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4 MOST DANGEROUS AND DESTRUCTIVE RANSOMWARE GROUPS OF 2022

   
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by Lance Whitney in Security
on July 27, 2023, 9:50 AM EDT


4 MOST DANGEROUS AND DESTRUCTIVE RANSOMWARE GROUPS OF 2022

As ransomware attacks continue, a few key groups have inflicted some of the
greatest damage to their victims. Use this guide to learn about their targets
and tactics as well as how to safeguard against their attacks.

Image: nicescene/Adobe Stock

2022 marked another year in which ransomware proved to be one of the most
pernicious cyberthreats around the world. Targeting victims both large and
small, ransomware gangs showed that they could still wreak havoc despite efforts
by law enforcement and governments to crack down on them.

SEE: Use this security incident response policy from TechRepublic Premium.

Though a variety of these criminal groups litter the cyberspace landscape, a few
were especially dangerous and destructive in their ransomware attacks throughout
the year. Here are four of those ransomware groups.

Jump to:

 * ALPHV (BlackCat)
 * Black Basta
 * Hive
 * LockBit
 * Why are these ransomware groups so dangerous?
 * How can organizations protect themselves from ransomware attacks?


ALPHV (BLACKCAT)

ALPHV, a.k.a. BlackCat, specializes in ransomware as a service, through which it
offers the necessary malware and infrastructure to affiliates who then carry out
the actual attacks. Though seemingly new to the ransomware landscape, having
surfaced in 2021, ALPHV is reportedly connected to the BlackMatter/DarkSide
group responsible for the infamous ransomware attack against Colonial Pipeline
in 2021.


HOW DOES ALPHV CARRY OUT RANSOMWARE ATTACKS?

Infiltrating its victims by exploiting known security flaws or vulnerable
account credentials, ALPHV pressures organizations to pay the ransom by
launching distributed denial-of-service attacks against them. The group also
likes to expose stolen files publicly through a search engine for the data leaks
of its victims.


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   Enough?
 * Quick Glossary: Cybersecurity Attacks


WHO DOES ALPHV TARGET?

ALPHV targets public and nonprofit organizations as well as large corporations,
according to Brad Crompton, director of intelligence at cyber threat
intelligence provider Intel 471.

During the third quarter of 2022, this ransomware variant hit 30 organizations,
impacting real estate businesses, professional services and consulting firms,
consumer and industrial product makers, and technology companies. In September,
ALPHV took credit for attacking airports, fuel pipeline operators, gas stations,
oil refineries and other critical infrastructure providers.


BLACK BASTA

Appearing in April 2022, RaaS group Black Basta reportedly comprises former
members of the Conti and REvil ransomware gangs, with which it shares similar
tactics, techniques and procedures. Boasting highly skilled and experienced
group and affiliate members, Black Basta increasingly gains access to
organizations by exploiting unpatched security vulnerabilities and publicly
available source code, Crompton said.


HOW DOES BLACK BASTA CARRY OUT RANSOMWARE ATTACKS?

Black Basta often relies on double extortion techniques, threatening to publicly
leak the stolen data unless the ransom is paid. The group also deploys DDoS
attacks to convince its victims to pay the ransom.

In some cases, Black Basta members have demanded millions of dollars from their
victims to keep the stolen data private.


WHO DOES BLACK BASTA TARGET?

Ransomware attacks stemming from Black Basta hit 50 organizations in the third
quarter of 2022, according to Intel 471. The sectors most impacted by these
ransomware attacks included consumer and industrial products, professional
services and consulting, technology and media, and life sciences and healthcare.

Among different countries, the U.S. was the group’s biggest target for the
quarter, with 62% of all reported attacks.


HIVE

Springing up in early 2022, Hive quickly earned a name for itself as one of the
most active ransomware groups. The number of attacks from this gang alone jumped
by 188% from February to March in 2022, according to NCC’s March Cyber Threat
Pulse report. This ransomware variant was also one of the top four most observed
during the third quarter of the year, Intel 471 said.


HOW DOES HIVE CARRY OUT RANSOMWARE ATTACKS?

The group is fast, allegedly encrypting anywhere from hundreds of megabytes to
more than four gigabytes of data per minute. To help carry out its attacks, Hive
hires penetration testers, access brokers and threat actors, Crompton said.

In August 2022, an alleged operator of the Hive ransomware reported using
phishing emails as the initial attack vector.


WHO DOES HIVE TARGET?

Traditionally focused on the industrial sector, Hive has also targeted academic
and educational services as well as sciences and healthcare companies, along
with energy, resources and agriculture businesses. In the third quarter of 2022,
the Hive ransomware hit 15 countries, with the U.S. and the U.K. as the top two
targets, respectively.


LOCKBIT

With 192 attacks in the third quarter of 2022, the LockBit 3.0 ransomware
continued its reign as the most prominent variant of the year, according to
Intel 471. First announced in the second quarter of 2022, the LockBit 3.0
variant reportedly included an updated data leak blog, a bug bounty program and
new features in the ransomware itself.

The bug bounty concept was a first for ransomware groups, with LockBit offering
as much as $1 million for anyone who discovered vulnerabilities in the gang’s
malware, its victim shaming sites, its Tor network and its messaging service,
Intel 471 reported.


HOW DOES LOCKBIT CARRY OUT RANSOMWARE ATTACKS?

Unlike other ransomware groups, LockBit reportedly prefers low-profile attacks
and tries to avoid generating headlines, Crompton said. The gang is always
evolving and adapting its TTPs and software. LockBit also runs a proprietary
information stealer called StealBit. Instead of acting as a typical information
stealer that grabs data from browsers, StealBit is a file grabber that quickly
clones files from the victim’s network to LockBit-controlled infrastructure in a
short period of time.


WHO DOES LOCKBIT TARGET?

The LockBit 3.0 variant has impacted 41 countries, with the U.S. as the top
target, followed by France, Italy, Taiwan and Canada. The sectors most impacted
by LockBit were professional services and consulting, manufacturing, consumer
and industrial products and real estate.


WHY ARE THESE RANSOMWARE GROUPS SO DANGEROUS?

“There are numerous reasons why these ransomware groups are dangerous in their
own right,” Crompton told TechRepublic. “Generally speaking, these groups have
good malware with good infrastructure, experienced negotiation teams and
custom-made tools that make ransomware attacks more straightforward, in turn
attracting more affiliates to their groups.”


HOW CAN ORGANIZATIONS PROTECT THEMSELVES FROM RANSOMWARE ATTACKS?

To help organizations better protect themselves, Crompton shares the following
tips:

 * Make sure that multifactor authentication is in place.
 * Adopt a strong password policy that prevents the reuse of old or similar
   passwords.
 * Monitor for insider threats and any type of compromised access to your own
   organization and third parties.
 * Conduct frequent security audits.
 * Keep an eye on all privileged accounts to guard against compromise.
 * Conduct phishing awareness training for all employees.
 * Don’t prioritize productivity over security as this makes your organization
   more vulnerable to ransomware attacks, creating a far worse scenario than
   less productivity.

SEE: Learn more about how to protect your organization from ransomware attacks.


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Lance Whitney
Published:  July 27, 2023, 9:50 AM EDT Modified:  July 27, 2023, 4:24 PM EDT See
more Security articles


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