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ON CAMPUS, WILL PROTESTS ECLIPSE CLASSES?

By Lorena Ríos

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WHY YOU SHOULD CARE

After a woman was murdered by her boyfriend last fall, students at one Mexican
university shut down their entire school for a month. What’s ahead in the new
semester?







A HUMAN CHAIN

At 8:00pm on Feb. 28, 2020, a group of students convened in a bathroom and
decided it was time to take over their school’s grounds. They covered their
faces and proceeded to evacuate students, faculty and staff inside the School of
Economics at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, known as UNAM, in
Mexico City.

As some of the students went from classroom to classroom and others covered the
school’s glass doors at the main entrance, someone let the dean into the
building through an emergency exit. He was followed by some thirty security
guards and male professors. The students — all of them women — held onto one
another in a human chain, and managed to hold their ground. The dean opted to
retreat in order to avoid a violent clash.

This protest at UNAM’s School of Economics was one of at least 18 such takeovers
within a year by students denouncing violence in the UNAM system. The first took
place in November 2019 at UNAM’s School of Philosophy and Literature (FFyL in
Spanish), and spread quickly to other institutions, including a couple of high
schools.

Such activism has recently gained new force, as fewer students and faculty are
choosing to remain silent about violence that women in particular face at
Mexico’s institutions of higher education. Instead, they are protesting.

What do these protesters want, and is such change possible? Or will takeovers —
in lieu of classes — continue to be the order of the day?

LIST OF DEMANDS

In 2017, 22-year-old Lesvy Berlín was murdered by her boyfriend on UNAM’s campus
grounds. Her death was initially presumed to be a suicide.

UNAM is Mexico’s flagship university, but it wasn’t until 2016 that it created a
protocol for responding to allegations of gender violence. Since then, at least
1,486 complaints have been filed, while six women were murdered on its campus
between 2018 and 2020.



“Student protests against gender violence began around 2014 upon isolated
incidents of rape in the parking lot,” explains Carmen Aguilar, a graduate
student in UNAM’s International Relations Department, who says that complaints
also center on what she calls “inappropriate touching.” (All interviews were
conducted in Spanish.)

Saray Handal, a member of the Frente Universitario Feminista, a collective that
participated in a protest last spring at the Autonomous University of Nuevo
León, says, “It was teachers who would ask you out and harass you if you said
no.”

After Berlín’s murder, and following what was seen as an insufficient response
from the administration to a deluge of complaints of violence, students at FFyL
decided to take over their school. They barricaded themselves in the facilities
with chairs and desks, spray-painting walls and windows with such phrases as,
“They kill us here.”

L, a fifth-year student at UNAM’s School of Economics who chose to remain
anonymous, participated in her school’s takeover. The six-monthslong protest
began after a group of students learned that the university had protected an
administrator accused of sexual assault by multiple students. Inspired by their
peers at FFyL, their protest meetings became more frequent, and their group grew
into an organization called Mujeres Organizadas.

Administrators initially questioned the legitimacy of the students’ protest and
vowed to retake the building, said L. A few days later, the faculty director of
the School of Economics released a statement calling for dialogue with
protesters to work together to eradicate gender violence in the university’s
community. For their part, protesters — including students ranging from freshmen
to seniors, and even some faculty — chose to conceal their identities for fear
of retaliation. 

Mujeres Organizadas sought guidance from lawyers knowledgeable about the
university’s structure, to draft demands that could be met within normal
university procedure. “All the schools who had takeovers had to back themselves
up in the law,” said L.

> Professors defended themselves against accusations of misconduct by
> grandstanding in front of their classes.

Meanwhile, according to L, at UNAM’s School of Economics — where the student
body is predominantly male — female students experienced regular sexist comments
from professors, who were also known to defend themselves against accusations of
misconduct by grandstanding in front of their classes. It was also common
practice for men to surreptitiously take photos of female students in the
school’s bathroom.

This past September, when students of the Autonomous University of Queretaro
shut down their entire university for a month, the students’ list of demands
sought to address a wide range of issues, including amending university protocol
for a prompt response to allegations of violence; providing legal, psychological
and medical attention to alleged victims of sexual violence; the resignation of
four administrators and faculty members; and better lighting, cameras, security
presence and panic buttons on campus. Protesters also demanded that all changes
to protocol apply to allegations of violence against LGBTQ+ students.

At UNAM’s School of Economics, exactly six months after the student takeover had
begun, and with a majority of their demands met, protesters relinquished control
of the building.



CAUTIOUS RETURN

After the period of takeover, UNAM’s School of Economics created a “gender unit”
to address violence against its female students, which was one of the
protesters’ demands. The unit consists of a lawyer, a social worker and a
psychologist, among other positions.

There have been some changes inside the classroom too. According to L, male
professors are more cautious about making sexually charged comments, while
female students have become emboldened.

> Takeovers appear to have been an effective tool for student protesters.

“They don’t stay silent anymore when faced with a situation that makes them
uncomfortable or when they identify an aggression,” said L. “They speak up,
because they know there will be someone backing her up.”  

Takeovers appear to have been an effective tool for student protesters.

“UNAM tries to maintain an image of the best university in Latin America, so
they can’t have these conflicts on the inside,” L said, noting that the sooner
the university deals with public protests, “the better for them.” 

Aguilar believes protests against violence inside UNAM will continue. The
university has made strides to address the problem, “But the issue is that many
of the solutions are superficial,” she said. “The underlying problems persist.”
Universities have refused to sanction or dismiss most faculty accused of sexual
violence. Instead, administrators often prefer to put such faculty members on
leave and later bring them back.

“There is still a lot of work to be done, because new students and professors
keep coming every year,” said L. When Mujeres Organizadas put up a clothesline
of complaints this year, a popular type of feminist protest in which survivors
display the names of alleged perpetrators, many of the names on the clothesline
belonged to freshmen.

 * Lorena Ríos, OZY Author Follow Lorena Ríos on Twitter Contact Lorena Ríos




The Daily Dose February 2, 2023

TOPICS

 * Education
 * LGBTQ
 * Mexico
 * protests
 * Sexual Assault
 * women


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