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TECHNOLOGY, MEDIA, INVESTING, FINANCIAL



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INVESTING BASICS – HOW DIVERSIFICATION CAN PROTECT YOUR INVESTMENT

September 17, 2021 adminwcgarde News


INVESTING BASICS – HOW DIVERSIFICATION CAN PROTECT YOUR INVESTMENT

The term investing is very broad and encompasses a lot of different concepts. It
can be defined as purchasing a financial asset, like stock or bonds, with the
anticipation of obtaining a profit from the sale within a specific time frame.
To invest in an emerging market is considered risky by some investment
professionals, but others see it as a way to make a sizable return on one’s
money when they invest in that market.



There are different ways of investing. One of the most traditional methods of
investing is by saving your money and investing it in stocks or bonds. By doing
this you receive a monthly income until you retire. Most older people prefer to
save their money for their retirement. Some older people go on to invest in
mutual funds and other stock market investments. Still others use both methods
to achieve their retirement objectives.



Investing in real estate can be risky for young inexperienced investors who do
not have a lot of experience. In this situation, the safest option is probably
to invest in stocks or bonds as an interest-bearing asset. This will allow young
investors to get a good return on their investment in a relatively short period
of time. If they should choose to hold onto their stocks or bonds, they should
watch the prices carefully and only buy and sell during times when the prices
are likely to increase.



As the world gets busier and the economy gets more globalized, investing has
become even more important. There are many new financial security options
available. One popular investment strategy is through financial spread betting.
This is a way of investing where you place a bet on whether the price of one
currency will go up or down in relation to another currency. In order to make
money with spread betting, you must be able to guess which currency will fall
and that will rise. You can try this out at a demo account before going ahead
with larger bets.



Whether you are planning to do your investing in stocks, bonds, or real estate
there are a number of things to consider. The first thing is to decide how much
risk you are willing to take and how long-term you want to keep your investing.
Another important aspect is whether or not you will be investing with a broker.
Most brokerage firms offer investment accounts that can be used for short-term
or long-term investing.



When you use a brokerage account for investing you are better off to diversify
your portfolio, especially if you do most of your investing online.
Diversification helps to protect your portfolio from large losses that could
result from just one type of investment. It is usually achieved by investing in
various types of mutual funds as well as in stocks and bonds. These investments
will ensure that you are protected from the different market movements as well
as from varying stock and bond markets. For example, if you own a stock that
goes down in value you can liquidate all of it without having to sell your whole
brokerage account as most stock brokerage accounts only hold a specified amount
of stock that is represented by a percentage of overall equity in a company. In
order to diversify your portfolio, it is wise to consult with a financial
professional who can help you determine what kind of diversification and how
much is best for your specific situation.




THE COURSE IN TECHNOLOGY HAS GROWN BY LEAPS AND BOUNDS IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

September 17, 2021 adminwcgarde News

Technology is nothing but the application of existing resources to accomplish a
particular purpose. A computer is a tool that facilitates communication or
allows information to be stored and retrieved. Knowledge is anything one can
learn by observation or experience. Knowledge is also defined as “the general
classifications of things learned.” A new invention is something that is an
improvement on known processes or methods. The human mind has come up with many
inventions that have made life easier and more convenient.



Science is the systematic study of nature and its properties under different
categories and it deals with the laws governing the behavior of living things.
It is a part of the field of philosophy dealing with the exactness and precision
of physical phenomena. Technological society is characterized by progress in the
scientific and technological fields. In recent years, many technological systems
have been developed for practical application in industry, politics, and social
life.



Technological knowledge refers to the general classifications of facts about
technology and their usefulness in practical life. A new invention is something
that is an improvement on known processes or methods. Knowledge in technology
deals with all the methods and ways by which knowledge is acquired and may be
useful in practical life. In other words, technological knowledge includes both
abstract and concrete knowledge. It also includes the general laws of science
and technology.



Knowledge in science refers to general laws of nature and its practical
application. In technical terms, it is the “abbreviation” for scientific method,
which is to acquire knowledge by experiment, observation, and analysis, and use
it to solve a problem. Thus a law of science is a set of logically independent
rules, the object of which is to provide knowledge in order that the resultant
should act in a predictable way. For instance, in physics, the results of
experiments can be mathematically predicted by certain tools, such as calculus.
A scientific theory is a precise description of a group of phenomena that has
been experimentally verified. A scientific idea is something that one can learn
by experience or by gathering knowledge and forming an opinion about it through
investigation.



The subject matter of science and technology has grown so vast that students now
need to have extensive knowledge of many different fields in order to learn how
to apply what they have learned in the classroom. Thus, a student now needs a
more thorough knowledge of chemistry, physics, biology, mathematics, and
engineering. Thus, to learn these various fields one must attend higher
education level or technical college. Higher education level or technical
college is especially useful for students who are interested in a particular
topic and who have less interest in acquiring broad knowledge about all the
subjects in science and technology. Thus, attending a technical college provides
sufficient preparation for higher education.



A typical course in a technical college or university would include classes like
algebra, chemistry, physics, computer science, and genetics. One learns how to
collect, compile, analyze, manipulate, and interpret data as they pertain to the
physical sciences, especially physics and chemistry. They also learn to
communicate their results in meaningful and workable manners. Thus, the students
learn to communicate the scientific knowledge they have acquired in a practical
way, thus allowing them to learn how to apply that knowledge practically.




TYPES OF FINANCIAL SERVICES PROVIDED BY BANKS

September 16, 2021 adminwcgarde News


TYPES OF FINANCIAL SERVICES PROVIDED BY BANKS

Financial Services identifies the financial services offered by the financial
sector. These can be the actions of a conventional bank such as purchasing and
selling loans, checking accounts and securities; or the actions of an investment
banker such as trading in shares or securities or otherwise underwriting the
sale and purchase of securities. A financial services firm offers investment
advice on the buying and selling of these securities. Other services may include
the provision of loan underwriting services, insurance underwriting services,
and estate planning and probate services.



Commercial Finance involves the large-scale sales of financial products to other
firms. Such purchases may involve purchasing financial products such as
corporate bonds, commercial mortgage backed securities (CMBS) and commercial
interest rate securities (CIRES). Some examples of commercial investments
include corporate equities, venture capital, property and equipment leasing, and
financial investments such as derivatives. Other types of commercial finance
include merchant financing, bank financing, and private investor financing.
Other areas of commercial finance include corporate finance, seller financing,
and debtor financing.



The commercial banking industry is the major provider of bank financing with the
leading financial institutions in the United States accounting for over 70% of
banking assets. The commercial banking industry includes commercial banks,
credit unions, savings and loans, trust companies, and prepaid card companies.
The commercial lending industry is further divided into non-traditional and
traditional banking. Non-traditional banking includes broker dealers, commercial
real estate bankers, and non-US depository receipts brokers.



Savings and Loan Services are a subset of savings and loan services and are the
most common financial services industry segment in the US. Savings and loans
provide a number of financial products to consumers including savings accounts,
certificate of deposits (CDs), direct savings accounts, and various other select
financial products. They also make a number of financial services to businesses
and organizations. Many banks offer financial services including debt
consolidation, business lines of credit, merchant financing, and international
finance and merchant cash advances. Some banks focus on one particular industry
such as commercial real estate banking.



Business Line of Credit (BLOC) is a financial service that provides small
businesses acquire short-term financial goods and funds. Most banks offer some
form of BLOC program to help their small business owners meet their financial
needs. Commercial real estate lenders are a significant portion of the
commercial lending sector and have played an important role in helping
businesses acquire financial goods and services.



Wealth Management refers to both personal wealth management and investment
wealth management. Wealth management can involve the process of building an
estate portfolio or creating a specialized portfolio that includes investments
in stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and real estate properties. Successful investors
generally build multiple portfolios, which are normally designed to meet
different needs and financial goals. The various types of financial services
provided by banks include savings, investing, credit cards, loans, mortgages,
and the Internet.




CHANGING MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION

September 16, 2021 adminwcgarde News


CHANGING MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION

Media are the general public communication tools utilized to deliver and store
data or information. The word refers generally to components of the general mass
media communications sector, including print media, broadcast media, multimedia,
films, television, radio, and the visual media. The mass media usually refers to
printed publications such as newspapers, magazines, books, and other printed
media. However, it also includes other non-printed elements such as audio,
video, and electronic media.



In the past, most communication and social activity were through newspapers,
magazines, radio, and films. But today, due to the rapid evolution of
technologies, human communication has shifted to the rapidly evolving electronic
media. This has led to the increased utilization of the electronic media for
almost all types of human communications. Thus, although television, radio, and
films still form the major components of mass communication, the rapid
development of information and communication technology has paved the way for
more mediums for mass media.



Basically, the term “media” refers to the tools or means of communicating ideas,
experiences, and news. This concept is also used in a broader context that
includes any human creation regardless of format (the most popular media are the
print media and the television). As it was previously stated, the term “media”
refers to the tools and means of communicating and is not limited to the
mentioned mediums. Broadly, media can be categorized into four basic categories:
the print media which include books, periodicals, periodical press, and book
reviews; broadcast media which include radio and television; multimedia which
include motion pictures, sound, images, and other output devices; and the web,
which include the World Wide Web and other computer network services. All the
different types of media are important for human communication as it allows us
to communicate with each other and with other outside the immediate
surroundings.



The early forms of media were mainly the analog form of communication. Because
of the fast development in technology, the use of digital media has rapidly
increased as well. The early forms of media included such apparatuses as cave
paintings, drawings, and cave paintings found in diverse regions of the world.
As human beings developed their senses, they began communicating through the
spoken word or through writing. But even before the technological advancements,
human beings have been relying on the basic elements of media-the spoken
language, the written language, and the art-to convey their cultural and other
essential messages to other individuals.



The evolution of communications psychology in the late twentieth century led to
a change in the name of media. As communications developed faster, the name
media itself was insufficient to describe what was taking place. Thus, “new
media” was devised as a more adequate description of what was happening. Today,
“new media” refers to any media that make information and communication possible
by combining the aspects of previous forms of media as well as presenting them
in new ways.



Examples of new media include the emergence of the Internet, television, radio,
films, video, and the global positioning system. Although digital media offers
new opportunities in communication and distribution, these changes have also led
to increased diversity and variation in the modes of media used. For instance,
print publications are gradually being replaced by Internet publishing. Video
and audio broadcasting are now feasible for most businesses and households. The
evolution of electronic media promises to further increase variability and
complexity in communications. In sum, the increasing diversification of media
will likely continue to emerge as new technologies are developed.




FINDING GOOD INVESTMENT VEHICLES THROUGH INVESTING

September 15, 2021 adminwcgarde News

The word investing refers to the act of putting financial resources in order to
make a profit. The reason why some individuals and families feel that investing
is a risk is because there is no physical commodity that can be easily bought or
sold. In other words, investing literally means buying something with the
intention of making money from that investment or the gain of your investment
that is, the increase in the value of that asset over a given period of time.
You may also use the term investing to mean purchasing shares of stock market,
bonds, mutual funds and other types of securities.



There are a number of ways that people choose to invest in order to make money.
Some prefer to put their money in fixed interest investments while others prefer
to take a short term investment approach and invest in equities. The value of
equities is generally based on the value of the underlying company’s stocks.
Fixed rate investments, however, offer a lower rate of interest to investors
while at the same time, maintaining a particular level of return. One of the
advantages of fixed rate investments is that they offer a guaranteed minimum
rate of return.



There are several ways in which you can make money through investing. First of
all, you can invest in exchange traded funds or more commonly known as ETFs.
When you invest in these ETFs, you will generally select the stocks of companies
that you believe are undervalued. The advantage of this type of investment is
that you don’t have to do any research to find out which companies are trading
below their intrinsic value. Also, when you are dealing with exchange-traded
funds, you will pay brokerage fees that may eat into your profits.



Another way in which you can make money through investing is through the
purchase and holding of bonds. Generally, bonds are long-term investments but
you will also have the option to buy short-term government bonds and mortgage
backed securities. You can also opt for term investments like the GICs (General
Electric Capital Corporation and American Electric Power) and the commercial
banks. However, you must be careful to watch out for market fluctuation. It
would be wise to diversify your portfolio across different types of securities
if you have plans to invest for a longer period of time.



Last but not the least, another way in which you can make money through
investing is through stock market trading. In this type of investing, you may
buy shares of stock and let them gain a higher price until you sell them. At the
end of the trading day, if the stock has appreciated in price, you will make
money. Of course, you will have to bear with high risks in this type of
investing. If you opt for this form of investing, you should be prepared to lose
some money in the process.



There are several ways of investing. The key is picking a method that suits your
style, financial goals, risk tolerance and needs. Once you have decided on the
best method, you will find it easier to do things. All in all, choosing a good
investment vehicle depends on your lifestyle, needs and goals. In addition, you
need to have enough knowledge about how the stock market works before you start
trading.




THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE

September 15, 2021 adminwcgarde News

Technology is the collective term for any new approaches, technologies, skills,
or procedures employed in the creation of new products or services or in the
achievement of specific goals, including scientific research. The term is
extremely broad, covering a wide variety of activities. However, the technology
itself is an abstract concept. It has been difficult to generalize it since many
fields of science and engineering are involved. Nevertheless, there are broad
categories of technological systems.



Knowledge is one of the basic categories of technological systems. Knowledge can
be defined as a body of knowledge that can be verified or rejected. In simple
terms, knowledge is scientific fact checked by some other form of knowledge. For
instance, while physical scientists may not be able to verify the theories
concerning the properties of light, they can use astronomical or space-based
telescopes to observe and record the phenomenon. Technological knowledge is a
collection of both physical and non-physical facts about the world around us.



Science is the basis of technology, and nearly all technological systems involve
science. Practical application of science is required to solve problems and
achieve progress. Technological systems have been developed and put into use to
solve practical problems for humanity, as well as in other domains. Some areas
of science, like mechanics, have become the object of professional study and
research; others, like astronomy and paleontology, have not.



Technological systems are based on knowledge and need to be verified by some
other form of knowledge before they can be applied to solve problems. This
verification process is often referred to as “theory” or “expert-practitioner.”
Many disciplines exist within the field of science that require theoretical
learning in order to apply practical information. In many ways, the entire
enterprise of technology is an exercise in learning. This is probably best seen
in computer science, which has grown in response to a need for better methods of
computer programming and design. The entire subject, even those areas outside of
computer science, is an ongoing process of learning.



All forms of knowledge are objective and thus provide a basis for knowledge
creation. Subjective knowledge, on the other hand, usually comes from the
learner’s point of view and thus is necessarily subjective in nature. For
example, most beliefs about the purpose of the universe are subjective. These
beliefs are developed through the individual’s personal experiences and thus
cannot be considered objectively true or false. Subjective knowledge is only
useful to the extent that it can justify a person’s actions and choices and, if
these understandings are adequate, can contribute to one’s sense of personal
worth and the ability to cope with life’s challenges.



Scientific knowledge is important in the modern world in that it provides the
basis for a person’s understanding of the natural world around him. It also
allows people to measure their scientific knowledge, especially through the
process of scientific measurement. Without this process, there would be no
meaningful way to develop technology or to implement new technologies into human
life. However, while science is important to the contemporary world,
technological development is also an essential part of progress. As such, both
science and technology have become significant influences on the technological
processes and modes of production in modern society.




TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: A BASIC UNDERSTANDING

August 30, 2021August 30, 2021 adminwcgarde News

In layman’s terms, technology is the combination of any learned methods, skills,
procedures, and techniques used in the creation of goods or services or even in
the achievement of specific goals, like scientific research. Technological
change is often a product of society, with new discoveries, inventions, or
innovations leading the way. Technological change is inevitable and it is likely
to continue for the next 100 plus years. If you are in a position where you can
be an influence on the development of technology, you will most certainly want
to learn more about this dynamic and ever-changing field.



The history of technology is marked by several important milestones. The first
is science, which dates back to the era of ancient Greek wisdom. Science grew
out of practical application of the natural world around them, rather than a
system of pure intellectual knowledge. Examples of things like astronomy,
mathematics, chemistry, mechanics, and thermodynamics are all examples of
scientific knowledge.



In more recent years, technology has grown to include information and
communication systems, information and communication technologies, complex and
machine systems, energy, and transportation. Technological change can be
classified according to three main areas: technological systems, technological
devices, and cultural approaches to technology. Technological systems are those
that fall under science and engineering, like electronics, computers, and
industrial machinery. These have developed over time into complex systems
requiring intricate programming languages, materials, electricity, and fuel to
function. Examples include jet engines, nuclear power, automobiles,
communications networks, global positioning systems, and other engineering
feats.



Technology devices fall under the second analytical category. These are things
like toys, calculators, television sets, radios, personal digital assistants
(PDAs), handheld computers, video game consoles, and the Internet. These are all
relatively simple devices that have changed how people live their lives. A good
example is the iPod, which has revolutionized music distribution. The Internet
has expanded beyond its initial scope to become one of the most vital and
important influences in the world today. Entertainment and information are no
longer the domain of the sophisticated, but rather of everyone with a computer
and an Internet connection.



Culture also falls into the third analytical category and is related to both
science and technology. This includes things such as art, literature, film, and
music. The term culture is most often used to describe a set of practices and
values related to society. For example, the practices and values of Eastern
Europe are different from those of America, yet both Eastern Europe and America
have produced some fantastic works of art and literature. Thus, Eastern Europe
and America are both “culture” in the English language.



These three categories provide a useful framework for appreciating the
relationship between twentieth century technology and society. By breaking down
the term technology into its various categories, scholars have been able to
develop a much more accurate picture of the relationship between science and
society. In so doing, they have made it easier for us to understand the
development of the arts and literature, and how the scientific revolution
transformed the world. Further reading may be recommended to anyone who wants to
learn more about the topics.




REACH LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE THROUGH MEDIA

August 29, 2021August 29, 2021 adminwcgarde News


REACH LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE THROUGH MEDIA

Media are the traditional communication tools or media used to present and store
data or information. The word refers to both parts of the conventional mass
communications media industry, including the print media, broadcast media,
television, and the Internet media. Today, a greater number of industries have
found their place in the medias, as well. This includes radio, TV, cinema, print
and Internet advertising. Broadly speaking, media are categorized into five:



Print Media The print media refer to both newspapers and magazines. These are
the most common mediums used for the dissemination of news and information
throughout the country and around the world. The majority of papers are
published for free and are distributed freely, while some companies pay to
display advertisements on the newspapers and magazines selected. For example,
newspapers may publish information about new cars after the car manufacturer has
released the model. Magazines on the other hand, are published by commercial
organizations and serve as a platform for marketing, sales promotions, and
public information. They also reach an audience beyond the readership of
newspapers and magazines.



Broadcasting Media The major part of the traditional media are broadcasting or
news media. These are mainly the two types of media that broadcasts are done on
– line and non-stop TV. The broadcasting medium come in two types: live and
cable TV, which provide direct access to television sets through satellite or
cable sources. The major source of television broadcasting is through the analog
TV, which comes in analog signals that are transmitted through antenna lines.



Digital Media Digital mass media refer to electronic information delivery
systems such as compact discs, files, cables, modems, wireless cards, and
portable memory devices. These are medium of information transmission comparable
to radio waves, television signals, and telephone services but are not limited
to these. Examples of digital media include portable music systems, personal
computer, televisions, DVD players, and the Internet. Print Media The print
media refers to the mass media that includes newspapers, magazines, journals,
books, periodicals, and other printed materials. It is one of the oldest forms
of mass media and considered as a conservative medium compared to the new media
forms.



Newspapers: One of the most common mass media and reach a large number of
readers. Initially, newspapers were published as a classified publication and
the circulation was through subscription. Subsequently, modern day newspapers
are published on online as well as offline copy. Today, there are many websites
that publish news, information, and other items related to the world of sports,
entertainment, art, books, and other categories.



Print Media The function of print media in our society has declined considerably
and today they are largely replaced by television and other electronic sources.
However, their importance still persists because of their ability to create
vivid images and stories. This is very important in the promotion of a cause,
for instance, an environmental organization or a political party. Television The
rapid growth of cable television has diminished the importance of newspapers and
magazines. They continue to be viewed as “the media of the future” by most
business professionals and marketers.




DIFFERENT AREAS OF FINANCE

August 29, 2021 adminwcgarde News

Financial field is a broad term for various things regarding the study,
development, and implementation of financial instruments and concepts. One of
the key factors in this field is finance engineering or finance science. The
study of these fields requires rigorous training, which can be obtained through
various universities and colleges. There are many companies and organizations
that hire finance graduates to work for them. Financial graduates are most often
given an opportunity to get into investment banking, asset management, or
business administration.



Assets Management is one of the emerging fields in financial services. This is
the branch where financial experts are involved in creating, implementing,
monitoring, and evaluating strategies on how to handle, safeguard, and use
wealth management issues. This includes financial planning, asset allocation,
and financial strategies such as risk-adjusted pricing. The main goal of this
branch is to provide information on the various approaches and tools on wealth
management.



Another field is Investment Banking. This is where financial institutions
provide commercial or secured loans and securities to other financial entities.
Financial asset management involves the consolidation, disposition, and
positioning of financial assets for optimal returns. The main objective of this
sector is to provide stable financial assets to corporate sectors in the long
run.



A third branch is Stock Exchange and Currency Markets (FX). This is a part of
finance that focuses on financial products such as equities (the trading of
securities based on the price of the stock), bonds (a type of financial asset
that promises to pay principal and interest at a specified date), and foreign
currency exchange. This also includes financial products based on derivatives
such as interest rate swaps, forward contracts, and swap agreements. Other types
of financial instruments in FX are credit default swaps, credit swaps, interest
rate cap agreements, and currency swaps.



Stock Market – Stock exchanges are places wherein shares of different companies
are exchanged. This is an important part of financing because companies usually
need a lot money to start up and become profitable. The shares are sold to
investors by a company’s management in order to raise capital. The main
objective of this is to increase the supply of available shares and generate
much money in return. It also aims at keeping the supply of the same number of
shares between different companies so as to maintain a certain price level.



The banking sector employs branches in many countries. These branches include
commercial banks, savings accounts, and self-liquidating banks. Commercial banks
are mainly used for large-scale commercial banking including corporate banking,
offshore banking, and offshore outsourcing. Savings accounts are mainly used for
small-scale banking such as personal banking, credit card banking, and
high-street bank accounts.




THE CULTURAL APPROACH TO TECHNOLOGY AND ART

August 29, 2021 adminwcgarde News

In general, Technology is the combination of any new techniques, skills,
processes, and practices utilized in the development of new products or services
or in the achievement of previously established goals, including scientific
research. Technology is also the application of knowledge in new fields to
improve on existing methods. It is often used to refer to a field in which
advances in technology have contributed largely to knowledge. In business,
technology is often used to refer to a set of processes, materials, and
practices that are used to develop a product or process.



In business, however, there is considerable debate as to what science is
actually; and what the term science really refers to. Advocates of scientific
knowledge (e.g., those who support creationism) tend to define it as “the
systematic observation and study of natural phenomena.” Opponents argue that
this definition makes things like religion and magic invalid because they cannot
be observed or measured by science. The debate has been ongoing for over half a
century. In recent years, more proponents of scientific knowledge have been
making the case that technology, when used well, can do more than create new
knowledge but can also facilitate the comprehension of previously existing
scientific knowledge.



Science is one of the most important fields of study in the world. In many ways,
it is even more important than engineering in a technologically advanced world.
With the Internet, computers, cell phones, television, and other things like
watches, not only do people in developing countries receive and transmit
accurate and up-to-date information about things like temperature and barometric
pressure, but they can also share it with people in industrialized nations who
have access to television, computer networks, and other forms of technological
information. These distributed and often instant information sources can play a
significant role in how science is defined, especially in the field of applied
sciences.



Applied Schachtmitt’s theory of relativity may not seem to directly apply to
technology in the twenty-first century, but in his concept of relativity
Schatzberg sees technology as having an effect on reality independent of matter.
According to Schatzberg, reality is neither ‘solid’ nor ‘liquid,’ but ‘a complex
collection of diverse systems.’ Schatzberg further defines technology as ‘the
arrangement of things in such a way that they can be used and altered according
to need and interest.’ This idea of technology as an emergent order, independent
of matter, is a fundamental part of the later thinkers associated with quantum
physics, Albert Einstein and Max Planck.



The debate between science and technology is an enduring one. Early in the
Twentieth Century, Albert Einstein described the technology as ‘absundant
energy.’ Similarly, twentieth century thinker Max Planck argued that
‘technology’ refers to ‘the science which attempts to harness the energy
perfected by science.’ But how do these phrases differ from one another? How do
they relate to the study of art, literature, technology, and applied sciences?



According to David B. Zicherman and Lawrence J. Hermann, “one of the most
important debates in modern times was whether technological artifacts, ideas, or
products have any real worth apart from utility and profit.” While this is a
broad definition, the key features of this broad approach are that technological
artifacts have both utility and profit as their motivating purposes, and that
technological ideas and artifacts have significant social and cultural meaning
apart from their utility and profit. Thus, according to Zicherman and Hermann,
in addition to a material means of communication and an idea language, an
artistic medium also provides a rich cultural and intellectual vocabulary to
articulate subject matters of human life. In fact, as we shall see, the analysis
of cultural approach in this paper also lends a materialist definition to the
definition of technology, while also suggesting some ways in which it may
diverge from the traditional definitions.




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