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We're riding the back of an autonomous truck it's about to take a left turn into
oncoming traffic so if their sensor is damaged sanction clear not true it's
accelerating on its own it's braking on its own it's steering on its own the
trucking in the United States is like a seven hundred billion dollar a year
industry and it employs 1.8 million people thus far it's been pretty immune to
the changes of globalization and technology but that's about to change with
technology like this true. there's a operator here there's a safety engineer
here because they're still experimenting it's still kind of in development have
you put your hand on the wheel at any point this is like a pretty complex
traffic situation there are cars merging their cars passing us this truck is
changing lanes to go around slow traffic anticipating when people are stopping
and honestly I just like kind of can't believe it it's it's driving itself and
it's doing a pretty good job cheering there we go making a right turn and we
drive way  we recognize that this is a highly disruptive technology on the order
of 10 million people and displacing rapidly that many people would have a
dramatic societal impact we certainly don't want to see that we're not targeting
that we're focused on relieving a shortage but what we're hoping is that there
will be a natural evolution into the jobs of the future just as there has been
in every other technological change what do you tell a trucker we try not to
tell truckers things we try to listen  this is Chuck jock runs a company that is
developing and is gonna produce self-driving trucks that are autonomous to do it
themselves you guys are truck drivers yes sir how  do you feel about the truck
doesn't have a driver in it somebody had headquarters sitting behind a monitor
no there's a driver in there no in the future when there isn't you know once
it's fully tested no we don't need to have a driver in my research no it's not
driver assist it is purely self-driving so like a GPS basically you're going
from point A to point B there's GPS in it there's a lot of tech but GPS is a
part of he took me into one of his trucks today we did like a 90 minute run up
and down i-10 traffic was merging in it was it was changing lanes it was
breaking it was accelerating it was like so there's a dude really good when the
cars cut y'all a car cut us off and you know what it didn't play them on the
brakes the truck just kind of kept rolling hold your equipment handling the high
winch we're actually surprisingly good real in high winds how much weight the
trailer we've gone empty and loaded empty and load yes sir we have very complex
control algorithms and now we hold it with such precision that it is perfectly
straight it's tough you seemed pretty impressed actually yeah I am I wasn't all
for it buy me this I got it I got to see this  that's laser it's lidar it's a
laser like a laser radar what do you love about driving truck. Oh God he'll love
the drive me it's a privilege it's a privilege to get out there get behind the
wheel for 80,000 pounds drive that thing down the road knowing hey you know what
I can do this you can't do it no I can and I know I'm providing the us I'm
providing the world with whatever I got in the back of my Freight I deliver your
clothes your food that you're eating a lot of people don't see that and it's a
good feeling as a driver as a human being you really got to have faith to rely
on is this gonna kill me or yep and we'll have to do a lot of testing to prove
that all right that's definitely different over the next year we're building a
fleet of 200 trucks and we're gonna be operating them day at night just to
validate it to prove it we have to prove to you we have to prove to the
regulators to the States we have to prove to ourselves and you asked me to what
would I do if I didn't drive I can't honey something inspectors I really don't
know what I would do I'd be scared .it's one of the first questions that every
kid gets asked what do you want to be when you grow up previous generations grow
confident that no matter the answer maybe something that's actually not so
certain any automation already affects most jobs but the pace of change and the
sheer capabilities of artificial intelligence are revolutionising our
relationship to work something economists are paying close attention to
technologies are tools they don't decide what we do we decide what we do with
those to us if we have more powerful tools by definition we have more power to
change the world than we ever had before it took about six hundred years for
global average incomes to increase by 50%.


UNITED STATES WORK

Wow here we are from 1988 to now almost 50% or more increases across the board
of humanity this is because of economic freedom and because of technological
progress it just expands the possibilities and therefore expands our income so
much more quickly than we've ever seen before the problem is that as the
economic pie is gotten bigger not everyone has shared wages at the bottom today
of the same adjusted for inflation as they were 60 years ago so all that growth
didn't go down to the people at the bottom the future of work has even caught
the attention of experts like Richard Haass and the Council on Foreign Relations
who've authored a report on the threats it poses to geopolitical stability
millions of jobs are beginning to disappear you've got now a whole new
generation whether it's artificial intelligence robotics autonomous or
driverless vehicles that are coming along that will displace millions of workers
in this country in the United States but also around the world and as suddenly
these technologies come along and they destroy our existing relationships the
stakes for us as individuals are enormous and unless we can replace all that
what's gonna come of us now you drop a few drops of blood in the shark tank
which is a which is AI has machine learning and we're gonna shut down factories
we're gonna place truck drivers what if everything in the country is owned by
three people who are the ones who invented the robots yeah begging them markrob
what can I eat today please will ya me something you can see why people get
upset even thing about blood your blood is gonna boil the discontent that is
evident in the brexit vote in 2016 the vote for Trump in 2016 what is very clear
there's a lot of discontent a lot of people have not been doing very well it
isn't clear how long we have before the political system comes under enormous
stresses we as a society have not even begun to have a sustained or
comprehensive national conversation and what worries me is by the time we really
get around to dealing with this it's gonna be too late over three and a half
million people work in fast food it's one of the easiest jobs to get and a good
first step on the ladder up to a job with better pay and less grease but it's
Southern California's Cali burger gianna toboni found out even this first step
is in jeopardy our vision is that we want to take the restaurant industry and
more broadly the retail industry and make it operate more like the internet we
want to automate as much as we can and allow merchants that operate
brick-and-mortar businesses to see their customers in the same way that Amazon
sees their customers that was 10 seconds probably this was our first robot to
work on the grill the entire fleet of robots that we deploy learns from the
training that takes place here in Pasadena so unlike humans you teach one robot
and perfect it and then you can deploy that software to all the robots in the
field what are the advantages of automating a business like this for a
restaurant chain consistency is critical to success right critical to scale
these restaurants would be safer when you automate him he was touching the food
less labor costs is a big issue right now right it's not just raising minimum
wage but its turnover they come in they get trained and then they leave to go
driving over or do something else I noticed you still have some employees back
here it's not a slippy front oh yeah so we currently think about this is a Kovac
working arrangement we have the robot automating certain tasks that humans don't
necessarily like to do but we still need people in the kitchen managing the
robotic systems and working side-by-side the robot to do things that it's not
possible to automate at this point of time not only how do you like working here
it takes a little bit of getting used to but I really do like yeah cool . Chabad
exes anew word but the idea has been around forever let's integrate new tools
into old tasks and do them faster . at Amazon's robotic enables fulfillment
centers thousands of newly developed a I powered cobots are rebuilding how man
and machine work together we actually started introduced in robotics and around
2012 so just like seven years ago yep since then we have created almost 300,000
jobs just in fulfillment urns like that and fulfillment centers across the
Amazon workforce we have this first example cubed machine collaboration uh-huh
these are mobile shelves that are drive units of the little orange robots you
see below you can move those at will any shelf at any time and at the right time
like magic at Universal Station it's going to say hey I think that object is
right here Wow now she is going to do a pick operation that scan and if it's
asses that bar it's the right object and God he's just but it's interesting so
who's sort of who's working for who here it's like the robots are coming to her
she's taking this stuff out and putting it in but then she has to say to the
robot oh yeah it's actually it is it on her time or is it on the robots I love
it it's it is a symphony of humans and machines working together right now you
put them both together in order to create a better system is there a day where
there's gonna be a robot who can pick and look through things just as good as
she can and is that a day that you're planning for are you already planning for
it humans are amazing at problem-solving humans are amazing at generalization
humans have high value i judgment right why would we ever want to separate that
away from our machines we actually want to make that more cohesive what's cool
is in Amazon it's growing big time yeah yeah and it's creating a lot of jobs
it's one of the biggest job creators yeah world so with automation working hand
in hand with people is it making jobs better I think it is making it better
first of all our associates they choose to come and work on our foot and we're
really proud of the wage benefit that we are offering our associates is $15
minimum that we instituted this year really proud of that they are the reason
that were so successful inside our fulfillment centers this is job he's 23 and
at the very beginning of his career he dropped out of college for financial
reasons then left a job at an elementary school to become an Amazon associate
because it paid better he still works there which is why he asked us not to use
his last name when I heard he was working with robots I thought the idea was
cool huh there's something I only imagined coming out of a sci-fi movie but um I
guess for the most part I dislike the strolling process going so what's that
exactly just imagine just teenagers all day for those 10 hours yeah you know you
feel like you have to move fast and have to do right by the robots you know do
the robots work for you or do you work for the robot Wow that's a good question
I feel like I work for the robots at Amazon data seems like to be this like huge
thing like do they track your data as a human they charge everyone like how many
products are you actually moving in a single day I think the highest I've ever
stole was 2300 units Wow yeah you feel like the robots you're working with Oh
something you want to keep doing for a while you want to stick around with it
what Amazon yeah no that was quick right what agency do you have when you step
into that building what am i betting you for lunch but it's funny because it's
like I'm hearing from people and Amazon that human creativity and
problem-solving is still something that they value you heard that from someone I
do I don't know I haven't been put in a position where as I can like you know be
creative and pretty so a lot of people haven't I know that one day I would like
to get a career that I don't feel like I need a vacation from it's the whole
thing I'm being useful you know like that's part of being a human you'll have to
feel useful for something you know if you're replaceable yeah of course I know
that if I get fired there'll be another person in my place ASAP so do you think
they're gonna try to automate you out of your job because they wouldn't have to
worry about people being injured on the job so they can replace us with robots I
think it could be done from 2015 to 2017 Amazon held competitions where college
teams design robots to do more or less what job does all-day single out objects
grab them then still them in a specific place so you know how I can collapse a
hand so I can get it into where it is a robotic hand just I haven't seen
anything with that sort of dexterity that's ty Brady the same Amazon exactly met
earlier sure he hasn't seen a robot perform that task yet but that's exactly why
it's the holy grail for making robots as physically versatile as humans . can I
will it hurt my hand no hi yeah it's not bad yes I'm sure kind of gentle so
we've spent on however many hundreds of PhDs and decades trying to make robots
smarter at grasping we're starting to get there with artificial intelligence in
neural networks but even still it's still very early in terms of our ability to
grasp right right and the Amazon picking Shaw is a perfect example a bunch of
Minds working on it for a long time and we still haven't figured out how to just
pick things from a bit and that's a multi-billion dollar potentially trillion
dollar value proposition what's so hard about it keep it smart right what we
think is hard is very different from what computers think is hard so we think
that being a chess grandmaster is a hard challenge but the computer can just go
through all the possibilities where as this like there's infinite possibilities
to grab that Apple what happens when we crack the grasping problem blocks your
Amazon voice this March MIT and Harvard debuted a new concept of the grabber
saying Amazon's just the kind of company that could use it Amazon already sucks
up nearly 50 percent of America's ecommerce transactions and makes a dollar for
every 20 spent by American shoppers there's a reason it's valued at nearly a 
trillion dollars but Amazon and its tech peers like Apple Google and Facebook
employ far fewer people than the richest companies of previous eras so even if
robots aren't helping you find the right size at a brick-and-mortar gap quite
yet that doesn't mean they aren't eroding the future of retail work I spent most
of my childhood in Southern California the wit wood mall and La Puente Mall were
they the center of social life Austan Goolsbee is a professor of economics and
was the chair of Economic Advisers under President Obama retail was kind of
often an entry-level job he's probably 16 million 50 million people in the
United States work and retail yeah and this technology if you want to think of
it as that yeah that's interesting replaced a different kind of retail mm-hmm so
could you see like a mall like this a an example of kind of creative destruction
yeah maybe I mean you can see the destruction how could you make a living doing
that you know the the Hat world hat there's to this hat world there's a
sensation you know they're competing against each other yeah and now it's a
almost seems quaint mm-hmm from the 80s and the 90s and into the 2000s if you
had say a college degree the technology has been great and it's allowed you to
increase your incomes a lot yeah if you're the financial guy the number of deals
you can do is expand it exponentially as your as the computing power is gone up 
those same technologies have come at the expense of expensive physical labor
mm-hmm that's the first thing they try to replace  one virtue of technology is
that it's impersonal it's an equal-opportunity disrupter so even as automation
and AI hit lower wage jobs they're coming for higher wage jobs too and the
people at this MIT conference are pretty excited about it the biggest I think
focus for a while it's gonna be AI acceleration basically can we use machine
learning and AI in fields that have not had a so far what do we have to do let's
fund them let's hire the people and so forth to bring that those tools and
techniques to science most of us walk around with this implicit rule of thumb in
our heads about how we should divide up all the work that needs to get done
between human beings and machines it says look the machines are better than us
at arithmetic they're better at transaction processing they're better at
record-keeping the better at all this low-level detail stuff than we are awesome
give all that work to the machines let the human beings do the judgment jobs the
communication jobs to pattern-matching jobs when I think about the progress that
we're seeing with AI and machine learning right now that progress is calling
into question that rule of thumb in a really profound way right because what
we're seeing over and over is that the computers are better at pattern matching
than we are even the expert human beings and actually they've got better
judgment judgment calls are basically all we do at the office every day we take
the facts at hand run them through past experiences give them a gut check and
then execute and these days we're offloading judgement calls to computers all
the time whether it's to take the subway take the streets or take the highway or
what's a binge watch next and what's behind these decision-making tools is a
technology called machine learning some machine learning relies on programmers
pre setting the rules of the game like chess this world champion garry kasparov
walked away from the match never looking back at the computer that just beat up
others utilize what's called neural networks to figure out the rules for
themselves like a baby this is called deep learning however it's done
programmers use other recent innovations like natural language processing image
recognition and speech recognition to take the messy world as we know it and
shove it into the machine and the machine can process more data more dimensions
of data more outcomes from the past more everything and could even go from
helping making judgments in real-time to making predictions about the future
with vast amounts of data available in the legal medical and financial world and
the tools to shove them all into the computer the machines are coming [Music]
gianna visited a tech company called la geeks to see whether their new machine
learning software could put lawyers on the chopping block we built an AI engine
that was trained after reviewed many many many different contracts how many tens
of thousands even more we decided to focus on automating the review and approval
of contracts so simplifying and making that process faster that actual analysis
it happens on the backend takes a couple of seconds the work is actually going
through the report that the system generates and then fixing whatever issue that
is found so this the system has flagged all of these items for you exactly okay
some of them are marked where they don't match my policy and some of them are
marked green meaning that they do match my policy it gives me all of the
guidelines about what the problem means and also what I need to do in order to
fix it but then I fix the problem so it didn't spellcheck start doing this like
in the 90s how is this different yeah the way logics work is very very different
it actually looks at the text understand the meaning behind the text Wow very
similar while a human lawyer would review it right the only difference is that
with the AI system it never forgets it doesn't get tired and I don't need to
drink coffee hey Keanu don't you nice to meet you you ready for this yeah so
let's do this all right I feel like John Henry so tun G you're going up against
this AI system with nori to spot legal issues in two NBA's we're rating you guys
on both speed and accuracy and because this isn't a commercial for law geeks no
need you to try your hardest to beat this computer on it all righty on your
marks get set go so we set a little phrase into this contract it says in case of
any breach by the recipient of any obligations under this agreement the
recipient will pay advise news the penalty of fifteen thousand dollars per event
so we're gonna see if Dungey and AI system commanded for 10 G's just still
working away over here so far it's taken him more than double the time that it
took the computer I mean while Nuria and I just got a coffee he's having a
meeting right now pretty clear just how much time this technology says done okay
guys the results are in okay law geeks ninety five percent on the first NDA 10g
85% second NDA ninety-five percent for the computer 83% for 10g you don't seem
disappointed I wasn't disappointed when the iPhone came out and I could do more
things with this new piece of technology stuff this is exciting to me so nori
did the computer catch the phrase we put in there about by snooze uh yeah the
computer caught it and I was able to strike it out Sanji did you catch it i
straight-up missed it I didn't see it at all we take cash check giving so
McKenzie says that 22% of the lawyers jobs 35% of paralegals job can now today
be automated so then what happens these jobs don't go away people just take
longer lunch breaks or take on more clients or what we're kidding ourselves you
me think that things are not going to change but similar to pilots with the
autopilot you know it's not like we don't need Palatine could this technology
pass a bar okay so we still need lawyers to to be signing off on these legal
documents even if they're not doing the nitty-gritty of them absolutely defining
the policy serving as escalation points and the negotiation and then also
handling more complex contract categories you have you know a new generation of
lawyers that are much more tech savvy the ones that can actually leverage
technology are the ones that managed to prosper unlike the law medicine has
always been intertwined with technology but its relationship the robotics isn't
just graceful it's miraculous what is the most groundbreaking thing about how
far we've come with robotic surgery so robot Assoc allow us to really treat
tissue in a more delicate way allow us to be much more efficient in suturing
decreasing bleeding we are improving outcomes shortening hospital stay and that
way we're using more and more now so the robot is enabling surgeons and by
enabling surgeons is giving access to more patients to minimally invasive
surgery okay we're good to go that's great right there's one of the huge
problems in our healthcare system right is that not enough patients are getting
seen when they need to be seen nobody that not every patient get the same care
you may have great surgeons in one area but not another area with the same
experience the robot is this flattening I say that the biggest groundbreaking
party the fact that I am operating on a console and the city we saw the patient
we have all the degrees of articulation you would have in your hand inside the
abdomen that's revolutionary that's close okay I'm gonna go out and come Express
on the way robotic surgery is evolving do you see any jobs like the job of a
technician or a physician's assistant going away no about what we have seen it
the opposite is them being much more involved okay stapler loading up the seam
guard unis Anderson knows how to move it around you need a scrub take the nose
cut too low the instruments how to clean the camera how to move the arm have to
undock I like it a lot there what do you think yeah it looks good only good
perfect Hey unbelievable look at that how do you think automation will evolve in
this area they're not only changes from patient to patient but with machine
learning the system we were to recognize different issues and I'm sure that in
the next year we only see the system telling you does cancer that no cancer Wow
and that what the benefits are gonna be Finance has been cashing in on the
benefits of machine learning for years hiring so many programmers that it's
virtually indistinguishable from tech Michael Moynihan visited goldman sachs to
see how they're leveraging ai's predictive capabilities to make more money how
has your job changed and how is this industry changed over time you know there's
been a lot of automation I think it lends itself naturally to trading  right if
I'm trading Google if I have to make a decision where they're going to buy it or
sell it at a certain price there are hundreds of variables that go into that
decision and you can code an algorithm to assess all those variables and when
you swing that bat a thousand times it's going to do it more efficiently than a
human would so when you look on the floor the New York Stock Exchange they're on
a lot of traders down there anymore if I went down there today what would I see
you wouldn't see a lot of people you might see them clustered little tiny
clusters of people will be a cluster so to be in this industry now do you need
to understand lines of code and what they do and how to produce it I'd say more
and more yes if we look at the sperm like the number of engineers technologists
that we have here we're probably the largest division within the firm so you
have a math background yeah math and computer science say every years is
economics in computer science yes but you learned this on the fly yeah in school
over here more likely most of the things we're picked up here can I say like you
know an algorithm give me some sense of you know code I'll show you a really
simple example so in this case I'm gonna run a volatility function essentially
an algorithm and this is showing me now on a 22 day rolling basis what's the
volatility level of the sp500 essentially we would write code to do that so in
this library this is the volatility function it's actually fairly simple but we
reduce I'm sorry that's fairly simple this is a lot of documentation this is
actually a fairly simple algorithm is essentially the code that's generating
what you're seeing it's terribly complicated to me people like you guys still
need to exist  to create these things right I mean are they self-sustaining or
you can you write yourself out of a job think we're I think that'd be hot yeah
formerly a tech CEO Marty Chavez is now global co-head of Goldman's Securities
Division it strikes me obviously that this is an industry that has been on the
forefront of using AI computers to you know make big decisions and make a lot of
money what is that done to the kind of you know the job market within even
within this company its crew creating new jobs that couldn't have existed before
whole new businesses now exist for us and out in the world that wouldn't have
been possible without the technologies that have risen over the past few years
whether they're machine learning cloud services open source right all of those
activities go into for instance our new consumer lending and deposit-taking
activity . you know the counter-argument attention these are jobs that are being
created for smart people educated people rich people other people out there who
are being made redundant by robots don't have the skills it's only for a
rarefied few .how do you respond to them technological change is disruptive and
there's a lot of pain and it's something that we must concern ourselves with
what do you do during the disruption which has been continuous since the
agricultural and industrial revolutions and I expect it will continue and will 
accelerate in all likelihood and so sitting back and complaining about it
sitting back and doing nothing about it don't seem to be options at the same
time I don't think the answer is to stop the progression of technology haven't
seen that work. it's worth noting at this point that even if AI tools are better
at making decisions high-level judgment jobs aren't about to be automated away
anytime soon and let's be clear the people who are most excited about a eyes
created potential aren't the ones getting replaced so the question becomes as
this disruption accelerates how do you benefit from it if you're not already
rich or white or male or have a spot at the top let's put it this way it's a lot
easier for all of us to get directions but it's becoming increasingly hard for
most people to find their way to a stable career and they're not a lot of people
whining about it there are a lot of people who are racing to catch up we visited
a class at Press Cola's a nonprofit that skills up people in New York and other
cities around the country for free I have had just about every terrible job you
can imagine fast food grocery store stock clerk I was a supervisor at a retail
store while I was in college I was a mechanic I worked in the industry for over
ten years then I went through teaching then I went into solar doing sales and
then I was a writer and then I became an English teacher reservation sales agent
customer service marketing now I am here the job market is really shifting
towards gig economy like what do you have that you can work for yourself or work
for someone else a year ago I would have told you that I was gonna go to grad
school and get a PhD and all that good stuff but the reality is when I graduated
and I was looking for jobs one of the main things that kept popping up a
software engineer coding tech do you think you would have made the move if this
place wasn't free no because just graduated college so you know Sallie Mae is
still knocking on my door then I've no Madore right now I'm a mom of three so my
last job I was working on a busy call center and I was in a place where I felt
you know undervalued robots is gonna come and take my job and I would have been
without a job and what would I've been able to pass on to my children hi how are
you doing but this I can give them a skill they can be in a better place in the
next 10 20 years opposed to how long it took for me to figure this out do you
think you're at a disadvantage as far as like that the job market itself you
look at the tech industry and it's like most like other than South Asians these
stations it's like people are not a lot of people of color yeah I wanted toa
touch on that this is actually why I decided to specifically go into coding
because this is one where at the end of the day is just how good your
applications are your codes are growing up I used to think this was just magic
or like it's done by all the smart kids in California you know so I want to
prove that it can be done by some kid in Queens who just want to do it a perfect
world is that we have enough investment that we could grow to meet both the size
of the demand and the size of the supply we have more employer partners willing
to hire than we have graduates for we have more students where applicants
applying to Purse coalesce and we have spots for right the constraint to our
growth is resources the domestic investment in workforce retraining is so small
and the impact automation is going to have is not going to be equitable . that
it's largely people of color largely women who are in the current low-wage
occupations that are going to be displaced there really should be some some
critical thinking and some action that legislators are taking to invest in
programs like this for decades the federal government has repeatedly taken
action to fund rescaling I'm proud today to sign into law the job training
Partnership Act a program that looks to the future instead of the past giving
all Americans the tools they need to learn for a lifetime is critical to our
ability to continue to grow the bill I'm about to sign will give communities
more certainty to invest in job training programs for the long run but in
today's dollars that funding has fallen for years president Trump campaigned on
bringing jobs back to American workers a Trump administration will stop the jobs
from leaving America and he signed an executive order enacting what he calls the
White House's pledge to America's workers installing his advisor and daughter
Ivanka Trump to lead the charge is one of my favorite words re-skilling Reese
killing we're calling upon government in the private sector to equip our
students and workers with the skills they need to thrive in the modern economy
.the Trump administration's strategy on rescaling America's workforce is a lot
like its strategy for other big problems America is facing rather than
increasing public investment they prefer to see private industry fill the void
for the past nine months the Trump administration has been twisting the arms of
CEOs to promised funding for worker education and training and so far more than
200 companies have signed on the Toyota being the latest new development
workforce training I think James was a little bit inspired he's just increased
that commitment does government have a role absolutely but is it to define what
the workforce looks like no if the state were to develop a program for Toyota's
workers of the future it would be a failure straight up Toyota knows what Toyota
needs but the risk perhaps is reliance on a company that isn't you know owned by
you and me like the government is it's owned by shareholders is there a problem
with having a private response to a public problem who has more of a vested
interest in getting this right the government or the private company well
private company does it is in the best interest of a Toyota or any other company
to train the best quality people pay them as much as possible give them the
standard of living and the quality of life that makes them want to come in
retire 20 30 40 years later from the very same company it's in the company's
interest until it isn't and the thing about a company is like we don't elect
their executives but we elect our government official yeah but the idea that
we're gonna rely on government in elected people to come up with rules for
training people for jobs that you will volitionally want to buy the products up
is crazy under the pledge they're promising 200,000 new opportunities they're
promising to re-skill and retrain 200,000 people so you have the capacity to do
that what happens if they break the promise again they're gonna do their right
can you man date the government does it if they don't do it it's not like we're
gonna not reelect a CEO they don't do it they might have some bad publicity they
might trip might not affect their CEO here's what happens if they don't do it if
they're not making these investments there's not a chance that they survive
[Music] [Applause] this is landed in Tim two buddies who work together at the
Toyota factory Tim's just retired but Landon sees himself working at Toyota for
decades it must be kind of nice to at least know that like at a high level
they're thinking about your jobs the things that you guys do the opportunities
that you guys have is it strike you that way with the bunk I just looked and
said okay it's PR do people want to be Reese killed if their job depended on it
and they know what's coming I would say sure yes it would be depending on your
personal circumstances that could be very hard because if you work you know a
full shift and you have a family you may only have an hour to a free time a day
are you supposed to go drive to a training facility and spend a few hours a day
there before you go to your chef you go work your shift mm-hmm I don't think
very many people would do that do you guys like the job or do you like working
there you go dealing I actually love my job yeah I'm you know because  I've
always loved working on cars so my job was pretty much up my alley there are
parts of my job that I like it's a you know you're creating something there's no
way I could exist without someone putting it together so yeah the wife and two
daughters right I want to spend as much time with him as I can mm-hmm they're
young and they're not gonna stay young for long and I hate missing the time I
miss when I'm at work already I just want to spend as much time as I can with
them and I want to retire that's that's to go for people in the workforce today
rescaling boils down to doing more work just to keep up to andrew yang a former
job creation specialist and now longshot presidential candidate the spotlight on
Reese killing hides a larger imbalance between the goals of workers and the
goals of their employers we are so brainwashed by the market that otherwise
intelligent well-meaning people will legitimately say we should retrain the coal
miners to be coders yeah we are trained to think that we have no value unless
the market says that there's a need for what we do and so if coal miners now
have zero value then the thought process oh we have to turn them into something
that does have value what has value coders and then 12 years from now AI is
gonna be able to do basic coding anyway so this is a race we will not win it's
the goal posts are gonna move the whole time on us what are the solutions like
what are you proposing we start issuing a dividend to all American adults during
at age 18 where everyone gets $1,000 a month so basically a universal basic
income yes we rebranded the freedom dividend okay because it tests much better
with conservatives with the word freedom in it and it's not a basic income at
the dividend which is to say like the economy is at a surplus so everyone
deserves a piece of the pie ya know all of us are owners and shareholders of the
richest society in the history of the world that can easily afford a dividend of
$1,000 per adult people need meaning structure purpose fulfillment and that is
the generational challenge that faces us it's not like the freedom dividend
giving everyone a thousand dollars a month solves that challenge it does not but
what it does is this time it buys this time and also  channels resources into
the pursuit of meeting that challenge you know it ends up supercharging our
ability to address what we should be doing Universal basic income once a
marginal political fantasy has been embraced by more than a few rabid
capitalists in recent years we should explore ideas like universal basic income
to make sure that everyone has a cushion to try new ideas it's free money for
everybody enough to pay for your basic needs food shelter education I don't
think we're gonna have a choice it will come about one day and I think out of
necessity out of necessity and and I think that you know since he should
experiment Michael Moynihan went to one city that already is there Stockton's
mayor won election at just 26 years old taking office five years after the city
declared bankruptcy so you grew up here boy your race borne arises home and you
left for a brief period to go to Stanford that for four years I came right back
with funding from Silicon Valley he's launched a pilot program that's giving 125
residents $500 a month for 18 months why does Silicon Valley guys like this so
much kiss before all of them I think a lot of them see how detrimental beat
society if there's mass number of people who are automated without any way to
make a means for themselves without any way to provide for themselves music
people in tech kind of paying indulgences and saying hey we're kind of screwing
this up we want to we feel bad about it here's some money I know some people are
talking about robot taxes it means you're not sorry that it may very much agree
with that that they have a responsibility to the society it's voluntary now but
it might be at the point of a gun later yeah you have voluntary to start and
pilot but absolutely I think it to scale it it's not gonna be about generosity
it's gonna be a matter of policy the criticism that most people get for ubi type
experiments is that all right just giving people money and a handout etc that's
a start but what's the long-term goal for jobs in Stockton the hypothesis will
recognize that folks have their basic needs met and then create the workforce of
the future primarily starting with the kids in our schools now but also with
adults and give them opportunities for retraining rescaling but also supporting
people in the arch for new oil pursuits close with a lot of potential but
historically folks who haven't been seen as important enough for investment are
pouring there for governments to really partner with so it's what makes me
really excited about the work we're doing in Stockton so this is the downtown
marina watch your step there's basically nothing here when you were a kid when
you were like I never really came out here till I came back for City Council
yeah this wasn't part of my Stockton but I think for me the spot so important
because it represents real potential there's I had many cities I have this yeah
when we talk about the future of work we're talking about how do you ensure that
those left behind today aren't further left behind tomorrow and that's my
biggest fear folks were making at least now are most likely to be automated out
of jobs of making anything so for me a basic income is it even about the future
work it's about getting a foundation set in the present so that when the future
work happens we have a firm foundation on which we could pivot and figure out
what we can do with and for people what's attractive about ubi is its simplicity
but that's also what makes it vulnerable to critique I don't think these utopian
ideas of universal basic income every I robots do all the production and then
everybody stays at home with a decent income and plays video games I think
that's a very dystopic future and it won't work and I think it will lead to a
huge amount of discontent we really have no option but create jobs for the
future politicians have to start engaging these issues to figure out what's
politically feasible it's gonna trigger fundamental debates about things like a
universal basic income that everybody ought to get money and the question is
okay where's that money gonna come from according to a progressive think tanks
analysis a ubi program giving every American ten thousand dollars a year would
cost the government more than three trillion dollars annually the entire 2018
federal budget was just over four trillion dollars universal basic income isn't
the only policy being floated to shore up the workforces shaky financial
foundation whether it's using federal funds to guarantee jobs for anyone who
wants one giving tax breaks to companies to create more jobs or strong-arming
companies to keep their factories open but all these policies and strategies
tell us is that the broad consensus is that right now things aren't working
.we've designed a system where as the technology creates more wealth some people
bizarrely are made worse off we have to update and reinvent our system so that
this explosion of wealth and productivity benefits not just a few but the many
this challenge of new technologies are not taking place in a vacuum this
country's already divided it's divided geographically it's divided culturally
politically we've got to be prepared for the fact that it could actually take
the social differences we already have and make it worse there's got to be a
sense of urgency here a higher level of disconnection alienation more declines
in social capital more groups of people left behind more geographic areas left
behind . this is not a recipe for a stable prosperous happy society my worry is
not that the robots will take all the jobs my worry is that more people will be
left behind and will feel left behind by what's going on if we continue in the
way we've run our economy for the last 40 years it will be disastrous and so
when we talk about the future of work we're kind of talking about the future of
the whole system that's right I'm you cannot have a prosperous economy without
prosperous workers Voltaire said that work saves us from three great evils
boredom vice and need so much of our identities are tied up with our jobs people
ask you how you're doing who you are what you do and that's essential to to our
sense of self if we have millions or tens of millions of chronically long-term
unemployed what's going to become of those people it's not something a question
of how are they going to support themselves what are they going to do . this
your habit not sensor drift unlocks conversion efficiency one box you know
someone might say robots are coming might as well hang up the keys now it's that
go through your head it's gonna happen it's gonna happen what's gonna happen
with these vehicles driving by themselves huh change is good some change ain't
good you know I mean that's gonna be a lot of people out of work and what do
think I'm gonna do it's gonna be a crash I mean I think there'd be a lot of
outrage riots more and less you know what I mean sure cuz they're gonna fight to
try to keep the job I mean what I do it yeah I would do it it's gonna be a chain
reaction in reality you got to look at the economy and what is it gonna do the
economy was it gonna do to the American people to the end not just the industry
I meant  to the world what's gonna happen you got the whole world pissed off but
me I want to die in the truck actually I'm gonna die in the truck brother I've
told I've told all my friends I've told my family that's when that retires when
I die in that doing that die in a truck yeah I mean I don't been doing it for
too long it's in the blood .





WORK IN THE FUTURE IN UNITED STATES


16 ianuarie 2021



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