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Submission: On May 16 via api from DE — Scanned from DE
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Smithsonian Ocean * Ocean Life Open submenu * Ecosystems Open submenu * Planet Ocean Open submenu * Through Time Open submenu * Conservation Open submenu * Human Connections Open submenu * At The Museum * Educators Close submenuOcean Life * Marine Mammals Open submenu * Sharks & Rays * Reptiles * Seabirds * Fish * Invertebrates * Plankton * Plants & Algae * Microbes Close submenuMarine Mammals * Make Way for Whales Close submenuEcosystems * Coral Reefs * Deep Sea * Coasts & Shallow Water * Poles * Census of Marine Life Close submenuPlanet Ocean * Tides & Currents * Waves, Storms & Tsunamis * The Seafloor * Temperature & Chemistry Close submenuThrough Time * Ancient Seas * Extinctions * Evolution * The Anthropocene Close submenuConservation * Fishing * Pollution * Habitat Destruction * Invasive Species * Acidification * Climate Change * Gulf Oil Spill * Solutions & Success Stories * Get Involved Close submenuHuman Connections * Books, Film & The Arts * Recreation * Seafood * Exploration * History & Cultures * Careers LanguageSearch Skip to main content Smithsonian Institution Other Languages Search Smithsonian Ocean Follow us on Facebook(link is external) Follow us on Twitter(link is external) Follow us on Flickr(link is external) Follow us on Tumbr(link is external) Donate SMITHSONIAN OCEAN MAIN MENU * Ocean Life * Marine Mammals * Sharks & Rays * Reptiles * Seabirds * Fish * Invertebrates * Plankton * Plants & Algae * Microbes * Ecosystems * Coral Reefs * Deep Sea * Coasts & Shallow Water * Poles * Census of Marine Life * Planet Ocean * Tides & Currents * Waves, Storms & Tsunamis * The Seafloor * Temperature & Chemistry * Through Time * Ancient Seas * Extinctions * Evolution * The Anthropocene * Conservation * Fishing * Pollution * Habitat Destruction * Invasive Species * Acidification * Climate Change * Gulf Oil Spill * Solutions & Success Stories * Get Involved * Human Connections * Books, Film & The Arts * Recreation * Seafood * Exploration * History & Cultures * Careers * At The Museum * Educators Menu BREADCRUMB 1. Home 2. Ocean Life 3. Plankton 4. http://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/plankton/every-breath-you-take-thank-ocean With Every Breath You Take, Thank the Ocean WITH EVERY BREATH YOU TAKE, THANK THE OCEAN Kelps are large, brown algae that grow along coasts around the world, especially in cooler regions. (George Cathcart) by Kalila Morsink Facebook Twitter AddThis When was the last time you thought about your breathing? Take a breath right now and think about it. You breathe because you need oxygen, a gas which makes up 21 percent of the Earth’s atmosphere. All that oxygen has to come from somewhere. You might already know that it comes from photosynthetic organisms like plants. But did you know that most of the oxygen you breathe comes from organisms in the ocean? That’s right—more than half of the oxygen you breathe comes from marine photosynthesizers(link is external), like phytoplankton(link is external) and seaweed. Both use carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun to make food for themselves, releasing oxygen in the process. In other words, they photosynthesize. And they do it in the ocean. Scientists use satellite images of the ocean to estimate chlorophyll concentrations in the water. (NASA, Robert Simmon and Jesse Allen) Photosynthesizers have been in the ocean for a long time. Land plants start appearing in the fossil record 470 million years ago(link is external), before dinosaurs roamed the earth. But the ocean was producing oxygen for billions of years before that. The oldest known fossil is from a marine cyanobacterium, a tiny-blue green photosynthesizer that was releasing oxygen 3.5 billion years ago. In a way, we owe the ocean for all of the oxygen that comes from land plants as well, because land plants evolved from green marine algae. If there were a race to put oxygen in the atmosphere, the ocean would have one heck of a head start. But the ocean’s long history of photosynthesis would matter very little to us if not for the photosynthesizers that live in it today. Of these, the most impressive is another cyanobacterium called Prochlorococcus. It is estimated to be more abundant than any other photosynthesizer on the planet, and to be responsible for producing 20 percent of the oxygen in the atmosphere. One in every five breaths you take, you owe to Prochlorococcus. Perhaps as amazing is the fact that scientists only discovered this super-abundant photosynthesizer in 1988(link is external)—less than thirty years ago! Under the microscope, you can peer inside the cells of this filamentous red algae. The thin, hair-like filaments are only one cell wide, seen here at 250x zoom. Red algae are red because of the pigment phycoerythrin, which along with green chlorophyll allows the algae to undergo photosynthesis and turn sunlight into energy. (Arlene Wechezak / Nikon Small World) Another of the ocean’s photosynthesizers is impressive for a different reason. Recall that sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis. That means all marine photosynthesizers have to live in what scientists call the “photic zone”—the layer at the top of the ocean that is illuminated by sunlight. The photic zone extends down to about 656 feet(link is external) (200 meters) below the surface of the ocean, but it’s difficult to put a depth limit on it, because photosynthesizers keep taking photosynthesis down farther than we thought possible. Eight hundred and eighty-six feet below the ocean’s surface, you would barely be able to see light. But a type of red algae called Corallinales nevertheless photosynthesizes at that depth(link is external). The red color of Corallinales comes from a pigment which enables it to absorb blue and green light, which is just about the only kind of light that manages to filter down to the improbable depths at which Corallinales lives. This photosynthesizer produces oxygen despite only being able to access the tiniest fraction of sunlight. Science Magazine Whether they evolved the earliest, photosynthesize the most, or dwell the deepest, marine photosynthesizers are indispensable to our survival. If they weren’t around, we wouldn’t be breathing. So, once in a while, take a moment to remember the ocean and its photosynthesizers. They’re helping you out with every breath you take. July 2017 Tags: Phytoplankton Seaweed Algae Adaptations SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Smithsonian Ocean Follow us on Facebook(link is external) Follow us on Twitter(link is external) Follow us on Flickr(link is external) Follow us on Tumbr(link is external) Contact Us EXPLORE * Ocean Life * Ecosystems * Planet Ocean * Through Time * Conservation * Human Connections * At the Museum * Educators * About * Media Archive * Terms of Use SMITHSONIAN NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY (link is external) Donate Close menu SEARCH SMITHSONIAN OCEAN Cancel Originaltext Diese Übersetzung bewerten Mit deinem Feedback können wir Google Übersetzer weiter verbessern Powered by Google Übersetzer Close AddThis Sharing FacebookTwitterEmailAddThis