bio.libretexts.org Open in urlscan Pro
2600:9000:20c3:7800:11:2451:2fc0:93a1  Public Scan

Submitted URL: http://bio.libretexts.org/
Effective URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Submission: On April 01 via api from US — Scanned from DE

Summary

This website contacted 24 IPs in 4 countries across 17 domains to perform 133 HTTP transactions. The main IP is 2600:9000:20c3:7800:11:2451:2fc0:93a1, located in United States and belongs to AMAZON-02, US. The main domain is bio.libretexts.org. The Cisco Umbrella rank of the primary domain is 157917.
TLS certificate: Issued by Amazon RSA 2048 M01 on June 13th 2023. Valid for: a year.
This is the only time bio.libretexts.org was scanned on urlscan.io!

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

IP Address AS Autonomous System
3 2600:9000:20c... 16509 (AMAZON-02)
14 143.204.215.2 16509 (AMAZON-02)
40 172.67.216.41 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
1 2604:a880:2:d... 14061 (DIGITALOC...)
4 6 2606:4700::68... 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
23 104.17.24.14 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
2 104.16.86.20 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
1 6 172.67.22.135 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
5 2a00:1450:400... 15169 (GOOGLE)
4 2606:4700:e6:... 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
1 2606:4700:440... 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
3 2606:4700::68... 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
2 2a00:1450:400... 15169 (GOOGLE)
2 34.236.129.127 14618 (AMAZON-AES)
3 2a00:1450:400... 15169 (GOOGLE)
3 2a00:1450:400... 15169 (GOOGLE)
3 2001:4860:480... 15169 (GOOGLE)
2 142.250.186.35 15169 (GOOGLE)
1 216.58.212.132 15169 (GOOGLE)
2 2a00:1450:400... 15169 (GOOGLE)
3 9 99.84.88.21 16509 (AMAZON-02)
1 142.250.185.200 15169 (GOOGLE)
3 143.204.215.62 16509 (AMAZON-02)
2 2606:4700:10:... 13335 (CLOUDFLAR...)
133 24
Apex Domain
Subdomains
Transfer
40 libretexts.net
cdn.libretexts.net — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 78028
789 KB
23 cloudflare.com
cdnjs.cloudflare.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 234
648 KB
17 mtstatic.com
a.mtstatic.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 23917
files.mtstatic.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 42865
861 KB
15 libretexts.org
bio.libretexts.org — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 157917
test.libretexts.org — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 283202
matomo-test-ecs.libretexts.org — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 87459
91 KB
6 hypothes.is
hypothes.is — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 24710
cdn.hypothes.is — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 53035
71 KB
6 unpkg.com
unpkg.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 725
17 KB
5 google-analytics.com
www.google-analytics.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 34
region1.google-analytics.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 2042
21 KB
5 fontawesome.com
use.fontawesome.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 1175
pro.fontawesome.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 5654
117 KB
5 googleapis.com
fonts.googleapis.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 35
32 KB
3 doubleclick.net
stats.g.doubleclick.net — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 91
467 B
3 googletagmanager.com
www.googletagmanager.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 42
284 KB
3 cloudflareinsights.com
static.cloudflareinsights.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 813
cloudflareinsights.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 793
7 KB
2 donorbox.org
donorbox.org — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 46853
6 KB
2 gstatic.com
fonts.gstatic.com
275 KB
2 google.de
www.google.de — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 7099
126 B
2 google.com
region1.analytics.google.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 2655
www.google.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 2
319 B
2 jsdelivr.net
cdn.jsdelivr.net — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 310
3 KB
133 17
Domain Requested by
40 cdn.libretexts.net bio.libretexts.org
test.libretexts.org
23 cdnjs.cloudflare.com bio.libretexts.org
cdnjs.cloudflare.com
cdn.libretexts.net
14 a.mtstatic.com bio.libretexts.org
a.mtstatic.com
12 bio.libretexts.org 3 redirects bio.libretexts.org
test.libretexts.org
6 unpkg.com 4 redirects bio.libretexts.org
5 fonts.googleapis.com bio.libretexts.org
cdn.libretexts.net
donorbox.org
4 use.fontawesome.com bio.libretexts.org
use.fontawesome.com
4 cdn.hypothes.is bio.libretexts.org
hypothes.is
3 files.mtstatic.com bio.libretexts.org
3 stats.g.doubleclick.net www.google-analytics.com
www.googletagmanager.com
3 www.google-analytics.com bio.libretexts.org
www.google-analytics.com
3 www.googletagmanager.com bio.libretexts.org
www.google-analytics.com
www.googletagmanager.com
2 cloudflareinsights.com static.cloudflareinsights.com
2 donorbox.org cdn.libretexts.net
donorbox.org
2 region1.google-analytics.com www.googletagmanager.com
2 fonts.gstatic.com fonts.googleapis.com
2 www.google.de bio.libretexts.org
2 matomo-test-ecs.libretexts.org bio.libretexts.org
matomo-test-ecs.libretexts.org
2 hypothes.is 1 redirects cdn.hypothes.is
2 cdn.jsdelivr.net bio.libretexts.org
cdn.libretexts.net
1 www.google.com bio.libretexts.org
1 region1.analytics.google.com www.googletagmanager.com
1 static.cloudflareinsights.com bio.libretexts.org
1 pro.fontawesome.com bio.libretexts.org
1 test.libretexts.org bio.libretexts.org
133 25

This site contains links to these domains. Also see Links.

Domain
register.libretexts.org
commons.libretexts.org
libretexts.org
mindtouch.com
www.nice.com
Subject Issuer Validity Valid
*.libretexts.org
Amazon RSA 2048 M01
2023-06-13 -
2024-07-11
a year crt.sh
*.mtstatic.com
Amazon RSA 2048 M01
2023-08-02 -
2024-08-30
a year crt.sh
libretexts.net
GTS CA 1P5
2024-02-24 -
2024-05-24
3 months crt.sh
test.libretexts.org
R3
2024-02-07 -
2024-05-07
3 months crt.sh
sni.cloudflaressl.com
Cloudflare Inc ECC CA-3
2023-07-03 -
2024-07-02
a year crt.sh
upload.video.google.com
GTS CA 1C3
2024-03-04 -
2024-05-27
3 months crt.sh
use.fontawesome.com
Cloudflare Inc ECC CA-3
2023-10-12 -
2024-10-10
a year crt.sh
*.fontawesome.com
DigiCert Global G2 TLS RSA SHA256 2020 CA1
2023-12-04 -
2025-01-03
a year crt.sh
cloudflareinsights.com
GTS CA 1P5
2024-03-10 -
2024-06-08
3 months crt.sh
*.google-analytics.com
GTS CA 1C3
2024-03-04 -
2024-05-27
3 months crt.sh
matomo-test-ecs.libretexts.org
Amazon RSA 2048 M03
2024-03-09 -
2025-04-07
a year crt.sh
*.g.doubleclick.net
GTS CA 1C3
2024-03-04 -
2024-05-27
3 months crt.sh
*.google.de
GTS CA 1C3
2024-03-04 -
2024-05-27
3 months crt.sh
*.google.com
GTS CA 1C3
2024-03-04 -
2024-05-27
3 months crt.sh
*.gstatic.com
GTS CA 1C3
2024-03-04 -
2024-05-27
3 months crt.sh
hypothes.is
E1
2024-03-27 -
2024-06-25
3 months crt.sh
donorbox.org
E1
2024-03-30 -
2024-06-28
3 months crt.sh

This page contains 2 frames:

Primary Page: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Frame ID: F54812478734DACD14AFE63DBC43BEF5
Requests: 131 HTTP requests in this frame

Frame: https://hypothes.is/app.html
Frame ID: 77D2387F55F8B53F7423CC19FA20684C
Requests: 1 HTTP requests in this frame

Screenshot

Page Title

Home - Biology LibreTexts

Page URL History Show full URLs

  1. http://bio.libretexts.org/ HTTP 307
    https://bio.libretexts.org/ Page URL

Detected technologies

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • ([\d.]+)?/mathjax\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • bootstrap(?:[^>]*?([0-9a-fA-F]{7,40}|[\d]+(?:.[\d]+(?:.[\d]+)?)?)|)[^>]*?(?:\.min)?\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • require.*\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • static\.cloudflareinsights\.com/beacon(?:\.min)?\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • (?:F|f)o(?:n|r)t-?(?:A|a)wesome(?:.*?([0-9a-fA-F]{7,40}|[\d]+(?:.[\d]+(?:.[\d]+)?)?)|)

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • google-analytics\.com/(?:ga|urchin|analytics)\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • googletagmanager\.com/gtag/js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • jquery.*\.js(?:\?ver(?:sion)?=([\d.]+))?

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • //cdn\.jsdelivr\.net/

Page Statistics

133
Requests

95 %
HTTPS

54 %
IPv6

17
Domains

25
Subdomains

24
IPs

4
Countries

3221 kB
Transfer

10386 kB
Size

13
Cookies

Page URL History

This captures the URL locations of the websites, including HTTP redirects and client-side redirects via JavaScript or Meta fields.

  1. http://bio.libretexts.org/ HTTP 307
    https://bio.libretexts.org/ Page URL

Redirected requests

There were HTTP redirect chains for the following requests:

Request Chain 15
  • https://unpkg.com/@popperjs/core@2 HTTP 302
  • https://unpkg.com/@popperjs/core@2.11.8 HTTP 302
  • https://unpkg.com/@popperjs/core@2.11.8/dist/umd/popper.min.js
Request Chain 16
  • https://unpkg.com/tippy.js@6 HTTP 302
  • https://unpkg.com/tippy.js@6.3.7 HTTP 302
  • https://unpkg.com/tippy.js@6.3.7/dist/tippy-bundle.umd.min.js
Request Chain 40
  • https://hypothes.is/embed.js HTTP 302
  • https://cdn.hypothes.is/hypothesis
Request Chain 92
  • https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/7010/mindtouch.page%2523thumbnail?revision=3 HTTP 302
  • https://files.mtstatic.com/site_4463/7010/2?Expires=1711981043&Signature=VcVsSxIUOGNpdWgaOIlCFy1~bHTe3q68SVyXhnW~zh4TF~qzaL8bSzL~DkxJftdv~opa8AGmZEte-HxG-eBJqLu9PLdvy-K-4qRq4IKyaQiVz187~jNntH9VjQMUyjQnWzCvFy6f5-DLZDuQtMtcBEk9PAfhsQ8z3kdy~IpgqeY_&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJ5Y6AV4GI7A555NA
Request Chain 93
  • https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/7008/mindtouch.page%2523thumbnail?revision=7 HTTP 302
  • https://files.mtstatic.com/site_4463/7008/6?Expires=1711981043&Signature=BEMreqSOUQqubBBE81wqxPhrUfF41mWrJta0DdVkkBCEhkqLmoLzfDjB2CK08OUvVRbGIaTK8bHeZ1HlyAKKm9XMJhCVWsbFYYS~iKukel5~6~qKqBzLzKhoo1AVUWjPjO5hRYEHQodZOIGmZpU0sGWyQqY1Br9By3t1hmQgzZI_&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJ5Y6AV4GI7A555NA
Request Chain 94
  • https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/13181/mindtouch.page%2523thumbnail?revision=2 HTTP 302
  • https://files.mtstatic.com/site_4463/13181/1?Expires=1711981043&Signature=uR60U-ak3RSEJNVlqv54M1BPKAv49kHJn3U7dzL3BS5saGDdlaUT829ZUdcoLio4-F7y6bKDh2RNSNMw72skoZTLgweWqP4wW6qedx8YTtzqanDJqpM9TfDUnc52kuyl~OkulAMVz~CYM0zOCdAxI-hQh6YItdQ1b8m~Mcp0qHo_&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJ5Y6AV4GI7A555NA

133 HTTP transactions

Resource
Path
Size
x-fer
Type
MIME-Type
Primary Request /
bio.libretexts.org/
Redirect Chain
  • http://bio.libretexts.org/
  • https://bio.libretexts.org/
100 KB
24 KB
Document
General
Full URL
https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2600:9000:20c3:7800:11:2451:2fc0:93a1 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
/
Resource Hash
360b4cf6e3254d309a4779a1acd161b0ba235e0cea82b79226cf474155c31434
Security Headers
Name Value
Content-Security-Policy upgrade-insecure-requests; default-src https: data: filesystem: blob: mediastream: 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'; connect-src https: wss:
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Xss-Protection 1; mode=block

Request headers

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests
1
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9

Response headers

alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate, max-age=0
content-encoding
br
content-language
en-US
content-length
23218
content-security-policy
upgrade-insecure-requests; default-src https: data: filesystem: blob: mediastream: 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'; connect-src https: wss:
content-type
text/html; charset=utf-8
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:13 GMT
expires
-1
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
vary
Accept-Encoding,Cookie
via
1.1 598adc26bc2de491984cda2fac7d893a.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
x-amz-cf-id
dV0L5mj0grUA-h-QMqs4UnHcKUdEyvoxYOx7LV7SKIYJOP_Pbkq61Q==
x-amz-cf-pop
MUC50-C1
x-cache
Miss from cloudfront
x-content-type-options
nosniff
x-deki-site
id=site_4463
x-xss-protection
1; mode=block

Redirect headers

Location
https://bio.libretexts.org/
Non-Authoritative-Reason
HttpsUpgrades
anonymous.css
a.mtstatic.com/@cache/layout/
1 MB
121 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://a.mtstatic.com/@cache/layout/anonymous.css?_=9800d7b7aaa46a9c12aa72fdf145741f_YmlvLmxpYnJldGV4dHMub3Jn:site_4463
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
143.204.215.2 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-143-204-215-2.fra53.r.cloudfront.net
Software
/
Resource Hash
05233d6d88cf91fca145ededdd24ded9c0c80f1f43a3dc6675704f70229a919c
Security Headers
Name Value
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Thu, 28 Mar 2024 22:43:05 GMT
content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
nosniff
via
1.1 5d59ec457bae9e2b9df45a357eeeffd2.cloudfront.net (CloudFront), 1.1 c5c25772c7f14e267596e0f8ce51d9bc.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
x-amz-cf-pop
FRA56-P10, FRA53-C1
age
313269
etag
9800d7b7aaa46a9c12aa72fdf145741f_bXQtY2RuLm1pbmR0b3VjaC51cw==
vary
Accept-Encoding
x-cache
Hit from cloudfront
content-type
text/css; charset=utf-8
x-deki-site
id=site_4463
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
max-age=29030400, public
x-amz-cf-id
7fC9Bry4fNswXaWmgIuqdU6pDCu8NpXMTS4PtjdbjQFOuYXFQN1JvQ==
expires
Fri, 28 Mar 2025 22:43:05 GMT
print.css
a.mtstatic.com/@cache/layout/
549 KB
74 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://a.mtstatic.com/@cache/layout/print.css?_=568e75aabf34fefb50aa54d1bc78de06:site_4463
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
143.204.215.2 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-143-204-215-2.fra53.r.cloudfront.net
Software
/
Resource Hash
41a677a8718cd6e365a8f160b6f220521fc39927f0c854d57fc49f0b21492095
Security Headers
Name Value
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Thu, 28 Mar 2024 22:43:06 GMT
content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
nosniff
via
1.1 a2fcaa589cf2ad79b72da94df54baac6.cloudfront.net (CloudFront), 1.1 c5c25772c7f14e267596e0f8ce51d9bc.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
x-amz-cf-pop
FRA56-P10, FRA53-C1
age
313268
etag
568e75aabf34fefb50aa54d1bc78de06
vary
Accept-Encoding
x-cache
Hit from cloudfront
content-type
text/css; charset=utf-8
x-deki-site
id=site_4463
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
max-age=29030400, public
x-amz-cf-id
J2kO5jGJ3Ttrrq6Tyzl_ec9c0N1ph3nDua3rS-_q1J2N1-zrU-vqEQ==
expires
Fri, 28 Mar 2025 22:43:06 GMT
globals.jqueryv2.2.4.js
a.mtstatic.com/deki/javascript/out/
393 KB
112 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://a.mtstatic.com/deki/javascript/out/globals.jqueryv2.2.4.js?_=803d51c3e2dea454ed9aff3f0ca5d4b94f6ba2aa:site_4463
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
143.204.215.2 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-143-204-215-2.fra53.r.cloudfront.net
Software
/
Resource Hash
30aee54f8ca19c84ab7a712c56df562390d1d1ee502c8fec8069d2276afbc774

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Thu, 28 Mar 2024 22:43:05 GMT
content-encoding
br
via
1.1 ce9680b048a2aea06e1146ad2810fa14.cloudfront.net (CloudFront), 1.1 c5c25772c7f14e267596e0f8ce51d9bc.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
last-modified
Wed, 27 Mar 2024 22:00:02 GMT
x-amz-cf-pop
FRA56-P10, FRA53-C1
age
313269
vary
Accept-Encoding
x-cache
Hit from cloudfront
content-type
application/javascript
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
max-age=31536000, public
accept-ranges
bytes
content-length
113740
x-amz-cf-id
OUDZZHXYiOjGeudZXEpWP71U3_y9YoQLtGJ-k0xvn0D35Hdk2dQkJA==
expires
Fri, 28 Mar 2025 22:43:05 GMT
deki.legacy.js
a.mtstatic.com/deki/javascript/out/
110 KB
29 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://a.mtstatic.com/deki/javascript/out/deki.legacy.js?_=803d51c3e2dea454ed9aff3f0ca5d4b94f6ba2aa:site_4463
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
143.204.215.2 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-143-204-215-2.fra53.r.cloudfront.net
Software
/
Resource Hash
51bdcf40fc5106048dfa437cb6a874132ff4b9e65f4ca4d40db97f0a7f63a6d0

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Thu, 28 Mar 2024 22:43:05 GMT
content-encoding
br
via
1.1 004e894746bfb0d8f9e19ef0400dda24.cloudfront.net (CloudFront), 1.1 c5c25772c7f14e267596e0f8ce51d9bc.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
last-modified
Wed, 27 Mar 2024 22:00:02 GMT
x-amz-cf-pop
FRA56-P10, FRA53-C1
age
313269
vary
Accept-Encoding
x-cache
Hit from cloudfront
content-type
application/javascript
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
max-age=31536000, public
accept-ranges
bytes
content-length
29147
x-amz-cf-id
r5dqSBEDSdT3gwhJ2BwEdSeKE_j2qO9-a1VkSRqa-1cVv9CxgpqKSw==
expires
Fri, 28 Mar 2025 22:43:05 GMT
community.js
a.mtstatic.com/deki/javascript/out/
444 KB
89 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://a.mtstatic.com/deki/javascript/out/community.js?_=803d51c3e2dea454ed9aff3f0ca5d4b94f6ba2aa:site_4463
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
143.204.215.2 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-143-204-215-2.fra53.r.cloudfront.net
Software
/
Resource Hash
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
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accept-language
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
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sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
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content-encoding
br
via
1.1 e161fd49d3d858d9f9d1d337fc91ce8e.cloudfront.net (CloudFront), 1.1 c5c25772c7f14e267596e0f8ce51d9bc.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
last-modified
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x-amz-cf-pop
FRA56-P10, FRA53-C1
age
313269
vary
Accept-Encoding
x-cache
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content-type
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access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
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accept-ranges
bytes
content-length
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x-amz-cf-id
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expires
Fri, 28 Mar 2025 22:43:05 GMT
skin_elm.js
a.mtstatic.com/deki/javascript/out/standalone/
6 KB
3 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://a.mtstatic.com/deki/javascript/out/standalone/skin_elm.js?_=803d51c3e2dea454ed9aff3f0ca5d4b94f6ba2aa:site_4463
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
143.204.215.2 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-143-204-215-2.fra53.r.cloudfront.net
Software
/
Resource Hash
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
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sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Thu, 28 Mar 2024 22:43:05 GMT
content-encoding
br
via
1.1 098a60d50e7e132c276fd27b94c6212c.cloudfront.net (CloudFront), 1.1 c5c25772c7f14e267596e0f8ce51d9bc.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
last-modified
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x-amz-cf-pop
FRA56-P10, FRA53-C1
age
313269
vary
Accept-Encoding
x-cache
Hit from cloudfront
content-type
application/javascript
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
max-age=31536000, public
accept-ranges
bytes
content-length
2234
x-amz-cf-id
GDn0QcPyLKrVTurSuRqxEOlaTmgl8jlVU70sSOYSVIWuHQaQYgFKnw==
expires
Fri, 28 Mar 2025 22:43:05 GMT
pageBootstrap.js
a.mtstatic.com/deki/javascript/out/standalone/
4 KB
2 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://a.mtstatic.com/deki/javascript/out/standalone/pageBootstrap.js?_=803d51c3e2dea454ed9aff3f0ca5d4b94f6ba2aa:site_4463
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
143.204.215.2 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-143-204-215-2.fra53.r.cloudfront.net
Software
/
Resource Hash
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Thu, 28 Mar 2024 22:43:05 GMT
content-encoding
br
via
1.1 3c13cc51908e4d37d2a5046d7703e256.cloudfront.net (CloudFront), 1.1 c5c25772c7f14e267596e0f8ce51d9bc.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
last-modified
Wed, 27 Mar 2024 22:00:02 GMT
x-amz-cf-pop
FRA56-P10, FRA53-C1
age
313269
vary
Accept-Encoding
x-cache
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content-type
application/javascript
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
max-age=31536000, public
accept-ranges
bytes
content-length
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x-amz-cf-id
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expires
Fri, 28 Mar 2025 22:43:05 GMT
bio_full.png
cdn.libretexts.net/Logos/
12 KB
13 KB
Image
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/Logos/bio_full.png
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
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accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
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sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
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x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
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content-length
12560
last-modified
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server
cloudflare
etag
"899ad03b3a4abd87b034b67a4f3bc312"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
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content-type
image/png
x-do-cdn-uuid
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x-rgw-object-type
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cache-control
max-age=691200
accept-ranges
bytes
cf-ray
86d9034339069f2f-FRA
priority
u=2,i
readerview.min.js
cdn.libretexts.net/github/readerview/
35 KB
11 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/readerview/readerview.min.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
Origin
https://bio.libretexts.org
accept-language
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
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x-amz-request-id
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age
708
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
Fri, 24 Feb 2023 01:30:10 GMT
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"f818bc11779792b9738e6fb74c908dbb"
access-control-max-age
0
access-control-allow-methods
GET
content-type
application/javascript
access-control-allow-origin
*
report-to
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x-do-cdn-uuid
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x-rgw-object-type
Normal
cache-control
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vary
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cf-ray
86d903433a80bbda-FRA
priority
u=1,i=?0
readerview.min.css
cdn.libretexts.net/github/readerview/
17 KB
5 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/readerview/readerview.min.css
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
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sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
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x-amz-request-id
tx00000c0b5a7ae2953d874-0065f4aa03-4898d09e-sfo3a
age
909
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
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server
cloudflare
etag
W/"07cd88bd449a44ad768f1387b6cec004"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
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content-type
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x-do-cdn-uuid
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x-rgw-object-type
Normal
cache-control
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cf-ray
86d9034339059f2f-FRA
priority
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js-loading-overlay.min.js
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6 KB
3 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/readerview/js-loading-overlay.min.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
tx00000850cb16674750f25-0065f96e66-4898d049-sfo3a
age
909
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
Fri, 24 Feb 2023 01:30:10 GMT
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"e974cfbcdcf489e6715f88cb2061d61f"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
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content-type
application/javascript
x-do-cdn-uuid
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x-rgw-object-type
Normal
cache-control
max-age=691200
cf-ray
86d90343c9cc9f2f-FRA
priority
u=2,i=?0
jquery-accessibleMegaMenu.js
cdn.libretexts.net/github/readerview/vendor/
50 KB
11 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/readerview/vendor/jquery-accessibleMegaMenu.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
tx00000cb99823968067273-0065f1745a-4898437a-sfo3a
age
908
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
Fri, 24 Feb 2023 01:30:10 GMT
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"28678a970b5c2dc249fc66195e01b375"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
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content-type
application/javascript
x-do-cdn-uuid
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x-rgw-object-type
Normal
cache-control
max-age=691200
cf-ray
86d90343c9cf9f2f-FRA
priority
u=2,i=?0
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test.libretexts.org/eaturner/dev/
30 KB
31 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://test.libretexts.org/eaturner/dev/reuse.20231009.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_256_GCM
Server
2604:a880:2:d1::30:e001 Santa Clara, United States, ASN14061 (DIGITALOCEAN-ASN, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu) /
Resource Hash
6d1734e7e90c56546c1986d67e5e510c64c359742ea888d61b5b332574bc515a
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;
last-modified
Tue, 10 Oct 2023 00:43:09 GMT
server
nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu)
etag
"65249e1d-79d4"
content-type
application/javascript
cache-control
no-cache
accept-ranges
bytes
content-length
31188
copyNavigation.js
cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/Miscellaneous/
6 KB
2 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/Miscellaneous/copyNavigation.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
9f820fca8e53f8fac856ccbdd9fed12564e3d8b689d39635c4c20fb8ed4320f8
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
tx0000040719998c270b847-0065fbbc68-48992fd2-sfo3a
age
3432
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
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server
cloudflare
etag
W/"e817d2d3d434f7848a64e2daeb985065"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

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Response headers

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1.1 fly.io
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
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strict-transport-security
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Full URL
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Protocol
H2
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Response headers

date
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x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
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content-encoding
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cf-ray
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Redirect headers

date
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x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
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Full URL
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QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
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content-encoding
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x-content-type-options
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cf-cache-status
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server
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General
Full URL
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
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strict-transport-security
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x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
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x-served-by
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x-jsd-version-type
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Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
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strict-transport-security
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content-encoding
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cf-cache-status
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12 KB
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Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
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etag
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33 KB
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General
Full URL
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H3
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QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
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content-encoding
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x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
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nel
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server
cloudflare
cf-cdnjs-via
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etag
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General
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Protocol
H3
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
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nel
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server
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etag
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report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=ctNMfFq%2FTNRXJ1EsVaQCXel45%2B0TZJr%2FPQhXrNemcnfXj4Ot352hWCqjb5m2EUWjmJy9wMgYFCShzBjcfx0Md11hyktZbz%2B9K4jFa8k3FJrHeghVVu8sRdY47G1Fd4TgwdYQvWA%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/javascript
x-do-cdn-uuid
3982ef86-b1ec-41a8-9ba1-491ee61921b1
x-rgw-object-type
Normal
cache-control
max-age=691200
cf-ray
86d903442a619f2f-FRA
priority
u=3,i=?0
printYoutube.css
cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/Miscellaneous/
1 KB
1 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/Miscellaneous/printYoutube.css
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
ff641adf4ef5e5cd6d6f22e67935413b43eb44ce0272e4705e0dc456ec64bbfa
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
tx00000d63768214650aa67-0065fbbc68-4898437a-sfo3a
age
1875
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
Thu, 21 Mar 2024 04:34:10 GMT
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"6ea942cf5f721eeac8db9252934908f8"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=pVd4aqiJz73JeAZ8SluPfnVZW5vfm%2FWQcV5qjMBXs7ctIGzMziBgKbbrjvGVKDyyrou8S7CD8rI2Pvcw%2Fa7fjP2tnOmLwjifgApq8uXCpGHIe8SaiW9lv44EjT%2Be74Q1aPVZCxI%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
text/css
x-do-cdn-uuid
3982ef86-b1ec-41a8-9ba1-491ee61921b1
x-rgw-object-type
Normal
cache-control
max-age=691200
cf-ray
86d903442a479f2f-FRA
priority
u=2,i=?0
ableplayer.min.js
cdn.libretexts.net/github/ableplayer/build/
219 KB
58 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/ableplayer/build/ableplayer.min.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
73ec0c1d016f034d20f45d95602594008ad8cee460202d522216491efb158e63
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
tx00000abc6fa33798f6ac6-0065f0361d-4898b888-sfo3a
age
1875
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
Mon, 31 Jan 2022 22:47:07 GMT
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"8f19188ca28444e3821bc18eeea507fc"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=LJB4BcalvAiMrslOKuC6PhpVF8qE9pG22153tpuoKC37HCFyGWyaxgaR%2BTYo2HzzgQ0ID0HYN7BddVHIg3VfSgKAw7Iqsmt6qSHLghUKCtdBsYX%2FV8uRMdpTQ6hwRCnGOyMM4Do%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/javascript
x-do-cdn-uuid
3982ef86-b1ec-41a8-9ba1-491ee61921b1
x-rgw-object-type
Normal
cache-control
max-age=691200
cf-ray
86d903442a629f2f-FRA
priority
u=3,i=?0
ableplayer.min.css
cdn.libretexts.net/github/ableplayer/build/
18 KB
5 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/ableplayer/build/ableplayer.min.css
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
5e2ebe318337d80beb6d77f56b433ab5d214043c25e62493a43ccfe256c2a47b
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
tx000002ce8d1d01eaac77c-0065eadd72-4870bc65-sfo3a
age
1875
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
Mon, 31 Jan 2022 22:47:07 GMT
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"f661986b10c608f0219144ca155ebf89"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=Fi1X%2FdjgExVEr3pqglLnaw8bnABh%2BpfZVE26fX6jWVNwmi9090Zt4tf3l%2FnqEXsWjFS5rad33oOVPoDJg9fF468Nz6UNjyrxYtrTeGdb6NXT9qPZKlLSHcgD6O5C1e%2B3tuDaQdU%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
text/css
x-do-cdn-uuid
3982ef86-b1ec-41a8-9ba1-491ee61921b1
x-rgw-object-type
Normal
cache-control
max-age=691200
cf-ray
86d903442a4b9f2f-FRA
priority
u=2,i=?0
libreNavButtons.min.js
cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/NavButtons/
2 KB
1 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/NavButtons/libreNavButtons.min.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
38dbcafc9354a5f8529dc0d0826e10163cc51bd8e3940846236a40699aaa9b03
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
tx000004066016fd039c161-0065fbbc68-48992fd2-sfo3a
age
3898
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
Thu, 21 Mar 2024 04:34:10 GMT
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"e1fc99c64f77860f4bcf39b7b49b5466"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=lnZ1ToFQqreRBhN5G%2FSYpc6evFVsTTn82%2BXfGBc66nCWpOY%2BquK5DjRneYEioP%2BCQZST%2FkCizmbDh8F1Ji3dluPy96S%2BFwLLrWkZpYrdtuzo6svvovaapx7Rt1nW%2FzWcnA342ds%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/javascript
x-do-cdn-uuid
3982ef86-b1ec-41a8-9ba1-491ee61921b1
x-rgw-object-type
Normal
cache-control
max-age=691200
cf-ray
86d903442a649f2f-FRA
priority
u=3,i=?0
libreNavButtons.min.css
cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/NavButtons/
977 B
1 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/NavButtons/libreNavButtons.min.css
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
22639fbb024dd932000b150975ea2c47340ba188cd24b8c78980783349ec7ddd
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
tx000000363430d46014de1-0065fbbc68-4898d09e-sfo3a
age
1875
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
Thu, 21 Mar 2024 04:34:10 GMT
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"bdf9c89183fe0d0649b2dac3a557e0ed"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=KSkvHyqc0Onw9qdz59eSvpYlqgfW69YBAyda9iayvDU7coLc5bAMHcmzFEdlgdal5ZuUk2K4eKB4CU6oYCza7C472VN7gdkPh8WZZZXySVq8sLaloalB%2FASgXeGfd7Br9wIwdNQ%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
text/css
x-do-cdn-uuid
3982ef86-b1ec-41a8-9ba1-491ee61921b1
x-rgw-object-type
Normal
cache-control
max-age=691200
cf-ray
86d903442a4c9f2f-FRA
priority
u=2,i=?0
libreExportButtons.min.js
cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/ExportButtons/
15 KB
5 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/ExportButtons/libreExportButtons.min.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
0ec37ad331807f9d7ecde3da49482b5e351dcad297b556b1d28da2129b3e0c30
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
tx00000914640c3f1756536-0065fbbd66-4898d049-sfo3a
age
5607
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
Thu, 21 Mar 2024 04:33:44 GMT
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"56afa1bb3690a27da51d0cf98cb37a58"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=ZmXNLZQfGTm7O3m%2FT10Q6WAdjOaIu9KVCqkqdyW8Np36rDNCkFXAUvpoGwsmBFHDtEBO4FQo8fJzFo3dAOGYK%2Beu4MB2Cg3djv5HQW7yGEvcwdM97cIAPCKi2NsnmDppdiqNwCk%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/javascript
x-do-cdn-uuid
3982ef86-b1ec-41a8-9ba1-491ee61921b1
x-rgw-object-type
Normal
cache-control
max-age=691200
cf-ray
86d903442a679f2f-FRA
priority
u=3,i=?0
sidebar.min.js
cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/Binh%20Nguyen/ReactSidebar/build/
427 KB
127 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/Binh%20Nguyen/ReactSidebar/build/sidebar.min.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
78906bce5b4fa9eb7e2c36936a9897acda12fd02c6015c38a9c4ab0c7151d070
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
tx00000e5222ac2b7c5a0e3-0065fbbc68-48992fe1-sfo3a
age
1875
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
Thu, 21 Mar 2024 04:33:42 GMT
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"4f9a292ebdcfaa09f9ae8c6bf8d21e1e"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=aj6Zwxqeby3jHzGotAVUay%2Baxv76OtPZrHRo4%2FT%2Bx4ILwNr8OrMpQeCYneF3TU52XmtSidyCAB5HacHcutpdOF579F5MF3kYSFd4VELSKQrhLgjLLFepWBg0frZCWibC7wpQ0Lk%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/javascript
x-do-cdn-uuid
3982ef86-b1ec-41a8-9ba1-491ee61921b1
x-rgw-object-type
Normal
cache-control
max-age=691200
cf-ray
86d903442a689f2f-FRA
priority
u=3,i=?0
licensecontrol.min.js
cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/LicenseControl/
4 KB
2 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/LicenseControl/licensecontrol.min.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
2f3a62d5401333e855446fb49e79f94c525347acb65c5de1d38f05d86ac2f0d6
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
tx00000761996f23ba57afb-0065fbbc68-4898437a-sfo3a
age
1875
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
Thu, 21 Mar 2024 04:33:47 GMT
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"a807527d994c7d5cbbdd800a953ddd03"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=RD6LfhfuAp4tU2bJVkRwm5jO%2Bs8ZX0Oaycolv%2BjJHxGjpXCrQt0GFjiLA9A9KjoYIY4smc8ctiQ1sSF%2FpIa2UE%2B6Hr0OFvuk2Jyr%2BHsuxSoSFduOJsGEmR7xvFHiL3l6BVdtm34%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/javascript
x-do-cdn-uuid
3982ef86-b1ec-41a8-9ba1-491ee61921b1
x-rgw-object-type
Normal
cache-control
max-age=691200
cf-ray
86d903442a6a9f2f-FRA
priority
u=3,i=?0
licensecontrol.min.css
cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/LicenseControl/
468 B
954 B
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/LicenseControl/licensecontrol.min.css
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
8bed6127933ff481bf17b175d6b03f40e2d777fda59b25803f2bb73d8ba53d83
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
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server
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H3
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QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
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Request headers

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accept-language
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
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cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
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server
cloudflare
etag
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report-to
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cache-control
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cf-ray
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QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
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sec-ch-ua
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accept-language
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
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x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
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server
cloudflare
etag
W/"297a65bda3c7794ab2c8e610ef62ade8"
vary
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report-to
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cache-control
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cf-ray
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priority
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H3
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QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
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cloudflare /
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
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accept-language
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
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x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
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server
cloudflare
etag
W/"05fe9d786f68e8a2ae2b958f35b5122e"
vary
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report-to
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cache-control
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cf-ray
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priority
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3 KB
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General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/Henry%20Agnew/LibreLens.js
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Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
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cloudflare /
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
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Referer
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accept-language
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
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x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
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server
cloudflare
etag
W/"fe024a96ed7f35aaf55902c45b583642"
vary
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report-to
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cache-control
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cf-ray
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priority
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295 KB
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Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
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Software
cloudflare /
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
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accept-language
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
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x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
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server
cloudflare
etag
W/"d22702f3f3c63f6f63c4e599732f285a"
vary
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report-to
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x-do-cdn-uuid
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x-rgw-object-type
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cache-control
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cf-ray
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priority
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citation.js
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8 KB
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General
Full URL
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Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
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172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
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Security Headers
Name Value
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
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Referer
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accept-language
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
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x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
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server
cloudflare
etag
W/"955b6c06687f2db348ca0a592a001654"
vary
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report-to
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x-rgw-object-type
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cache-control
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cf-ray
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priority
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attribution.js
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2 KB
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General
Full URL
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Requested by
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Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
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Reverse DNS
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cloudflare /
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Request headers

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accept-language
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
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x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
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server
cloudflare
etag
W/"dbdf5ea6d61dbc9aca9941873731d1a4"
vary
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report-to
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x-do-cdn-uuid
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x-rgw-object-type
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cache-control
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cf-ray
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priority
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citation.css
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1 KB
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Full URL
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Requested by
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Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
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Request headers

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accept-language
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
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x-amz-request-id
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x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
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server
cloudflare
etag
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vary
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report-to
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content-type
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x-do-cdn-uuid
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x-rgw-object-type
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cache-control
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cf-ray
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priority
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5 KB
2 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.hypothes.is/hypothesis
Requested by
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General
Full URL
https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2606:4700::6810:5049 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
6153d13804862b0fc1c016cf1129f34cb7c6185f2cf4bf1a3a862eecdab50101

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
last-modified
Tue, 10 Oct 2023 21:38:13 GMT
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"2023.10.0"
vary
Accept-Encoding
content-type
text/javascript;charset=UTF-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
public, max-age=86400
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
cf-ray
86d903481a9565b8-FRA
h5p-resizer.js
cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/Miscellaneous/
4 KB
2 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/Miscellaneous/h5p-resizer.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
83b1dfaacb0540d32ae41cd12a0d741593118d65b8a7e023988f3c0f81b3ad30
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
tx00000b3cc71eb1766f48b-0065fbbc68-4898d09e-sfo3a
age
1875
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
Thu, 21 Mar 2024 04:34:09 GMT
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"8778a191add7c315b8421eca2f64bd4f"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=JN%2FYGe0xy6Ui3tUvLF6Ee5IdtINY8VBHL99%2FT36JZDDtJkrxT2n1W7VIQyz76R4Ho61EECzI3QFNaKRgxXArZ7SJOz1lIRqf0BkLdCA1MqJVe%2F2H%2BwzpPbSf4wopLoGEr7iSGpE%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/javascript
x-do-cdn-uuid
3982ef86-b1ec-41a8-9ba1-491ee61921b1
x-rgw-object-type
Normal
cache-control
max-age=691200
cf-ray
86d903442a5c9f2f-FRA
priority
u=2,i=?0
iframeResizer.contentWindow.min.js
cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/iframe-resizer/4.2.11/
13 KB
5 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/iframe-resizer/4.2.11/iframeResizer.contentWindow.min.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
104.17.24.14 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
107fbb21d462c56b56e6d741c0c9135cbf87bd6e6d02a578a1ffc76c067b9c47
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15780000
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
Origin
https://bio.libretexts.org
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0.01,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
strict-transport-security
max-age=15780000
age
980931
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length
4395
last-modified
Tue, 02 Jun 2020 17:36:19 GMT
server
cloudflare
cf-cdnjs-via
cfworker/kv
etag
"5ed68e13-348e"
vary
Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=iNnWyAibx4OhwJ0O9KM9tUOlXHT5k8OPKqmk3Q7fiTReT28YW17bA%2BVKagjfXRWBy52h5ShYo0c0QYtb0yQVb4XIvKZso0%2BZejibmkHGMM%2FZdZIhrmGqCn8ckV3dLHZNywDi0DPM"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/javascript; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
public, max-age=30672000
accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
cf-ray
86d903447a783617-FRA
expires
Sat, 22 Mar 2025 13:44:14 GMT
iframeResizer.min.js
cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/iframe-resizer/4.2.11/
13 KB
5 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/iframe-resizer/4.2.11/iframeResizer.min.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
104.17.24.14 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
1805b14279760e2a9338b71f40649c45fe37dbc3839bb573a9737cdd495e9752
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15780000
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
Origin
https://bio.libretexts.org
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0.01,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
strict-transport-security
max-age=15780000
age
1621381
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length
4729
last-modified
Tue, 02 Jun 2020 17:36:19 GMT
server
cloudflare
cf-cdnjs-via
cfworker/kv
etag
"5ed68e13-34f8"
vary
Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=sFc%2BxY2GteWvgJISct3eb2p5c4ox%2F8dleiGvr%2FznNXSDs8Kzu50BcpZVzifPcYbeqI%2FG1yb2UltR%2FhJEF3%2Fdot%2Fdr5NnHxwGEV2SJzwA%2Br2ZkeO%2Bb0%2BAkHhx4%2F0VQxtGliX8emhe"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/javascript; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
public, max-age=30672000
accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
cf-ray
86d903447a7d3617-FRA
expires
Sat, 22 Mar 2025 13:44:14 GMT
registerPlugin.min.js
cdn.libretexts.net/github/ckeditor-binder-plugin/js/
44 KB
16 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/ckeditor-binder-plugin/js/registerPlugin.min.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
70cec2218b34cbd40f892f3ded4cf6d47320243677cbd8dd6f075052611b154b
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
tx000002ea699c8bcdac09a-0065e6ee84-3c6f48ac-sfo3a
age
6594
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
Thu, 05 Jan 2023 23:18:14 GMT
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"9403e66ea85fd7f77be7a4f177bb9e63"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=xz3zVLd%2B4b1ZFwGtYAExAzkB7ZDKeNV0A4piLged55Wprd92EeInFDux1kzDhyddS3hjnKaE3CKptVxNVa9%2BecD8tFB6AbHsQqOUXvrTxqAk0ofBJfFWoGxCl12abONzY4UM3cM%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/javascript
x-do-cdn-uuid
3982ef86-b1ec-41a8-9ba1-491ee61921b1
x-rgw-object-type
Normal
cache-control
max-age=691200
cf-ray
86d903442a729f2f-FRA
priority
u=3,i=?0
queryPlugin.min.js
cdn.libretexts.net/github/ckeditor-query-plugin/
16 KB
7 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/ckeditor-query-plugin/queryPlugin.min.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
3fefc38c9f36866cc9f6ccd810a54c3767bcb18d1a515329f5534d101ff0cdf4
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
tx0000054210f03bc3ec00c-0065f14514-48992fe1-sfo3a
age
4498
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
Fri, 06 Jan 2023 18:41:44 GMT
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"62707527f11b6809f248ee0bcc5fb2fb"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=rilzBYWXjhCAgoQX84Oa0yy1MNS2m9%2BCMwb8L8lF1puDI6uKs3SUr7Hl3BiSYJ891hV7I4jOhhANnuqXKIRfAC8qKagRRnve8N1lzI4LwzkQVxt0S4QGC5gFlwUse0r5aylx5l8%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/javascript
x-do-cdn-uuid
3982ef86-b1ec-41a8-9ba1-491ee61921b1
x-rgw-object-type
Normal
cache-control
max-age=691200
cf-ray
86d903442a739f2f-FRA
priority
u=3,i=?0
libreFormatPlugin.min.js
cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/EditorPlugins/dist/
2 KB
2 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/EditorPlugins/dist/libreFormatPlugin.min.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
6e179fbbaaba6de1e44baa3aa23a7c01ff52de2f78fdd8fc5a5ab2c0143e09ad
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
tx00000b2aeee94aaa9b8e5-0065fbbc68-4898437a-sfo3a
age
3898
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
Thu, 21 Mar 2024 04:33:43 GMT
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"17d721d960000534c60f56bb83e8b3b2"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=9MQWXANpXwWdCndrn9vuboe%2BxNaDJs5BjmlBclebU7BkXgh9gFLpCwZ1tqQ3e0om1p20e2EmSrTXafn4UECF7sEkvSHvC%2FVm5Q6mUGYgxEQa65XnAa7T7%2Bx1ESNlak6sVkMvyjM%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/javascript
x-do-cdn-uuid
3982ef86-b1ec-41a8-9ba1-491ee61921b1
x-rgw-object-type
Normal
cache-control
max-age=691200
cf-ray
86d903442a759f2f-FRA
priority
u=3,i=?0
libreBoxesPlugin.min.js
cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/EditorPlugins/dist/
2 KB
2 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/EditorPlugins/dist/libreBoxesPlugin.min.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
23a3c81a5df7d3da05fa9076795ee0734ee6ccd1bc568a6fec1444b007805ae3
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
tx0000089d9b0edbe790617-006604a497-48992fd2-sfo3a
age
1875
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
Thu, 21 Mar 2024 04:33:43 GMT
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"1892c37dea1dec14967c39a09f1ecaab"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=23jpOdtYwyt6TutCN8ukx%2B8wxxgFx5TPP6ivM1F0DEwLpUZAZt78AzQYYKK%2F2PhHfe3LRPAh6VDXphQHJZW%2FYdNBKa7LohLIIXwb%2Fi%2BZqFi%2FQFcD4jwUPCwHN8aCr%2BI0N7KAwsY%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/javascript
x-do-cdn-uuid
3982ef86-b1ec-41a8-9ba1-491ee61921b1
x-rgw-object-type
Normal
cache-control
max-age=691200
cf-ray
86d903442a769f2f-FRA
priority
u=3,i=?0
libreQueryPlugin.min.js
cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/EditorPlugins/dist/
1 KB
1 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/EditorPlugins/dist/libreQueryPlugin.min.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
07b609fdf71b158b9250ef3c2f7da52c343d3aec80e53e9aa6897f9912108904
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
tx000002cb606e812276838-0065fbbc68-4898d049-sfo3a
age
1875
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
Thu, 21 Mar 2024 04:33:43 GMT
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"7358b5873886a924b4e3ea0b4dba2fd8"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=hNYBPTfiW1ifR4FlAqYqqsYd9MTag5m5sJyJsp62irKGf0Q%2B0l6NmqUzjKY0gmMMVR5fmUxzYuVGu2WTKcGNPIJYkMMRLL7X6BkGrYXQksHktoSWbxRHLiuPLu9uH1bFV%2BGMKJE%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/javascript
x-do-cdn-uuid
3982ef86-b1ec-41a8-9ba1-491ee61921b1
x-rgw-object-type
Normal
cache-control
max-age=691200
cf-ray
86d903442a789f2f-FRA
priority
u=3,i=?0
a11yPlugin.min.js
cdn.libretexts.net/github/ckeditor-a11ychecker-plugin/
199 KB
53 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/ckeditor-a11ychecker-plugin/a11yPlugin.min.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
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Response headers

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strict-transport-security
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Response headers

date
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strict-transport-security
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content-encoding
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content-type
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content-encoding
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cache-control
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97 KB
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sec-ch-ua
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
content-encoding
br
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
server
Google Tag Manager
vary
Accept-Encoding
content-type
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17 KB
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General
Full URL
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H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
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content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
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cf-cdnjs-via
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H2
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

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content-encoding
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Protocol
H2
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TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
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sec-ch-ua
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content-encoding
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Response headers

x-dream-feature
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Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:16 GMT
strict-transport-security
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H2
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TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
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sec-ch-ua
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

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content-encoding
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last-modified
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server
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etag
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21 KB
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General
Full URL
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H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

strict-transport-security
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content-encoding
gzip
x-content-type-options
nosniff
date
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server
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Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2a00:1450:4001:80b::200a Frankfurt am Main, Germany, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
ESF /
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://cdn.libretexts.net/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
x-xss-protection
0
last-modified
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
server
ESF
cross-origin-opener-policy
same-origin-allow-popups
x-frame-options
SAMEORIGIN
content-type
text/css; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
private, max-age=86400, stale-while-revalidate=604800
timing-allow-origin
*
link
<https://fonts.gstatic.com>; rel=preconnect; crossorigin
expires
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:14 GMT
ball-atom.min.css
cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/load-awesome@1.1.0/css/
5 KB
2 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/load-awesome@1.1.0/css/ball-atom.min.css
Requested by
Host: cdn.libretexts.net
URL: https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/readerview/js-loading-overlay.min.js
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
104.16.86.20 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0.01,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
age
12143961
x-jsd-version
1.1.0
content-encoding
br
x-cache
HIT, HIT
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
x-served-by
cache-fra-eddf8230039-FRA, cache-bma1657-BMA
x-jsd-version-type
version
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"13ef-wiZHLjuPCcGjDFWk4VdfwrIr1KU"
vary
Accept-Encoding
report-to
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content-type
text/css; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
access-control-expose-headers
*
cache-control
public, max-age=31536000, s-maxage=31536000, immutable
timing-allow-origin
*
cf-ray
86d90346a92dc017-WAW
collect
www.google-analytics.com/j/
4 B
211 B
XHR
General
Full URL
https://www.google-analytics.com/j/collect?v=1&_v=j101&a=508897085&t=pageview&_s=1&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.libretexts.org%2F&ul=en-us&de=UTF-8&dt=Home%20-%20Biology%20LibreTexts&sd=24-bit&sr=800x600&vp=1600x1113&je=0&_u=IEBAAAABAAAAACAAI~&jid=1706521126&gjid=991609217&cid=1725156565.1711979055&tid=UA-18110546-1&_gid=1715172095.1711979055&_r=1&_slc=1&z=1454601948
Requested by
Host: www.google-analytics.com
URL: https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2a00:1450:4001:81c::200e Frankfurt am Main, Germany, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Golfe2 /
Resource Hash
aec60bc104db041b1512185839f18f52986df7e569e5445f740dd60f763fbca8
Security Headers
Name Value
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Content-Type
text/plain

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
last-modified
Sun, 17 May 1998 03:00:00 GMT
server
Golfe2
content-type
text/plain
access-control-allow-origin
https://bio.libretexts.org
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
4
expires
Fri, 01 Jan 1990 00:00:00 GMT
collect
www.google-analytics.com/j/
16 B
84 B
XHR
General
Full URL
https://www.google-analytics.com/j/collect?v=1&_v=j101&aip=1&a=508897085&t=pageview&_s=1&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.libretexts.org%2F&ul=en-us&de=UTF-8&dt=Home%20-%20Biology%20LibreTexts&sd=24-bit&sr=800x600&vp=1600x1113&je=0&_u=YGDAAAABBAAAACAAI~&jid=889746389&gjid=1827445877&cid=1725156565.1711979055&tid=UA-65721316-22&_gid=1715172095.1711979055&_r=1&_slc=1&z=1777842437
Requested by
Host: www.google-analytics.com
URL: https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2a00:1450:4001:81c::200e Frankfurt am Main, Germany, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Golfe2 /
Resource Hash
84c886d1b425eab40c053133b3315c909f1ac3c7a16716a4cd304ec4e0712526
Security Headers
Name Value
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Content-Type
text/plain

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
last-modified
Sun, 17 May 1998 03:00:00 GMT
server
Golfe2
content-type
text/plain
access-control-allow-origin
https://bio.libretexts.org
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
16
expires
Fri, 01 Jan 1990 00:00:00 GMT
collect
stats.g.doubleclick.net/j/
1 B
69 B
XHR
General
Full URL
https://stats.g.doubleclick.net/j/collect?t=dc&aip=1&_r=3&v=1&_v=j101&tid=UA-18110546-1&cid=1725156565.1711979055&jid=1706521126&gjid=991609217&_gid=1715172095.1711979055&_u=IEBAAAAAAAAAACAAI~&z=1019162820
Requested by
Host: www.google-analytics.com
URL: https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2a00:1450:400c:c0c::9b Brussels, Belgium, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Golfe2 /
Resource Hash
6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f5747ada4eaa22f1d49c01e52ddb7875b4b
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=10886400; includeSubDomains; preload
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Content-Type
text/plain

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
strict-transport-security
max-age=10886400; includeSubDomains; preload
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
last-modified
Sun, 17 May 1998 03:00:00 GMT
server
Golfe2
content-type
text/plain
access-control-allow-origin
https://bio.libretexts.org
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
1
expires
Fri, 01 Jan 1990 00:00:00 GMT
collect
stats.g.doubleclick.net/j/
4 B
351 B
XHR
General
Full URL
https://stats.g.doubleclick.net/j/collect?t=dc&aip=1&_r=3&v=1&_v=j101&tid=UA-65721316-22&cid=1725156565.1711979055&jid=889746389&gjid=1827445877&_gid=1715172095.1711979055&_u=YGDAAAABBAAAACAAI~&z=975858375
Requested by
Host: www.google-analytics.com
URL: https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2a00:1450:400c:c0c::9b Brussels, Belgium, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Golfe2 /
Resource Hash
84e01419bd81f32ac6df0f75f49c604fda9172000a3ae432b3c47b2a6a712d80
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=10886400; includeSubDomains; preload
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Content-Type
text/plain

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
strict-transport-security
max-age=10886400; includeSubDomains; preload
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
last-modified
Sun, 17 May 1998 03:00:00 GMT
server
Golfe2
content-type
text/plain
access-control-allow-origin
https://bio.libretexts.org
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
4
expires
Fri, 01 Jan 1990 00:00:00 GMT
js
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/
255 KB
91 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-YNNYBFB9RM&cx=c&_slc=1
Requested by
Host: www.google-analytics.com
URL: https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2a00:1450:4001:82f::2008 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Google Tag Manager /
Resource Hash
1e4573d74dbfc6ab91eab9e3d5ffc8528d6cc46ec83a1ac3994d987a0e3445f2
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
content-encoding
br
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
server
Google Tag Manager
vary
Accept-Encoding
content-type
application/javascript; charset=UTF-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
private, max-age=900
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
access-control-allow-headers
Cache-Control
content-length
92635
x-xss-protection
0
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
expires
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
collect
region1.analytics.google.com/g/
0
256 B
Ping
General
Full URL
https://region1.analytics.google.com/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-YNNYBFB9RM&gtm=45je43r0v9125907141za200&_p=1711979055251&_gaz=1&gcd=13l3l3l2l2&npa=0&dma_cps=sypham&dma=1&ul=en-us&sr=800x600&cid=1725156565.1711979055&uaa=x86&uab=64&uafvl=Google%2520Chrome%3B123.0.6312.86%7CNot%253AA-Brand%3B8.0.0.0%7CChromium%3B123.0.6312.86&uamb=0&uam=&uap=Win32&uapv=10.0.0&uaw=0&pscdl=noapi&_eu=ABAI&_s=1&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.libretexts.org%2F&dt=Home%20-%20Biology%20LibreTexts&sid=1711979055&sct=1&seg=0&en=page_view&_fv=1&_ss=1&_ee=1&tfd=1780
Requested by
Host: www.googletagmanager.com
URL: https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-YNNYBFB9RM&cx=c&_slc=1
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2001:4860:4802:32::36 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Golfe2 /
Resource Hash
e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
server
Golfe2
content-type
text/plain
access-control-allow-origin
https://bio.libretexts.org
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
0
expires
Fri, 01 Jan 1990 00:00:00 GMT
collect
stats.g.doubleclick.net/g/
0
47 B
Ping
General
Full URL
https://stats.g.doubleclick.net/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-YNNYBFB9RM&cid=1725156565.1711979055&gtm=45je43r0v9125907141za200&aip=1&dma=1&dma_cps=sypham&gcd=13l3l3l2l2&npa=0
Requested by
Host: www.googletagmanager.com
URL: https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-YNNYBFB9RM&cx=c&_slc=1
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2a00:1450:400c:c0c::9b Brussels, Belgium, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Golfe2 /
Resource Hash
e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
server
Golfe2
content-type
text/plain
access-control-allow-origin
https://bio.libretexts.org
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
0
expires
Fri, 01 Jan 1990 00:00:00 GMT
ga-audiences
www.google.de/ads/
42 B
63 B
Image
General
Full URL
https://www.google.de/ads/ga-audiences?v=1&t=sr&slf_rd=1&_r=4&tid=G-YNNYBFB9RM&cid=1725156565.1711979055&gtm=45je43r0v9125907141za200&aip=1&dma=1&dma_cps=sypham&gcd=13l3l3l2l2&npa=0&z=240013350
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
142.250.186.35 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
fra24s04-in-f3.1e100.net
Software
cafe /
Resource Hash
ef1955ae757c8b966c83248350331bd3a30f658ced11f387f8ebf05ab3368629
Security Headers
Name Value
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
server
cafe
content-type
image/gif
p3p
policyref="https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/p3p.xml", CP="NOI DEV PSA PSD IVA IVD OTP OUR OTR IND OTC"
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
timing-allow-origin
*
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
42
x-xss-protection
0
expires
Fri, 01 Jan 1990 00:00:00 GMT
ga-audiences
www.google.com/ads/
42 B
63 B
Image
General
Full URL
https://www.google.com/ads/ga-audiences?t=sr&aip=1&_r=4&slf_rd=1&v=1&_v=j101&tid=UA-65721316-22&cid=1725156565.1711979055&jid=889746389&_u=YGDAAAABBAAAACAAI~&z=335781253
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
216.58.212.132 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
ams15s21-in-f132.1e100.net
Software
cafe /
Resource Hash
ef1955ae757c8b966c83248350331bd3a30f658ced11f387f8ebf05ab3368629
Security Headers
Name Value
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
server
cafe
content-type
image/gif
p3p
policyref="https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/p3p.xml", CP="NOI DEV PSA PSD IVA IVD OTP OUR OTR IND OTC"
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
timing-allow-origin
*
alt-svc
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content-length
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x-xss-protection
0
expires
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ga-audiences
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42 B
63 B
Image
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Full URL
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Requested by
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URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
142.250.186.35 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
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Software
cafe /
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Name Value
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
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Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
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sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
server
cafe
content-type
image/gif
p3p
policyref="https://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/p3p.xml", CP="NOI DEV PSA PSD IVA IVD OTP OUR OTR IND OTC"
cache-control
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cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
timing-allow-origin
*
alt-svc
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content-length
42
x-xss-protection
0
expires
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matomo.php
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574 B
Ping
General
Full URL
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Requested by
Host: matomo-test-ecs.libretexts.org
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Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
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Software
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Resource Hash
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"
Referer
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accept-language
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
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Content-Type
application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8

Response headers

access-control-allow-origin
https://bio.libretexts.org
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
access-control-allow-credentials
true
server
Apache/2.4.57 (Debian)
x-powered-by
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icomoon.woff
a.mtstatic.com/@style/out/icons/
186 KB
187 KB
Font
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Full URL
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Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
143.204.215.2 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
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Software
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
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accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
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sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Thu, 28 Mar 2024 22:43:06 GMT
via
1.1 28f8e84a396255d768dd04c506bf86f0.cloudfront.net (CloudFront), 1.1 e7377cc861b31102786678df3616bf68.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
last-modified
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x-amz-cf-pop
FRA56-P10, FRA53-C1
age
313269
x-cache
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content-type
font/woff
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
max-age=31536000
accept-ranges
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content-length
190952
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259 KB
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H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
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Security Headers
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
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Origin
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accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
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sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Fri, 29 Mar 2024 20:46:19 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
age
233876
content-security-policy-report-only
require-trusted-types-for 'script'; report-uri https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/apps-themes
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
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content-length
264864
x-xss-protection
0
last-modified
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server
sffe
cross-origin-opener-policy
same-origin; report-to="apps-themes"
report-to
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content-type
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access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
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accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
expires
Sat, 29 Mar 2025 20:46:19 GMT
authenBrowser.json
cdn.libretexts.net/
1 KB
1 KB
Fetch
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/authenBrowser.json
Requested by
Host: test.libretexts.org
URL: https://test.libretexts.org/eaturner/dev/reuse.20231009.js
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
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Software
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Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
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Referer
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accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
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x-amz-request-id
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age
707
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
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last-modified
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server
cloudflare
etag
W/"34f2b503e7649b2718e04980fa3a2f6a"
access-control-max-age
0
access-control-allow-methods
GET
content-type
application/json
access-control-allow-origin
*
report-to
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x-do-cdn-uuid
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x-rgw-object-type
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cache-control
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vary
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cf-ray
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priority
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84b10e0f37.css
use.fontawesome.com/
1 KB
708 B
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://use.fontawesome.com/84b10e0f37.css
Requested by
Host: use.fontawesome.com
URL: https://use.fontawesome.com/84b10e0f37.js
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2606:4700:e6::ac40:ce26 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
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sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
last-modified
Fri, 22 Sep 2023 00:59:05 GMT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
server
cloudflare
age
1389
etag
W/"01f217fad59468b421394f29369ef7ca"
vary
Accept-Encoding
report-to
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content-type
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cache-control
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cf-ray
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alt-svc
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annotator.css
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60 KB
11 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
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Requested by
Host: hypothes.is
URL: https://hypothes.is/embed.js
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.22.135 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
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accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
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sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
content-encoding
br
x-amz-request-id
ZZYHX97KFVGPE3C6
age
8907
x-amz-server-side-encryption
AES256
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
x-amz-id-2
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last-modified
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server
cloudflare
etag
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vary
Accept-Encoding
content-type
text/css; charset=UTF-8
cache-control
public, max-age=315360000, immutable
cf-ray
86d903499fe71daa-FRA
annotator.bundle.js
cdn.hypothes.is/hypothesis/1.1474.0/build/scripts/
181 KB
56 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.hypothes.is/hypothesis/1.1474.0/build/scripts/annotator.bundle.js?e78a2a
Requested by
Host: hypothes.is
URL: https://hypothes.is/embed.js
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.22.135 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
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accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
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sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
content-encoding
br
x-amz-request-id
ZZYK9J50D5HTV2CJ
age
8907
x-amz-server-side-encryption
AES256
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
x-amz-id-2
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last-modified
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server
cloudflare
etag
W/"0a258233c36283aff57fb1dd83099cb5"
vary
Accept-Encoding
content-type
application/javascript; charset=UTF-8
cache-control
public, max-age=315360000, immutable
cf-ray
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highlights.css
cdn.hypothes.is/hypothesis/1.1474.0/build/styles/
8 KB
1 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
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Requested by
Host: hypothes.is
URL: https://hypothes.is/embed.js
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.22.135 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
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accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
content-encoding
br
x-amz-request-id
ZZYPRJ40106T1EWF
age
8907
x-amz-server-side-encryption
AES256
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
x-amz-id-2
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last-modified
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 11:11:19 GMT
server
cloudflare
etag
W/"abbe9400099959552fde7846bb3b5c1f"
vary
Accept-Encoding
content-type
text/css; charset=UTF-8
cache-control
public, max-age=315360000, immutable
cf-ray
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subpages
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3 KB
3 KB
Fetch
General
Full URL
https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/pages/34/subpages?dream.out.format=json&origin=mt-web
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
99.84.88.21 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
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Software
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Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
x-deki-page-view-id
8a8c4d45-4989-4214-9c77-3412aee39c36
accept-language
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sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
x-deki-token
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User-Agent
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Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
x-deki-client
mindtouch-martian
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

x-dream-feature
GET:pages/*/subpages
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
strict-transport-security
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via
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x-amz-cf-pop
MUC50-C1
x-cache
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content-type
application/json; charset=utf-8
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alt-svc
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H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

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content-encoding
br
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
server
Google Tag Manager
vary
Accept-Encoding
content-type
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x-amz-cf-pop
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x-dream-feature
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x-amz-cf-pop
MUC50-C1
x-cache
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x-deki-site
id="site_4463"
content-type
text/plain; charset=us-ascii
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H2
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Response headers

x-amz-version-id
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x-amz-cf-pop
FRA53-C1
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Redirect headers

x-dream-feature
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strict-transport-security
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x-amz-cf-pop
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x-cache
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x-deki-site
id="site_4463"
content-type
text/plain; charset=us-ascii
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H2
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TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
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143.204.215.2 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
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sec-ch-ua
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content-encoding
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54 KB
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General
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H3
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QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
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Request headers

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sec-ch-ua-mobile
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sec-ch-ua-platform
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Response headers

date
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content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
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Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
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server
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cf-cdnjs-via
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accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
cf-ray
86d90349d8809043-FRA
expires
Sat, 22 Mar 2025 13:44:15 GMT
all.min.js
cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.15.3/js/
1 MB
355 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.15.3/js/all.min.js
Requested by
Host: cdn.libretexts.net
URL: https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/ckeditor-binder-plugin/js/registerPlugin.min.js
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
104.17.24.14 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
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X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0.01,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
strict-transport-security
max-age=15780000
age
1626236
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length
362991
last-modified
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server
cloudflare
cf-cdnjs-via
cfworker/kv
etag
"6599bdae-589ef"
vary
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report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=N9opQhWWOY868Sy0JLLN0GdQdnHKGGDTq4cQezary7mfvHBYOIOHjPdrwysq%2BJ6zuR972hKG0bkF8ZuHHXKSKrqNA47r0wuJVYH9gOTIyLHP6rTkhkNEO0TuPCRaNO6mv6bkWaT8"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
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access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
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accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
cf-ray
86d90349d8819043-FRA
expires
Sat, 22 Mar 2025 13:44:15 GMT
v4-shims.min.js
cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.15.3/js/
15 KB
4 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.15.3/js/v4-shims.min.js
Requested by
Host: cdn.libretexts.net
URL: https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/ckeditor-binder-plugin/js/registerPlugin.min.js
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
104.17.24.14 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
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accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
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sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0.01,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
strict-transport-security
max-age=15780000
age
843432
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length
3637
last-modified
Sat, 06 Jan 2024 21:53:10 GMT
server
cloudflare
cf-cdnjs-via
cfworker/kv
etag
"6599bdb6-e35"
vary
Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=HgmDQsPE90Z8JqpqtvcAt%2FxqB5ZgUvAYWDNPOa81SoCYF2TOXBdvE3UKgL3zqwvM%2B0ygpnrNMiWjuANyEUnpCB77XDa6KUDp0Hn%2FOYlHJcOoqiFQRBRHlc0G9koTJb%2FXqYgmo0wf"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
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access-control-allow-origin
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cache-control
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accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
cf-ray
86d90349d8839043-FRA
expires
Sat, 22 Mar 2025 13:44:15 GMT
libreone-launchpad-widget.min.js
cdn.libretexts.net/
5 KB
3 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/libreone-launchpad-widget.min.js
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
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accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
tx00000f938d79620c426c7-0065fcf161-4898b888-sfo3a
age
1873
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
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server
cloudflare
etag
W/"c7561d17cb35ac40ba4c90234e6aa1a2"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=71V%2B8ar1YMekLv154qikkNEjZrsTSHGmoMYlVLzMkh0UUtUr0N8IyUUBMrSmOdcNcmuY7oGnZ10C0KAfmHZJWswXELTgXZ23zRVaXYZayw1agZobzu%2FmDLXqQ0GP9lls3U%2Fw7zo%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
text/javascript
x-do-cdn-uuid
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x-rgw-object-type
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cache-control
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cf-ray
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priority
u=3,i=?0
collect
region1.google-analytics.com/g/
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54 B
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Full URL
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Requested by
Host: www.googletagmanager.com
URL: https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-32Z92SXH2E
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2001:4860:4802:32::36 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Golfe2 /
Resource Hash
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
server
Golfe2
content-type
text/plain
access-control-allow-origin
https://bio.libretexts.org
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
0
expires
Fri, 01 Jan 1990 00:00:00 GMT
font-awesome-css.min.css
use.fontawesome.com/releases/v4.7.0/css/
30 KB
7 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v4.7.0/css/font-awesome-css.min.css
Requested by
Host: use.fontawesome.com
URL: https://use.fontawesome.com/84b10e0f37.css
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2606:4700:e6::ac40:ce26 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
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Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://use.fontawesome.com/84b10e0f37.css
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
last-modified
Fri, 22 Sep 2023 01:44:05 GMT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
server
cloudflare
age
1100851
etag
W/"36082410df2ef7f83932219089dc1443"
vary
Accept-Encoding
report-to
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content-type
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cache-control
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cf-ray
86d9034a0e281c3c-FRA
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
http
bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/
0
0
Fetch
General
Full URL
https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/http?dream.out.format=json
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
99.84.88.21 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-99-84-88-21.muc50.r.cloudfront.net
Software
/
Resource Hash
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
x-deki-web-widget-embed-info
eyJfd2ViV2lkZ2V0RW1iZWRJZCI6IiIsIl93ZWJXaWRnZXRFbWJlZExvY2F0aW9uIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9iaW8ubGlicmV0ZXh0cy5vcmcvIn0=
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
x-deki-token
xhr_2_1711979029_997cd8e63e8e0f01b5f23057e5bdb0c3dc557fdc2dada9c3408b8ad9dbe04d21
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
x-deki-unseated
true
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

x-dream-feature
GET:http
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:16 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000
via
1.1 ea6cdb5ba8bfb6f6aa18ec6651e5bc42.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
x-amz-cf-pop
MUC50-C1
x-cache
Miss from cloudfront
x-deki-site
id="site_4463"
x-data-stats
request-time-ms=11; cache-hit=1; cache-ratio=1.00; user-hit=1; user-ratio=1.00;
x-deki-request-id
ee863628-f02d-11ee-a876-e2b5d5c1bb3b
alt-svc
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content-length
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x-amz-cf-id
jRU_la_WscyfQNz6IGbjSAOcM0AD-NN1MxlLAhEqUPdiOgcM9hrQgQ==
launchpad-rocket-icon.svg
cdn.libretexts.net/Icons/
1 KB
1 KB
Image
General
Full URL
https://cdn.libretexts.net/Icons/launchpad-rocket-icon.svg
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.67.216.41 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
br
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
x-amz-request-id
tx0000048a780dbb75ce311-0065ffa419-4898437a-sfo3a
age
1790
x-envoy-upstream-healthchecked-cluster
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
last-modified
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server
cloudflare
etag
W/"a6a4dd5a44fbe1ded15179973305b4d5"
vary
Origin, Access-Control-Request-Headers, Access-Control-Request-Method, Accept-Encoding
report-to
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content-type
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x-do-cdn-uuid
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x-rgw-object-type
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cache-control
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cf-ray
86d9034a39059f2f-FRA
priority
u=3,i
autobold.js
cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/extensions/TeX/
1 KB
1 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/extensions/TeX/autobold.js?V=2.7.5
Requested by
Host: cdnjs.cloudflare.com
URL: https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_HTML
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
104.17.24.14 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15780000
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0.01,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
strict-transport-security
max-age=15780000
age
1621254
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length
552
last-modified
Mon, 04 May 2020 16:13:14 GMT
server
cloudflare
cf-cdnjs-via
cfworker/kv
etag
"5eb03f1a-50a"
vary
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report-to
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content-type
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access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
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accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
cf-ray
86d9034a68e79043-FRA
expires
Sat, 22 Mar 2025 13:44:15 GMT
mhchem.js
cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/extensions/TeX/
9 KB
3 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/extensions/TeX/mhchem.js?V=2.7.5
Requested by
Host: cdnjs.cloudflare.com
URL: https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_HTML
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
104.17.24.14 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
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Security Headers
Name Value
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X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:15 GMT
content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0.01,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
strict-transport-security
max-age=15780000
age
550930
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length
2591
last-modified
Mon, 04 May 2020 16:13:14 GMT
server
cloudflare
cf-cdnjs-via
cfworker/kv
etag
"5eb03f1a-2218"
vary
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report-to
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content-type
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access-control-allow-origin
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cache-control
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accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
cf-ray
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expires
Sat, 22 Mar 2025 13:44:15 GMT
color.js
cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/extensions/TeX/
5 KB
2 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/extensions/TeX/color.js?V=2.7.5
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X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:16 GMT
content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0.01,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
strict-transport-security
max-age=15780000
age
829093
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length
22167
last-modified
Mon, 04 May 2020 16:13:15 GMT
server
cloudflare
cf-cdnjs-via
cfworker/kv
etag
"5eb03f1b-1428b"
vary
Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=ZIO%2Frcx%2B8XNWXqJ79JcfC%2FWYnO2UysgjXLPf7wZfQVM4jQUwWlQi1h5bL32SHMj8ftIbeLtsfFkrpNp3HHjzBaQjxtLrV9DVOgBdyUDxyfJJAEIV9gdi4s0e0LGZxBUEGeBthFcX"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/javascript; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
public, max-age=30672000
accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
cf-ray
86d9034c0a189043-FRA
expires
Sat, 22 Mar 2025 13:44:16 GMT
fontdata.js
cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/jax/output/HTML-CSS/fonts/TeX/
43 KB
11 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/jax/output/HTML-CSS/fonts/TeX/fontdata.js?V=2.7.5
Requested by
Host: cdnjs.cloudflare.com
URL: https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS_HTML
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
104.17.24.14 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
3ea83249a91b6f21afac9f613a87ebc9d85757f6c9c206fe697a004435e63ce5
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15780000
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:16 GMT
content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0.01,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
strict-transport-security
max-age=15780000
age
394016
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length
10468
last-modified
Mon, 04 May 2020 16:13:15 GMT
server
cloudflare
cf-cdnjs-via
cfworker/kv
etag
"5eb03f1b-ad3a"
vary
Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=iaZCzKifAh9McVjS6DPPBWgsmfByL6KB97yxFlAEz3ah9kB7WugHz5QkaWsSEEaRB094djzkQXOpxm9RaunO2iBIhcmjmjyw0aqtnzoetIE8aDvy0SCKFCz%2F0Mn0PPOhFTgkblo7"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/javascript; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
public, max-age=30672000
accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
cf-ray
86d9034c6a6b9043-FRA
expires
Sat, 22 Mar 2025 13:44:16 GMT
MathJax_Main-Regular.woff
cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/
33 KB
34 KB
Font
General
Full URL
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/MathJax_Main-Regular.woff?V=2.7.5
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
104.17.24.14 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
55c77dfef369aee9bf4058c15f01b7d8c245177cd0e2a6ecb1d1ae71a7443d6f
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15780000
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
Origin
https://bio.libretexts.org
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:16 GMT
content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0.01,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
strict-transport-security
max-age=15780000
age
1121799
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length
34168
last-modified
Mon, 04 May 2020 16:13:15 GMT
server
cloudflare
cf-cdnjs-via
cfworker/kv
etag
"5eb03f1b-8574"
vary
Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=QpUTulW6TnV2y8YbW8s739NKF%2FlhiDG7WAKS11FI1F3ErzEfQ4AgatqXtXOyc51HcTuL718hdsHEHUpOaiEIzYVX%2FP6%2BnKfA9VwMpfSfWH8GNK2OuSVdMTZOZd8FWSW2rc9qaFjl"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/octet-stream; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
public, max-age=30672000
accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
cf-ray
86d9034cfa9e3617-FRA
expires
Sat, 22 Mar 2025 13:44:16 GMT
MathJax_Math-Italic.woff
cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/
19 KB
19 KB
Font
General
Full URL
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/MathJax_Math-Italic.woff?V=2.7.5
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
104.17.24.14 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
8db815a915b38f569e5c06686cae5489a9a396607915fdc21eeb052e61d6c27c
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15780000
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
Origin
https://bio.libretexts.org
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:16 GMT
content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0.01,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
strict-transport-security
max-age=15780000
age
333676
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length
19289
last-modified
Mon, 04 May 2020 16:13:15 GMT
server
cloudflare
cf-cdnjs-via
cfworker/kv
etag
"5eb03f1b-4b9c"
vary
Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=tJQzS07OVs%2F8eZBLUwAXzV8mfTDRRbOu0CGOOhetvyGB6xwVmGg3RPKuhwux9toMoAqXXiu31eO5UPWHls2%2FoLD0MQNeeBlWUtnGVJyxks4vasyO%2Bj6tP0f5lryBBnGtqwEZZbIU"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/octet-stream; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
public, max-age=30672000
accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
cf-ray
86d9034cfa9f3617-FRA
expires
Sat, 22 Mar 2025 13:44:16 GMT
MathJax_Size1-Regular.woff
cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/
6 KB
6 KB
Font
General
Full URL
https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/fonts/HTML-CSS/TeX/woff/MathJax_Size1-Regular.woff?V=2.7.5
Requested by
Host: bio.libretexts.org
URL: https://bio.libretexts.org/
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
104.17.24.14 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
2cf985fbe70694eda52314ccab5a052a177691e05d90c0be44d05e57da22d001
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=15780000
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
Origin
https://bio.libretexts.org
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:16 GMT
content-encoding
br
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cf-cache-status
HIT
nel
{"success_fraction":0.01,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
strict-transport-security
max-age=15780000
age
1630887
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length
5725
last-modified
Mon, 04 May 2020 16:13:15 GMT
server
cloudflare
cf-cdnjs-via
cfworker/kv
etag
"5eb03f1b-16a0"
vary
Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=eaFTkHVK8VGLfpDHq6aAUixwBXoT0lY2oDIJ7BeVR6q0Cp7oFjo9VO60tVxs6tMNIerMbgF6D8YJlkj7QonzgwcFdxpZi4ead%2FkV0TCoPVHBKAgatNPm7dRTAI3tjwRJnN90ey%2Fa"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
content-type
application/octet-stream; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
public, max-age=30672000
accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
cf-ray
86d9034cfaa03617-FRA
expires
Sat, 22 Mar 2025 13:44:16 GMT
info
bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/pages/home/
374 B
916 B
Fetch
General
Full URL
https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/pages/home/info?dream.out.format=json
Requested by
Host: test.libretexts.org
URL: https://test.libretexts.org/eaturner/dev/reuse.20231009.js
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
99.84.88.21 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-99-84-88-21.muc50.r.cloudfront.net
Software
/
Resource Hash
b3419d760415ccadac46e499250fb654699287582b8b3f507e9b11302e613457
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
x-deki-token
b344357b05fc8a22c77e34a9ff866009fac7481b9f90cd8a006565866e7083a5
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
X-Requested-With
XMLHttpRequest
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

x-dream-feature
GET:pages/*/info
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:16 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000
via
1.1 ea6cdb5ba8bfb6f6aa18ec6651e5bc42.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
x-amz-cf-pop
MUC50-C1
x-cache
Miss from cloudfront
x-deki-site
id="site_4463"
content-type
application/json; charset=utf-8
x-data-stats
request-time-ms=20; cache-hit=5; cache-miss=1; cache-ratio=0.83; developertoken-hit=1; developertoken-ratio=1.00; page-hit=1; pagenode-hit=1; pagenode-ratio=1.00; page-ratio=1.00; permission-hit=1; permission-ratio=1.00; user-hit=1; user-ratio=1.00; webwidget-miss=1; webwidget-ratio=0.00;
x-deki-request-id
eec7f9c8-f02d-11ee-8839-29d6204dcb2b
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length
374
x-amz-cf-id
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subpages
bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/pages/home/
3 KB
3 KB
Fetch
General
Full URL
https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/pages/home/subpages?dream.out.format=json&limit=all
Requested by
Host: test.libretexts.org
URL: https://test.libretexts.org/eaturner/dev/reuse.20231009.js
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
99.84.88.21 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-99-84-88-21.muc50.r.cloudfront.net
Software
/
Resource Hash
f91b89544c4397d673c10695db1451dccb95396b208438e82bcbc9c589b9191f
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
x-deki-token
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User-Agent
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Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
X-Requested-With
XMLHttpRequest
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

x-dream-feature
GET:pages/*/subpages
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:16 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000
via
1.1 ea6cdb5ba8bfb6f6aa18ec6651e5bc42.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
x-amz-cf-pop
MUC50-C1
x-cache
Miss from cloudfront
x-deki-site
id="site_4463"
content-type
application/json; charset=utf-8
x-data-stats
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x-deki-request-id
eed131be-f02d-11ee-be71-83f4b195191d
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length
2695
x-amz-cf-id
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15 KB
15 KB
Font
General
Full URL
https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v30/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Mu4mxK.woff2
Requested by
Host: fonts.googleapis.com
URL: https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto&display=swap
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2a00:1450:4001:80f::2003 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
sffe /
Resource Hash
f6734f8177112c0839b961f96d813fcb189d81b60e96c33278c1983b6f419615
Security Headers
Name Value
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://fonts.googleapis.com/
Origin
https://bio.libretexts.org
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Sat, 30 Mar 2024 03:50:46 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
age
208410
content-security-policy-report-only
require-trusted-types-for 'script'; report-uri https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/apps-themes
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
15744
x-xss-protection
0
last-modified
Wed, 11 May 2022 19:24:48 GMT
server
sffe
cross-origin-opener-policy
same-origin; report-to="apps-themes"
report-to
{"group":"apps-themes","max_age":2592000,"endpoints":[{"url":"https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/report-to/apps-themes"}]}
content-type
font/woff2
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
public, max-age=31536000
accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
expires
Sun, 30 Mar 2025 03:50:46 GMT
install-popup-button.js
donorbox.org/
12 KB
6 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://donorbox.org/install-popup-button.js
Requested by
Host: cdn.libretexts.net
URL: https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/ExportButtons/libreExportButtons.min.js
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2606:4700:10::6816:32f9 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
5dd66829d70e0f702d82dad297997a865e34cb6d6d2adf09e2ee5bf6a5131d34

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:16 GMT
via
1.1 vegur
content-encoding
gzip
cf-cache-status
REVALIDATED
last-modified
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:27:23 GMT
nel
{"report_to":"heroku-nel","max_age":3600,"success_fraction":0.005,"failure_fraction":0.05,"response_headers":["Via"]}
server
cloudflare
vary
Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"group":"heroku-nel","max_age":3600,"endpoints":[{"url":"https://nel.heroku.com/reports?ts=1711978273&sid=1b10b0ff-8a76-4548-befa-353fc6c6c045&s=3WEoXXlqD6Ft3HnPDwJAhoDpuhEsw1TekcdTivTM%2Bno%3D"}]}
content-type
application/javascript
cache-control
public, s-maxage=120, max-age=0
cf-ray
86d9034f1df99f27-FRA
reporting-endpoints
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performance
bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/events/page-view/34/
0
0
Fetch
General
Full URL
https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/events/page-view/34/performance?dream.out.format=json&origin=mt-web
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
99.84.88.21 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-99-84-88-21.muc50.r.cloudfront.net
Software
/
Resource Hash
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
x-deki-page-view-id
8a8c4d45-4989-4214-9c77-3412aee39c36
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
x-deki-token
xhr_2_1711979054_7f3c46258b78247f95fd6333e2a9d4acde621a53ee3eb78ec39a89bafb242874
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
content-type
application/json; charset=utf-8
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
x-deki-client
mindtouch-martian
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

x-dream-feature
POST:events/page-view/*/*
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:16 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000
via
1.1 ea6cdb5ba8bfb6f6aa18ec6651e5bc42.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
x-amz-cf-pop
MUC50-C1
x-cache
Miss from cloudfront
x-deki-site
id="site_4463"
x-data-stats
request-time-ms=8; cache-hit=3; cache-ratio=1.00; pagenode-hit=1; pagenode-ratio=1.00; permission-hit=1; permission-ratio=1.00; user-hit=1; user-ratio=1.00;
x-deki-request-id
eecb76ac-f02d-11ee-acb6-348dd3b618ef
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length
0
x-amz-cf-id
BsJ6-jL_cfQ6ayihAN1xtToudFQFeDgi5uw3t-1zupESE1yZ2K76_g==
rum
cloudflareinsights.com/cdn-cgi/ Frame
0
0
Preflight
General
Full URL
https://cloudflareinsights.com/cdn-cgi/rum
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2606:4700::6810:5049 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
Security Headers
Name Value
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Frame-Options DENY

Request headers

Accept
*/*
Access-Control-Request-Headers
content-type
Access-Control-Request-Method
POST
Origin
https://bio.libretexts.org
Sec-Fetch-Mode
cors
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36

Response headers

access-control-allow-credentials
true
access-control-allow-headers
Content-Type
access-control-allow-methods
POST,OPTIONS
access-control-allow-origin
https://bio.libretexts.org
access-control-max-age
86400
cf-ray
86d9034f4e9465cf-FRA
content-encoding
gzip
content-type
text/plain
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:16 GMT
server
cloudflare
vary
Origin
x-content-type-options
nosniff
x-frame-options
DENY
rum
cloudflareinsights.com/cdn-cgi/
0
37 B
XHR
General
Full URL
https://cloudflareinsights.com/cdn-cgi/rum
Requested by
Host: static.cloudflareinsights.com
URL: https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2606:4700::6810:5049 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855
Security Headers
Name Value
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Frame-Options DENY

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
content-type
application/json

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:16 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
server
cloudflare
vary
Origin
access-control-max-age
86400
access-control-allow-methods
POST,OPTIONS
access-control-allow-origin
https://bio.libretexts.org
x-frame-options
DENY
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cf-ray
86d9034f9eca65cf-FRA
1478193068-favicon.ico
a.mtstatic.com/@public/production/site_4463/
4 KB
5 KB
Other
General
Full URL
https://a.mtstatic.com/@public/production/site_4463/1478193068-favicon.ico
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
143.204.215.2 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-143-204-215-2.fra53.r.cloudfront.net
Software
AmazonS3 /
Resource Hash
a293631a9c9e6b0ed5be0f4702ba9760ad6254935c371f31f646c37aae907c8f

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Thu, 28 Mar 2024 22:32:08 GMT
via
1.1 c5c25772c7f14e267596e0f8ce51d9bc.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
last-modified
Thu, 03 Nov 2016 17:11:09 GMT
server
AmazonS3
x-amz-cf-pop
FRA53-C1
age
313929
etag
"31cb10a7c779fd66b454a7594d8befd8"
x-cache
Hit from cloudfront
content-type
image/vnd.microsoft.icon
cache-control
max-age=29030400, public
accept-ranges
bytes
content-length
4286
x-amz-cf-id
kMQw5m44hJQFZwhDQldycrptHaCgwiAecHiLx0BqUr8xsDzeIj6aJg==
animate-popup-donate-button.css
donorbox.org/
2 KB
902 B
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://donorbox.org/animate-popup-donate-button.css
Requested by
Host: donorbox.org
URL: https://donorbox.org/install-popup-button.js
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2606:4700:10::6816:32f9 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
cloudflare /
Resource Hash
dfdec4c1ef120898b51058722f18f97e259fa35e6591dc0c70da6a9e48207945
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:16 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains
via
1.1 vegur
cf-cache-status
HIT
last-modified
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:27:23 GMT
nel
{"report_to":"heroku-nel","max_age":3600,"success_fraction":0.005,"failure_fraction":0.05,"response_headers":["Via"]}
server
cloudflare
age
783
vary
Accept-Encoding
report-to
{"group":"heroku-nel","max_age":3600,"endpoints":[{"url":"https://nel.heroku.com/reports?ts=1711978273&sid=1b10b0ff-8a76-4548-befa-353fc6c6c045&s=3WEoXXlqD6Ft3HnPDwJAhoDpuhEsw1TekcdTivTM%2Bno%3D"}]}
content-type
text/css
content-encoding
gzip
cf-ray
86d9035148d59f27-FRA
reporting-endpoints
heroku-nel=https://nel.heroku.com/reports?ts=1711978273&sid=1b10b0ff-8a76-4548-befa-353fc6c6c045&s=3WEoXXlqD6Ft3HnPDwJAhoDpuhEsw1TekcdTivTM%2Bno%3D
css2
fonts.googleapis.com/
2 KB
734 B
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter&display=swap
Requested by
Host: donorbox.org
URL: https://donorbox.org/animate-popup-donate-button.css
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2a00:1450:4001:80b::200a Frankfurt am Main, Germany, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
ESF /
Resource Hash
134d30ed9c825909dd32af40d469aaafedfe1b17447abee0ed6c43c7254d2a48
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://donorbox.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:16 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
x-xss-protection
0
last-modified
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 12:10:54 GMT
server
ESF
cross-origin-opener-policy
same-origin-allow-popups
x-frame-options
SAMEORIGIN
content-type
text/css; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
private, max-age=86400, stale-while-revalidate=604800
timing-allow-origin
*
link
<https://fonts.gstatic.com>; rel=preconnect; crossorigin
expires
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:16 GMT
collect
region1.google-analytics.com/g/
0
54 B
Ping
General
Full URL
https://region1.google-analytics.com/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-32Z92SXH2E&gtm=45je43r0v896038982za200&_p=1711979055251&gcd=13l3l3l2l1&npa=1&dma_cps=sypham&dma=1&cid=1725156565.1711979055&ul=en-us&sr=800x600&uaa=x86&uab=64&uafvl=Google%2520Chrome%3B123.0.6312.86%7CNot%253AA-Brand%3B8.0.0.0%7CChromium%3B123.0.6312.86&uamb=0&uam=&uap=Win32&uapv=10.0.0&uaw=0&pscdl=noapi&_eu=AEA&_s=2&sid=1711979055&sct=1&seg=0&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.libretexts.org%2F&dt=Home%20-%20Biology%20LibreTexts&en=scroll&epn.percent_scrolled=90&_et=12&tfd=7103
Requested by
Host: www.googletagmanager.com
URL: https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-32Z92SXH2E
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2001:4860:4802:32::36 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Golfe2 /
Resource Hash
e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="123", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="123"
Referer
https://bio.libretexts.org/
accept-language
de-DE,de;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/123.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
date
Mon, 01 Apr 2024 13:44:20 GMT
server
Golfe2
content-type
text/plain
access-control-allow-origin
https://bio.libretexts.org
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
0
expires
Fri, 01 Jan 1990 00:00:00 GMT

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

348 JavaScript Global Variables

These are the non-standard "global" variables defined on the window object. These can be helpful in identifying possible client-side frameworks and code.

object| onpagereveal object| regeneratorRuntime function| $ function| jQuery object| dialogPolyfill function| _ function| makeString function| s object| WebFont object| TimeMe object| Url object| Deki object| _paq string| GoogleAnalyticsObject function| ga object| JsLoadingOverlay object| google_tag_data object| gaplugins object| gaGlobal object| gaData object| dataLayer object| google_tag_manager object| Piwik object| Matomo object| AnalyticsTracker function| piwik_log function| LibreTextsReuse function| createLaunchpadElement function| loadLaunchpadScript function| hypothesisConfig boolean| beelineEnabled object| THREE boolean| THREEloaded function| TV3 function| TF3 function| TCo function| GLmol boolean| GLloaded boolean| JSloaded object| Jmol object| SwingController function| LoadClazz object| FontAwesomeCdnConfig string| cssUrl function| libreNavButtons number| 2f1acc6c3a606b082e5eef5e54414ffb function| activateBeeLine function| iFrameResize function| saveAs function| Sidebar boolean| h5pResizerInitialized function| gtag object| MathJax object| MicroModal object| Popper function| tippy object| YAHOO object| CryptoJS number| dbits string| b64map string| b64pad function| hex2b64 function| b64tohex function| b64toBA number| canary boolean| j_lm function| BigInteger function| nbi function| am1 function| am2 function| am3 number| BI_FP string| BI_RM object| BI_RC number| rr number| vv function| int2char function| intAt function| bnpCopyTo function| bnpFromInt function| nbv function| bnpFromString function| bnpClamp function| bnToString function| bnNegate function| bnAbs function| bnCompareTo function| nbits function| bnBitLength function| bnpDLShiftTo function| bnpDRShiftTo function| bnpLShiftTo function| bnpRShiftTo function| bnpSubTo function| bnpMultiplyTo function| bnpSquareTo function| bnpDivRemTo function| bnMod function| Classic function| cConvert function| cRevert function| cReduce function| cMulTo function| cSqrTo function| bnpInvDigit function| Montgomery function| montConvert function| montRevert function| montReduce function| montSqrTo function| montMulTo function| bnpIsEven function| bnpExp function| bnModPowInt function| bnClone function| bnIntValue function| bnByteValue function| bnShortValue function| bnpChunkSize function| bnSigNum function| bnpToRadix function| bnpFromRadix function| bnpFromNumber function| bnToByteArray function| bnEquals function| bnMin function| bnMax function| bnpBitwiseTo function| op_and function| bnAnd function| op_or function| bnOr function| op_xor function| bnXor function| op_andnot function| bnAndNot function| bnNot function| bnShiftLeft function| bnShiftRight function| lbit function| bnGetLowestSetBit function| cbit function| bnBitCount function| bnTestBit function| bnpChangeBit function| bnSetBit function| bnClearBit function| bnFlipBit function| bnpAddTo function| bnAdd function| bnSubtract function| bnMultiply function| bnSquare function| bnDivide function| bnRemainder function| bnDivideAndRemainder function| bnpDMultiply function| bnpDAddOffset function| NullExp function| nNop function| nMulTo function| nSqrTo function| bnPow function| bnpMultiplyLowerTo function| bnpMultiplyUpperTo function| Barrett function| barrettConvert function| barrettRevert function| barrettReduce function| barrettSqrTo function| barrettMulTo function| bnModPow function| bnGCD function| bnpModInt function| bnModInverse object| lowprimes number| lplim function| bnIsProbablePrime function| bnpMillerRabin function| Arcfour function| ARC4init function| ARC4next function| prng_newstate undefined| rng_state number| rng_psize function| rng_seed_int function| rng_seed_time object| rng_pool number| rng_pptr object| ua undefined| z number| t function| rng_get_byte function| rng_get_bytes function| SecureRandom function| parseBigInt function| linebrk function| byte2Hex function| pkcs1pad2 function| oaep_mgf1_arr function| oaep_pad function| RSAKey function| RSASetPublic function| RSADoPublic function| RSAEncrypt function| RSAEncryptOAEP function| pkcs1unpad2 function| oaep_mgf1_str function| oaep_unpad function| RSASetPrivate function| RSASetPrivateEx function| RSAGenerate function| RSADoPrivate function| RSADecrypt function| RSADecryptOAEP function| ECFieldElementFp function| feFpEquals function| feFpToBigInteger function| feFpNegate function| feFpAdd function| feFpSubtract function| feFpMultiply function| feFpSquare function| feFpDivide function| ECPointFp function| pointFpGetX function| pointFpGetY function| pointFpEquals function| pointFpIsInfinity function| pointFpNegate function| pointFpAdd function| pointFpTwice function| pointFpMultiply function| pointFpMultiplyTwo function| ECCurveFp function| curveFpGetQ function| curveFpGetA function| curveFpGetB function| curveFpEquals function| curveFpGetInfinity function| curveFpFromBigInteger function| curveFpDecodePointHex function| jsonParse object| KJUR function| utf8tob64u function| b64utoutf8 object| ASN1HEX function| Base64x function| stoBA function| BAtos function| BAtohex function| stohex function| stob64 function| stob64u function| b64utos function| b64tob64u function| b64utob64 function| hextob64u function| b64utohex function| utf8tob64 function| b64toutf8 function| utf8tohex function| hextoutf8 function| hextorstr function| rstrtohex function| hextob64 function| hextob64nl function| b64nltohex function| hextopem function| pemtohex function| hextoArrayBuffer function| ArrayBuffertohex function| zulutomsec function| zulutosec function| zulutodate function| datetozulu function| uricmptohex function| hextouricmp function| ipv6tohex function| hextoipv6 function| hextoip function| iptohex function| encodeURIComponentAll function| newline_toUnix function| newline_toDos function| hextoposhex function| intarystrtohex function| strdiffidx object| KEYUTIL object| _RE_HEXDECONLY function| _rsasign_getHexPaddedDigestInfoForString function| _zeroPaddingOfSignature function| pss_mgf1_str function| _rsasign_getDecryptSignatureBI function| _rsasign_getHexDigestInfoFromSig function| _rsasign_getAlgNameAndHashFromHexDisgestInfo function| X509 function| X509CRL function| Cookies object| BeelineUtils function| BeeLineReader object| QRCode boolean| youtubeIframe object| AblePlayerInstances function| onYouTubeIframeAPIReady function| AblePlayer function| AccessibleSlider function| AccessibleDialog function| getCC function| licenseControl function| LibreTextsCASBridgeVerifyJWT function| LibreTextsLoginCAS function| LibreTextsLogoutCAS function| LibreTextsGlossarizer object| libretextGlossary function| setImmediate function| clearImmediate function| CitRequire function| buildcite function| getParam function| getCite function| download function| getFile function| hidecite function| attribution function| hideattr object| __cfBeacon object| MindTouch number| _rollbarStartTime function| rollbar boolean| _rollbarDidLoad object| _MindTouchWebWidgetFactory string| front object| MathJaxConfig function| requirejs function| require function| define function| applyFocusVisiblePolyfill function| Hammer function| a object| ___FONT_AWESOME___ object| fontawesome-free-shims object| FontAwesomeConfig object| FontAwesome undefined| value object| DonorBox boolean| DBOX_INSTALLED function| dw_open

13 Cookies

Domain/Path Name / Value
bio.libretexts.org/ Name: mtwebsession
Value: 73cd78abbdf1ffccf49f5e67fc833df2
.bio.libretexts.org/ Name: dekisession
Value: "MmUzODNmZTctNjczNC00NTlmLTgxZWUtMTgxMjU1ODRhZDIxfDIwMjQtMDQtMDFUMTM6NDQ6MTQ="
.bio.libretexts.org/ Name: _ga
Value: GA1.3.1725156565.1711979055
.bio.libretexts.org/ Name: _gid
Value: GA1.3.1715172095.1711979055
.bio.libretexts.org/ Name: _gat
Value: 1
.bio.libretexts.org/ Name: _gat_mtTracker
Value: 1
.bio.libretexts.org/ Name: _ga_YNNYBFB9RM
Value: GS1.3.1711979055.1.0.1711979055.60.0.0
.libretexts.org/ Name: _pk_id.4.e4be
Value: 8ef5b8afafdcf3f4.1711979055.
.libretexts.org/ Name: _pk_ses.4.e4be
Value: 1
.libretexts.org/ Name: _ga
Value: GA1.1.1725156565.1711979055
.libretexts.org/ Name: _ga_32Z92SXH2E
Value: GS1.1.1711979055.1.0.1711979055.0.0.0
matomo-test-ecs.libretexts.org/ Name: AWSALBTG
Value: gV+YL2zzsDaZHJBs75PW0+X5vQxeZVxb7xm0JLXs2AkPF+oHJkpAwAinw6n5ZAmRO6/eiUj3ZqVemObV8tnu57g9bbFRR7DK3wxce3N4+eGQojBWPW13Tj6ECVPlA+TxnYyZsx0bklgWvxGWFqPbdDzMs0q1F/CKZrel+9DjEdsXqjM5VD4=
matomo-test-ecs.libretexts.org/ Name: AWSALBTGCORS
Value: gV+YL2zzsDaZHJBs75PW0+X5vQxeZVxb7xm0JLXs2AkPF+oHJkpAwAinw6n5ZAmRO6/eiUj3ZqVemObV8tnu57g9bbFRR7DK3wxce3N4+eGQojBWPW13Tj6ECVPlA+TxnYyZsx0bklgWvxGWFqPbdDzMs0q1F/CKZrel+9DjEdsXqjM5VD4=

Security Headers

This page lists any security headers set by the main page. If you want to understand what these mean and how to use them, head on over to this page

Header Value
Content-Security-Policy upgrade-insecure-requests; default-src https: data: filesystem: blob: mediastream: 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'; connect-src https: wss:
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Xss-Protection 1; mode=block

Indicators

This is a term in the security industry to describe indicators such as IPs, Domains, Hashes, etc. This does not imply that any of these indicate malicious activity.

a.mtstatic.com
bio.libretexts.org
cdn.hypothes.is
cdn.jsdelivr.net
cdn.libretexts.net
cdnjs.cloudflare.com
cloudflareinsights.com
donorbox.org
files.mtstatic.com
fonts.googleapis.com
fonts.gstatic.com
hypothes.is
matomo-test-ecs.libretexts.org
pro.fontawesome.com
region1.analytics.google.com
region1.google-analytics.com
static.cloudflareinsights.com
stats.g.doubleclick.net
test.libretexts.org
unpkg.com
use.fontawesome.com
www.google-analytics.com
www.google.com
www.google.de
www.googletagmanager.com
104.16.86.20
104.17.24.14
142.250.185.200
142.250.186.35
143.204.215.2
143.204.215.62
172.67.216.41
172.67.22.135
2001:4860:4802:32::36
216.58.212.132
2600:9000:20c3:7800:11:2451:2fc0:93a1
2604:a880:2:d1::30:e001
2606:4700:10::6816:32f9
2606:4700:4400::6812:2844
2606:4700::6810:5049
2606:4700::6811:f8cb
2606:4700:e6::ac40:ce26
2a00:1450:4001:80b::200a
2a00:1450:4001:80f::2003
2a00:1450:4001:81c::200e
2a00:1450:4001:82f::2008
2a00:1450:400c:c0c::9b
34.236.129.127
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