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A view of the Golden Triangle, a scamming hub where Laos, Thailand and Myanmar
meet. Credit: Bienvenue en Thaïlande via Wikimedia Commons
James Reddick
May 13th, 2024
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SOUTHEAST ASIAN SCAM SYNDICATES STEALING $64 BILLION ANNUALLY, RESEARCHERS FIND

Online fraud operations in Southeast Asia continue to grow, with organized
scamming syndicates netting an estimated $64 billion each year worldwide,
according to new research. 

In Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar, the criminal groups are stealing about $43.8
billion each year through scams — some 40 percent of the three nations’ combined
formal GDP — according to a report released Monday from the United States
Institute of Peace. 

The scams typically involve pig butchering, when potential victims are contacted
on messaging platforms or dating apps. The scammers try to develop relationships
and eventually convince victims to make fraudulent investments which are
siphoned off by criminals. 

“This has gone from being very much a regional issue that was focused on
criminal markets within the region to a global issue in a very short period of
time,” Jason Tower, Myanmar country director at USIP, said during an event to
discuss the research. 

“And it's spreading into other countries… There's new linkages into the Middle
East, into Africa, that the same criminal actors are beginning to exploit.”

The researchers noted that in recent months there has been a “massive upsurge in
the targeting of victims who are not Chinese and do not speak Mandarin” —
perhaps as a response to Chinese law enforcement’s increasing scrutiny of the
industry. 

Last year, such scams resulted in about $3.5 billion in losses in the U.S.,
while Canadians lost an estimated $413 million and Malaysians more than $750
million, researchers said. 

Throughout Southeast Asia, organized crime groups have trafficked hundreds of
thousands of people into heavily-guarded compounds — where they are held and
forced to conduct the scams under threats of violence. 

“As they depend largely on forced labor, these facilities frequently bear the
hallmarks of penal institutions, with high walls and barred windows,
closed-circuit television, armed guards, and torture rooms,” the researchers
wrote. 

While the dynamics differ in each country that is home to scam compounds,
political corruption is a universal factor that has allowed organized crime to
fester. In Cambodia a prominent senator within the ruling party, Ly Yong Phat,
owns a casino and hotel complex linked to “industrial-scale fraud.” 

In Myanmar, meanwhile, the junta has allowed government-aligned militias along
its border with China and Thailand to set up massive criminal operations. 

“The compounds are often established in partnership with powerful local elites,
sometimes in urban centers of countries with feeble or deeply corrupt
governance, and sometimes in official special zones or poorly regulated border
regions where law enforcement and taxation are purposely restricted, creating
virtual impunity for illicit conduct,” they wrote. 

China recently grew so fed up with its own citizens being trafficked into
Myanmar and targeted by scams that it arrested some of the high-level
perpetrators and allowed rebels in Myanmar to rout the government-backed
militias. 

Nonetheless, the researchers found, the criminal operations appear to have
merely adapted in response to pressure, with scam bases shifting elsewhere in
Myanmar and the region. 

With the scam activity growing despite increasing international awareness of the
issue, the USIP study group recommended coordinated measures to try to rein it
in, such as enacting sanctions and travel bans for syndicate leaders; holding
countries accountable for permitting scam compounds; and considering punishment
for social media platforms, like Telegram, that allow groups to “facilitate
money laundering” or advertise resources for conducting scams. 

Brandon Yoder, the deputy assistant secretary at the State Department’s Bureau
of International Narcotics & Law Enforcement, acknowledged on Monday that the
“growing threat posed by these scam operations and the impact that they have on
the American people is a national security priority.”

“From Thailand to the Philippines, Vietnam to Indonesia, we're supporting
partner governments with the training and equipment they need in order to
detect, deter and investigate crime,” he said. “This includes supporting our
partners in advanced investigation techniques that go beyond arresting low level
criminals to investigate and uncover the sophisticated networks behind them.” 

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Tags
 * pig butchering
 * Southeast Asia
 * Myanmar
 * Cambodia
 * Laos
 * Scams

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James Reddick



has worked as a journalist around the world, including in Lebanon and in
Cambodia, where he was Deputy Managing Editor of The Phnom Penh Post. He is also
a radio and podcast producer for outlets like Snap Judgment.

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