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TYPES OF RELIABILITY

Data, they say, is the new oil. Companies don’t just rely on their gut but use
data to make smart…



September 25, 2020 | 4 mins read



Data, they say, is the new oil. Companies don’t just rely on their gut but use
data to make smart business decisions. They use it to identify challenges and
opportunities so that they can make informed decisions.

However, making intelligent decisions depends on reliable data. Reliability is
an essential factor for data analysis. No matter how effective or extensive the
data is, it won’t be useful if it cannot be replicated, which is what
reliability tests. 


FOLLOWING ARE THE 3 TYPES OF RELIABILITY:


1. TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY

Test-retest is one of the types of reliability that measures the consistency of
results when one repeats the same test on the same sample at a different
juncture in time. You can use this type of reliability when you are measuring
something that you expect to stay consistent. 


 * TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY EXAMPLES

A test of color blindness of the applicants for the armed forces must have high
test-retest reliability, as color blindness is a trait that does not get better
over time. This is one of the common examples of reliability in a person. 


 * WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

When you are dealing with different types of reliability, various factors can
influence the results at different points in time. For example, different
emotions or environmental conditions might affect your ability to report data
accurately.

Test-retest type of reliability can be used when you want to neutralize such
factors over time. The key is to understand that the smaller the difference
between two sets of conclusions, the higher is the test-retest reliability.


 * HOW DOES ONE MEASURE IT?

To measure test-retest types of reliability, you can conduct a precise test on
the same group of individuals at two different times. You can then calculate the
correlation between the two sets of conclusions.


 * INTER-RATER RELIABILITY

Inter-rater type of reliability (also known as inter-observer), one of the three
types of reliability) measures the degree of agreement between different
individuals observing or analyzing the same object. You can use it when the data
is collected by various researchers through ratings or categories, or when the
data points to more than one variable.


2. INTER-RATER RELIABILITY EXAMPLES

The inter-rater type of reliability works when a team of scientists collects
data on public behavior through observation. In such a study, all scientists
should agree on how to categorize or score different types of behavior. 


 * WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

Different people analyze things differently; so different observers’ perceptions
of the same situations and conditions naturally differ from one another.
Inter-rater reliability, one of the different types of reliability, aims to
minimize the subjectivity as much as possible so that every scientist is able to
replicate the same results or conclusions through a similar set of observation
metrics.


 * HOW DOES ONE MEASURE IT?

To measure the inter-rater type of reliability, different scholars conduct the
same measurement or observation on the same data sample. Then they proceed to
calculate the direct correlation between the different sets of conclusions or
results based on the examples of reliability in a person. If all the scientists
give approximately the same score or ratings, the test has high inter-rater
reliability.


 * INTERNAL CONSISTENCY

The last of the 3 types of reliability is internal consistency. It assesses the
direct correlation between multiple items that are intended to measure the same
construct.


3. INTERNAL CONSISTENCY RELIABILITY EXAMPLES

You can calculate the internal consistency, a type of reliability, without
repeating the test or involving other scientists. It is a useful method to
assess reliability when you have only one set of data.


 * WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

When one devises a set of inquiries or scores that will be combined into an
overall score or rating, one has to make sure that all of the objects reflect
the same thing or provide the same perspective. If responses to different items
are contradicting one another, the test might prove to be unreliable.


 * HOW DOES ONE MEASURE IT?

To measure customer satisfaction with digital service providers like internet or
mobile service providers, you can create a questionnaire with a group of
statements that participants must either agree or disagree with. The internal
consistency type of reliability tells you whether the statements or facts are
reliable indicators of consumer satisfaction.


HERE ARE THE TWO COMMON METHODS USED TO MEASURE INTERNAL CONSISTENCY:


 * SPLIT-HALF RELIABILITY:

One randomly splits a set of data into two. After testing the entire set on the
participants, the individual proceeds to calculate the correlation between the
two sets of answers.


 * AVERAGE INTER-ITEM CORRELATION:

For a set of data designed to analyze the same construct, you can calculate the
direct correlation between the results of all possible items and then proceed to
calculate the average.

Now that you know about different types of reliability and examples of
reliability in a person, you’re on course to hone a basic workplace skill:
trust. Harappa Education offers a course called Establishing Trust which equips
you to build trust and navigate the corporate landscape effectively. 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Explore topics such as What is Strategic Management, How to Build Trust, Rapport
Building & Teamwork Skills from our Harappa Diaries section in order to build
trust-rich relationships at work.


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