www.lofar.inaf.it Open in urlscan Pro
140.105.76.155  Public Scan

Form analysis
2 forms found in the DOM

GET /index.php/en/component/finder/search?Itemid=132

<form class="mod-finder js-finder-searchform form-search" action="/index.php/en/component/finder/search?Itemid=132" method="get" role="search">
  <label for="mod-finder-searchword112" class="finder">Search</label>
  <div class="mod-finder__search input-group">
    <div class="awesomplete"><input type="text" name="q" id="mod-finder-searchword112" class="js-finder-search-query form-control" value="" placeholder="Search …" autocomplete="off" aria-expanded="false" aria-owns="awesomplete_list_1"
        role="combobox">
      <ul hidden="" role="listbox" id="awesomplete_list_1"></ul><span class="visually-hidden" role="status" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true">Type 2 or more characters for results.</span>
    </div><button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit"><span class="icon-search icon-white" aria-hidden="true"></span> Search</button>
  </div>
  <input type="hidden" name="Itemid" value="132">
</form>

POST /index.php/en/

<form id="login-form-16" class="mod-login" action="/index.php/en/" method="post">
  <div class="mod-login__userdata userdata">
    <div class="mod-login__username form-group">
      <div class="input-group">
        <input id="modlgn-username-16" type="text" name="username" class="form-control" autocomplete="username" placeholder="Username">
        <label for="modlgn-username-16" class="visually-hidden">Username</label>
        <span class="input-group-text" title="Username">
          <span class="icon-user icon-fw" aria-hidden="true"></span>
        </span>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="mod-login__password form-group">
      <div class="input-group">
        <input id="modlgn-passwd-16" type="password" name="password" autocomplete="current-password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password">
        <label for="modlgn-passwd-16" class="visually-hidden">Password</label>
        <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary input-password-toggle">
          <span class="icon-eye icon-fw" aria-hidden="true"></span>
          <span class="visually-hidden">Show Password</span>
        </button>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="mod-login__remember form-group">
      <div id="form-login-remember-16" class="form-check">
        <input type="checkbox" name="remember" class="form-check-input" value="yes" id="form-login-input-remember-16">
        <label class="form-check-label" for="form-login-input-remember-16"> Remember Me </label>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="mod-login__submit form-group">
      <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary w-100 plg_system_webauthn_login_button" data-webauthn-form="login-form-16" title="Sign in with a passkey" id="plg_system_webauthn-LpAJMaCbNIlY-v3Yh5SXH">
        <svg aria-hidden="true" id="Passkey" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
          <g id="icon-passkey">
            <circle id="icon-passkey-head" cx="10.5" cy="6" r="4.5"></circle>
            <path id="icon-passkey-key" d="M22.5,10.5a3.5,3.5,0,1,0-5,3.15V19L19,20.5,21.5,18,20,16.5,21.5,15l-1.24-1.24A3.5,3.5,0,0,0,22.5,10.5Zm-3.5,0a1,1,0,1,1,1-1A1,1,0,0,1,19,10.5Z"></path>
            <path id="icon-passkey-body" d="M14.44,12.52A6,6,0,0,0,12,12H9a6,6,0,0,0-6,6v2H16V14.49A5.16,5.16,0,0,1,14.44,12.52Z"></path>
          </g>
        </svg> Sign in with a passkey </button>
    </div>
    <div class="mod-login__submit form-group">
      <button type="submit" name="Submit" class="btn btn-primary w-100">Log in</button>
    </div>
    <ul class="mod-login__options list-unstyled">
      <li>
        <a href="/index.php/en/component/users/reset?Itemid=132">
                    Forgot your password?</a>
      </li>
      <li>
        <a href="/index.php/en/component/users/remind?Itemid=132">
                    Forgot your username?</a>
      </li>
    </ul>
    <input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_users">
    <input type="hidden" name="task" value="user.login">
    <input type="hidden" name="return" value="aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubG9mYXIuaW5hZi5pdC9pbmRleC5waHAvZW4v">
    <input type="hidden" name="ecb20701b38bf7dc2c30660048f0b28b" value="1">
  </div>
</form>

Text Content

Select your language

 * 
 * 

 * Home
 * Lofar.IT
   * LOFAR
   * Roadmap
 * Organization
   * Consortium
   * Board
   * Italian Delegate
   * Data Working Group
   * Science Advisory Committee
 * Observe with Lofar
   * Call for Proposal
   * Call for Interest
   * Italian Observing Time
 * Data Analysis
   * Computation Infrastructure
 * Science
   * Science Board Guidelines
   * Key Science Projects (KSP)
   * KSP Participants
   * MKSP Participants
   * Guaranteed Time
 * Publications
   * Publications 2018
   * Publications 2019

Search
Type 2 or more characters for results.
Search


LOGIN

Username
Password Show Password
Remember Me
Sign in with a passkey
Log in
 * Forgot your password?
 * Forgot your username?


LOFAR

LOFAR (LOw Frequency ARray) is a low-frequency radio interferometer composed by
observational stations spread across Europe, utilizing a novel phased-array
antenna design and an innovative computer and network infrastructure to handle
the collected extremely large data volumes. It covers the largely unexplored
low-frequency range from 10-240 MHz with an unprecedented sharpness.

LOFAR's new capabilities, techniques and modus operandi make it an important
pathfinder for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA).

LOFAR  uses a new approach to obtain a breakthrough in sensitivity for
astronomical observations at radio-frequencies below 250 MHz.

The basic technology of radio telescopes had not changed since the 1960's: large
mechanical dish antennas collect signals before a receiver detects and analyses
them. Half the cost of these telescopes lies in the steel and moving structure.
A telescope 100x larger than existing instruments would therefore be
unaffordable. New technology was required to make the next step in sensitivity
needed to unravel the secrets of the early universe and the physical processes
in the centres of active galactic nuclei. The LOFAR array records the incoming
signals at a very high data rate, and then uses the power of supercomputers to
correlate the separate signals to create maps of the sky. Among the objectives
of the project is the detection of diffuse neutral hydrogen clouds during the
epoch of recombination of the intergalactic gas.

 The LOFAR radio telescope is an international telescope operated by ASTRON 

 

Technology

LOFAR is based on an array of simple omni-directional antennas, instead of
mechanical signal processing with a dish antenna, that are connected to each
other with a large Information and Communication Technology infrastructure.
There are two types of antennas at each station: the High Band Antennas (HBA,
110-240 MHz) and Low Band Antennas (LBA, 10-90 MHz). To make radio pictures of
the sky with adequate sharpness, these antennas are to be arranged in clusters
that are spread out over Europe. In total there are around 8,000 antennas in
several countries, including the Netherlands, France, Germany, Ireland, Poland,
Sweden and the UK, comprising, since 2019, almost 51 individual stations. The
electronic signals from the antennas are digitised, transported to a central
digital processor, and combined in software to emulate a conventional antenna.

Data transport requirements are in the range of many Tera-bits/sec and the
processing power needed is tens of Tera-FLOPS.

 The project (NenuFAR) has built a separate super-station in Nancay which will
greatly increase the sensitivity of LOFAR.

With LOFAR.IT plans, INAF envisages to acquire a LOFAR 2.0 Station to be
installed in Medicina (Bo) by 2021-22.


Science

The LOFAR telescope, combining unprecedented fields of view with high
sensitivity and the ability to access previously unexplored wavelength regimes,
allows astronomers to engage in multiple lines of research at once: they can
look back the so-called ‘Dark Ages’, billions of years to a time before the
first stars and galaxies were; they can obtain surveys of vast areas of the
low-frequency radio sky; they can detect radio transients originating from
highly energetic explosions in the universe.

Main key science with LOFAR:

 1. Epoch of Reionization (EoR), is the period during which the neutral gas in
    the Universe was completely ionised by the first stars and galaxies. 
 2. Deep extragalactic surveys
 3. Transient sources and pulsars
 4. Ultra-high energy cosmic rays
 5. Solar science and space weather
 6. Cosmic magnetism
 7. Multi-frequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS), is a radio survey, imaging the
    northern celestial hemisphere using the LOFAR low and high frequency bands.

 

Operations

The LOFAR facilities are jointly operated by the International LOFAR Telescope
(ILT) foundation, as an observatory open to the global astronomical community.
LOFAR is one of the first radio observatories to feature automated processing
pipelines to deliver fully calibrated science products to its user community. 

LOFAR.IT consortium, lead by INAF, with  the Department of Physics of the
University of Turin as a member, has the aim to provide italian scientists the
optimal conditions for LOFAR data access and analysis in order to optimize the
research scientific impact.