translation 3.details
The goal of this paper is to see how mental and language representations
are unique from a video-game perspective, using two main criteria. First,
I will posit that the level of being both an interactive work of fiction
and a self-involving interactive fiction belongs to a fuzzy interval and
that some works – and, therefore, some video games – are more immersive
than others. Second, I will observe how propositions tie the player’s
representations of the real world and the game (...) world. Starting from
psychological theories of pretense in children’s make-believe games, I
will then expand Nichols and Stich’s cognitive theory of pretense to
include an extra layer related to the game world, i.e., player-specific
representations that govern player-specific propositions. The
representations dealing with the work world are the socially shared ones,
while the possible-world representations, dealing with most of the game
world, are player-specific and tied to unique language use. (shrink)
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2. 2023-12-02
The Doctrine of Exemplarism: A Symbolic Attempt to Escape the Pelagian
Heresy.Liran Shia Gordon - 2023 - Religions 14 (12):1494-1505.details
Heresies are intrinsically intertwined with the evolution and inner growth
of the very religions that denounce them. They serve as theological
junctures, challenging and thus refining the orthodoxy of religious
beliefs. The Pelagian heresy touches on one of the central tenets of
Christian theology: the question of salvation. Pelagianism posits that
human beings retain freedom of the will and, more specifically, the
capacity to earn salvation through their own merits rather than relying
solely on the grace of God in Christ. (...) This stands in contrast to the
predominant Christian view that Original Sin fundamentally impaired man’s
will and intellect. A central tenet of Christianity is that through His
suffering and death on the Cross, Christ atoned for humanity’s Original
Sin and paved the way for our redemption. But what exactly made this
redemption possible through the suffering and death on the Cross? Unlike
many of the answers offered, Abelard’s explanation, also referred to as
exemplarism, resonates with modern sensibilities: Christ set an example to
imitate, and through this imitation, man learns humility and love.
However, this stance faced criticism and was condemned by Bernard of
Clairvaux as having Pelagian tendencies because it suggests that Christ’s
redemptive work might not inherently require Christ’s divine nature. This
study will attempt to defend the exemplaristic approach while ensuring
Christ’s essential role and addressing criticisms against the Pelagian
heresy. This discussion is further enriched by an examination of the
Eucharist, illuminating the theological tension between symbolic and
realistic interpretations of religious rites. (shrink)
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3. 2023-12-02
A plea for epistemic ontologies.Gilles Kassel - forthcoming - Applied
ontology.details
In this article, we advocate the use of “epistemic” ontologies, i.e.
systems of categories representing our knowledge of the world, rather than
the world directly. We first expose a metaphysical framework based on a
dual mental and physical realism, which underpins the development of these
epistemic ontologies. To this end, we refer to the theories of
intentionality and representation established within the school of Franz
Brentano at the turn of the 20th century and choose to rehabilitate the
notion of a (...) ‘representation object’, as theorized by Kasimir
Twardowski. We therefore propose that the categories of epistemic
ontologies correspond to ‘general representation objects’. Secondly, we
apply these proposals to the treatment of technical artefacts, material
qualities of objects and events (notably as a continuation of our previous
work on events). This leads us to sketch out a foundational epistemic
ontology. (shrink)
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4. 2023-12-02
The Word of God from the Perspectives of Practical and Pure Mind.Yuriy
Rotenfeld - unknowndetails
This article explores the concept of the "Word of God" from three
perspectives: the perspective of classification concepts inherent in
natural language with its reasoning thinking (rassudok), and the
perspective of mind thinking (razum). At the same time, mind thinking in
comparative terms is divided into two fundamentally different parts,
limited by particular and general concepts. The former arise from nature
through our sense organs, for example, light and darkness, day and night,
heavy and light - these are practical mind (...) concepts, the foundations
of natural sciences. Whereas the latter are categories of pure mind, such
as identity and difference, oppositions - the product of our
conceptualizing thinking, providing the foundations of philosophy,
understood as a rigorous Divine science. The author analyzes the text of
the Torah and concludes that the words of the Almighty: light and
darkness, day and night, evening and morning, and others - are accessible
to universal understanding as particular comparative concepts of a
gradational nature. Furthermore, the Torah presents another, more complex
type of particular comparative concepts - concepts of an orthogonal
nature, describing all six days of creation as the transition from day and
night to evening and morning - "And there was evening and there was
morning: the first day." At the same time, it is known that the words of
God the almighty express his actions, and not so much in the form of their
specific manifestation – they relate to the general principles of the
Universe, which require extremely general comparative concepts far from
the sensory world. The task of creating a science that reveals the mind
and wisdom of the one and invisible God was taken up by the ancient Greek
philosophers - lovers of wisdom. Unlike the reasoning thinking of most
people, they comprehended the diversity of reality not only from the
standpoint of particular comparative concepts - concepts of practical
mind, but also from the standpoint of extremely general comparative
concepts - categories of pure mind, revealing the universal design of the
Creator. By separating from religious and emotional prejudices, the author
comprehends forgotten or misunderstood thoughts of famous thinkers of the
past, revealing the essence of comparative concepts, and collects them
according to their rank into a verifiable cumulative philosophical Matrix
- a panlogical paradigm of knowledge. As a result, the author concludes
that these insights can be used not only for a correct understanding of
biblical texts, particularly the Words of the Almighty, but also to bridge
the gap between theology, humanities, and natural sciences, which is
determined by the fundamental divergence between reasoning, mind, and
wisdom. (shrink)
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5. 2023-12-02
The Logic of Sir William Hamilton: Tunnelling Through Sand to Place the
Keystone in the Aristotelic Arch.Ralph Jessop & Dov M. Gabbay (eds.) -
2008details
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6. 2023-12-02
Inquiry Beyond Knowledge.Bob Beddor - forthcoming - Philosophy and
Phenomenological Research.details
Why engage in inquiry? According to many philosophers, the goal of
inquiring into some question is to come to know its answer. While this
view holds considerable appeal, this paper argues that it stands in
tension with another highly attractive thesis: knowledge does not require
absolute certainty. Forced to choose between these two theses, I argue
that we should reject the idea that inquiry aims at knowledge. I go on to
develop an alternative view, according to which inquiry aims at (...)
maximizing the epistemic value of our credences. This alternative view
makes room for knowledge that falls shy of certainty, and it coheres
nicely with a rich body of work in epistemic decision theory. I proceed to
highlight the implications of this replacement for some important topics
in epistemology, including the dogmatism paradox, the nature of
interrogative attitudes, and the norm of practical reasoning. (shrink)
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7. 2023-12-02
BMF CP58: Assessing the needs of healthcare information for assisting
family caregivers in cancer fear management.Ni Putu Wulan Purnama Sari -
2023 - Sm3D Portal.details
The current study aims to examine how types of demanded healthcare
information affect the FCG’s role in reducing the fear of female cancer
patients (i.e., cancer-specific information, caregiver-specific
information, therapy-specific information, information on cancer physical
needs, information on alternative therapies, and information on support
services).
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8. 2023-12-02
Making The Epic New: Notes On The Russian Translation Of The Cantos.Andrei
Bronnikov - 2019 - Literature of the Americas 7:452-465.details
A brief account of the first Russian translation of The Cantos of Ezra
Pound is presented. The problems encountered during translation are
considered, and the translator’s and editorial decisions are discussed. An
overview of the references used during the work on the translation and
commentaries is presented. The central problem of translating The Cantos
is identified as a lack of poetic language and techniques in Russian
literature that are comparable with those of Anglo-American modernism. The
methods of creating the modernist (...) epic in Russian poetry are
discussed and examples of similar attempts made by predecessors are
mentioned. In particular, the translations made by N.I. Gnedich, M.L.
Lozinsky, A.Ya. Sergeev, S.S. Khoruzhi and V.A. Hinkis, as well as
translations of ancient Greek and Chinese literature are mentioned. Among
all the various factors influencing the transition of the text from one
literature to the other, authenticity, persuasiveness and laconism are
stressed as the major reference points not only for translating the text,
but also for commenting on the translation and writing the biographical
notes. Every effort was made to ensure that the book would look and feel
like an artifact of Pound’s lifetime. This is perfectly in line with the
concept of Fortleben of the original text, as was suggested by Walter
Benjamin. In this way, the translation is seen not only as an
interpretation of the text, but as the renewal, survival and prolongation
of the text’s life. (shrink)
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9. 2023-12-02
The bayesvl computing program saw increasing downloads in November
2023.Team A. I. S. D. L. - 2023 - Sm3D Portal.details
According to data provided by CRAN, in November 2023, the number of
downloads of the bayesvl program reached 293, showing an increase of
+57.5% compared to the previous month.
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10. 2023-12-02
African Socialism in Retrospect: Karim Hirji’s "The Travails of a
Tanzanian Teacher".Zeyad El Nabolsy - 2022 - In Louis Allday & Mahmoud
Najib (eds.), Liberated Texted, Collected Reviews: Volume One. Oxford: Ebb
Books. pp. 223 - 234.details
Hirji’s book, somewhat overlooked since its release, offers a compelling
analysis of the history and sociology of the sciences in Tanzania, with a
focus on Hirji’s own field of statistics, from the post-independence
period through to the 2010s. The first chapter provides an overview of
Hirji’s career as a teacher. The second presents an account of Hirji’s
experiences as a teacher under training, especially in light of the Arusha
Declaration of 1967 and the turn towards building socialism in Tanzania,
and (...) the philosophy of education for self-reliance that Nyerere
attempted to institutionalize. The next four chapters provide a detailed
account of Hirji’s years as a teacher at the University of Dar Es Salaam
(UDSM) from 1971 until his dismissal and internal-exile in 1974. (shrink)
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11. 2023-12-02
“Expertise” as Systematized Historical Amnesia: Springborg’s "Egypt" as a
Case Study. [REVIEW]Zeyad El Nabolsy - 2021 - Houston Review of
Books.details
If a short, shallow, and much less erudite version of the Description de
l’Égypte were to be re-written today by a US State Department staff member
it would read very much like the book which is under review here.
Springborg is supposedly an “expert on Egyptian affairs”, however it seems
that a basic understanding of modern Egyptian history in its global
context is not a necessary condition for being considered an “expert on
Egyptian affairs”. This book is thus valuable not (...) for any
first-order knowledge that it contains regarding Egypt’s post-1952
history, but rather as a case study for understanding how “expertise”
regarding the MENA region is constructed, and how “experts” can serve to
obscure the past and present of imperialism in the region. (shrink)
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12. 2023-12-02
Is the World of the Elites Really Flat? The View from Egypt: Critical
Remarks on Sandra Halperin’s "Re-Envisioning Global
Development". [REVIEW]Zeyad El Nabolsy - 2020 - Jadaliyya.details
Sandra Halperin's book is a Janus-faced creature. On the one hand,
Halperin attempts to retrieve dependency theory, an approach to
socio-economic analysis that many have relegated to the dustbin of
history. On the other, Halperin attempts to retrieve dependency theory by
universalizing it. In doing so, however, she attempts to sever dependency
theory from its historical association with the national liberation
struggles of the Global South. That Halperin's book takes dependency
theory so seriously may perhaps explain why it has been (...) ignored, for
it has not been reviewed in any English academic journal as far as I can
tell. Yet for those of us who do not believe that dependency theory is
dead, this book raises important questions: what are the costs that one
incurs when one attempts to retrieve dependency theory by disconnecting it
from the Global South struggles to which it has been tethered? This
question animates this review. While I argue that Halperin's attempt to
revive dependency theory by universalizing it ultimately leads to an
erasure of imperialism, the value of this book is precisely that it brings
such issues to the forefront. Thus, what is at stake in this book is the
relevance of theories of imperialism for the study of the Global South.
(shrink)
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13. 2023-12-02
Marxian Meritocracy: A Development Alternative of Econometrics.Pratama
Angga - manuscriptdetails
This analysis examines economic collectivization, which is one of the
problems in modern economic studies, and reconstruction efforts through a
Marxian economic approach with an emphasis on meritocracy. This analysis
highlights criticism of modern economic approaches which tend to be
abstract, ignore practical aspects of economics, and ignore social
problems. The Marxian economic approach is seen as an alternative that
prioritizes use-value in economics rather than simply exchange-value.
Through Marxian meritocracy, it is hoped that collaboration between
econometrics analysts and human (...) resources can produce more relevant
economic analysis, consider forgotten social aspects, and support
sustainable economic collectivization. (shrink)
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14. 2023-12-02
Platonizm i marginalʹnostʹ slova.Andrei Bronnikov - 2016 - Platonovskie
Issledovanija / Πλατωνικὰ Ζητήματα 1:185-200.details
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15. 2023-12-02
Platonovskaja idealʹnostʹ teksta.Andrei Bronnikov - 2014 - Platonovskie
Issledovanija / Πλατωνικὰ Ζητήματα 1:415-433.details
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16. 2023-12-02
As formas substanciais na Metafísica de Aristóteles.Pedro Teixeira Zanchin
- 2022 - Dissertation, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Suldetails
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17. 2023-12-02
O PRINCÍPIO DE NÃO-CONTRADIÇÃO COMO CONDIÇÃO SINE QUA NON PARA EVITAR O
COLAPSO DO DISCURSO SIGNIFICATIVO – UMA DEFESA DA LEITURA SEMÂNTICA GERAL
DE METAFÍSICA Γ 4 1005b35- 1007a8.Débora Oliveira Silva - 2022 -
Dissertation, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Suldetails
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18. 2023-12-02
Sustainable Development Goals and energy transition in Latin America and
the Caribbean: The quest to reduce social and economic inequalities.Daniel
Francisco Nagao Menezes & Luís Renato Vedovato - 2023 - Artículo de
Investigación.details
El estudio evalúa los vínculos entre la transición energética existentes
en América Latina y el Caribe y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible
(ODS) relacionados con la innovación (ODS 9), la igualdad (ODS 10) y las
instituciones (ODS 16). El estudio sostiene que si las opciones de
tecnología energética en la región continúan siendo impulsadas por la
racionalidad tecnoeconómica, muchas demandas impuestas a la transición
energética seguirán sin satisfacerse, es decir, no se resuelven los
desafíos preexistentes (ODS 9, 10 y 16). (...) Por tanto para que la
transición energética sea equitativa y compatible con el clima, es
necesario conceptualizar e implementar en la práctica nuevas formas de
integrar y actuar sobre el conocimiento inter y transdisciplinario, lo que
implica la creación de una interfaz entre las comunidades locales
(conocimiento indígena y comunidad), comunidad de investigación
(conocimiento local e internacional sobre clima-energía) y formuladores de
políticas (conocimiento sobre políticas). (shrink)
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19. 2023-12-02
Retractions in Arts and Humanities: an Analysis of the Retraction
Notices.Ivan Heibi & Silvio Peroni - manuscriptdetails
The aim of this work is to understand the retraction phenomenon in the
arts and humanities domain through an analysis of the retraction notices –
formal documents stating and describing the retraction of a particular
publication. The retractions and the corresponding notices are identified
using the data provided by Retraction Watch. Our methodology for the
analysis combines a metadata analysis and a content analysis (mainly
performed using a topic modeling process) of the retraction notices.
Considering 343 cases of retraction, we (...) found that many retraction
notices are neither identifiable nor findable. In addition, these were not
always separated from the original papers, introducing ambiguity in
understanding how these notices were perceived by the community (i.e.,
cited). Also, we noticed that there is no systematic way to write a
retraction notice. Indeed, some retraction notices presented a complete
discussion of the reasons for retraction, while others tended to be more
direct and succinct. We have also reported many notices having similar
text while addressing different retractions. We think a further study with
a larger collection should be done using the same methodology to confirm
and investigate our findings further. (shrink)
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20. 2023-12-02
Third Party Duty of Justice.Kumie Hattori - 2023 - Archiv für Rechts- und
Sozialphilosophie 9999 (9999):1-25.details
This paper explores the theoretical basis of the third party’s duty of
justice as to grave human rights violations, presenting role obligations
as the best complement to the literature. It begins with discussions on
agents of justice in duty-based theories, notably O’Neill’s account on
global justice, and rights-based theories, which are both included in the
institution-centred perspective. I claim that these studies have failed to
consider an individual duty bearer’s motive, autonomous reasoning and
integrity in relation to justice, all of (...) which constitute serious
lacunae for the effective accomplishment of responsibility. To supplement,
I introduce the distinction between responsibility and commitment, and
acknowledge that combining the two is the desirable condition for
recognising the duty of justice. Finally, I argue that the role
obligations undertaken through personal acceptance of an institution-based
role or a commitment-based role related to human rights norms adequately
explain third parties’ duty to protect others from serious harm. (shrink)
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21. 2023-12-02
From the Collective Obligations of Social Movements to the Individual
Obligations of Their Members.Paul-Mikhail Catapang Podosky & William
Tuckwell - forthcoming - In Säde Hormio & Bill Wringe (eds.), Collective
Responsibility: Perspectives on Political Philosophy from Social Ontology.
Springer.details
This paper explores the implications of Zeynep Tufekci’s capacities
approach to social movements, which explains the strength of social
movements in terms of their capacities. Tufekci emphasises that the
capacities of contemporary social movements largely depend upon their uses
of new digital technologies, and of social media in particular. We show
that Tufekci’s approach has important implications for the structure of
social movements, whether and what obligations they can have, and for how
these obligations distribute to their members. In exploring (...) these
implications, we develop a tripartite taxonomy of social movements. Each
type of social movement in the taxonomy corresponds to a different type of
group: social campaigns, social struggles, and social agitations. We show
that all three types of social movement can bear obligations in virtue of
their capacities. Finally, we argue that a surprising upshot of the
obligations of social movements is that members of oppressed groups can
have obligations to resist their own oppression in virtue of being members
of social movements. (shrink)
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22. 2023-12-02
La teoría crítica de la resonancia de Hartmut Rosa frente a la
aceleración: ¿Más allá del paternalismo y del totalitarismo?José L.
López-González - 2023 - Disputatio. Philosophical Research Bulletin 12
(24):119-141.details
Con su teoría crítica de la resonancia, Hartmut Rosa ha propuesto las
bases de un modelo para evaluar normativamente y afrontar en la práctica
las consecuencias de la aceleración social y su inherente tendencia al
crecimiento y la innovación. Dicho modelo ha supuesto una bocanada de aire
fresco en la Teoría Crítica para reflexionar sobre una dinámica que
atraviesa la práctica totalidad de las actividades sociales. No obstante,
también ha sido asociado a determinadas características que podrían
hacerlo merecedor de dos (...) calificativos siempre reprobados por la
Teoría Crítica: el paternalismo y el totalitarismo. Con el fin de
contribuir a los debates suscitados por el trabajo de Rosa, la pretensión
de este artículo es mostrar el modo en que su planteamiento pretende
sortear esas acusaciones al apoyarse especialmente en el concepto de
Weltbeziehung [relaciones con el mundo]. (shrink)
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23. 2023-12-02
La turistificación del trabajo: bases para la crítica de un fenómeno de la
aceleración social manifestado en el bleisure y el workation (2nd
edition).José L. López-González - 2023 - Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales
41 (2):335-348.details
Una de las manifestaciones más agresivas del aumento de las velocidades y
del cambio social, característico de las sociedades aceleradas, se da en
la creación de tendencias laborales basadas en la hibridación entre
trabajo y tiempo libre. Proyectadas sobre una idea positiva de la
flexibilidad y del autocontrol, mantienen una estrecha relación con
niveles altos de autointensificación. Este artículo reconstruye los rasgos
básicos de prácticas formalizadas como el bleisure o el workation para
caracterizar un fenómeno de la aceleración más específico (...) dentro de
esta tendencia, al que denomino “turistificación del trabajo”. Este
concepto resalta la atribución específica de rasgos atractivos de la
práctica turística al trabajo con fines productivos. Frente a los
discursos positivos sobre la movilidad y el turismo asociados a este
fenómeno, se sugieren las bases de un modelo de crítica para reconocer sus
implicaciones alienantes negativas en relación con la vida buena. (shrink)
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24. 2023-12-01
La turistificación del trabajo: bases para la crítica de un fenómeno de la
aceleración social manifestado en el bleisure y el workation.Jose L.
Lopez-Gonzalez - 2023 - Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales 41
(2):335-348.details
Una de las manifestaciones más agresivas del aumento de las velocidades y
del cambio social, característico de las sociedades aceleradas, se da en
la creación de tendencias laborales basadas en la hibridación entre
trabajo y tiempo libre. Proyectadas sobre una idea positiva de la
flexibilidad y del autocontrol, mantienen una estrecha relación con
niveles altos de autointensificación. Este artículo reconstruye los rasgos
básicos de prácticas formalizadas como el bleisure o el workation para
caracterizar un fenómeno de la aceleración más específico (...) dentro de
esta tendencia, al que denomino “turistificación del trabajo”. Este
concepto resalta la atribución específica de rasgos atractivos de la
práctica turística al trabajo con fines productivos. Frente a los
discursos positivos sobre la movilidad y el turismo asociados a este
fenómeno, se sugieren las bases de un modelo de crítica para reconocer sus
implicaciones alienantes negativas en relación con la vida buena. (shrink)
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25. 2023-12-01
Making Fair Comparisons in Political Theory.Sean Ingham & David Wiens -
forthcoming - American Journal of Political Science.details
Normative political theorists frequently compare hypothetical scenarios
for the purpose of identifying reasons to prefer one kind of institution
to alternatives. We examine three types of "unfair" comparisons and the
reasoning errors associated with each. A theorist makes an _obscure
comparison_ when one (or more) of the alternatives under consideration is
underspecified; a theorist makes a _mismatched comparison_ when they fail
to hold fixed the relevant contextual factors while comparing
alternatives; and a theorist makes an _irrelevant comparison_ when they
compare (...) alternatives assuming contextual factors that differ in
important respects from those they "should" assume given their theoretical
aims. We then introduce the notion of a modeling mindset and show how this
mindset can help theorists detect and avoid the three types of error. We
conclude with a reconstruction of Cohen's (2009) camping trip thought
experiment to illustrate the approach. (shrink)
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26. 2023-12-01
The Reciprocal of The Butterfly Theorem.Ion Pătrașcu & Florentin
Smarandache - unknowndetails
In this paper, we present two proofs of the reciprocal butterfly theorem.
The statement of the butterfly theorem is: Let us consider a chord PQ of
midpoint M in the circle Ω(O). Through M, two other chords AB and CD are
drawn, such that A and C are on the same side of PQ. We denote by X and U
the intersection of AD respectively CB with PQ. Consequently, XM = YM. For
the proof of this theorem, see [1]. The (...) reciprocal of the butterfly
theorem has the following statement: In the circle Ω(O), let us consider
the chords PQ, AB and CD which are concurrent in the point M≠O, such as
the points A and C are on the same side of the line PQ. Let X and Y
respectively be the intersections of the chord PQ with AD and BC
respectively. If XM = YM, then M is the middle of the chord PQ. (shrink)
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27. 2023-12-01
Several New Types of Neutrosophic Set.Florentin Smarandache -
unknowndetails
In the literature, new types of neutrosophic sets have been introduced in
the meantime by the growing neutrosophic community. We present a few:
Pythagorean Neutrosophic Set, Fermatean Neutrosophic Set, Generalized
Fermatean Neutrosophic Set, n-power Neutrosophic Set, Cubic Spherical
Neutrosophic Set, Spherical Neutrosophic Set, n-HyperSpherical
Neutrosophic Set, Refined n-HyperSpherical Neutrosophic Set.
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28. 2023-12-01
Solar Power Plant Location Selection Problem by using ELECTRE-III Method
in Pythagorean Neutrosophic Programming Approach (A case study on Green
Energy in India).Rajesh Kumar Saini, Ashik Ahirwar Ahirwa & Florentin
Smarandache - unknowndetails
India dropped its target of 500 GW of renewable energy capacity fossil
fuel sources by 2030. Its responsibilities the United Nations Framework
Convention Climate Change [UNFCCC],and reducing radiations by one billion
tonnes by the end of the decade at the COP26 conference, held in Glasgow
in November 2022. Researchers are continually searching for inexhaustible
and reasonable energy sources. Solar energy is one of the greenest sources
of energy and is also one of the cleanest. The most important factor in
using (...) solar energy is the location of the solar power plant. The
main objective of this study is to find the best location for a new solar
power plant in a specific region called Bundelkhand region of Uttar
Pradesh in India. Here we offer an extension of ELECTRE III method as
two-phase Pythagorean neutrosophic elimination and choice translating
reality PN-ELECTRE-III) method to adapt with fuzzy, ambiguous, unsure, and
indeterminate criteria. The Pythagorean neutrosophic numbers [PNNs] used
by the group decision support system of PN-ELECTRE III to measure
performance of the alternatives. The options are entirely outclassed in
the subsequent stage in view of the past stage's evaluations of them. By
defining PNN we describe the technique of indifference threshold
functions, preference treshold and veto threshold functions, which provide
a more stable basis to drop outranking relations. By calculating the
concordance credibility, discordance credibility and net credibility
degrees of each alternative, the ranking module of the PN-ELECTRE III
approach is made simpler. In order to confirm the applicability of the
strategy suggested in this paper, the location selection problem for solar
plants is finaly solved. (shrink)
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29. 2023-12-01
Theory on Duplicity of Finite Neutrosophic Rings.T. Chalapathi, K.
Kumaraswamy Naidu, D. Harish Babu & Florentin Smarandache - 2023 -
Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 55.details
This article introduces the notion of duplex elements of the finite rings
and corresponding neutrosophic rings. The authors establish duplex ring
Dup(R) and neutrosophic duplex ring Dup(R)I)) by way of various
illustrations. The tables of different duplicities are constructed to
reveal the comparison between rings Dup(Zn), Dup(Dup(Zn)) and
Dup(Dup(Dup(Zn ))) for the cyclic ring Zn . The proposed duplicity
structures have several algebraic systems with dissimilar consequences.
Author’s characterize finite rings with R + R is different from the duplex
ring (...) Dup(R). However, this characterization supports that R + R =
Dup(R) for some well known rings, namely zero rings and finite fields.
(shrink)
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30. 2023-12-01
The NILPOTENT Characterization of the finite neutrosophic
p-groups.Florentin Smarandache - 2022 - International Journal of
Neutrosophic Science 19.details
A well known and referenced global result is the nilpotent
characterisation of the finite p-groups. This un doubtedly transends into
neutrosophy. Hence, this fact of the neutrosophic nilpotent p-groups is
worth critical studying and comprehensive analysis. The nilpotent
characterisation depicts that there exists a derived series (Lower
Central) which must terminate at {ϵ} (an identity), after a finite number
of steps. Now, Suppose that G(I) is a neutrosophic p-group of class at
least m ≥ 3. We show in this paper (...) that Lm−1(G(I)) is abelian and
hence G(I) possesses a characteristic abelian neutrosophic subgroup which
is not supposed to be contained in Z(G(I)). Furthermore, If L3(G(I)) = 1
such that pm is the highest order of an element of G(I)/L2(G(I)) (where
G(I) is any neutrosophic p-group) then no element of L2(G(I)) has an order
higher than pm. (shrink)
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31. 2023-12-01
The Use of Neutrosophic Methods of Operation Research in the Management of
Corporate Work.Florentin Smarandache - 2023 - Neutrosophic Systems with
Applications 3.details
The science of operations research is one of the modern sciences that have
made a great revolution in all areas of life through the methods provided
by it, suitable and appropriate to solve most of the problems that were
facing researchers, scholars and those interested in the development of
societies, and the most beneficiaries of this science were companies and
institutions that are looking for scientific methods that help them manage
their work so that they achieve the greatest profit and (...) the lowest
cost, and one of the important methods that have been used in the
management of companies we offer in this research two methods, Dynamic
programming method. This method has been used in many practical matters
and helped decision-makers in companies to achieve a maximum profit and
less cost by formulating the reality of the state of the company and the
data provided by decision-makers with a dynamic mathematical model that is
solved using methods of solving dynamic models and we will provide in this
research an example of this through the issue of choosing the optimal
investment for the budget of a company so that it achieves a maximum
profit, and the method of programming with integers: the method that
provided these companies with solutions with integer values suitable for
the nature of its work, through the use of the binary integer in the
formulation of the appropriate mathematical model on the one hand, and on
the other hand, the use of the binary integer variable helped to convert
some nonlinear models that lead to some practical problems into linear
models, and it should be noted here that in the previous two methods there
is something indeterminable because we must make a decision in choosing or
not choosing something, but the optimal solution that we will get remains
A specific value because we are building the mathematical model for any
realistic issue through the data provided by those responsible for the
work and these data are calculated quantities and therefore they are
uncertain values because their validity depends on the circumstances
surrounding the work environment, they may be exposed to increase or
decrease, and therefore the optimal solution on which the company will
base its decision is suitable for specific values and any change in them
can cause the company an uncalculated loss, so in this research we will
use the concepts of neutrosophic science, the branch of science founded by
the American scientist Florentin Smarandache in 1995 based on his belief
that there is no absolute truth, a science that is interested in the study
of ideas and concepts that are neither true nor false, but just in
between, and we will take the data (calculated quantities) neutrosophic
values that are specified or unspecified values are any set close to the
calculated quantities, then the resulting mathematical model is a
neutrosophic model and the optimal solution has neutrosophic values and
thanks to the indefinite uncertainty that these values have, companies
from the development of appropriate plans for all circumstances and thus
achieve the greatest profit and the lowest cost, and we will clarify the
above through two issues, the issue of optimal designation of a warehouse
site, which we will formulate the mathematical model of using the
neutrosophic integer programming method - and the issue of capital budget,
which we will present in two different forms, we use in the first form the
neutrosophic integer programming method and in the second the neutrosophic
dynamic programming method. (shrink)
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32. 2023-12-01
Towards Soliton Computer Based on Solitary Wave Solution of Maxwell Dirac
equation: A Plausible Alternative to Manakov System.Victor Christianto &
Florentin Smarandache - 2023 - Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences
42.details
In recent years, there are a number of proposals to consider
collision-based soliton computer based on certain chemical reactions,
namely Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, which leads to soliton solutions of
coupled Nonlinear Schroedinger equations. They are called Manakov System.
But it seems to us that such a soliton computer model can also be based on
solitary wave solution of Maxwell-Dirac equation, which reduces to
Choquard equation. And soliton solution of Choquard equation has been
investigated by many researchers, therefore it seems more profound (...)
from physics perspective. However, we consider both schemes of soliton
computer are equally possible. More researches are needed to verify our
proposition. (shrink)
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33. 2023-12-01
Espectralidades tendenciales: Sobre el Marx de Derrida y la pregunta por
la historia.Alejo Stark - 2019 - Revista Demarcaciones 7:182-200.details
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34. 2023-12-01
¿Entre Bergson y Einstein? Mariátegui y la pluralidad espacio-temporal de
la historia.Alejo Stark (ed.) - 2020 - Buenos Aires: CLACSO.details
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35. 2023-12-01
Kuhn's Controversial Legacy.Vasso Kindi - 2023 - Revue Roumaine de
Philosophie 67 (2):197-210.details
In the paper I will, first, address certain apparent tensions in relation
to Kuhn’s legacy in the history of science. Kuhn was a historian before he
became a philosopher of science. He had done and published historical
work, he only had history graduate students, he imbued philosophy of
science with historical considerations. And, yet, his widely acknowledged
influence on the history of science came mostly through his philosophical
work which is, nevertheless, brushed off by historians of science as
making dated (...) overarching and generalizing claims when their own
attention has been increasingly focusing on the local and the particular.
Secondly, I will discuss how Kuhn used history, the facts of the past, in
his historical philosophy of science and will present a reading that takes
his model of science as a Wittgensteinian object of comparison. Lastly, I
will argue that Kuhn’s philosophical work impacted developments in the
historiography of science and the corresponding discipline. (shrink)
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36. 2023-12-01
Real Examples of NeutroGeometry & AntiGeometry.Florentin Smarandache -
2023 - Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 55.details
For the classical Geometry, in a geometrical space, all items (concepts,
axioms, theorems, etc.) are totally (100%) true. But, in the real world,
many items are not totally true. The NeutroGeometry is a geometrical space
that has some items that are only partially true (and partially
indeterminate, and partially false), and no item that is totally false.
The AntiGeometry is a geometrical space that has some item that are
totally (100%) false. While the Non-Euclidean Geometries [hyperbolic and
elliptic geometries] resulted (...) from the total negation of only one
specific axiom (Euclid’s Fifth Postulate), the AntiGeometry results from
the total negation of any axiom [and in general: theorem, concept, idea
etc.] and even of more axioms [theorem, concept, idea, etc.] and in
general from any geometric axiomatic system (Euclid’s five postulates,
Hilbert’s 20 axioms, etc.), and the NeutroAxiom results from the partial
negation of any axiom (or concept, theorem, idea, etc.). Clearly, the
AntiGeometry is a generalization of Non-Euclidean Geometries. (shrink)
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37. 2023-12-01
Pura Vida Neutrosophic Algebra.Ranulfo Paiva Barbosa & Florentin
Smarandache - 2023 - Neutrosophic Systems with Applications 9.details
We introduce Pura Vida Neutrosophic Algebra, an algebraic structure
consisting of neutrosophic numbers equipped with two binary operations
namely addition and multiplication. The addition can be calculated
sometimes with the function min and other times with the max function. The
multiplication operation is the usual sum between numbers. Pura Vida
Neutrosophic Algebra is an extension of both Tropical Algebra (also known
as Min-Plus, or Min-Algebra) and Max-Plus Algebra (also known as
Max-algebra). Tropical and Max-Plus algebras are algebraic structures
included in (...) semirings and their operations can be used in matrices
and vectors. Pura Vida Neutrosophic Algebra is included in Neutrosophic
semirings and can be used in Neutrosophic matrices and vectors. (shrink)
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38. 2023-12-01
Robot carers, ethics, and older people.Tom Sorell & Heather Draper - 2014
- Ethics and Information Technology 16 (3):183-195.details
This paper offers an ethical framework for the development of robots as
home companions that are intended to address the isolation and reduced
physical functioning of frail older people with capacity, especially those
living alone in a noninstitutional setting. Our ethical framework gives
autonomy priority in a list of purposes served by assistive technology in
general, and carebots in particular. It first introduces the notion of
“presence” and draws a distinction between humanoid multi-function robots
and non-humanoid robots to suggest that (...) the former provide a more
sophisticated presence than the latter. It then looks at the difference
between lower-tech assistive technological support for older people and
its benefits, and contrasts these with what robots can offer. This
provides some context for the ethical assessment of robotic assistive
technology. We then consider what might need to be added to presence to
produce care from a companion robot that deals with older people’s reduced
functioning and isolation. Finally, we outline and explain our ethical
framework. We discuss how it combines sometimes conflicting values that
the design of a carebot might incorporate, if informed by an analysis of
the different roles that can be served by a companion robot. (shrink)
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39. 2023-12-01
The relationship between concerns of local issues and water conservation
behaviors: Insights from Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.Minh-Phuong Thi
Duong, Dan Li, Minh-Hoang Nguyen & Quan-Hoang Vuong - manuscriptdetails
With growing global concerns about water scarcity and environmental
sustainability, understanding the factors influencing individual water
conservation behaviors is crucial. This study utilizes the Bayesian
Mindsponge Framework (BMF) analytics to investigate the relationship
between concerns of local issues and water conservation behaviors in a
sample of 1831 residents in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. New Mexico is an
arid region of which 90% faced severe drought driven by the most
significant wildfire in state history and some of the driest months ever
(...) recorded in 2022. The results show a positive association between
the drought or water scarcity concern and the number of water conservation
behaviors adopted. Likewise, the positive association between the concern
about population growth and development and water conservation behaviors
is also observed. However, further examination is needed due to the weak
reliability of this relationship. In contrast, negative associations
between concerns about water quality and water bills with water
conservation behaviors are also identified. Based on these findings, the
study discusses the potential of building the eco-surplus culture by
improving information dissemination of water-saving methods and existing
water-related issues in the local areas. (shrink)
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40. 2023-12-01
The expected AI as a sociocultural construct and its impact on the
discourse on technology.Auli Viidalepp - 2023 - Dissertation, University
of Tartudetails
The thesis introduces and criticizes the discourse on technology, with a
specific reference to the concept of AI. The discourse on AI is
particularly saturated with reified metaphors which drive connotations and
delimit understandings of technology in society. To better analyse the
discourse on AI, the thesis proposes the concept of “Expected AI”, a
composite signifier filled with historical and sociocultural connotations,
and numerous referent objects. Relying on cultural semiotics, science and
technology studies, and a diverse selection of heuristic concepts, (...)
the thesis delves beneath the surface of AI discourse and demonstrates the
hidden political, social, cultural, and ecological dangers of AI. The
entanglement of the discourse(s) with (science) fiction, folklore, myth,
and religion impacts how AI is perceived and received, as well as the
expectations to AI-enabled technologies now and in the future. The thesis
also proposes a more ethical and comprehensive ontological model for AI
systems. The model describes AI systems as complex figurations,
considering their socio-material organisation, global economic-material
becoming, and impact on the environment, social institutions, and the
semiosphere. The dissertation argues that AI should be understood not just
as an object or sociotechnical system, but as its entire product chain
encompassing people and cultures, as well as the used resources and impact
(both material-ecological and semiotic) on a planetary scale. (shrink)
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41. 2023-12-01
Representations of robots in science fiction film narratives as signifiers
of human identity.Auli Viidalepp - 2020 - Információs Társadalom
(4):19-36.details
Recent science fiction has brought anthropomorphic robots from an
imaginary far-future to contemporary spacetime. Employing semiotic
concepts of semiosis, unpredictability and art as a modelling system, this
study demonstrates how the artificial characters in four recent series
have greater analogy with human behaviour than that of machines. Through
Ricoeur’s notion of identity, this research frames the films’ narratives
as typical literary and thought experiments with human identity. However,
the familiar sociotopes and technoscientific details included in the
narratives concerning data, privacy (...) and human–machine interaction
blur the boundary between the human and the machine in both fictional and
real-world discourse. Additionally, utilising Haynes’ scientist
stereotypes, the research puts the robot makers into focus, revealing
their secret agendas and hidden agency behind the artificial creatures.
(shrink)
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42. 2023-12-01
What the foundationalist filter kept out.Alexander Paseau - 2005 - Studies
in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 36 (1):191-201.details
From title to back cover, a polemic runs through David Corfield's "Towards
a Philosophy of Real Mathematics". Corfield repeatedly complains that
philosophers of mathematics have ignored the interesting and important
mathematical developments of the past seventy years, ‘filtering’ the
details of mathematical practice out of philosophical discussion. His aim
is to remedy the discipline’s long-sightedness and, by precept and
example, to redirect philosophical attention towards current developments
in mathematics. This review discusses some strands of Corfield’s
philosophy of real mathematics and (...) briefly assesses some of his
objections to orthodox philosophy of mathematics. (shrink)
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43. 2023-12-01
中德学术不端行为刑法规制比较研究.君函 邹 - 2020 - Dissertation, 延边大学details
随着我国社会的发展和竞争压力的增加，我国在学术界和社会中一部分学者为追求学术活动带来的大量物质利益和精神利益会实施学术不端行为。学术不端行为可能对科研人员的个人研究成果和学术界的科研环境，甚至对社会诚
信造成危害。我国对学术不端行为倾向适用行政法规来进行规制和处罚，在我国现行刑法中对学术不端行为的规制仅限于第三章破坏社会主义市场经济秩序罪第七节侵犯知识产权罪第二百一十七条中所述，以营利为目的且未经著
作权人许可，复制发行其文字作品，违法所得数额较大或者有其他严重情节才能以侵犯著作权罪论处。在现行刑法中对于非营利性的其他学术不端行为及不同情形和不同程度的学术不端行为的刑法规制没有进一步明确的规定。因
此，我国对于学术不端行为刑法规制的立法理念和具体规定存在不足之处。.
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44. 2023-12-01
The Ethics and Epistemology of Deepfakes.Taylor Matthews & Ian James Kidd
- forthcoming - In Carl Fox & Joe Saunders (eds.), The Routledge Handbook
of Philosophy and Media Ethics. pp. 342-354.details
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45. 2023-12-01
RETRACTIONS UND DIE ROLLEN VON WISSENSCHAFTLICHEN BIBLIOTHEKEN ZUR
FÖRDERUNG GUTER WISSENSCHAFTLICHER PRAXIS.Tamara Köstenbach -
manuscriptdetails
Wissenschaftliches Fehlverhalten ist in der Forschungspraxis omnipräsent
und hinterlässt Spuren: Dies kann einerseits mit der Tatsache
zusammenhängen, dass die Forschenden unter einem enormen Zeitdruck stehen
und die Qualität der wissenschaftlichen Publikationen darunter leidet.
Andererseits schließt der Begriff auch Datenmanipulationen aller Art ein,
die nicht mehr mit Irrtum zu begründen sind, sondern mit Vorsatz. Solche
Fälle sind immer wieder zu beobachten, aber sie werden in den Medien trotz
eines starken Anstiegs von Retractions seit der Jahrtausendwende nicht
ausreichend diskutiert. Um diesem Phänomen (...) mehr Raum zu geben und
entsprechende Ansätze und Lösungen zu finden, wie mit Verstößen gegen die
gute wissenschaftliche Praxis verfahren werden kann, die nachweislich an
Hochschulen in Deutschland festgestellt wurden, unternimmt die vorliegende
Studie den Versuch wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken als Dienstleister in
diesen Klärungsprozess einzubeziehen, indem sie deren Rollen und
Möglichkeiten erörtert. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Expert*innen befragt, die
sich in ihrer Berufspraxis mit akademischer Integrität beschäftigen.
Anschließend wurden die Expert*inneninterviews mit gängigen Methoden der
qualitativen Sozialforschung ausgewertet, die Aufschluss über mögliche
Herausforderungen und Chancen geben. (shrink)
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46. 2023-12-01
Of the perfect and the ordinary: Indistinguishability and
hallucination.Shivam Patel - forthcoming - The Philosophical
Quarterly.details
The claim that perfect hallucination is introspectively indistinguishable
from perception has been a centrepiece of philosophical theorizing about
sense experience. The most common interpretation of the
indistinguishability claim is modal: that it is impossible to distinguish
perfect hallucination from perception through introspection alone. I run
through various models of introspection and show that none of them can
accommodate the modal interpretation. Rejecting the modal interpretation
opens up two alternative interpretations of the indistinguishability
claim. According to the generic interpretation, hallucination is (...)
indistinguishable from perception despite the existence of possible
exceptions, while according to the actuality interpretation, the
indistinguishability of hallucination from perception consists in the
actual failure to distinguish hallucination from perception. These
alternative understandings of the indistinguishability claim have a number
of significant implications for the problem of perception, including the
rejection of perfect hallucination and illusion in favour of our ordinary,
non-philosophical concepts of these states. (shrink)
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47. 2023-12-01
Advancing the debate on the consequences of misinformation: clarifying why
it’s not (just) about false beliefs.Maarten van Doorn - 2023 - Inquiry: An
Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 1.details
The debate on whether and why misinformation is bad primarily focuses on
the spread of false beliefs as its main harm. From the assumption that
misinformation primarily causes harm through the spread of false beliefs
as a starting point, it has been contended that the problem of
misinformation has been exaggerated. Its tendency to generate false
beliefs appears to be limited. However, the near-exclusive focus on
whether or not misinformation dupes people with false beliefs neglects
other epistemic harms associated with (...) it. Specifically, I show that
misinformation also causes trouble for the epistemic goods of truth
attainment, intellectual autonomy and debate pluriformity. Moreover, for
each of these goods, I argue that emphasizing error-avoidance exacerbates,
rather than mitigates, the harms caused by misinformation. These
oversights and dilemmas show that prioritizing error-avoidance in the
fight against misinformation is not a neutral default policy or
necessarily a net positive. A shift in focus away from the spread of false
beliefs as the main harm of misinformation is needed to better understand
and counter its negative effects. (shrink)
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48. 2023-12-01
Seizing the day: How determined and decisive are Vietnamese
entrepreneurs?Thu-Trang Vuong & Ngoc-Van Tran - 2015 - Vietnam Economic
Times 22 (11):36-37.details
It is not uncommon that an entrepreneur appears to have been determined to
pursue their startup plan but this same person does not trust in their
perseverance.
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49. 2023-12-01
Virtual properties: problems and prospects.Alexandre Declos - forthcoming
- Erkenntnis.details
According to David Chalmers, the virtual entities found in Virtual Reality
(VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) environments instantiate virtual
properties of a specific kind. It has recently been objected that such a
view (i) can’t extend to all types of properties; (ii) leads to a
proliferation of property-types; (iii) implausibly ascribes massive errors
to VR and AR users; and (iv) faces an analogue of Jackson’s “many-property
problem”. My first objective here is to show that advocates of virtual
properties can deal (...) with each of these objections. The other goal of
this paper is to examine the consequences of Chalmers’ theory in the
particular case of AR. If we countenance virtual properties, AR highlights
that non-virtual objects can possess both non-virtual and virtual
properties. With AR, it also appears that a same non-virtual object can
have different and even incompatible properties across augmented
environments. Lastly, considering properties in light of AR highlights the
risk of an “augmented solipsism”, and calls forth interesting questions
about the persistence conditions of non-virtual objects in AR
environments. (shrink)
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50. 2023-12-01
Paths to flourishing: ancient models of the exemplary life.Maria Silvia
Vaccarezza - 2020 - Ethics and Education 15 (2):144-157.details
ABSTRACTThe current “exemplarist turn” within virtue ethics is
increasingly shedding light on the importance of exemplars both as
enabling one to identify the virtues and for the importance they bear for
orienting one’s conduct, as well as for educating the novice. However,
even if categorizations of exemplars have already been proposed, there
seems to be a lack of discussion on the kind of imitation different
exemplars are supposed to elicit. In order to offer a preliminary answer
to this question, in (...) this paper I present three paths to flourishing
via imitation of exemplary individuals: The Platonic, the Stoic, and the
Aristotelian. Then, I sketch an attempt to reconcile these models. In
conclusion, I suggest that, when it comes to education, this
reconciliation becomes necessary. Along these lines, I recommend that a
multi-step educational program is elaborated. (shrink)
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51. 2023-12-01
Le donne tramano qualcosa» Iris Murdoch e l'etica delle virtù.Maria Silvia
Vaccarezza - forthcoming - la Società Degli Individui 76
(26):24-37.details
In this paper, I will highlight the role played, within the group of
Oxonian philosophers who revived virtue ethics beginning in the 1950s, by
perhaps the most heterodox and elusive figure, Iris Murdoch. In
particular, I will discuss whether Murdoch can be considered, like
Anscombe and Foot, a promoter of virtue ethics, or whether points of
contact with that strand are limited to the polemical goals that the
philosopher and novelist shared, for a thirty-year period, with her
colleagues and friends. (...) Increasingly, important differences have led
scholars to treat Murdoch as a heterodox virtue ethicist or as an advocate
of an entirely different theoretical framework: from Neo-Platonism, to
anti-theory, to a kind of Christian Buddhism or practical mysticism. In
this article, I will briefly explore some of these hypotheses and try to
show how Murdoch can be seen as the proponent of a credible virtue theory,
though certainly far removed from the "mainstream" Aristotelian strand.
(shrink)
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52. 2023-12-01
Neutrosophic speech recognition Algorithm for speech under stress by
Machine learning.Florentin Smarandache - 2023 - Neutrosophic Sets and
Systems 53.details
It is well known that the unpredictable speech production brought on by
stress from the task at hand has a significant negative impact on the
performance of speech processing algorithms. Speech therapy benefits from
being able to detect stress in speech. Speech processing performance
suffers noticeably when perceptually produced stress causes variations in
speech production. Using the acoustic speech signal to objectively
characterize speaker stress is one method for assessing production
variances brought on by stress. Real-world complexity and ambiguity make
(...) it difficult for decision-makers to express their conclusions with
clarity in their speech. In particular, the Neutrosophic speech algorithm
is used to encode the language variables because they cannot be computed
directly. Neutrosophic sets are used to manage indeterminacy in a
practical situation. Existing algorithms are used except for stress on
Neutrosophic speech recognition. The creation of algorithms that
calculate, categorize, or differentiate between different stress
circumstances. Understanding stress and developing strategies to combat
its effects on speech recognition and human-computer interaction system
are the goals of this recognition. (shrink)
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53. 2023-12-01
Virtue.Silvia Caprioglio Panizza & Mark Hopwood (eds.) - 2022 - London:
Routledge.details
Was Iris Murdoch a virtue ethicist? At first sight, it would appear that
she was not. She does not offer an explicit definition of account of the
term ‘virtue’, and there are significant differences between her views and
those of standard Aristotelian virtue ethicists. There is no reason,
however, to think that the standard Aristotelian view represents the only
legitimate form of virtue ethics. In this chapter, I begin by recalling
(in section 1) the main commonalities between Murdoch’s criticisms of
(...) the prevailing moral theories of her time and those of other
first-wave virtue-ethicists. I then highlight (in section 2) some
cornerstones of Murdoch’s peculiar approach to morality, which represent
the background against which her account of virtue is developed, and I
propose to trace these cornerstones back to a more diverse range of
influences than the standard version of Aristotelianism. In section 3, I
sketch the basics of Murdoch’s account of virtue, and I argue that there
are at least three routes to vindicate it as a genuine virtue-ethical
approach: the Buddhist, the Kantian and the Socratic-Aristotelian. I
explore each of these routes in turn in sections 4, 5, and 6. In
conclusion, I argue that the virtue-ethical field would benefit a great
deal from the kind of pluralistic account of virtue that Murdoch offers.
(shrink)
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54. 2023-12-01
The Dark Side of the Exceptional: On Moral Exemplars, Character Education,
and Negative Emotions.Maria Silvia Vaccarezza & Ariele Niccoli - 2019 -
Journal of Moral Education 48 (3):332-345.details
This paper focuses on negative exemplarity-related emotions (NEREs) and on
their educational implications. In this paper, we will first argue for the
nonexpendability of negative emotions broadly conceived (section 2) by
defending their instrumental and intrinsic role in a good and flourishing
life. In section 3, we will make the claim more specific by focusing on
the narrower domain of NEREs and argue for their moral and educational
significance by evaluating whether they fit the arguments provided in the
previous section. (...) In section 4, we will propose three educational
strategies to foster NEREs’ positive moral role. In conclusion, we will
point out that an exemplarist approach to character education would
greatly benefit from a more fine-grained account of the emotions involved
in the educational process and from a broader perspective on which of
these emotions should be taken as valuable for educational purposes.
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55. 2023-12-01
Neutrosophic Genetic Algorithm for solving the Vehicle Routing Problem
with uncertain travel times.Rafael Rojas-Gualdron & Florentin Smarandache
- 2022 - Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 52.details
The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) has been extensively studied by
different researchers from all over the world in recent years. Multiple
solutions have been proposed for different variations of the problem, such
as Capacitive Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), Vehicle Routing Problem with
Time Windows (VRP-TW), Vehicle Routing Problem with Pickup and Delivery
(VRPPD), among others, all of them with deterministic times. In the last
years, researchers have been interested in including in their different
models the variations that travel times may (...) experience when exposed
to all kind of phenomena, mainly vehicle traffic. This article addresses
the VRP from this perspective, proposing the design and implementation of
a genetic algorithm based on neutrosophic theory for calculating the
fitness function of each route, considering the variability and
uncertainty present in travel times. A deterministic genetic algorithm is
also implemented with the average travel times to compare it with the
neutrosophic algorithm using simulation. As conclusion, a deterministic
algorithm does not necessarily generate the best solution in the real
world, full of uncertainty. Also, the quantification of uncertainty using
neutrosophic theory can be used in route planning, opening a broad and
interesting field of research for future investigations. (shrink)
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56. 2023-12-01
The exemplary and the right. Contemporary virtue ethics, action guidance,
and action assessment.Maria Silvia Vaccarezza - 2023 - Rivista di Storia
Della Filosofia 1:148-164.details
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57. 2023-12-01
Ergon and Practical Reason. Anscombe’s Legacy and Natural
Normativity.Maria Silvia Vaccarezza - 2023 - Acta Philosophica 32
(2):400-406.details
One of Elizabeth Anscombe’s most decisive legacies is the rejection of
modern legalistic morality, in the name of a rescue of
Aristotelian-inspired natural normativity. However, as I will argue in
this contribution, this legacy does not seem to have been fully collected,
neither by those who, like Philippa Foot, are explicitly inspired by
Anscombe’s work, nor by those who, while apparently opposing its
assumptions, have also somehow recovered it by different routes, as
emblematically does Christine Korsgaard in her constitutivist proposal.
(...) In more detail, I aim to explore the relationship between teleology
and normativity at the crossroads between neo-Aristotelian naturalism and
constitutivism: both theories, though opposed, rest normativity on a link
between function (the Aristotelian ergon) and practical reason and fail
precisely in declining this relationship convincingly. (shrink)
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58. 2023-12-01
n-Cylindrical Fuzzy Neutrosophic Topological Spaces.Kumari R. Sarannya,
Sunny Joseph Kalayathankal, George Mathews & Florentin Smarandache - 2023
- Journal of Fuzzy Extension and Applications 4 (2).details
The objective of this study is to incorporate topological space into the
realm of n-Cylindrical Fuzzy Neutrosophic Sets (n-CyFNS), which are the
most novel type of fuzzy neutrosophic sets. In this paper, we introduce
n-Cylindrical Fuzzy Neutrosophic Topological Spaces (n-CyFNTS),
n-Cylindrical Fuzzy Neutrosophic (n-CyFN) open sets, and n-CyFN closed
sets. We also defined the n-CyFN base, n-CyFN subbase, and some related
theorems here.
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59. 2023-12-01
Truth Dependence Against Transparent Truth.Susanna Melkonian-Altshuler -
forthcoming - Asian Journal of Philosophy.details
Beall’s (e.g., 2009, 2021) transparency theory of truth is recognized as a
prominent, deflationist solution to the liar paradox. However, it has been
neglected by truth theorists who have attempted to show that a
deflationist theory of truth can (or cannot) account for truth dependence,
i.e., the claim that the truth of a proposition depends on how things
described by the proposition are, but how these things are doesn’t depend
on the truth of the proposition. Truth theorists interested in truth (...)
dependence have, instead, been focused on Horwich’s Minimalism (e.g.,
1998). The goal of this paper is twofold. First, I construct what versions
of the transparency theory would say about truth dependence. Second, I
argue that even the best version of transparent truth ultimately fails to
account for truth dependence. On the assumption that accounting for truth
dependence is an adequacy condition on any theory of truth, the paper
rejects transparency theory as an adequate theory of truth. (shrink)
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60. 2023-12-01
Medical Diagnosis via Refined Neutrosophic Fuzzy Logic: Detection of
Illness using Neutrosophic Sets.Florentin Smarandache - 2023 - Journal of
Advanced Zoology 44.details
The objective of the paper is to implement and validate diagnosis in the
medical field via refined neutrosophic fuzzy logic (RNFL). As such, we
have proposed a Max-Min composition (MMC) method in RNFL. This method
deals with the diagnosis under certain constraints like uncertainty and
indeterminacy. Further, we have considered the diagnosis problems to
validate the sensitivity analysis of the novel multi attribute
decision-making technique. Finally, we gave the graphical representations
and compared the obtained results with other existing measures in (...)
refined neutrosophic fuzzy sets. (shrink)
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61. 2023-12-01
Lagrange Multipliers and Neutrosophic Nonlinear Programming Problems
Constrained by Equality Constraints.Florentin Smarandache - 2023 -
Neutrosophic Systems with Applications 6.details
Operations research science is defined as the science that is concerned
with applying scientific methods to complex problems in managing and
directing large systems of people, including resources and tools in
various fields, private and governmental work, peace and war, politics,
administration, economics, planning and implementation in various domains.
It uses scientific methods that take the language of mathematics as a
basis for it and uses computer, without which it would not have been
possible to achieve numerical solutions to the (...) raised problems,
those that need correct solutions, when the solutions abound and the
options are multiple, so we need a decision based on correct scientific
foundations and takes into account all the circumstances and changes that
you can encounter the decision-maker during the course of work, and
nothing is left to chance or luck, but rather everything that enters into
the account and plays its role in decision-making, and we get that when we
use the concepts of neutrosophic science to reformulate what the science
of operations research presented in terms of methods and methods to solve
many practical problems, so we will present in this research a study aimed
at shedding light on the most important methods used to solve nonlinear
models, which is the Lagrangian multiplier method for nonlinear models
constrained by equality and then reformulated using the concepts of
neutrosophic science. (shrink)
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62. 2023-12-01
Introduction to the Symbolic Plithogenic Algebraic Structures
(revisited).Florentin Smarandache - 2023 - Neutrosophic Sets and Systems
53.details
In this paper, we recall and study the new type of algebraic structures
called Symbolic Plithogenic Algebraic Structures. Their operations are
given under the Absorbance Law and the Prevalence Order.
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63. 2023-12-01
Facts of identity.M. J. García-Encinas - forthcoming - Inquiry: An
Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy.details
In The Philosophy of Logical Atomism Russell held the view that facts in
the world are formally structured complexes, the structure of which
matches the logical structure of correspondent propositions. Russell also
seems to have denied that there are facts of identity and of diversity.
This paper argues that Identity and Diversity can be understood as purely
formal structures in Russellian facts. It considers Russell’s possible
reasons for denying the existence of facts of identity and diversity and
shows how problematic (...) these reasons are. In particular, I argue that
identity statements are not tautologies, and their denial does not result
into a contradiction. An important consequence of this thesis is that
Metaphysics and Logic are not as tied up as Russell took them to be, but
nevertheless these are good news for the old formal program for
Metaphysics that lies at the very heart of what he called philosophical
logic. (shrink)
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64. 2023-12-01
Three facets of political clientelism: the case of the Western
Balkans.Dimitri Sotiropoulos - 2015 - In Herasugegeben von Klaus Roth &
Ioannis Zelepos (eds.), Klientelismus in Sudosteuropa. Internationale
Hochschulwoche der Sudoseuropa - Gesellschaft in Tutzing 5-9 Oktober 2015.
pp. 218-232.details
The persistence of political clientelism or patronage in the Western
Balkans is undisputable. Clientelism has been practiced since the earlier
stages of transition to democracy from state socialism and continues to be
practiced unabated today in Albania, Serbia and FYR Macedonia, three West
Balkan countries on which this article will focus.
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65. 2023-12-01
The Responsibility to Protect from Terror: The Ethics of Foreign
Counter-terrorist Interventions.Isaac Taylor - 2022 - Global
Responsibility to Protect 14 (2):155-177.details
The use of military force abroad is a significant part of some states’
counter-terrorist efforts. Can these operations be ethically justified?
This paper considers whether the underlying principles that philosophers
have put forward to justify humanitarian interventions (which may underlie
the international norm of the responsibility to protect (R2P)) can also
give support for foreign counter-terrorist interventions of this sort.
While it finds that the limits to international action that are imposed by
the need to respect state sovereignty do not (...) rule out
counter-terrorist interventions, it urges caution in supporting an
international norm permitting them. Because such a norm would be open to
manipulation and abuse, it may be preferable to discourage appealing to it
in order to justify military counter-terrorism. (shrink)
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66. 2023-12-01
Inspection Assignment Form for Product Quality Control Using Neutrosophic
Logic.Florentin Smarandache - 2023 - Neutrosophic Systems with
Applications 1.details
During the production process, production companies need to monitor the
finished products and ensure their quality, which imposes on them the
appointment of inspectors for auditing, and this appointment costs the
company amounts that affect the general profit, so it strives to make this
cost as low as possible and that the audit process is carried out with
high accuracy because in case that the finished products do not conform to
the basic specifications of the product, the company is required (...) to
pay a fine. In this research, we will formulate the text of the problem
appropriately for such a case and then we will build the appropriate
mathematical model through which we can obtain the lowest possible cost of
inspection, and we will present the study using classical values and
neutrosophic values, and we will demonstrate them through an example that
shows us the difference between them. (shrink)
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67. 2023-12-01
Generalized plithogenic whole hypersoft set, PFHSS-Matrix, operators and
applications as COVID-19 data structures.Shazia Rana, Muhammad Saeed,
Madiha Qayyum & Florentin Smarandache - 2023 - Journal of Intelligent and
Fuzzy Systems 44.details
This article is a preliminary draft for initiating and commencing a new
pioneer dimension of expression. To deal with higher-dimensional data or
information flowing in this modern era of information technology and
artificial intelligence, some innovative super algebraic structures are
essential to be formulated. In this paper, we have introduced such
matrices that have multiple layers and clusters of layers to portray
multi-dimensional data or massively dispersed information of the
plithogenic universe made up of numerous subjects their attributes, and
sub-attributes. (...) For grasping that field of parallel information,
events, and realities flowing from the micro to the macro level of
universes, we have constructed hypersoft and hyper-super-soft matrices in
a Plithogenic Fuzzy environment. These Matrices classify the non-physical
attributes by accumulating the physical subjects and further sort the
physical subjects by accumulating their non-physical attributes. We
presented
themasPlithogenicAttributiveSubjectivelyWholeHyper-Super-Soft-Matrix(PASWHSS-Matrix)andPlithogenic
Subjective Attributively Whole-Hyper-Super-Soft-Matrix (PSAWHSS-Matrix).
Several types of views and level-layers of these matrices are described.
In addition, some local aggregation operators for Plithogenic Fuzzy
Hypersoft Set (PPFHS-Set) are developed. Finally, few applications of
these matrices and operators are used as numerical examples of COVID-19
data structures. (shrink)
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68. 2023-12-01
Graphical Method for Solving Neutrosophical Nonlinear Programming
Models.Florentin Smarandache - 2023 - Neutrosophic Systems with
Applications 9.details
An important method for finding the optimal solution for linear and
nonlinear models is the graphical method, which is used if the linear or
nonlinear mathematical model contains one, two, or three variables. The
models that contain only two variables are among the most models for which
the optimal solution has been obtained graphically, whether these models
are linear or non-linear in references and research that are concerned
with the science of operations research, when the data of the issue under
(...) study is classical data. In this research, we will present a study
through, which we present the graphical method for solving Neutrosophical
nonlinear models in the following case: A nonlinear programming issue, the
objective function is a nonlinear function, and the constraints are linear
functions. Note that we can use the same method if (i) the objective
function follower is a linear follower and the constraints are nonlinear;
(ii) the objective function is a non-linear follower and the constraints
are non-linear. In the three cases, the nonlinear models are neutrosophic,
and as we know, the mathematical model is a nonlinear model if any of the
components of the objective function or the constraints are nonlinear
expressions, and the nonlinear expressions may be in both. At the left end
of the constraints are neutrosophic values, at least one or all of them.
Then, the possible solutions to the neutrosophic nonlinear programming
problem are the set of rays ???????? ∈ ????????that fulfills all the
constraints. As for the region of possible solutions, it is the region
that contains all the rays that fulfill the constraints. The optimal
solution is the beam that fulfills all constraints and at which the
function reaches a maximum or minimum value, depending on the nature of
the issue under study (noting that it is not necessary to be alone).
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69. 2023-12-01
Generalized Neutrosophic Sampling Strategy for Elevated estimation of
Population Mean.Florentin Smarandache & Subhash Kumar Yadav - 2023 -
Neutrosophic Sets and Systems 53.details
One of the disadvantages of the point estimate in survey sampling is that
it fluctuates from sample to sample due to sampling error, as the
estimator only provides a point value for the parameter under discussion.
The neutrosophic approach, pioneered by Florentin Smarandache, is an
excellent tool for estimating the parameters under consideration in
sampling theory since it yields interval estimates in which the parameter
lies with a very high probability. As a result, the neutrosophic
technique, which is a generalization (...) of classical approach, is used
to deal with ambiguous, indeterminate, and uncertain data. In this
investigation, we suggest a new general family of ratio and exponential
ratio type estimators for the elevated estimation of neutrosophic
population mean of the primary variable utilizing known neutrosophic
auxiliary parameters. For the first degree approximation, the bias and
Mean Squared Error (MSE) of the suggested estimators are computed. The
neutrosophic optimum values of the characterizing constants are
determined, as well as the minimum value of the neutrosophic MSE of the
suggested estimator is obtained for these optimum values of the
characterizing scalars. Because the minimum MSE of the classical
estimators of population mean lies inside the estimated interval of the
neutrosophic estimators, the neutrosophic estimators are better than the
equivalent classical estimators. The empirical investigation, which used
both real and simulated data sets, backs up the theoretical findings. For
practical utility in various areas of applications, the estimator with the
lowest MSE or highest Percentage Relative Efficiency (PRE) is recommended.
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70. 2023-12-01
Entering the Modern Areopagus TO CONFRONT A NEW DELPHIC ORACLE.James Noel
Ward - 2023 - New Oxford Review 2023 (October 2023):12-14.details
The curious case of Bronze Age Pervert (BAP, for short), of unfortunate
name, or “handle,” in his world. Author of the self-published Bronze Age
Mindset (2018), BAP is present in 4Chan discussion threads and on YouTube,
and he produces weekly subscription-only podcasts with approximately 6,500
paying clients (I am among them). He was banned from Twitter but
reinstated in December 2022, and he now has over 100,000 followers. A
Google search turns up scores of articles addressing or discussing his
work, (...) all written in palatable forms. But BAP’s own subjects and
rhetoric are for adults only. Who is BAP, what does he espouse, and what
compels the attention of orthodox Catholics? (shrink)
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71. 2023-12-01
Dimensions of Emotional Fit.Sam Mason - forthcoming - The Philosophical
Quarterly.details
Emotions are open to various kinds of normative assessment. For example,
we can assess emotions for their prudential or moral value. Recently,
philosophers have increasingly attended to a distinct form of normative
assessment of emotions – fittingness assessment. An emotion is fitting
when it is merited by its object. For example, admiration is fitting when
it is felt towards the admirable, and shame towards the shameful. This
paper defends a hybrid account of emotional fittingness. Emotions are
complex, and typically involve (...) various elements. As well as
involving representations that can be assessed for accuracy, emotions
typically motivate their subjects in characteristically urgent ways. The
fittingness of an emotion as a whole is a function of the fittingness of
both its representational and motivational aspects. (shrink)
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72. 2023-12-01
Quá trình khởi sinh của hệ thống xuất bản khoa học.Nguyễn Minh Hoàng &
Dương Thị Minh Phượng - manuscriptdetails
Chúng ta có thể hiểu được phần nào động cơ dẫn đến sự xuất hiện của
‘Republic of Letters’, ‘Invisible College’ và các hiệp hội học thuật sau
này trong thời kỳ đầu của khoa học hiện đại. Sự ra đời của các tạp chí
khoa học đầu tiên có thể được xem là kết quả của một quá trình tiến hóa
trong đó các nhà triết học và sử học tự nhiên cố gắng tìm cách cải thiện
hiệu suất (...) và hiệu quả của việc lưu thông các thông tin khoa học.
(shrink)
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73. 2023-12-01
Đổi mới chế độ sở hữu trong nền kinh tế thị trường định hướng xã hội chủ
nghĩa ở Việt Nam.Võ Đại Lược - 2021 - Tạp Chí Khoa Học Xã Hội Việt Nam
7:3-13.details
Hiện nay, chế độ sở hữu ở Việt Nam đã có những đổi mới cơ bản, nhưng vẫn
còn những khác biệt rất lớn so với chế độ sở hữu ở các nền kinh tế thị
trường hiện đại. Trong cơ cấu của chế độ sở hữu ở Việt Nam, tỷ trọng của
sở hữu nhà nước còn quá lớn; kinh tế nhà nước giữ vai trò chủ đạo… Chính
những khác biệt này đã làm cho nền kinh tế thị (...) trường Việt Nam bị
méo mó và giảm lợi thế cạnh tranh quốc gia. Do vậy, công cuộc đổi mới và
hoàn thiện chế độ sở hữu ở Việt Nam phải hướng tới việc khắc phục những
hạn chế trên và đạt tới sức cạnh tranh ngang hàng với các nền kinh tế thị
trường hiện đại khác. (shrink)
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74. 2023-12-01
CHUYỂN DỊCH CƠ CẤU NÔNG, LÂM, THỦY SẢN THEO NGÀNH Ở TỈNH QUẢNG BÌNH TRONG
GIAI ĐOẠN 2010 – 2018.Hoàng Thị Hoài Thanh & Hoàng Phan Hải Yến - 2020 -
Hnue Journal of Science 65 (5):117-128.details
Những năm qua, tỉnh Quảng Bình phải đối mặt với nhiều khó khăn, thách thức
như ảnh hưởng của thiên tai, dịch bệnh, sự cố môi trường biển, lạm phát
kinh tế, đầu tư công thắt chặt. Tuy nhiên, tỉnh Quảng Bình đã có những
chiến lược phát triển kinh tế hiệu hiệu quả, cơ cấu kinh tế có sự chuyển
dịch đúng hướng. Với đặc thù là một tỉnh nông nghiệp, việc chuyển dịch cơ
cấu nông, lâm, thủy sản (...) theo hướng nâng cao giá trị gia tăng, phát
triển bền vững là một nhiệm vụ quan trọng nhằm thúc đẩy ngành nông, lâm,
thủy sản phát triển. Bài viết này tập trung phân tích quá trình chuyển
dịch cơ cấu nông, lâm, thủy sản theo ngành ở tỉnh Quảng Bình từ đó đưa ra
một số giải pháp thúc đẩy ngành nông nghiệp phát triển theo hướng bền vững
trong tương lai. (shrink)
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75. 2023-12-01
Đổi mới chế độ sở hữu trong nền kinh tế thị trường định hướng xã hội chủ
nghĩa ở Việt Nam.Võ Đại Lược - 2021 - Khoa Học Xã Hội Việt Nam 2021
(7):3-13.details
Hiện nay, chế độ sở hữu ở Việt Nam đã có những đổi mới cơ bản, nhưng vẫn
còn những khác biệt rất lớn so với chế độ sở hữu ở các nền kinh tế thị
trường hiện đại. Trong cơ cấu của chế độ sở hữu ở Việt Nam, tỷ trọng của
sở hữu nhà nước còn quá lớn; kinh tế nhà nước giữ vai trò chủ đạo… Chính
những khác biệt này đã làm cho nền kinh tế thị (...) trường Việt Nam bị
méo mó và giảm lợi thế cạnh tranh quốc gia. Do vậy, công cuộc đổi mới và
hoàn thiện chế độ sở hữu ở Việt Nam phải hướng tới việc khắc phục những
hạn chế trên và đạt tới sức cạnh tranh ngang hàng với các nền kinh tế thị
trường hiện đại khác. (shrink)
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76. 2023-12-01
Chuyển dịch cơ cấu Nông, Lâm, Thủy sản theo ngành ở tỉnh Quảng Bình trong
giai đoạn 2010-2018.Hoàng Thị Hoài Thanh & Hoàng Phan Hải Yến - 2020 -
Hnue Journal of Science 65 (5):117-128.details
Những năm qua, tỉnh Quảng Bình phải đối mặt với nhiều khó khăn, thách thức
như ảnh hưởng của thiên tai, dịch bệnh, sự cố môi trường biển, lạm phát
kinh tế, đầu tư công thắt chặt. Tuy nhiên, tỉnh Quảng Bình đã có những
chiến lược phát triển kinh tế hiệu hiệu quả, cơ cấu kinh tế có sự chuyển
dịch đúng hướng. Với đặc thù là một tỉnh nông nghiệp, việc chuyển dịch cơ
cấu nông, lâm, thủy sản (...) theo hướng nâng cao giá trị gia tăng, phát
triển bền vững là một nhiệm vụ quan trọng nhằm thúc đẩy ngành nông, lâm,
thủy sản phát triển. Bài viết này tập trung phân tích quá trình chuyển
dịch cơ cấu nông, lâm, thủy sản theo ngành ở tỉnh Quảng Bình từ đó đưa ra
một số giải pháp thúc đẩy ngành nông nghiệp phát triển theo hướng bền vững
trong tương lai. (shrink)
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77. 2023-12-01
The Ethics of Conceptualization: A Needs-Based Approach.Matthieu Queloz -
forthcoming - Oxford: Oxford University Press.details
Philosophy strives to give us a firmer hold on our concepts. But what
about their hold on us? Why place ourselves under the sway of a concept
and grant it the authority to shape our thought and conduct? Another
conceptualization would carry different implications. What makes one way
of thinking better than another? This book develops a framework for
concept appraisal. Its guiding idea is that questioning the authority of
concepts asks for reasons of a special kind: reasons for concept (...)
use, which tell us which concepts to adopt, adhere to, or abandon, thereby
shoring up—or undercutting—the reasons for action and belief that guide
our deliberations. Traditionally, reasons for concept use have been sought
either in timeless rational foundations or in concepts’ inherent virtues,
such as precision and consistency. Against this, the book advances two
main claims: that we find reasons for concept use in the conceptual needs
we discover when we critically distance ourselves from a concept by
viewing it from the autoethnographic stance; and that sometimes, concepts
that conflict, or exhibit other vices such as vagueness or superficiality,
are just what we need. By considering not what concepts are absolutely
best, but what concepts we now need, we can reconcile ourselves to the
contingency of our concepts, determine the proper place of efforts to tidy
up thought, and adjudicate between competing ways of understanding
contested notions like liberty or free will. A needs-based approach
separates helpful clarification from hobbling tidy-mindedness, and
authoritative definition from conceptual gerrymandering. (shrink)
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78. 2023-12-01
O Deus de Maimônides e as Provas de Sua Existência, Unicidade e
Incorporeidade no Guia Dos Perplexos.Alberto Diwan - 2023 - Dissertation,
Catholic University of Sao Paulodetails
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79. 2023-12-01
Da Influência de Boécio Na Argumentação Tópica Escolástica.Luana Talita da
Cruz - 2023 - Inconfidentia: Revista Eletrônica de Filosofia 7
(13):17-29.details
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80. 2023-12-01
Testing for Consciousness Using Theory of Mind.Brian Wachter -
manuscriptdetails
This proposed study would seek to test for a causal relationship between
theory of mind (ToM) and consciousness by conducting a single-variable
experiment. Further, the theory proposed to explain this relationship
includes that it must exist as a quantum superposition. The independent
variable of ToM would be manipulated by randomly assigning participants to
two groups. The two groups would represent a higher and lower level of the
ToM variable by exposing participants to dramatic material chosen, in the
first group, to (...) evoke ToM at a high level; and in the second group,
at a lower level. After viewing the material, subjects would receive the
Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) for theory of mind, demonstrating
a higher and lower level of ToM corresponding to which material they
viewed. The participants would then complete the Phenomenology of
Consciousness Inventory (PCI). The researcher would then compare the
scores on the PCI between the two groups, using appropriate statistical
tests. If there is a statistically significant difference between the
groups, it would suggest that the presence of theory of mind causes the
existence of consciousness. (shrink)
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81. 2023-12-01
A Justificação Prática Nas Ciências Morais: Tomás de Aquino Leitor da
Ética Aristotélica.Pedro Konzen Capra - 2022 - Dissertation, Federal
University of Rio Grande Do Suldetails
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82. 2023-12-01
Characteristics of Retracted Publications From Kazakhstan: An Analysis
Using the Retraction Watch Database.Burhan Fatih Kocyigit, Alikhan
Zhaksylyk, Ahmet Akyol & Marlen Yessirkepov - 2023 - Journal of Korean
Medical Science 38 (46):e390.details
Background -/- Retraction is a correction process for the scientific
literature that acts as a barrier to the dissemination of articles that
have serious faults or misleading data. The purpose of this study was to
investigate the characteristics of retracted papers from Kazakhstan.
Methods -/- Utilizing data from Retraction Watch, this cross-sectional
descriptive analysis documented all retracted papers from Kazakhstan
without regard to publication dates. The following data were recorded:
publication title, DOI number, number of authors, publication date,
retraction date, (...) source, publication type, subject category of
publication, collaborating country, and retraction reason. Source index
status, Scopus citation value, and Altmetric Attention Score were
obtained. Results -/- Following the search, a total of 92 retracted papers
were discovered. One duplicate article was excluded, leaving 91
publications for analysis. Most articles were retracted in 2022 (n = 22)
and 2018 (n = 19). Among the identified publications, 49 (53.9%) were
research articles, 39 (42.9%) were conference papers, 2 (2.2%) were review
articles, and 1 (1.1%) was a book chapter. Russia (n = 24) and China (n =
5) were the most collaborative countries in the retracted publications.
Fake-biased peer review (n = 38), plagiarism (n = 25), and duplication (n
= 14) were the leading causes of retraction. Conclusion -/- The vast
majority of the publications were research articles and conference papers.
Russia was the leading collaborative country. The most prominent
retraction reasons were fake-biased peer review, plagiarism, and
duplication. Efforts to raise researchers’ understanding of the grounds
for retraction and ethical research techniques are required in Kazakhstan.
(shrink)
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83. 2023-12-01
Quantitative Research Instrumentation for Educators.Jupeth Pentang (ed.) -
2023details
Understanding quantitative research instrumentation is critical for
advancing educational research, both theory and practice since it
contributes to the accuracy and credibility of research findings (Creswell
& Plano Clark, 2017; DeVellis, 2017; Streiner et al., 2014). Using
inappropriate or poorly designed instruments can result in inaccurate or
unreliable data, compromising the quality of the research findings and
limiting the research's usefulness. Understanding the appropriate use of
quantitative research instruments is critical from a theoretical
standpoint for ensuring that research questions are (...) answered
accurately. Researchers (pre-service teachers, in-service teachers,
teacher educators, and educational leaders) can get high-quality data that
can be used to create and test theories in a particular field by selecting
and designing the relevant instrument. Furthermore, using reliable and
valid quantitative research instruments can boost the credibility of
research findings and aid in developing new research questions and
hypotheses. From a practical perspective, understanding quantitative
research instrumentation can improve the quality of research practice.
Researchers can ensure that the data acquired is accurate and reliable by
selecting and creating appropriate instruments, which can help to guide
decision-making in a particular subject. Furthermore, reliable and valid
instruments can guide policy decisions, program development, and
evaluation, resulting in more effective interventions and better outcomes.
Where and How to Begin? The choice of research instrument depends on the
research question, the nature of the phenomenon being studied, and the
available resources (Bryman, 2016; Creswell, 2014; Dörnyei, 2007; Hair et
al., 2014). Researchers can acquire accurate and valid data to answer
their research questions and contribute to the knowledge base in their
field by carefully selecting and building instruments. In education and
the social sciences, quantitative research frequently involves using
various instruments or tools to collect and analyze data. (shrink)
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84. 2023-11-30
How to Think about Zeugmatic Oddness.Michelle Liu - forthcoming - Review
of Philosophy and Psychology.details
Zeugmatic oddness is a linguistic intuition of oddness with respect to an
instance of zeugma, i.e. a sentence containing an instance of a homonymous
or polysemous word being used in different meanings or senses
simultaneously. Zeugmatic oddness is important for philosophical debates
as philosophers often use it to argue that a particular philosophically
interesting expression is ambiguous and that the phenomenon referred to by
the expression is disunified. This paper takes a closer look at zeugmatic
oddness. Focusing on relevant psycholinguistic (...) literature on
homonymy and polysemy processing and representation, I argue that there
are two different ways in which zeugmatic oddness can arise. Philosophical
upshots concerning zeugmatic oddness are then drawn. (shrink)
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85. 2023-11-30
New Populism, New Conspiracism, and the Old Rhetoric of Purity.Chris A.
Kramer - 2023 - Encyclopedia of New Populism and Responses in the 21St
Century.details
This entry investigates the connections between neo-populism and
neo-conspiracism in the USA. One central thread is the rhetoric of purity
that fosters rigid dichotomies of thought about identities, contributing
to both populism and conspiracism, eliciting a neologism:
conspirapopulism.
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86. 2023-11-30
Collective Agency: From Philosophical and Logical Perspectives.Yiyan Wang
- 2023 - Dissertation, University of Amsterdamdetails
People inhabit a vast and intricate social network nowadays. In addition
to our own decisions and actions, we confront those of various groups
every day. Collective decisions and actions are more complex and
bewildering compared to those made by individuals. As members of a
collective, we contribute to its decisions, but our contributions may not
always align with the outcome. We may also find ourselves excluded from
certain groups and passively subjected to their influences without being
aware of the source. (...) We are used to being in overlapping groups and
may switch identities, supporting or opposing the claims of particular
groups. But rarely do we pause to think: What do we talk about when we
talk about groups and their decisions? At the heart of this dissertation
is the question of collective agency, i.e., in what sense can we treat a
group as a rational agent capable of its action. There are two
perspectives we take: a philosophical and logical one. The philosophical
perspective mainly discusses the ontological and epistemological issues
related to collective agency, sorts out the relevant philosophical
history, and argues that the combination of a relational view of
collective agency and a dispositional view of collective intentionality
provides a rational and realistic account. The logical perspective is
associated with formal theories of groups, it disregards the psychological
content involved in the philosophical perspective, establishes a logical
system that is sufficiently formal and objective, and axiomatizes the
nature of a collective. The first topic that is addressed is the ontology
of collective agency, i.e., the question what exactly is collective
agency. The philosophical discussion of collective agency centres around
the reduction problem of the concept of a collective. Individualism and
Cartesian internalism have long influenced orthodox theories and made them
face the choice between an irreducible concept of a collective and
ontological reductionism. Heterodox theories such as functionalism and
interpretationism reinterpret the concept of agency and accept it as also
realized on the level of a collective. To adequately explain social
phenomena that are essentially relational in nature, we propose a
relational, holistic account of collective agency and argue that
functionalism and interpretationism can be integrated into such an
account. While acknowledging the irreducibility of the concept of a
collective, we find that there is a deep incompatibility between the
concept of a collective and the concept of intentionality as the mark of
the mental. To explain how collective intentionality nevertheless is
possible and why we tend to use it analogously to how we use the concept
of individual intentionality, we explore a dispositional account of
intentionality which enables us to give an account of the concept of
intentionality at both the individual and collective level. Specifically,
we subdivide the dispositional account into three aspects: behavioral,
purely mental, and cognitive. We then argue that collective intentionality
is real by analyzing different forms of attributive judgments of
intentionality and by introducing the perspective of indispensable
collective responsibility. We also analyze how philosophical theories
about collective agency relate to central features of formal theories
about collective decisions, such as game theory. Although the two fields
are both concerned with collectives, there are also differences that need
to be addressed. For example, game theory is clearly anti-psychologistic
since its aim is a formal and objective analysis. However, from the
relational and dispositional perspective, intentionality at the individual
level and collective intentionality as we analyze it, inevitably involve
mental content. In order to explain this difference and identify where the
boundary is, we analyze the relationships between the three basic concepts
involved, namely intentionality, preference, and dependency, so as to
provide a unified picture of collective theory across philosophical and
formal theories. After paving the nexus between philosophical and formal
perspectives, the logical perspective becomes the theme of our discussion.
To be able to express game theoretical concepts and to connect them to our
philosophical perspective, We present a logic of preference and functional
dependence and its hybrid extension, and provide an axiomatization which
is sound and strongly complete. The decidability of this logic is also
proved. Its application to modeling non-cooperative and cooperative games
in strategic form is explored. The resulting framework provides a unified
view of Nash equilibrium, Pareto optimality, and the core. The
philosophical relevance of these game-theoretical notions to discussions
of collective agency is made explicit. Finally, we conclude and clarify
the position of our theory in the broader field of research on the topics
addressed in the thesis. Also, we point out many new questions and
directions suggested by our analysis, including philosophical and logical
open problems. (shrink)
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87. 2023-11-30
Prenatal Injury.Samuel J. M. Kahn - forthcoming - Res Philosophica.details
In this article, I confront Flanigan’s recent attempt to show, not merely
that women have a right to commit prenatal injury, but also that women who
act on this right are praiseworthy and should not be criticized for this
injury. I show that Flanigan’s arguments do not work, and I establish
presumptive grounds against any such right, namely: prenatal injury, by
definition, involves intentional or negligent harm and, as such, may be
subsumed under a wider class of actions that are (...) presumptively
wrong. (shrink)
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88. 2023-11-30
A Critical Analysis of the Theological Positions and Ecumenical Activity
of Ion Bria (1929-2002).Marcu Doru - 2022details
The monograph A Critical Analysis of the Theological Positions and
Ecumenical Activity of Ion Bria (1929-2002) is the master’s thesis
defended by Dr. Marcu Doru at the KU Leuven’s Faculty of Theology and
Religious Studies in 2016 under my supervision. The monograph is an
important piece of research to the field of ecumenism in the second half
of the past century, with particular focus on the work of a Romanian
Orthodox theologian who acted as a staff member of the World (...) Council
of Churches and served the cause of Christian unity. The relevance of Dr.
Doru’s monograph is twofold. Firstly, it fills an important gap in the
literature on contemporary ecumenism by focusing on a largely and unfairly
neglected Orthodox protagonist in the movement for Christian
reconciliation. Therefore, this monograph, which draws on previously
unknown material from the archives of the World Council of Churches in
Geneva, constitutes a valuable resource for theologians, researchers, and
students interested in the contribution of Ion Bria to rapprochement
between Christian churches. Secondly, Bria’s theology, which is the
central topic of this monograph, is an important source of inspiration for
the revitalization of the culture of dialogue in our churches and
societies, which have lately been confronted with the phenomenon of
polarization on religious and non-religious 8 issues. What Christian
churches need today are voices from within to rekindle and strengthen
their dialogical spirit and willingness to listen and learn from one
another. Undoubtedly, the publication of Marcu Doru’s doctoral
dissertation will inform further discussions on the Romanian Orthodox
Church’s contribution to ecumenism. The work is well written, and the
chapters of the monographs develop gradually the arguments put forward by
the author. Informative and insightful throughout, the originality of this
monograph lays in the combination of sources and the ability to
systematize a whole range of bibliographical material. With all this in
mind, I am convinced that Dr. Doru’s research work deserves a wide and
critical reading, especially by theologians and scholars interested in
ecumenism, missiology, Orthodox theology, and contemporary church history.
(shrink)
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89. 2023-11-30
Relația dintre misiune și eclesiologie în viziunea Pr. Prof. Ion
Bria.Marcu Doru - 2022 - Craiova: Editura Mitropolia Olteniei.details
Cartea de față este teza de doctorat în Teologie a autorului, alcătuită și
susținută în cadrul Școlii Doctorale „Sf. Nicodim” a Universității din
Craiova, în noiembrie 2021. Lucrarea se remarcă prin rigurozitatea și
amploarea cercetării teologice despre o temă actuală în misiologie, anume
relația dintre misiune și eclesiologie. În acest sens, opera și
personalitatea Pr. Prof. Ion Bria sunt punctele de referință pentru
susținerea dimensiunii misionare a Bisericii Ortodoxe. Amintim că Pr. Ion
Bria ne-a fost un apropiat, mai ales în (...) perioada activității noastre
ca profesor la Facultatea de Teologie din Sibiu (1999- 2001). În semn de
apreciere, i-am semnat Prefața volumului Tratat de Teologie Dogmatică și
Ecumenică, publicat la editura România Creștină, în anul 1999. Lucrarea
părintelui Diac. Doru Marcu se situează la întâlnirea dintre Misiologie și
Dogmatică. Totuși, analiza este una misiologică, având în vedere formarea
profesional-teologică a autorului, licențiat în teologie, cu studii
masterale la Facultatea de Teologie din București și cu studii misiologice
în străinătate, la Facultatea de Teologie și Studii Religioase,
Universitatea Catolică din Leuven, Belgia. Pregătirea temeinică a
părintelui autor se observă din numeroasele studii și lucrări folosite în
prezenta cercetare. Apreciem și informațiile inedite despre prestigioasa
activitate a Pr. Ion Bria, în conformitate cu documentele de arhivă
cercetate de autor în fondul dedicat teologului român în Arhivele
Consiliului Mondial al Bisericilor din Geneva, Elveția. Pornind de la
adevărul că misiunea este parte integrantă eclesiologiei, autorul
demonstrează că, în viziunea Pr. Ion Bria, conceptul liturghie după
Liturghie este definitoriu pentru a înțelege legătura dintre cele două
dimensiuni. Punctul de vedere al autorului se situează în interiorul
teologiei ortodoxe ce consideră că misiunea nu se poate realiza fără
eclesiologie. Așadar, Biserica rămâne un organism viu și teandric
propovăduind neîncetat mesajul evanghelic al Împărăției lui Dumnezeu.
Conceptul liturghie după Liturghie propune o strânsă legătură între actul
eclesial și actul misionar, care începe prin săvârșirea Sfintei Liturghii
și se continuă ca o nouă liturghie a iubirii aproapelui, prin cuvânt și
prin faptă. 8 În concluzie, lucrarea părintelui Marcu este un reper pentru
teologia românească și nu numai. Mai mult, având în vedere că în acest an
se împlinesc două decenii de la trecerea la cele veșnice a Pr. Ion Bria,
cartea de față va reprezenta în mod sigur și un omagiu de cinstire a celui
mai important misiolog român. (shrink)
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90. 2023-11-30
Activitatea ecumenică a Patriarhului Justinian Marina în perioada
1948-1977. Istorie şi teologie.Marcu Doru - 2017 - Revista Mitropolia
Olteniei 3 (9-12):196-204.details
For this study, we will present the most important ecumenical activities
of Patriarch Justinian Marina. He was the third Patriarch of the Romanian
Orthodox Church between 1948 and 1977. During this period, he was very
concerned to establish a relationship with the main ecumenical
institutions. We will speak about his dialogue with one of the most
important ecumenical group, namely the World Council of Churches, founded
in 1948 in Geneva, Switzerland. Of course, the dialogue with the Church of
England must (...) to be mentioned. His ecumenical activity was very
important for the Orthodox Church, Patriarch Justinian being one of the
most important Church leaders who tried and succeeded to be in contact
with different religious leaders from Romania and abroad. We do not have
to forget that during his time the communist regime ruled our country. In
the first part, we will give different historical information about his
ecumenical activity and in the second part we will explore his theological
thinking about the ecumenical dialogue and movement. (shrink)
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91. 2023-11-30
Despre limitele Bisericii, erezie şi schismă în g'ndirea teologică a
Sf'ntului Ciprian al Cartaginei.Marcu Doru - 2017 - Mitropolia Olteniei 2
(5-8):223-245.details
The ecumenical dialogue involves many ideas and attitudes. Within these
theological discussions, Saint Cyprian of Carthage occupies his place.
Most important, his vision about the Church has marked the entire
Christianity. Because of this reason and for many others, this study
attempts to explore his theological ideas regarding the limits of the
Church, the validity of the Baptism outside the Church defined by her
canonical limits. In order to accomplish this, we will have three
important sections, as follows: 1. a (...) short biographical life; 2. the
ecclesiological ideas of St Cyprian expressed in two important disputes of
his time, namely the problem of the fallen and the Baptism professed
outside the Church; 3. the limits of the Church in the thought of St
Cyprian and the theological critics which we can share about this subject.
Of course, our study will have some important conclusions. (shrink)
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92. 2023-11-30
The "Triplex" of Information – The Dynamics of Transduction, Modulation,
and Organization in Living Beings.Juho Rantala - manuscriptdetails
[DRAFT] Paper presented at Congress for Doctoral Researchers in
Philosophy, Tampere University, 25.–27.10. 2021. The Paper strives to
flesh out Gilbert Simondon's notion of information as a multifaced process
(transduction-modulation-organization) from the viewpoint of living
(/biological) beings.
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93. 2023-11-30
Value as Potentiality: Blockchain and the Age of Institutional
Challenges.Outi Korhonen & Juho Rantala - 2023 - In Isabel Feichtner &
Geoff Gordon (eds.), Constitutions of value – Law, Governance, and
Political Ecology. London: Routledge. pp. 216–235.details
Value can be understood, analyzed, and created in various ways. In
addition to more pragmatic modes of valorization, there are “ontological”
processes that can be understood to increase value, which will refer as
ontological valorization and progressively unpack. Ontological
valorization generally works as a foundation for pragmatic valorization.
David Graeber has pointed out that value rises out of a system of
relations, and this is the level of ontological valorization. In this
chapter, the authors explore ontological valorization for possibilities of
(...) transformation at this foundational level. They explore the
possibilities represented by blockchain technologies for both ontological
and pragmatic valorization. The authors argue and try to show that, even
with its present-day limitations and problems, the technology's
innovativeness lies in its ability to create a foundation for ontological
valorization, though not necessarily in certain practical applications per
se. (shrink)
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94. 2023-11-30
Evaluation of the alternatives of introducing electric vehicles in
developing countries using Type-2 neutrosophic numbers based RAFSI
model.Ilgin Gokasar, Muhammet Deveci, Mehtap Isik, Tugrul Daim & Florentin
Smarandache - unknowndetails
This study focuses on implementing electric vehicles (EVs) in developing
countries where energy production is mainly based on fossil fuels.
Although for these countries the environmental short-run benefits of the
EVs cannot offset the short-run costs, it may still be the best option to
implement the EVs as soon as possible. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate
the alternatives to introducing EVs to the market due to the environmental
concerns that created an opportunity for some developing countries to
catch up (...) with the international competition. Therefore, we develop a
case scenario to explore the decision-making process in implementing the
EVs with three alter natives and twelve criteria. We solve the
decision-making problem by using Type-2 neutrosophic numbers (T2NNs) based
on the RAFSI (Ranking of Alternatives through Functional mapping of
criterion sub-intervals into a Single Interval) method. The proposed model
combines the advantages of the RAFSI technique, and it applies T2NNs to
address the uncertainties. The results show that the alternatives that may
suspend the implementation of the EVs are inferior. Direct implementation
of EVs is prioritized. The policy implications of the results are
discussed in the study. (shrink)
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95. 2023-11-30
Wondering and Epistemic Desires.Richard Teague - forthcoming -
Philosophical Quarterly.details
This paper explores the relationship between the questioning attitude of
wondering and a class of attitudes I call 'epistemic desires'. Broadly,
these are desires to improve one's epistemic position on some question. A
common example is the attitude of wanting to know the answer to some
question. I argue that one can have any kind of epistemic desire towards
any question, Q, without necessarily wondering Q, but not conversely. That
is, one cannot wonder Q without having at least some epistemic (...)
desire directed towards Q. I defend this latter claim from apparent
counterexamples due to Friedman (2013) and Drucker (2022), and finish with
a proposal on which epistemic desires, particularly the desire for
understanding, play an explanatory role in distinguishing wondering from
other forms of question-directed thought. (shrink)
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96. 2023-11-30
New Type Hyper Groups, New Type SuperHyper Groups and Neutro-New Type
SuperHyper Groups.Abdullah Kargın, Florentin Smarandache & Memet Şahin -
unknowndetails
In this chapter, a new type Hyper groups are defined, corresponding basic
properties and examples for new type Hyper groups are given and proved.
Moreover, new type Hypergroups groups and are compared to hyper groups and
groups. New type Hyper groups are shown to have a more general structure
according to Hyper groups and groups. Also, new type SuperHyper groups are
defined, corresponding basic properties and examples for new type
SuperHyper are given and proved. Furthermore, we defined neutro-new type
SuperHyper (...) groups. (shrink)
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97. 2023-11-30
On Symmetries and Springs.Sebastián Murgueitio Ramírez - forthcoming -
Philosophy of Science.details
Imagine that we are on a train playing with some mechanical systems. Why
can’t we detect any differences in their behavior when the train is parked
versus when it is moving uniformly? The standard answer is that boosts are
symmetries of Newtonian systems. In this paper, I use the case of a spring
to argue that this answer is problematic because symmetries are neither
sufficient nor necessary for preserving its behavior. I also develop a new
answer according to which boosts (...) preserve the relational properties
on which the behavior of a system depends, even when they are not
symmetries. (shrink)
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98. 2023-11-30
Repeating her autonomy: Beauvoir, Kierkegaard, and women's liberation.Dana
Rognlie - 2023 - Hypatia 38 (3):1-22.details
In The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir diagnoses “woman” as the “lost sex,”
torn between her individual autonomy and her “feminine destiny.” Becoming
a “real woman” in patriarchal societies demands that women lose their
authentic, autonomous selves to become the “inessential Other” for Man. To
better understand this diagnosis and how women might refind themselves, I
rehabilitate the influence of Søren Kierkegaard and his concept of
repetition as what must be lost to be found again in Beauvoir’s account of
freedom (...) and, specifically, the liberation of women. Beauvoir offers
a dual account of repetition, that of mundane repetition and sacrificial
repetition, bringing them to bear both on her diagnosis of women’s
oppression and her theorization of our liberation. Sacrificial repetition
becomes a temporality for freedom—one must be able to repeat or retake
their autonomy continuously toward an open future. For this to happen
concretely, Beauvoir insists that we must sacrifice the (racist, classist)
patriarchal ideals of the “real woman” and “real man” as we retake our
autonomy and reconfigure the meaning of sex difference anew. (shrink)
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99. 2023-11-30
Common Ground Between Social Ontology, Conceptual Engineering, and
Conceptual Ethics.Jared Oliphint - 2023 - Journal of Social Ontology 9
(1).details
Social objects have become common subjects of interest to both social
ontologists and conceptual engineers, but up to this point much of the
philosophical work from these two fields has surprisingly been done in
isolation from each field. I show how these prolific research
fields—social ontology, conceptual engineering, and conceptual ethics—can
mutually benefit each other through a unifying model I propose called the
2D-CE model that shows the dependence relations between a given concept,
its instantiation conditions, and whatever language represents (...) such
devices. This model combines a model from social ontology with insights
from conceptual engineering and conceptual ethics into a powerful
metaphilosophical tool that highlights the role of social agents for
metaphysical and metalinguistic explanation. A major benefit of the model
is its utility for not only social philosophy, but for other areas of
research beyond the social world. (shrink)
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100. 2023-11-30
Faith as Experience: A Theo-Phenomenological Approach.Turcan Nicolae -
2023 - Diakrisis Yearbook of Theology and Philosophy 6:49-63.details
This text proposes an analysis of the phenomenon of faith in the tradition
and spirituality of the Eastern Church. Starting from the relationship
between phenomenology and theology, the article uses a
theo-phenomenological method to depict the phenomenon of faith both
theologically and phenomenologically. This article also argues that
non-religious faith—either natural or philosophical—is the foundation of
religious faith. According to Orthodox spirituality, faith is not reduced
to a set of theoretical teachings and dogmas; they constitute only the
first type of (...) faith, “simple faith”. At the same time, faith is also
a form of experience, which has ascetical, ethical, and mystical
dimensions; they characterize the second type of faith, faith as
contemplative sight and knowledge. (shrink)
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