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'THERE IS LITERALLY NO PAPER TRAIL': HOW RUSSIA EXPERTS SAY PUTIN HIDES A
FORTUNE

By Curt Devine, Casey Tolan and Majlie de Puy Kamp, CNN



Updated 2042 GMT (0442 HKT) March 17, 2022


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(CNN)The sprawling billion-dollar palace that sits on a hilltop overlooking the
Black Sea is seen by some Kremlin critics as the ultimate emblem of Russian
President Vladimir Putin's legacy of corruption.

Dubbed "Putin's Palace," the 190,000 square-foot mega-mansion was purportedly
built for his personal use with funds from billionaire oligarchs, whom he
allegedly allowed to flourish in Russia's notoriously corrupt economy so long as
they shared the wealth -- with him.
The property has its own amphitheater, underground hockey rink and private
seaport, according to a documentary produced by jailed Russian opposition leader
Alexey Navalny's anti-corruption group. There is a no-fly zone in the skies
above and a no-boating zone in the surrounding waters.



The magnificent fortress stands in stark contrast to the tiny 800-square-foot
apartment Putin claims in his official 2020 financial disclosure.

Yet, despite the opulence of the hilltop retreat, "I would be very surprised if
Putin ever sets foot in there again," Nate Sibley, an expert on Russian
corruption who advises members of Congress, told CNN.
Read More
Sibley said the palace symbolizes what he sees as a bygone era of Putin
pursuing, through the wealth of oligarchs, a luxurious lifestyle that he could
never afford on his government salary. While Putin is believed to have amassed a
hidden fortune by such means earlier in his career, Sibley said, he has since
become less reliant on his wealthy benefactors over the years and has surrounded
himself instead with government and military loyalists who share his hardline
nationalist views.
The sprawling palace and property on the coast of the Black Sea are seen in this
image from a video by Alexey Navalny's Anti-Corruption Foundation.
That shift, some Russia experts told CNN, may make it more difficult to make
Putin personally feel the sting of economic sanctions the US and its European
allies have imposed to punish him for invading Ukraine.



Putin has positioned himself, as Sibley put it, "above the fray."
It wasn't always that way. Nearly two decades before Putin drew international
ire for his most recent unprovoked invasion of Ukraine, the Kremlin had Russia's
richest man plucked off his private jet and charged him with crimes against the
state.
Mikhail Khodorkovsky, an oligarch worth an estimated $15 billion at the time,
sat caged in the middle of the courtroom during his highly publicized trial.
Khodorkovsky, who had been critical of government corruption under Putin's
leadership, was convicted of tax evasion and fraud, though he argued the charges
were politically motivated. Putin pardoned him in 2013 and he has since lived in
exile.
Biden is vowing to seize Russian oligarchs' yachts. Here's where they are right
now
Putin's bold move against the billionaire oil magnate was seen as a message to
other oligarchs: You might be next.
The tactic demanded the unwavering loyalty of the oligarch class.
The ensuing influx of cash, gifts and goodwill is one explanation for how Putin,
who claims a salary of just $140,000 a year, is suspected of being one of the
richest people on the planet. He is rumored to own or have access to not only
the Black Sea palace, but also a $100 million yacht, according to published
reports. CNN was unable to verify Putin's connection to the palace or yacht. The
Kremlin has dismissed reports of Putin's purported hidden wealth.
That the properties and other possessions aren't in his name doesn't matter,
said Tom Burgis, author of a book on international money laundering called
"Kleptopia." Burgis likened Putin to The Godfather and said it's understood that
when he asks an oligarch for something, it's not really a request.
Mikhail Khodorkovsky, left, and his close associate, Platon Lebedev, seen in a
defendant's cage at a courtroom in Moscow on July 12, 2004.
"Ultimately they owe everything they have to the boss. And with the click of a
finger, as he has shown in the past, Putin can take everything," Burgis said.
"However influential they may seem, they are ultimately dependent on him."
Several of Putin's closest associates -- including childhood friends, a woman
who was reportedly his former lover, and a professional cellist who is the
godfather of one of his daughters, have secretly amassed huge fortunes outside
Russia during his time in power, according to leaked financial documents.
A complicated web of shell companies, offshore banks and hidden transactions
obscures their wealth, with accounts spirited away inside one another like
Russian nesting dolls. But a series of leaks in recent years from firms that
facilitate the offshore finance system, including the Panama Papers and the
Pandora Papers, have stripped away some of those layers of secrecy.
The assets tied to Putin's inner circle include an apartment in a Monaco luxury
building overlooking the principality's glitzy harbor. The fourth-floor flat was
purchased in 2003 for $4.1 million by a shell corporation called Brockville
Development Ltd., a company registered in the British Virgin Islands, documents
published by The Washington Post show.
The real owner of the company: Svetlana Krivonogikh, a former shop cleaner from
St. Petersburg who reportedly had a romantic relationship with Putin two decades
ago, according to documents obtained by the International Consortium of
Investigative Journalists and reported on by the Post and The Guardian. The
company was registered just weeks after Krivonogikh, who was 28 at the time,
gave birth to a girl.
The full 'Putin list' of Russian oligarchs and political figures released by the
US Treasury
Proekt, an independent Russian media outlet that was banned in the country last
year, reported that Putin started a relationship with Krivonogikh in the 1990s
before he became President, and that her daughter has a patronymic middle name
that means "daughter of Vladimir."
Krivonogikh has declined to comment about Putin to reporters, but her daughter
-- who had tens of thousands of Instagram followers before recently deleting her
account -- has acknowledged to interviewers that she shares a resemblance to the
President.
In addition to the Monaco apartment, Krivonogikh owns a majority share in a ski
resort where Putin has been seen hitting the slopes, several other luxury
apartments in St. Petersburg, and a yacht, the Post and the Guardian reported.
The leaked documents don't make clear the source of the fortunes amassed by
Putin's inner circle. But in several cases, businesses and financial
institutions linked to them have won lucrative state contracts.
Russia has the largest amount of wealth hidden in offshore tax havens, both in
terms of absolute volume -- conservative estimates peg it around $800 billion in
2017 -- and as a percentage of national GDP, according to a 2020 report by the
Atlantic Council.
Do you have information to share about this story? We offer several ways to
reach our journalists securely.
On average, 10% of world GDP is held offshore. However, in Russia, offshore
wealth accounted for as much as 60% of GDP in 2015, according to a 2018 Journal
of Public Economics research paper, the most recent estimate available.
Experts say about a quarter of this dark money is indirectly controlled by Putin
and his tight-knit circle of oligarchs and poses a "serious national security
threat" to the United States. The Mueller report illustrated how Russian
offshore accounts were used to interfere in the 2016 elections.
Earlier this month, the Justice Department announced the formation of a task
force devoted to enforcing sanctions and other economic restrictions designed to
isolate Russia from global markets. The KleptoCapture task force will target not
only Russian officials and oligarchs, but "those who aid or conceal their
unlawful conduct."
White House announces new sanctions on Russian oligarchs
Gary Kalman, the director of the US office of Transparency International, an
anti-corruption advocacy group, said enforcing sanctions will not be easy.
"It is extraordinarily difficult for law enforcement to try and 'follow the
money' because at some point you are going to literally hit a brick wall,"
Kalman said. "There is literally no paper trail."
The United States and the United Kingdom are ideal places to stash large amounts
of money, they are among the deepest financial markets in the world, and both
accept anonymous shell companies, according to the Atlantic Council.
A group of international researchers found that shell companies in the US can be
set up in under an hour for as little as $200, without having to legally
disclose who owns or controls it. For decades, Western companies -- banks and
law firms -- have profited from helping Russian oligarchs hide their money,
setting up complicated corporate structures that make it nearly impossible to
link assets or bank accounts to individuals.
Russian President Vladimir Putin, center, and Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu,
right, watch the Navy Day Military parade on July 27, 2014, at the main naval
base of Severomorsk, Russia.
In the eyes of some longtime Putin observers, the enigmatic Russian leader has
shifted his focus from pursuit of wealth to consolidation of power.
"It's difficult to understand precisely what's happening inside the Kremlin and
inside the mind of Vladimir Putin. But he is more and more in a tight
relationship with a very small group of people, and they tend to be more on the
military and intelligence side rather than business people," said Jill
Dougherty, former Moscow bureau chief for CNN, "because, obviously, if Putin
cared about business, he would not be prosecuting this war in Ukraine."
"Right now it is not up to the oligarchs," said Stanislav Markus, an associate
professor of international business at the University of South Carolina. "It is
the guns, not the money that speak loudest in the Kremlin today."

Regardless of whether priorities have shifted inside the Kremlin, Maria
Pevchikh, head of investigations Navalny's Anti-Corruption Foundation, argues
both the palace near the Black Sea and Russia's invasion of Ukraine demonstrate
the way Putin sees himself as much more than a government official.
"He sees himself as a czar, as king of some sort," Pevchikh told CNN. "He has
huge plans. He has the vision of him being a historical figure, being so
powerful, so mighty, so important, and they invest a lot of money into this
narrative."

Scott Glover contributed to this report.

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The key developments in the Ukraine conflict


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OUR USE OF COOKIES AND OTHER TECHNOLOGIES

We, our Affiliates and Vendors use cookies and other technologies to process
personal data (including device identifiers and IP addresses) for the following
purposes: Store and/or access information on a device, Select personalised
ads, Create a personalised ads profile, Create a personalised content
profile, Select personalised content, Measure content performance, Apply market
research to generate audience insights, Develop and improve products, Select
basic ads and Measure ad performance. Privacy Policy

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provide or withdraw consents, and in some cases object to legitimate interest
purposes for processing your personal data, click “Manage Cookies+”.
Additionally, you may exercise your preferences for consent or object to
legitimate interest processing at a vendor level in the “Vendors” link. These
settings are accessible on a site or app specific basis, at any time through the
‘Manage Cookies+’ link located on webpages or in application settings. We work
in coordination with an industry framework which will signal your preferences to
our participating Vendors

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