en.wikipedia.org
Open in
urlscan Pro
208.80.153.224
Public Scan
Submitted URL: https://gasf12.ms-onedrive.site/
Effective URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google
Submission Tags: @phishunt_io
Submission: On December 10 via api from DE — Scanned from CA
Effective URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google
Submission Tags: @phishunt_io
Submission: On December 10 via api from DE — Scanned from CA
Form analysis 3 forms found in the DOM
/w/index.php
<form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button">
<div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved">
<div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon">
<input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [alt-shift-f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" autocomplete="off">
<span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search">
</div>
<button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button>
</form><form id="frb-form">
<div class="frb-step frb-step-1">
<button class="frb-icon-btn frb-close" aria-label="Close"></button>
<fieldset class="frb-frequency">
<legend class="frb-numbered error-highlight"> How often would you like to donate? </legend>
<ul>
<li>
<input class="frb-radio" type="radio" name="frequency" id="frb-frequency-onetime" onclick="frb.toggleMonthly(false);" value="onetime" checked="">
<label class="frb-radio-label" for="frb-frequency-onetime">One time</label>
</li>
<li>
<input class="frb-radio" type="radio" name="frequency" id="frb-frequency-monthly" onclick="frb.toggleMonthly(true);" value="monthly">
<label class="frb-radio-label frb-frequency-monthly-label" for="frb-frequency-monthly">Give monthly</label>
</li>
</ul>
</fieldset>
<fieldset class="frb-amounts">
<legend class="frb-numbered">
<span class="error-highlight">Please select an amount (<span class="frb-replace-currencycode">CAD</span>)</span><br> The average donation in <span class="frb-replace-countryname">Canada</span> is around <span
class="frb-replaced">$12</span>.
</legend>
<ul>
<li>
<input class="frb-radio" name="amount" type="radio" id="frb-amt-ps1" value="2.75">
<label for="frb-amt-ps1" class="frb-radio-label">$2.75</label>
</li>
<li>
<input class="frb-radio" name="amount" type="radio" id="frb-amt-ps2" value="10">
<label for="frb-amt-ps2" class="frb-radio-label">$10</label>
</li>
<li>
<input class="frb-radio" name="amount" type="radio" id="frb-amt-ps3" value="15">
<label for="frb-amt-ps3" class="frb-radio-label">$15</label>
</li>
<li>
<input class="frb-radio" name="amount" type="radio" id="frb-amt-ps4" value="25">
<label for="frb-amt-ps4" class="frb-radio-label">$25</label>
</li>
<li>
<input class="frb-radio" name="amount" type="radio" id="frb-amt-ps5" value="50">
<label for="frb-amt-ps5" class="frb-radio-label">$50</label>
</li>
<li>
<input class="frb-radio" name="amount" type="radio" id="frb-amt-ps6" value="75">
<label for="frb-amt-ps6" class="frb-radio-label">$75</label>
</li>
<li>
<input class="frb-radio" name="amount" type="radio" id="frb-amt-ps7" value="100">
<label for="frb-amt-ps7" class="frb-radio-label">$100</label>
</li>
<li class="frb-amt-other">
<label for="input_amount_other" class="sr-only">Other amount</label>
<input class="frb-radio" name="amount" type="radio" id="input_amount_other" value="Other">
<input name="otherAmount" type="text" inputmode="decimal" id="frb-amt-other-input" size="3" autocomplete="off" value="" placeholder="Other" tabindex="-1" maxlength="10">
<label for="frb-amt-other-input" class="frb-amt-other-label sr-only">Other</label>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="frb-ptf frb-checkbox-wrapper" style="display: none;">
<input class="frb-checkbox" type="checkbox" name="ptf" id="frb-ptf-checkbox" value="true" onclick="frb.updateFeeDisplay();">
<label class="frb-checkbox-label" for="frb-ptf-checkbox">I'll generously add <span class="frb-ptf-fee frb-replaced">a little</span> to cover the transaction fees so you can keep 100% of my donation.</label>
</div>
</fieldset>
<fieldset class="frb-methods">
<legend class="frb-numbered error-highlight"> Please select a payment method </legend>
<div class="frb-payment-options">
<div data-name="Credit Card" class="frb-button frb-pm-cc frb-cctypes-vma">
<input id="frb-pm-cc" type="radio" name="frb-methods" class="frb-radio" onchange="frb.setMethod({ method:'cc' });">
<label for="frb-pm-cc" class="frb-label">
<span class="frb-pm-cc-label">Credit/Debit Card</span>
<span class="frb-cc-logo-wrapper">
<svg class="frb-cc-logo-visa" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="frb-cc-logo-visa-title" viewBox="0 0 200 120">
<title id="frb-cc-logo-visa-title">Visa</title>
<path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M7.7 0h184.6c4.2 0 7.7 3.3 7.7 7.5v105c0 4.1-3.4 7.5-7.7 7.5H7.7c-4.2 0-7.7-3.3-7.7-7.5V7.5C0 3.3 3.4 0 7.7 0z"></path>
<path fill="#F7B600" d="M0 98v14.3c0 4.2 3.4 7.7 7.7 7.7h184.6c4.2 0 7.7-3.4 7.7-7.7V98H0z"></path>
<path fill="#1A1F71"
d="M200 22V7.7c0-4.2-3.4-7.7-7.7-7.7H7.7C3.4 0 0 3.4 0 7.7V22h200zM81.9 36.9L62.3 83.4H49.4l-9.6-37.2c-.6-2.3-1.1-3.1-2.8-4.1-3.8-1.8-7.8-3.1-12-3.9l.2-1.4h20.6c2.8 0 5.1 2 5.6 4.8l5.1 26.9 12.6-31.7h12.8zm50.3 31.3c0-12.3-17-13-16.9-18.4 0-1.7 1.6-3.4 5.2-3.9 4.1-.4 8.2.3 12 2.1l2.1-9.8c-3.6-1.4-7.5-2.1-11.4-2.1-12 0-20.4 6.4-20.5 15.3-.1 6.8 6 10.4 10.6 12.6s6.3 3.8 6.3 5.8c0 3.1-3.8 4.5-7.3 4.5-4.3.1-8.6-.9-12.5-2.9l-2.2 10.2c4.3 1.7 8.9 2.5 13.5 2.5 12.7 0 20.9-6.2 21.1-15.9m31.6 15.2H175l-9.8-46.5h-10.4c-2.3 0-4.3 1.3-5.2 3.4l-18.3 43.1H144l2.5-7h15.6l1.7 7zm-13.6-16.5l6.4-17.4 3.7 17.4h-10.1zm-51-30l-10 46.5H77.1l10-46.5h12.1z">
</path>
</svg>
<svg class="frb-cc-logo-mastercard" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="frb-cc-logo-mastercard-title" viewBox="0 0 200 120">
<title id="frb-cc-logo-mastercard-title">MasterCard</title>
<path d="M192.3 120H7.7c-4.2 0-7.7-3.4-7.7-7.5V7.5C0 3.4 3.5 0 7.7 0h184.6c4.2 0 7.7 3.4 7.7 7.5v105c0 4.1-3.5 7.5-7.7 7.5z"></path>
<g id="Layer_1-2">
<path id="_Compound_Path_" fill="#FFFFFF"
d="M61.9 106.5v-6.2c.2-2-1.3-3.7-3.3-3.9h-.5c-1.4-.1-2.7.6-3.5 1.8-.7-1.1-1.9-1.8-3.3-1.8-1.2-.1-2.3.5-3 1.5v-1.2h-2v9.9h2v-5.7c-.1-1.3.8-2.5 2.1-2.6h.4c1.4 0 2.2.9 2.2 2.6v5.7h2v-5.7c-.1-1.3.8-2.5 2.1-2.6h.4c1.5 0 2.2.9 2.2 2.6v5.7l2.2-.1zm32.1-10h-3.6v-3h-2v3h-2.1v1.8h2.1v4.7c0 2.3.8 3.7 3.3 3.7.9 0 1.9-.3 2.7-.8l-.6-1.8c-.6.3-1.2.5-1.9.6-1 0-1.5-.7-1.5-1.7v-4.8H94v-1.7zm18.3-.2c-1.1 0-2.1.5-2.7 1.5v-1.2h-2v9.9h2v-5.6c0-1.6.8-2.7 2.2-2.7.5 0 .9.1 1.3.2l.7-1.9c-.5-.1-1-.2-1.5-.2zm-27.7 1c-1.2-.7-2.6-1.1-4-1-2.5 0-4 1.2-4 3.1 0 1.6 1.1 2.6 3.3 2.9l1 .1c1.2.2 1.8.6 1.8 1.1 0 .8-.9 1.3-2.3 1.3-1.2 0-2.3-.3-3.3-1l-1 1.6c1.3.9 2.7 1.3 4.3 1.3 2.8 0 4.4-1.3 4.4-3.2 0-1.9-1.2-2.6-3.3-2.9l-1-.1c-.9-.1-1.8-.4-1.8-1s.8-1.2 2-1.2c1.1 0 2.1.3 3.1.9l.8-1.9zm29.9 4.2c-.1 2.7 2 5.1 4.7 5.2h.5c1.3.1 2.6-.4 3.5-1.2l-1-1.6c-.7.6-1.6.9-2.6.9-1.8-.2-3.2-1.8-3-3.7.2-1.6 1.4-2.9 3-3 .9 0 1.8.3 2.6.9l1-1.6c-1-.8-2.3-1.2-3.5-1.2-2.7-.1-5 2-5.2 4.7v.6zm-13.9-5.2c-2.9 0-4.9 2.1-4.9 5.2-.2 2.7 1.9 5 4.5 5.2h.5c1.5.1 2.9-.4 4-1.4l-1-1.5c-.8.7-1.8 1-2.9 1-1.5.1-2.8-1-3-2.5h7.4v-.8c.1-3.1-1.8-5.2-4.6-5.2zm0 1.8c1.4 0 2.5 1 2.6 2.4v.1h-5.3c.1-1.4 1.3-2.5 2.7-2.5zm-26.7 3.4v-4.9h-2v1.2c-.8-1-2-1.5-3.2-1.5-2.9 0-5.2 2.3-5.2 5.2 0 2.9 2.3 5.2 5.2 5.2 1.2.1 2.4-.5 3.2-1.5v1.2h2v-4.9zm-7.9 0c-.1-1.7 1.1-3.2 2.8-3.4h.3c1.8.2 3.2 1.8 3 3.7-.2 1.6-1.4 2.9-3 3-1.7 0-3.1-1.4-3.1-3.1-.1 0-.1-.1 0-.2zm76.1-5.2c-1.1 0-2.1.5-2.7 1.5v-1.2h-2v9.9h2v-5.6c0-1.6.8-2.7 2.2-2.7.5 0 .9.1 1.3.2l.7-1.9c-.5-.1-1-.2-1.5-.2zm15.8 8.7c.1 0 .3 0 .4.1.1 0 .2.1.3.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.1.2.1.5 0 .8-.1.1-.1.2-.2.3-.1.1-.2.2-.3.2-.1.1-.3.1-.4.1-.4 0-.8-.2-.9-.6-.1-.2-.1-.5 0-.8.1-.1.1-.2.2-.3.1-.1.2-.2.3-.2.2 0 .3-.1.4-.1zm0 1.8c.1 0 .2 0 .3-.1.1 0 .2-.1.2-.2.3-.3.3-.7 0-1l-.2-.2c-.1 0-.2-.1-.3-.1-.1 0-.2 0-.3.1-.1 0-.2.1-.2.2-.3.3-.3.7 0 1 .1.1.2.1.2.2.1.1.2.1.3.1zm.1-1.2c.1 0 .2 0 .3.1.1.1.1.1.1.2s0 .1-.1.2-.1.1-.2.1l.3.3h-.2l-.3-.3h-.1v.3h-.2v-.9h.4zm-.2.1v.2h.3v-.2h-.3zm-23.3-4.2v-5h-2v1.2c-.8-1-2-1.5-3.2-1.5-2.9 0-5.2 2.3-5.2 5.2 0 2.9 2.3 5.2 5.2 5.2 1.2.1 2.4-.5 3.2-1.5v1.2h2v-4.8zm-8 0c-.1-1.7 1.1-3.2 2.8-3.4h.3c1.8.2 3.2 1.8 3 3.7-.2 1.6-1.4 2.9-3 3-1.7 0-3.1-1.4-3.1-3.1v-.2zm27.9 0v-9h-2v5.2c-.8-1-2-1.5-3.2-1.5-2.9 0-5.2 2.3-5.2 5.2 0 2.9 2.3 5.2 5.2 5.2 1.2.1 2.4-.5 3.2-1.5v1.2h2v-4.8zm-8 0c-.1-1.7 1.1-3.2 2.8-3.4h.3c1.8.3 3.1 2 2.8 3.9-.2 1.5-1.4 2.6-2.8 2.8-1.7 0-3.1-1.4-3.1-3.1-.1 0-.1-.1 0-.2z">
</path>
<g id="_Group_">
<path fill="#FF5F00" d="M83.9 21h32.4v58.7H83.9z"></path>
<path id="_Path_2" fill="#EB001B" d="M86 50.3C86 38.8 91.2 28 100.2 21c-16.1-12.7-39.4-9.9-52.1 6.3S38.2 67 54.3 79.7c13.4 10.6 32.4 10.6 45.8 0C91.2 72.6 86 61.8 86 50.3z"></path>
<path fill="#F79E1B"
d="M156.6 73.5v-1.2h.5V72h-1.2v.2h.5v1.2h.2zm2.4 0V72h-.4l-.4 1-.4-1h-.4v1.5h.3v-1.1l.4.9h.3l.4-.9v1.1h.2zm1.2-23.2c0 20.6-16.6 37.3-37.1 37.3-8.3 0-16.4-2.8-22.9-8 16.1-12.7 18.9-36.2 6.2-52.4-1.8-2.3-3.9-4.4-6.2-6.3 16.1-12.7 39.4-9.9 52.1 6.3 5.1 6.6 7.9 14.8 7.9 23.1z">
</path>
</g>
</g>
</svg>
<svg class="frb-cc-logo-amex" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="frb-cc-logo-amex-title" viewBox="0 0 200 120">
<title id="frb-cc-logo-amex-title">Amex</title>
<linearGradient id="SVGID_1_" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="187.342" y1="3564.816" x2="13.247" y2="3503.596" gradientTransform="translate(0 -3474.102)">
<stop offset="0" stop-color="#51BCEA"></stop>
<stop offset="1" stop-color="#3078BC"></stop>
</linearGradient>
<path fill="url(#SVGID_1_)" d="M192.3 120H7.7c-4.2 0-7.7-3.5-7.7-7.7V7.7C0 3.5 3.5 0 7.7 0h184.6c4.2 0 7.7 3.5 7.7 7.7v104.7c0 4.1-3.5 7.6-7.7 7.6z"></path>
<path fill="#FFFFFF"
d="M162.8 60.1L179 42.5h-11L157.4 54l-10.2-11.5h-33.4v35h32.9l10.6-11.6 10.2 11.6h10.8l-15.5-17.4zm-20.3 10.1H122v-7h18.2V56H122v-6.4h20.8l9.1 10.2-9.4 10.4zm-95-7.7l-5.6-13.9-5.6 13.9m74.4 15h-8.5V50.1L90.1 77.5h-7.3L70.7 50.1v27.4h-17l-3.2-7.8H33.2L30 77.5h-9l14.9-35h12.3l14.1 33.1V42.5H76l10.9 23.7 10-23.7h13.8v35z">
</path>
</svg>
<svg class="frb-cc-logo-jcb" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="frb-cc-logo-jcb-title" viewBox="0 0 200 120">
<title id="frb-cc-logo-jcb-title">JCB</title>
<path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M193.1 0H7.7C3.4 0 0 3.3 0 7.5v105c0 3.9 3.1 7.1 6.9 7.5h185.4c4.3 0 7.7-3.4 7.7-7.5V7.5c0-3.9-3.1-7.1-6.9-7.5z"></path>
<linearGradient id="path6338_1_" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="-227.894" y1="959.936" x2="-209.808" y2="959.936" gradientTransform="matrix(2.0492 0 0 -2.0492 590.04 2032.794)">
<stop offset="0" stop-color="#007940"></stop>
<stop offset=".229" stop-color="#00873F"></stop>
<stop offset=".743" stop-color="#40A737"></stop>
<stop offset="1" stop-color="#5CB531"></stop>
</linearGradient>
<path id="path6338" fill="url(#path6338_1_)" d="M130.4 69.6h8.7c.2 0 .8-.1 1.1-.1 1.6-.3 3.1-1.8 3.1-3.9 0-2-1.4-3.5-3.1-3.9-.2-.1-.7-.1-1.1-.1h-8.7v8z"></path>
<linearGradient id="path6349_1_" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="-227.894" y1="962.732" x2="-209.823" y2="962.732" gradientTransform="matrix(2.0492 0 0 -2.0492 590.04 2032.794)">
<stop offset="0" stop-color="#007940"></stop>
<stop offset=".229" stop-color="#00873F"></stop>
<stop offset=".743" stop-color="#40A737"></stop>
<stop offset="1" stop-color="#5CB531"></stop>
</linearGradient>
<path id="path6349" fill="url(#path6349_1_)" d="M138.1 15c-8.2 0-15 6.7-15 15v15.6h21.2c.5 0 1.1 0 1.5.1 4.8.2 8.3 2.7 8.3 7 0 3.4-2.4 6.3-6.8 6.8v.2c4.9.3 8.6 3 8.6 7.3 0 4.5-4.1 7.5-9.6 7.5H123V105h22c8.2 0 15-6.7 15-15V15h-21.9z">
</path>
<linearGradient id="path6360_1_" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="-227.894" y1="965.808" x2="-209.807" y2="965.808" gradientTransform="matrix(2.0492 0 0 -2.0492 590.04 2032.794)">
<stop offset="0" stop-color="#007940"></stop>
<stop offset=".229" stop-color="#00873F"></stop>
<stop offset=".743" stop-color="#40A737"></stop>
<stop offset="1" stop-color="#5CB531"></stop>
</linearGradient>
<path id="path6360" fill="url(#path6360_1_)" d="M142.1 53.7c0-2-1.4-3.3-3.1-3.5-.2 0-.6-.1-.8-.1h-7.8v7.3h7.8c.2 0 .7 0 .8-.1 1.7-.3 3.1-1.7 3.1-3.6z"></path>
<linearGradient id="path6371_1_" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="-268.384" y1="962.752" x2="-250.018" y2="962.752" gradientTransform="matrix(2.0492 0 0 -2.0492 590.04 2032.794)">
<stop offset="0" stop-color="#1F286F"></stop>
<stop offset=".475" stop-color="#004E94"></stop>
<stop offset=".826" stop-color="#0066B1"></stop>
<stop offset="1" stop-color="#006FBC"></stop>
</linearGradient>
<path id="path6371" fill="url(#path6371_1_)" d="M55.1 15c-8.2 0-15 6.7-15 15v37c4.2 2.1 8.6 3.4 12.9 3.4 5.2 0 8-3.1 8-7.4V45.5h12.9v17.4c0 6.8-4.2 12.3-18.5 12.3-8.7 0-15.4-1.9-15.4-1.9v31.6h22c8.2 0 15-6.7 15-15V15H55.1z"></path>
<linearGradient id="path6384_1_" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="-248.235" y1="962.712" x2="-230.398" y2="962.712" gradientTransform="matrix(2.0492 0 0 -2.0492 590.04 2032.794)">
<stop offset="0" stop-color="#6C2C2F"></stop>
<stop offset=".173" stop-color="#882730"></stop>
<stop offset=".573" stop-color="#BE1833"></stop>
<stop offset=".859" stop-color="#DC0436"></stop>
<stop offset="1" stop-color="#E60039"></stop>
</linearGradient>
<path id="path6384" fill="url(#path6384_1_)"
d="M96.6 15c-8.2 0-15 6.7-15 15v19.6c3.8-3.2 10.4-5.3 21-4.8 5.7.2 11.8 1.8 11.8 1.8V53c-3.1-1.6-6.7-3-11.4-3.3-8.1-.6-12.9 3.4-12.9 10.3 0 7 4.9 11 12.9 10.3 4.7-.3 8.3-1.8 11.4-3.3v6.3s-6 1.6-11.8 1.8c-10.6.5-17.2-1.6-21-4.8V105h22c8.2 0 15-6.7 15-15V15h-22z">
</path>
</svg>
<svg class="frb-cc-logo-discover" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-labelledby="frb-cc-logo-discover-title" viewBox="0 0 200 120">
<title id="frb-cc-logo-discover-title">Discover</title>
<path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M192.3 120H7.7c-4.2 0-7.7-3.5-7.7-7.7V7.7C0 3.5 3.5 0 7.7 0h184.6c4.2 0 7.7 3.5 7.7 7.7v104.7c0 4.1-3.5 7.6-7.7 7.6z"></path>
<path fill="#E77730" d="M47.5 120h144.8c4.2 0 7.7-3.5 7.7-7.7V64.6s-21.5 15.4-61.9 31C104 108.9 57 118.2 47.5 120z"></path>
<path fill="#211E1E"
d="M26.6 54.2c-1.8 1.6-4 2.3-7.6 2.3h-1.5V37.8H19c3.6 0 5.8.6 7.6 2.3 1.9 1.7 3.1 4.4 3.1 7 0 2.7-1.2 5.4-3.1 7.1m-6.5-21.3h-8.2v28.2H20c4.3 0 7.4-1 10.2-3.3 3.3-2.7 5.2-6.7 5.2-10.8 0-8.2-6.3-14.1-15.3-14.1M38 61.3h5.6V32.9H38v28.4zm19.1-17.5c-3.3-1.2-4.3-2-4.3-3.6 0-1.8 1.8-3.2 4.1-3.2 1.7 0 3 .7 4.5 2.3l2.9-3.8c-2.4-2.1-5.3-3.2-8.4-3.2-5.1 0-8.9 3.5-8.9 8.1 0 3.9 1.8 5.9 7 7.7 2.2.8 3.3 1.3 3.8 1.6 1.1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 2.9 0 2.3-1.9 4-4.3 4-2.7 0-4.8-1.3-6.1-3.8l-3.6 3.5c2.6 3.8 5.6 5.3 9.9 5.3 5.8 0 9.8-3.8 9.8-9.2.2-4.3-1.7-6.3-8.1-8.6m10 3.3c0 8.3 6.6 14.8 15.1 14.8 2.4 0 4.5-.5 7-1.7v-6.5c-2.2 2.2-4.2 3.1-6.7 3.1-5.6 0-9.6-4.1-9.6-9.7 0-5.4 4.1-9.7 9.3-9.7 2.7 0 4.7 1 7 3.2V34c-2.4-1.2-4.5-1.8-6.9-1.8-8.4.1-15.2 6.7-15.2 14.9m66.2 4.9l-7.6-19h-6.1l12.1 29h3l12.4-29h-6l-7.8 19m16.3 9.3h15.8v-4.8h-10.2v-7.7h9.8V44h-9.8v-6.2h10.2v-4.9h-15.8M176.3 46h-1.6v-8.5h1.7c3.5 0 5.4 1.4 5.4 4.2-.1 2.7-2 4.3-5.5 4.3m11.1-4.6c0-5.2-3.7-8.3-10.1-8.3H169v28.2h5.6V49.9h.7l7.7 11.4h6.9l-9-11.9c4.2-.9 6.5-3.8 6.5-8">
</path>
<path fill="#E77731" d="M121.2 47.1c0 8.2-6.8 15-15.1 15S91 55.3 91 47.1s6.8-15 15.1-15c8.4 0 15.1 6.8 15.1 15"></path>
<path fill="none" d="M106.3 32c-.6 0-1.2 0-1.8.1.2 0 .4 0 .6-.1.5.1.9.1 1.2 0h.8-.8M91.4 43.6c-.1.5-.2 1.1-.3 1.6 0 .2 0 .4-.1.5.1-.5.1-1 .2-1.5.1-.1.1-.3.2-.6"></path>
</svg>
</span>
</label>
</div>
<div data-name="PayPal" class="frb-button frb-pm-pp">
<input id="frb-pm-pp" type="radio" name="frb-methods" class="frb-radio" onchange="frb.setMethod({ method:'paypal' });">
<label for="frb-pm-pp" class="frb-label">
<svg class="frb-logo-payments frb-logo-payments--paypal" role="img" aria-labelledby="frb-logo-paypal-title" width="80" height="24" viewBox="0 0 80 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<title id="frb-logo-paypal-title">PayPal</title>
<g fill-rule="nonzero" fill="none">
<path
d="M12.444 5.085H6.97a.763.763 0 0 0-.752.648L4.006 19.891c-.044.279.17.53.451.53H7.07a.762.762 0 0 0 .751-.647l.597-3.819a.762.762 0 0 1 .75-.648h1.733c3.606 0 5.686-1.76 6.23-5.248.245-1.526.01-2.724-.698-3.564-.778-.922-2.158-1.41-3.99-1.41zm.631 5.171c-.3 1.981-1.8 1.981-3.25 1.981h-.826l.579-3.7a.457.457 0 0 1 .45-.388h.379c.988 0 1.92 0 2.402.569.288.339.376.842.266 1.538zM28.803 10.193h-2.62a.458.458 0 0 0-.451.388l-.116.74-.184-.269c-.567-.83-1.832-1.108-3.095-1.108-2.896 0-5.37 2.213-5.851 5.317-.25 1.548.105 3.029.976 4.061.799.95 1.941 1.345 3.301 1.345 2.334 0 3.628-1.513 3.628-1.513l-.117.734c-.044.281.17.533.45.533h2.36a.763.763 0 0 0 .752-.648l1.416-9.05a.457.457 0 0 0-.449-.53zm-3.653 5.145c-.253 1.51-1.441 2.525-2.957 2.525-.76 0-1.37-.246-1.76-.713-.387-.464-.534-1.123-.411-1.858.236-1.497 1.444-2.544 2.937-2.544.744 0 1.35.25 1.748.72.399.475.557 1.139.443 1.87zM42.761 10.193h-2.634a.761.761 0 0 0-.63.336l-3.632 5.398-1.54-5.187a.764.764 0 0 0-.73-.547h-2.587a.46.46 0 0 0-.433.608l2.9 8.588-2.726 3.884a.46.46 0 0 0 .372.727h2.63c.25 0 .483-.123.625-.33l8.76-12.755a.46.46 0 0 0-.375-.722"
fill="#283B82"></path>
<path
d="M51.48 5.085h-5.473a.762.762 0 0 0-.75.648l-2.214 14.158c-.044.279.17.53.45.53H46.3c.261 0 .485-.191.525-.453l.628-4.013a.762.762 0 0 1 .751-.648h1.732c3.606 0 5.686-1.76 6.23-5.248.246-1.526.01-2.724-.699-3.564-.777-.922-2.156-1.41-3.987-1.41zm.632 5.171c-.299 1.981-1.799 1.981-3.25 1.981h-.826l.58-3.7a.456.456 0 0 1 .45-.388h.379c.987 0 1.92 0 2.402.569.287.339.375.842.265 1.538zM67.84 10.193h-2.62a.455.455 0 0 0-.45.388l-.116.74-.184-.269c-.567-.83-1.832-1.108-3.094-1.108-2.897 0-5.37 2.213-5.851 5.317-.25 1.548.105 3.029.976 4.061.8.95 1.94 1.345 3.3 1.345 2.334 0 3.628-1.513 3.628-1.513l-.117.734c-.044.281.17.533.452.533h2.36a.762.762 0 0 0 .75-.648l1.417-9.05a.46.46 0 0 0-.452-.53zm-3.654 5.145c-.251 1.51-1.441 2.525-2.957 2.525-.76 0-1.37-.246-1.76-.713-.387-.464-.533-1.123-.41-1.858.237-1.497 1.444-2.544 2.936-2.544.744 0 1.35.25 1.748.72.4.475.56 1.139.443 1.87zM70.929 5.474L68.683 19.89c-.044.279.17.53.45.53h2.258a.761.761 0 0 0 .751-.647l2.215-14.157a.459.459 0 0 0-.45-.532H71.38a.458.458 0 0 0-.45.389"
fill="#469BDB"></path>
</g>
</svg>
</label>
</div>
<div data-name="Google Pay" class="frb-button frb-pm-google">
<input id="frb-pm-google" type="radio" name="frb-methods" class="frb-radio" onchange="frb.setMethod({ method:'google' });">
<label for="frb-pm-google" class="frb-label">
<svg class="frb-logo-payments frb-logo-payments--google" role="img" aria-labelledby="frb-logo-google-title" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="170.7 170 752 400" height="24">
<title id="frb-logo-google-title">Google Pay</title>
<path fill="#FFF" d="M722.7 170h-352c-110 0-200 90-200 200s90 200 200 200h352c110 0 200-90 200-200s-90-200-200-200z"></path>
<path fill="#3C4043"
d="M722.7 186.2c24.7 0 48.7 4.9 71.3 14.5 21.9 9.3 41.5 22.6 58.5 39.5 16.9 16.9 30.2 36.6 39.5 58.5 9.6 22.6 14.5 46.6 14.5 71.3s-4.9 48.7-14.5 71.3c-9.3 21.9-22.6 41.5-39.5 58.5-16.9 16.9-36.6 30.2-58.5 39.5-22.6 9.6-46.6 14.5-71.3 14.5h-352c-24.7 0-48.7-4.9-71.3-14.5-21.9-9.3-41.5-22.6-58.5-39.5-16.9-16.9-30.2-36.6-39.5-58.5-9.6-22.6-14.5-46.6-14.5-71.3s4.9-48.7 14.5-71.3c9.3-21.9 22.6-41.5 39.5-58.5 16.9-16.9 36.6-30.2 58.5-39.5 22.6-9.6 46.6-14.5 71.3-14.5h352m0-16.2h-352c-110 0-200 90-200 200s90 200 200 200h352c110 0 200-90 200-200s-90-200-200-200z">
</path>
<g fill="#3C4043">
<path
d="M529.3 384.2v60.5h-19.2V295.3H561c12.9 0 23.9 4.3 32.9 12.9 9.2 8.6 13.8 19.1 13.8 31.5 0 12.7-4.6 23.2-13.8 31.7-8.9 8.5-19.9 12.7-32.9 12.7h-31.7v.1zm0-70.5v52.1h32.1c7.6 0 14-2.6 19-7.7 5.1-5.1 7.7-11.3 7.7-18.3 0-6.9-2.6-13-7.7-18.1-5-5.3-11.3-7.9-19-7.9h-32.1v-.1zM657.9 339.1c14.2 0 25.4 3.8 33.6 11.4 8.2 7.6 12.3 18 12.3 31.2v63h-18.3v-14.2h-.8c-7.9 11.7-18.5 17.5-31.7 17.5-11.3 0-20.7-3.3-28.3-10s-11.4-15-11.4-25c0-10.6 4-19 12-25.2 8-6.3 18.7-9.4 32-9.4 11.4 0 20.8 2.1 28.1 6.3v-4.4c0-6.7-2.6-12.3-7.9-17-5.3-4.7-11.5-7-18.6-7-10.7 0-19.2 4.5-25.4 13.6l-16.9-10.6c9.3-13.5 23.1-20.2 41.3-20.2zm-24.8 74.2c0 5 2.1 9.2 6.4 12.5 4.2 3.3 9.2 5 14.9 5 8.1 0 15.3-3 21.6-9s9.5-13 9.5-21.1c-6-4.7-14.3-7.1-25-7.1-7.8 0-14.3 1.9-19.5 5.6-5.3 3.9-7.9 8.6-7.9 14.1zM808.2 342.4l-64 147.2h-19.8l23.8-51.5-42.2-95.7h20.9l30.4 73.4h.4l29.6-73.4h20.9z">
</path>
</g>
<path fill="#4285F4" d="M452.93 372c0-6.26-.56-12.25-1.6-18.01h-80.48v33l46.35.01c-1.88 10.98-7.93 20.34-17.2 26.58v21.41h27.59c16.11-14.91 25.34-36.95 25.34-62.99z"></path>
<path fill="#34A853" d="M400.01 413.58c-7.68 5.18-17.57 8.21-29.14 8.21-22.35 0-41.31-15.06-48.1-35.36h-28.46v22.08c14.1 27.98 43.08 47.18 76.56 47.18 23.14 0 42.58-7.61 56.73-20.71l-27.59-21.4z"></path>
<path fill="#FABB05" d="M320.09 370.05c0-5.7.95-11.21 2.68-16.39v-22.08h-28.46c-5.83 11.57-9.11 24.63-9.11 38.47s3.29 26.9 9.11 38.47l28.46-22.08a51.657 51.657 0 0 1-2.68-16.39z"></path>
<path fill="#E94235" d="M370.87 318.3c12.63 0 23.94 4.35 32.87 12.85l24.45-24.43c-14.85-13.83-34.21-22.32-57.32-22.32-33.47 0-62.46 19.2-76.56 47.18l28.46 22.08c6.79-20.3 25.75-35.36 48.1-35.36z"></path>
</svg>
</label>
</div>
</div>
</fieldset>
<fieldset class="frb-continue">
<button class="frb-submit" id="frb-continue">
<span class="frb-submit-txt">
<span class="frb-submit-txt-continue">Continue</span>
<span class="frb-submit-txt-donate">
<span class="frb-submit-txt-once">Donate <span class="frb-ptf-total frb-replaced"></span> one time</span>
<span class="frb-submit-txt-monthly">Donate <span class="frb-ptf-total frb-replaced"></span> monthly</span>
</span>
</span>
</button>
</fieldset>
<div class="frb-error frb-error-smallamount">Please select an amount (minimum $1.35)</div>
<div class="frb-error frb-error-bigamount">We cannot accept donations greater than 33750 CAD through our website. Please contact our major gifts staff at benefactors@wikimedia.org.</div>
<div class="frb-error frb-error-method">Please select a payment method</div>
<button class="frb-rml-link"> Maybe later </button>
</div>
<div class="frb-step frb-step-optin">
<button class="frb-icon-btn frb-back" aria-label="Back"></button>
<fieldset class="frb-fieldset frb-optin">
<legend> Can we follow up and let you know if we need your help again? <span class="frb-explanation">The support and advice we get from donors in <span class="frb-replace-countryname">Canada</span> is priceless, but many donors don't let us
stay in touch. Will you commit today, this <span class="frb-replace-dayofweek">Sunday</span>, to staying in touch with the Wikimedia Foundation?</span>
</legend>
<ul>
<li class="frb-button">
<input class="frb-optin frb-radio" type="radio" name="opt_in" id="frb-optin-yes" value="1">
<label class="frb-label" for="frb-optin-yes">Yes</label>
</li>
<li class="frb-button">
<input class="frb-optin frb-radio" type="radio" name="opt_in" id="frb-optin-no" value="0">
<label class="frb-label" for="frb-optin-no">No</label>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="frb-optin-no-prompt">
<div class="frb-optin-no-prompt__no">Sorry to hear that. We don't email often; would you consider changing your mind?</div>
<div class="frb-optin-no-prompt__yes">Thanks for changing your mind! We’ll respect your inbox.</div>
</div>
<div class="frb-optin-smallprint frb-smallprint"> Your information is handled in accordance with our
<a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:LandingCheck?basic=true&landing_page=Donor_privacy_policy&language=en" target="_blank">donor privacy policy</a>, and each email you receive will include easy unsubscribe options.
</div>
</fieldset>
<button id="frb-donate" class="frb-submit">
<span class="frb-submit-txt">Continue</span>
</button>
<div class="frb-error frb-error-optin">Please select an email option</div>
</div>
<div class="frb-step frb-step-upsell">
<button class="frb-icon-btn frb-back" aria-label="Back"></button>
<div class="frb-upsell">
<p class="frb-upsell-cta">Why not make it <span class="frb-upsell-ask frb-replaced"></span> monthly?</p>
<p class="frb-upsell-color">Monthly support is the best way to ensure that Wikipedia keeps thriving.</p>
</div>
<div class="frb-monthly-buttons">
<button id="frb-monthly-donate-no" class="frb-submit active">
<span class="frb-submit-txt">No thanks! I'll make a one-time donation of <span class="frb-ptf-total frb-replaced"></span></span>
</button>
<button id="frb-monthly-donate-yes" class="frb-submit active">
<span class="frb-submit-txt">Yes, I'll donate <span class="frb-upsell-ask frb-replaced"></span> each month</span>
</button>
</div>
<button class="frb-monthly-diff-amt-link">Yes, I'll donate monthly, but for a different amount</button>
</div>
<div class="frb-step frb-step-monthly-diff-amt">
<button class="frb-icon-btn frb-back" aria-label="Back"></button>
<p class="frb-upsell-ty">Thank you for your support!</p>
<div class="frb-amt-monthly">
<label for="frb-amt-monthly-other-input">Enter your monthly donation amount</label>
<input name="otherMonthlyAmount" type="text" inputmode="decimal" id="frb-amt-monthly-other-input" size="3" autocomplete="off" value="">
</div>
<div class="frb-error frb-error-smallamount">Please select an amount (minimum $1.35)</div>
<div class="frb-error frb-error-bigamount">We cannot accept donations greater than 33750 CAD through our website. Please contact our major gifts staff at benefactors@wikimedia.org.</div>
<button id="frb-donate-monthly-other" class="frb-submit">
<span class="frb-submit-txt">Donate <span class="frb-monthly-total"></span> monthly</span>
</button>
</div>
</form>POST https://www.pages04.net/wikimedia/remind/Form?sp_source=B2324_120917_en6C_dsk_p1_lg_acr_165C
<form method="post" action="https://www.pages04.net/wikimedia/remind/Form?sp_source=B2324_120917_en6C_dsk_p1_lg_acr_165C" class="frb-rml-form" id="frb-rml-form">
<input type="hidden" name="formSourceName" value="StandardForm">
<input type="hidden" name="sp_exp" value="yes">
<input type="hidden" name="rml_source" value="B2324_120917_en6C_dsk_p1_lg_acr_165C">
<input type="hidden" name="rml_group" value="dsk_lg">
<input type="hidden" name="rml_country" value="CA">
<input type="hidden" name="rml_language" value="en">
<input type="hidden" name="rml_submitDate" value="12/10/2023">
<input type="hidden" name="rml_segment" value="11">
<label class="frb-rml-form-legend" for="frb-rml-email">Send me an email reminder</label>
<input type="email" name="Email" id="frb-rml-email" placeholder="Email address" dir="ltr" autocomplete="email">
<button class="frb-btn-submit" id="frb-rml-submit" type="submit" tabindex="0">Submit</button>
<div class="frb-error frb-error-invalidemail" style="display: none;"> Please enter a valid email address i.e. name@domain.com </div>
</form>Text Content
Jump to content
Main menu
Main menu
move to sidebar hide
Navigation
* Main page
* Contents
* Current events
* Random article
* About Wikipedia
* Contact us
* Donate
Contribute
* Help
* Learn to edit
* Community portal
* Recent changes
* Upload file
Languages
Language links are at the top of the page across from the title.
Search
Search
* Create account
* Log in
Personal tools
* Create account
* Log in
Pages for logged out editors learn more
* Contributions
* Talk
Thank you, dear donor!
Your generosity helps keep Wikipedia and its sister sites thriving. Select "hide
appeals" to suppress fundraising messages in this browser for a week, or go back
to the appeal if you're still interested in donating.
Hide appeals for a week Back to appeal
Wikipedia still can't be sold.
December 10: An important update for readers in Canada
Please don't scroll past this 1-minute read. We're sorry to interrupt, but it's
Sunday, December 10, and it will soon be too late to help us in our end-of-year
fundraiser. We ask you to reflect on how often you visited Wikipedia in the past
year and if you can give $2.75 to the Wikimedia Foundation. If everyone reading
this right now gave just $2.75, we'd hit our goal in a couple of hours.
In the age of AI, access to impartial, verifiable facts is crucial. Wikipedia
matters more than ever as a reliable source for emerging technologies – and you.
Your contributions support how you and other readers use Wikipedia now, and how
revolutionary new systems will utilize it tomorrow.
Reflect on the usefulness of Wikipedia in your life, and if the knowledge you
gained here was valuable, please give $2.75. Every contribution matters: every
edit, every donation counts.
Proud host of Wikipedia and its sister sites
How often would you like to donate?
* One time
* Give monthly
Please select an amount (CAD)
The average donation in Canada is around $12.
* $2.75
* $10
* $15
* $25
* $50
* $75
* $100
* Other amount Other
I'll generously add a little to cover the transaction fees so you can keep 100%
of my donation.
Please select a payment method
Credit/Debit Card Visa MasterCard Amex JCB Discover
PayPal
Google Pay
Continue Donate one time Donate monthly
Please select an amount (minimum $1.35)
We cannot accept donations greater than 33750 CAD through our website. Please
contact our major gifts staff at benefactors@wikimedia.org.
Please select a payment method
Maybe later
Can we follow up and let you know if we need your help again? The support and
advice we get from donors in Canada is priceless, but many donors don't let us
stay in touch. Will you commit today, this Sunday, to staying in touch with the
Wikimedia Foundation?
* Yes
* No
Sorry to hear that. We don't email often; would you consider changing your mind?
Thanks for changing your mind! We’ll respect your inbox.
Your information is handled in accordance with our donor privacy policy, and
each email you receive will include easy unsubscribe options.
Continue
Please select an email option
Why not make it monthly?
Monthly support is the best way to ensure that Wikipedia keeps thriving.
No thanks! I'll make a one-time donation of Yes, I'll donate each month
Yes, I'll donate monthly, but for a different amount
Thank you for your support!
Enter your monthly donation amount
Please select an amount (minimum $1.35)
We cannot accept donations greater than 33750 CAD through our website. Please
contact our major gifts staff at benefactors@wikimedia.org.
Donate monthly
Thank you! We will send you a reminder email.
Send me an email reminder Submit
Please enter a valid email address i.e. name@domain.com
← Back
Close
Problems donating? | Other ways to give | Frequently asked questions | We never
sell your information. By submitting, you are agreeing to our donor privacy
policy and to sharing your information with the Wikimedia Foundation and its
service providers in the U.S. and elsewhere. We never sell your information. By
submitting, you are agreeing to our donor privacy policy. The Wikimedia
Foundation is a nonprofit, tax-exempt organization. We never sell your
information. By submitting, you are agreeing to our donor privacy policy and to
sharing your information with the Wikimedia Foundation and its service providers
in the U.S. and elsewhere. The Wikimedia Foundation is a nonprofit, tax-exempt
organization. If you make a recurring donation, you will be debited by the
Wikimedia Foundation until you notify us to stop. We’ll send you an email which
will include a link to easy cancellation instructions.
I already donated
Sorry to interrupt, but time will soon run out for you to give in 2023. Please,
donate $2.75.
No, but maybe later when I have more time Yes, I'll donate $2.75
CONTENTS
move to sidebar hide
* (Top)
* 1History
Toggle History subsection
* 1.1Early years
* 1.2Growth
* 1.3Initial public offering
* 1.42012 onward
* 2Products and services
Toggle Products and services subsection
* 2.1Search engine
* 2.2Advertising
* 2.3Consumer services
* 2.3.1Web-based services
* 2.3.2Software
* 2.3.3Hardware
* 2.4Enterprise services
* 2.5Internet services
* 2.6Financial services
* 3Corporate affairs
Toggle Corporate affairs subsection
* 3.1Stock price performance and quarterly earnings
* 3.2Tax avoidance strategies
* 3.3Corporate identity
* 3.4Workplace culture
* 3.5Office locations
* 3.5.1North America
* 3.5.2Latin America
* 3.5.3Europe
* 3.5.4Asia-Pacific
* 3.5.5Africa and the Middle East
* 3.6Infrastructure
* 3.7Environment
* 3.7.1Climate change denial and misinformation
* 3.8Philanthropy
* 4Criticism and controversies
Toggle Criticism and controversies subsection
* 4.12018
* 4.22019
* 4.32022
* 4.42023
* 4.5Racially-targeted surveillance
* 4.6Anti-trust, privacy, and other litigation
* 4.6.1Fines and lawsuits
* 4.6.1.1European Union
* 4.6.1.2France
* 4.6.1.3United States
* 4.6.2Private browsing lawsuit
* 4.6.3Gender discrimination lawsuit
* 4.6.4U.S. government contracts
* 5See also
* 6Notes
* 7References
* 8Further reading
* 9External links
Toggle the table of contents
GOOGLE
166 languages
* Afrikaans
* አማርኛ
* Ænglisc
* العربية
* অসমীয়া
* Asturianu
* Azərbaycanca
* تۆرکجه
* Basa Bali
* Bamanankan
* বাংলা
* Banjar
* Bân-lâm-gú
* Беларуская
* Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
* भोजपुरी
* Bikol Central
* Български
* Boarisch
* བོད་ཡིག
* Bosanski
* Brezhoneg
* Català
* Чӑвашла
* Cebuano
* Čeština
* Cymraeg
* Dansk
* الدارجة
* Deutsch
* ދިވެހިބަސް
* Dolnoserbski
* डोटेली
* Eesti
* Ελληνικά
* Español
* Esperanto
* Euskara
* فارسی
* Føroyskt
* Français
* Gaeilge
* Galego
* 贛語
* ગુજરાતી
* 客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî
* 한국어
* Hausa
* Հայերեն
* हिन्दी
* Hornjoserbsce
* Hrvatski
* Bahasa Hulontalo
* Ido
* Igbo
* Bahasa Indonesia
* Interlingua
* IsiZulu
* Íslenska
* Italiano
* עברית
* Jawa
* Kabɩyɛ
* ಕನ್ನಡ
* ქართული
* Қазақша
* Ikirundi
* Kreyòl ayisyen
* Kurdî
* Кыргызча
* ລາວ
* Latina
* Latviešu
* Lietuvių
* Ligure
* Magyar
* मैथिली
* Македонски
* Malagasy
* മലയാളം
* Māori
* मराठी
* მარგალური
* مصرى
* مازِرونی
* Bahasa Melayu
* ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ
* Minangkabau
* 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄
* Монгол
* မြန်မာဘာသာ
* Nāhuatl
* Nederlands
* नेपाली
* 日本語
* ߒߞߏ
* Norsk bokmål
* Norsk nynorsk
* Occitan
* Олык марий
* ଓଡ଼ିଆ
* Oromoo
* Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча
* ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
* Pangasinan
* Pangcah
* پنجابی
* پښتو
* ភាសាខ្មែរ
* Piemontèis
* Plattdüütsch
* Polski
* Português
* Qaraqalpaqsha
* Română
* Runa Simi
* Русский
* Саха тыла
* ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ
* Scots
* Shqip
* Sicilianu
* සිංහල
* Simple English
* سنڌي
* Slovenčina
* Slovenščina
* Soomaaliga
* کوردی
* Српски / srpski
* Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
* Sunda
* Suomi
* Svenska
* Tagalog
* தமிழ்
* Taclḥit
* Татарча / tatarça
* తెలుగు
* Tetun
* ไทย
* Thuɔŋjäŋ
* ትግርኛ
* Тоҷикӣ
* ತುಳು
* Türkçe
* Türkmençe
* Tyap
* Українська
* اردو
* ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche
* Vahcuengh
* Vèneto
* Tiếng Việt
* Walon
* 文言
* West-Vlams
* Winaray
* 吴语
* ייִדיש
* Yorùbá
* 粵語
* Zazaki
* Zeêuws
* Žemaitėška
* 中文
157 more
Edit links
* Article
* Talk
English
* Read
* View source
* View history
Tools
Tools
move to sidebar hide
Actions
* Read
* View source
* View history
General
* What links here
* Related changes
* Upload file
* Special pages
* Permanent link
* Page information
* Cite this page
* Get shortened URL
* Wikidata item
* Edit interlanguage links
Print/export
* Download as PDF
* Printable version
In other projects
* Wikimedia Commons
* Meta-Wiki
* Wikiquote
* Wikiversity
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
American multinational technology company
For the parent company with the stock tickers GOOG and GOOGL, see Alphabet Inc.
This article is about the company. For the search engine provided by the
company, see Google Search. For other uses, see Google (disambiguation).
It has been suggested that Google AI be merged into this article. (Discuss)
Proposed since May 2023.
Google LLC
The Google logo used since 2015
Google's headquarters, the Googleplex
FormerlyGoogle Inc. (1998–2017)TypeSubsidiaryIndustry
* Internet
* Cloud computing
* Computer software
* Computer hardware
* Artificial intelligence
* Advertising
FoundedSeptember 4, 1998; 25 years ago (1998-09-04)[a] in Menlo Park,
California, United StatesFounders
* Larry Page
* Sergey Brin
HeadquartersGoogleplex,
Mountain View, California
,
U.S.
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
* Sundar Pichai (CEO)
* Ruth Porat (CFO)
* Thomas Kurian (CEO of Google Cloud)
Products
* Search
* Workspace
* Android
* Waze
* Pixel
* Nest
* Full list
Number of employees
139,995 (2021) ParentAlphabet Inc.Subsidiaries
* Adscape
* Android
* DeepMind
* Endoxon
* FeedBurner
* Fitbit
* ImageAmerica
* Kaltix
* Nest Labs
* YouTube
* ZipDash
ASN
* 15169
Websiteabout.googleFootnotes / references
[5][6][7][8]
Then Chairman and CEO Eric Schmidt (left) with co-founders Sergey Brin (center)
and Larry Page (right) in 2008
Google LLC (/ˈɡuːɡəl/ ⓘ) is an American multinational technology company
focusing on artificial intelligence,[9] online advertising, search engine
technology, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce,
and consumer electronics. It has been referred to as "the most powerful company
in the world"[10] and as one of the world's most valuable brands due to its
market dominance, data collection, and technological advantages in the field of
artificial intelligence.[11][12][13] Alongside Amazon, Apple Inc., Meta, and
Microsoft, Google's parent company Alphabet Inc. is one of the five Big Tech
companies.
Google was founded on September 4, 1998, by American computer scientists Larry
Page and Sergey Brin while they were PhD students at Stanford University in
California. Together they own about 14% of its publicly listed shares and
control 56% of its stockholder voting power through super-voting stock. The
company went public via an initial public offering (IPO) in 2004. In 2015,
Google was reorganized as a wholly owned subsidiary of Alphabet Inc. Google is
Alphabet's largest subsidiary and is a holding company for Alphabet's internet
properties and interests. Sundar Pichai was appointed CEO of Google on October
24, 2015, replacing Larry Page, who became the CEO of Alphabet. On December 3,
2019, Pichai also became the CEO of Alphabet.[14]
The company has since rapidly grown to offer a multitude of products and
services beyond Google Search, many of which hold dominant market positions.
These products address a wide range of use cases, including email (Gmail),
navigation (Waze & Maps), cloud computing (Cloud), web browsing (Chrome), video
sharing (YouTube), productivity (Workspace), operating systems (Android), cloud
storage (Drive), language translation (Translate), photo storage (Photos), video
calling (Meet), smart home (Nest), smartphones (Pixel), wearable technology
(Pixel Watch & Fitbit), music streaming (YouTube Music), video on demand
(YouTube TV), artificial intelligence (Google Assistant & Bard), machine
learning APIs (TensorFlow), AI chips (TPU), and more. Discontinued Google
products include gaming (Stadia), Glass, Google+, Reader, Play Music, Nexus,
Hangouts, and Inbox by Gmail.[15][16]
Google's other ventures outside of Internet services and consumer electronics
include quantum computing (Sycamore), self-driving cars (Waymo, formerly the
Google Self-Driving Car Project), smart cities (Sidewalk Labs), and transformer
models (Google Deepmind).[17]
Google and YouTube are the two most visited websites worldwide followed by
Facebook and X (formerly known as Twitter). Google is also the largest search
engine, mapping and navigation application, email provider, office suite, video
sharing platform, photo and cloud storage provider, mobile operating system, web
browser, ML framework, and AI virtual assistant provider in the world as
measured by market share. On the list of most valuable brands, Google is ranked
second by Forbes[18] and fourth by Interbrand.[19] It has received significant
criticism involving issues such as privacy concerns, tax avoidance, censorship,
search neutrality, antitrust and abuse of its monopoly position.
HISTORY
Main articles: History of Google and List of mergers and acquisitions by
Alphabet
See also: Alphabet Inc.
EARLY YEARS
Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 2003
Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin
when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in
California.[20][21][22] The project initially involved an unofficial "third
founder", Scott Hassan, the original lead programmer who wrote much of the code
for the original Google Search engine, but he left before Google was officially
founded as a company;[23][24] Hassan went on to pursue a career in robotics and
founded the company Willow Garage in 2006.[25][26]
While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the
search terms appeared on the page, they theorized about a better system that
analyzed the relationships among websites.[27] They called this algorithm
PageRank; it determined a website's relevance by the number of pages, and the
importance of those pages that linked back to the original site.[28][29] Page
told his ideas to Hassan, who began writing the code to implement Page's
ideas.[23]
Page and Brin originally nicknamed the new search engine "BackRub", because the
system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site.[20][30][31]
Hassan as well as Alan Steremberg were cited by Page and Brin as being critical
to the development of Google. Rajeev Motwani and Terry Winograd later
co-authored with Page and Brin the first paper about the project, describing
PageRank and the initial prototype of the Google search engine, published in
1998. Héctor García-Molina and Jeff Ullman were also cited as contributors to
the project.[32] PageRank was influenced by a similar page-ranking and
site-scoring algorithm earlier used for RankDex, developed by Robin Li in 1996,
with Larry Page's PageRank patent including a citation to Li's earlier RankDex
patent; Li later went on to create the Chinese search engine Baidu.[33][34]
Eventually, they changed the name to Google; the name of the search engine was a
misspelling of the word googol,[20][35][36] a very large number written 10100 (1
followed by 100 zeros), picked to signify that the search engine was intended to
provide large quantities of information.[37]
Google's original homepage had a simple design because the company founders had
little experience in HTML, the markup language used for designing web pages.[38]
Google was initially funded by an August 1998 investment of $100,000 from Andy
Bechtolsheim,[20] co-founder of Sun Microsystems. This initial investment served
as a motivation to incorporate the company to be able to use the funds.[39][40]
Page and Brin initially approached David Cheriton for advice because he had a
nearby office in Stanford, and they knew he had startup experience, having
recently sold the company he co-founded, Granite Systems, to Cisco for $220
million. David arranged a meeting with Page and Brin and his Granite co-founder
Andy Bechtolsheim. The meeting was set for 8 a.m. at the front porch of David's
home in Palo Alto and it had to be brief because Andy had another meeting at
Cisco, where he now worked after the acquisition, at 9 a.m. Andy briefly tested
a demo of the website, liked what he saw, and then went back to his car to grab
the check. David Cheriton later also joined in with a $250,000
investment.[41][42]
Google received money from two other angel investors in 1998: Amazon.com founder
Jeff Bezos, and entrepreneur Ram Shriram.[43] Page and Brin had first approached
Shriram, who was a venture capitalist, for funding and counsel, and Shriram
invested $250,000 in Google in February 1998. Shriram knew Bezos because Amazon
had acquired Junglee, at which Shriram was the president. It was Shriram who
told Bezos about Google. Bezos asked Shriram to meet Google's founders and they
met six months after Shriram had made his investment when Bezos and his wife
were on a vacation trip to the Bay Area. Google's initial funding round had
already formally closed but Bezos' status as CEO of Amazon was enough to
persuade Page and Brin to extend the round and accept his investment.[44][45]
Between these initial investors, friends, and family Google raised around
$1,000,000, which is what allowed them to open up their original shop in Menlo
Park, California.[46] Craig Silverstein, a fellow PhD student at Stanford, was
hired as the first employee.[22][47][48]
After some additional, small investments through the end of 1998 to early
1999,[43] a new $25 million round of funding was announced on June 7, 1999,[49]
with major investors including the venture capital firms Kleiner Perkins and
Sequoia Capital.[40] Both firms were initially reticent about investing jointly
in Google, as each wanted to retain a larger percentage of control over the
company to themselves. Larry and Sergey however insisted in taking investments
from both. Both venture companies finally agreed to investing jointly $12.5
million each due to their belief in Google's great potential and through the
mediation of earlier angel investors Ron Conway and Ram Shriram who had contacts
in the venture companies.[50]
GROWTH
In March 1999, the company moved its offices to Palo Alto, California,[51] which
is home to several prominent Silicon Valley technology start-ups.[52] The next
year, Google began selling advertisements associated with search keywords
against Page and Brin's initial opposition toward an advertising-funded search
engine.[53][22] To maintain an uncluttered page design, advertisements were
solely text-based.[54] In June 2000, it was announced that Google would become
the default search engine provider for Yahoo!, one of the most popular websites
at the time, replacing Inktomi.[55][56]
Google's first production server[57]
In 2003, after outgrowing two other locations, the company leased an office
complex from Silicon Graphics, at 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway in Mountain View,
California.[58] The complex became known as the Googleplex, a play on the word
googolplex, the number one followed by a googol of zeroes. Three years later,
Google bought the property from SGI for $319 million.[59] By that time, the name
"Google" had found its way into everyday language, causing the verb "google" to
be added to the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English
Dictionary, denoted as: "to use the Google search engine to obtain information
on the Internet".[60][61] The first use of the verb on television appeared in an
October 2002 episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer.[62]
Additionally, in 2001 Google's investors felt the need to have a strong internal
management, and they agreed to hire Eric Schmidt as the chairman and CEO of
Google.[46] Eric was proposed by John Doerr from Kleiner Perkins. He had been
trying to find a CEO that Sergey and Larry would accept for several months, but
they rejected several candidates because they wanted to retain control over the
company. Michael Moritz from Sequoia Capital at one point even menaced
requesting Google to immediately pay back Sequoia's $12.5m investment if they
did not fulfill their promise to hire a chief executive officer, which had been
made verbally during investment negotiations. Eric was not initially
enthusiastic about joining Google either, as the company's full potential had
not yet been widely recognized at the time, and as he was occupied with his
responsibilities at Novell where he was CEO. As part of him joining, Eric agreed
to buy $1 million of Google preferred stocks as a way to show his commitment and
to provide funds Google needed.[63]
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
On August 19, 2004, Google became a public company via an initial public
offering. At that time Larry Page, Sergey Brin, and Eric Schmidt agreed to work
together at Google for 20 years, until the year 2024.[64] The company offered
19,605,052 shares at a price of $85 per share.[65][66] Shares were sold in an
online auction format using a system built by Morgan Stanley and Credit Suisse,
underwriters for the deal.[67][68] The sale of $1.67 billion gave Google a
market capitalization of more than $23 billion.[69]
Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google from 2001 to 2011
On November 13, 2006, Google acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google
stock,[70][71][72][73] On March 11, 2008, Google acquired DoubleClick for
$3.1 billion, transferring to Google valuable relationships that DoubleClick had
with Web publishers and advertising agencies.[74][75]
By 2011, Google was handling approximately 3 billion searches per day. To handle
this workload, Google built 11 data centers around the world with several
thousand servers in each. These data centers allowed Google to handle the
ever-changing workload more efficiently.[46]
In May 2011, the number of monthly unique visitors to Google surpassed one
billion for the first time.[76][77]
In May 2012, Google acquired Motorola Mobility for $12.5 billion, in its largest
acquisition to date.[78][79][80] This purchase was made in part to help Google
gain Motorola's considerable patent portfolio on mobile phones and wireless
technologies, to help protect Google in its ongoing patent disputes with other
companies,[81] mainly Apple and Microsoft,[82] and to allow it to continue to
freely offer Android.[83]
2012 ONWARD
In June 2013, Google acquired Waze, a $966 million deal.[84] While Waze would
remain an independent entity, its social features, such as its crowdsourced
location platform, were reportedly valuable integrations between Waze and Google
Maps, Google's own mapping service.[85]
Google announced the launch of a new company, called Calico, on September 19,
2013, to be led by Apple Inc. chairman Arthur Levinson. In the official public
statement, Page explained that the "health and well-being" company would focus
on "the challenge of ageing and associated diseases".[86]
Entrance of building where Google and its subsidiary Deep Mind are located at 6
Pancras Square, London
On January 26, 2014, Google announced it had agreed to acquire DeepMind
Technologies, a privately held artificial intelligence company from London.[87]
Technology news website Recode reported that the company was purchased for $400
million, yet the source of the information was not disclosed. A Google
spokesperson declined to comment on the price.[88][89] The purchase of DeepMind
aids in Google's recent growth in the artificial intelligence and robotics
community.[90] In 2015, DeepMind's AlphaGo became the first computer program to
defeat a top human pro at the game of Go.
According to Interbrand's annual Best Global Brands report, Google has been the
second most valuable brand in the world (behind Apple Inc.) in 2013,[91]
2014,[92] 2015,[93] and 2016, with a valuation of $133 billion.[94]
On August 10, 2015, Google announced plans to reorganize its various interests
as a conglomerate named Alphabet Inc. Google became Alphabet's largest
subsidiary and the umbrella company for Alphabet's Internet interests. Upon
completion of the restructuring, Sundar Pichai became CEO of Google, replacing
Larry Page, who became CEO of Alphabet.[95][96][97]
Current Google CEO, Sundar Pichai, with Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi
On August 8, 2017, Google fired employee James Damore after he distributed a
memo throughout the company that argued bias and "Google's Ideological Echo
Chamber" clouded their thinking about diversity and inclusion, and that it is
also biological factors, not discrimination alone, that cause the average woman
to be less interested than men in technical positions.[98] Google CEO Sundar
Pichai accused Damore of violating company policy by "advancing harmful gender
stereotypes in our workplace", and he was fired on the same day.[99][100][101]
Between 2018 and 2019, tensions between the company's leadership and its workers
escalated as staff protested company decisions on internal sexual harassment,
Dragonfly, a censored Chinese search engine, and Project Maven, a military drone
artificial intelligence, which had been seen as areas of revenue growth for the
company.[102][103] On October 25, 2018, The New York Times published the exposé,
"How Google Protected Andy Rubin, the 'Father of Android'". The company
subsequently announced that "48 employees have been fired over the last two
years" for sexual misconduct.[104] On November 1, 2018, more than 20,000 Google
employees and contractors staged a global walk-out to protest the company's
handling of sexual harassment complaints.[105][106] CEO Sundar Pichai was
reported to be in support of the protests.[107] Later in 2019, some workers
accused the company of retaliating against internal activists.[103]
On March 19, 2019, Google announced that it would enter the video game market,
launching a cloud gaming platform called Google Stadia.[108]
On June 3, 2019, the United States Department of Justice reported that it would
investigate Google for antitrust violations.[109] This led to the filing of an
antitrust lawsuit in October 2020, on the grounds the company had abused a
monopoly position in the search and search advertising markets.[110]
In December 2019, former PayPal chief operating officer Bill Ready became
Google's new commerce chief. Ready's role will not be directly involved with
Google Pay.[111]
In April 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Google announced several
cost-cutting measures. Such measures included slowing down hiring for the
remainder of 2020, except for a small number of strategic areas, recalibrating
the focus and pace of investments in areas like data centers and machines, and
non-business essential marketing and travel.[112] Most employees were also
working from home due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the success of it even led to
Google announcing that they would be permanently converting some of their jobs
to work from home [113]
The 2020 Google services outages disrupted Google services: one in August that
affected Google Drive among others, another in November affecting YouTube, and a
third in December affecting the entire suite of Google applications. All three
outages were resolved within hours.[114][115][116]
In 2021, the Alphabet Workers Union was founded, composed mostly of Google
employees.[117]
In January 2021, the Australian Government proposed legislation that would
require Google and Facebook to pay media companies for the right to use their
content. In response, Google threatened to close off access to its search engine
in Australia.[118]
In March 2021, Google reportedly paid $20 million for Ubisoft ports on Google
Stadia.[119] Google spent "tens of millions of dollars" on getting major
publishers such as Ubisoft and Take-Two to bring some of their biggest games to
Stadia.[120]
In April 2021, The Wall Street Journal reported that Google ran a years-long
program called "Project Bernanke" that used data from past advertising bids to
gain an advantage over competing for ad services. This was revealed in documents
concerning the antitrust lawsuit filed by ten US states against Google in
December.[121]
In September 2021, the Australian government announced plans to curb Google's
capability to sell targeted ads, claiming that the company has a monopoly on the
market harming publishers, advertisers, and consumers.[122]
In 2022, Google began accepting requests for the removal of phone numbers,
physical addresses and email addresses from its search results. It had
previously accepted requests for removing confidential data only, such as Social
Security numbers, bank account and credit card numbers, personal signatures, and
medical records. Even with the new policy, Google may remove information from
only certain but not all search queries. It would not remove content that is
"broadly useful", such as news articles, or already part of the public
record.[123]
In May 2022, Google announced that the company had acquired California based,
MicroLED display technology development and manufacturing Start-up Raxium.
Raxium is set to join Google's Devices and Services team to aid in the
development of micro-optics, monolithic integration, and system
integration.[124][125]
In early 2023, following the success of ChatGPT and concerns that Google was
falling behind in the AI race, Google's senior management issued a "code red"
and a "directive that all of its most important products—those with more than a
billion users—must incorporate generative AI within months".[126]
In early May 2023, Google announced its plans to build two additional data
centers in Ohio. These centers, which will be built in Columbus and Lancaster,
will power up the company's tools, including AI technology. The said data hub
will add to the already operational center near Columbus, bringing Google's
total investment in Ohio to over $2 billion.[127]
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
Main article: List of Google products
SEARCH ENGINE
Main articles: Google Search and Google Images
Google indexes billions of web pages to allow users to search for the
information they desire through the use of keywords and operators.[128]
According to comScore market research from November 2009, Google Search is the
dominant search engine in the United States market, with a market share of
65.6%.[129] In May 2017, Google enabled a new "Personal" tab in Google Search,
letting users search for content in their Google accounts' various services,
including email messages from Gmail and photos from Google Photos.[130][131]
Google launched its Google News service in 2002, an automated service which
summarizes news articles from various websites.[132] Google also hosts Google
Books, a service which searches the text found in books in its database and
shows limited previews or and the full book where allowed.[133]
Google expanded its search services to include shopping (launched originally as
Froogle in 2002),[134] finance (launched 2006),[135] and flights (launched
2011).[136]
ADVERTISING
Google on ad-tech London, 2010
Google generates most of its revenues from advertising. This includes sales of
apps, purchases made in-app, digital content products on Google and YouTube,
Android and licensing and service fees, including fees received for Google Cloud
offerings. Forty-six percent of this profit was from clicks (cost per clicks),
amounting to US$109,652 million in 2017. This includes three principal methods,
namely AdMob, AdSense (such as AdSense for Content, AdSense for Search, etc.)
and DoubleClick AdExchange.[137]
In addition to its own algorithms for understanding search requests, Google uses
technology its acquisition of DoubleClick, to project user interest and target
advertising to the search context and the user history.[138][139]
In 2007, Google launched "AdSense for Mobile", taking advantage of the emerging
mobile advertising market.[140]
Google Analytics allows website owners to track where and how people use their
website, for example by examining click rates for all the links on a page.[141]
Google advertisements can be placed on third-party websites in a two-part
program. Google Ads allows advertisers to display their advertisements in the
Google content network, through a cost-per-click scheme.[142] The sister
service, Google AdSense, allows website owners to display these advertisements
on their website and earn money every time ads are clicked.[143] One of the
criticisms of this program is the possibility of click fraud, which occurs when
a person or automated script clicks on advertisements without being interested
in the product, causing the advertiser to pay money to Google unduly. Industry
reports in 2006 claimed that approximately 14 to 20 percent of clicks were
fraudulent or invalid.[144] Google Search Console (rebranded from Google
Webmaster Tools in May 2015) allows webmasters to check the sitemap, crawl rate,
and for security issues of their websites, as well as optimize their website's
visibility.
CONSUMER SERVICES
WEB-BASED SERVICES
Google offers Gmail for email,[145] Google Calendar for time-management and
scheduling,[146] Google Maps for mapping, navigation and satellite imagery,[147]
Google Drive for cloud storage of files,[148] Google Docs, Sheets and Slides for
productivity,[148] Google Photos for photo storage and sharing,[149] Google Keep
for note-taking,[150] Google Translate for language translation,[151] YouTube
for video viewing and sharing,[152] Google My Business for managing public
business information,[153] and Duo for social interaction.[154] In March 2019,
Google unveiled a cloud gaming service named Stadia.[108] A job search product
has also existed since before 2017,[155][156][157] Google for Jobs is an
enhanced search feature that aggregates listings from job boards and career
sites.[158]
Some Google services are not web-based. Google Earth, launched in 2005, allowed
users to see high-definition satellite pictures from all over the world for free
through a client software downloaded to their computers.[159]
SOFTWARE
Google develops the Android mobile operating system,[160] as well as its
smartwatch,[161] television,[162] car,[163] and Internet of things-enabled smart
devices variations.[164]
It also develops the Google Chrome web browser,[165] and ChromeOS, an operating
system based on Chrome.[166]
HARDWARE
Google Pixel smartphones on display in a store
In January 2010, Google released Nexus One, the first Android phone under its
own brand.[167] It spawned a number of phones and tablets under the "Nexus"
branding[168] until its eventual discontinuation in 2016, replaced by a new
brand called Pixel.[169]
In 2011, the Chromebook was introduced, which runs on ChromeOS.[170]
In July 2013, Google introduced the Chromecast dongle, which allows users to
stream content from their smartphones to televisions.[171][172]
In June 2014, Google announced Google Cardboard, a simple cardboard viewer that
lets the user place their smartphone in a special front compartment to view
virtual reality (VR) media.[173]
Other hardware products include:
* Nest, a series of voice assistant smart speakers that can answer voice
queries, play music, find information from apps (calendar, weather etc.), and
control third-party smart home appliances (users can tell it to turn on the
lights, for example). The Google Nest line includes the original Google
Home[174] (later succeeded by the Nest Audio), the Google Home Mini (later
succeeded by the Nest Mini), the Google Home Max, the Google Home Hub (later
rebranded as the Nest Hub), and the Nest Hub Max.
* Nest Wifi (originally Google Wifi), a connected set of Wi-Fi routers to
simplify and extend coverage of home Wi-Fi.[175]
ENTERPRISE SERVICES
Main articles: Google Workspace and Google Cloud Platform
Google Workspace (formerly G Suite until October 2020[176]) is a monthly
subscription offering for organizations and businesses to get access to a
collection of Google's services, including Gmail, Google Drive and Google Docs,
Google Sheets and Google Slides, with additional administrative tools, unique
domain names, and 24/7 support.[177]
On September 24, 2012,[178] Google launched Google for Entrepreneurs, a largely
not-for-profit business incubator providing startups with co-working spaces
known as Campuses, with assistance to startup founders that may include
workshops, conferences, and mentorships.[179] Presently, there are seven Campus
locations: Berlin, London, Madrid, Seoul, São Paulo, Tel Aviv, and Warsaw.
On March 15, 2016, Google announced the introduction of Google Analytics 360
Suite, "a set of integrated data and marketing analytics products, designed
specifically for the needs of enterprise-class marketers" which can be
integrated with BigQuery on the Google Cloud Platform. Among other things, the
suite is designed to help "enterprise class marketers" "see the complete
customer journey", generate "useful insights", and "deliver engaging experiences
to the right people".[180] Jack Marshall of The Wall Street Journal wrote that
the suite competes with existing marketing cloud offerings by companies
including Adobe, Oracle, Salesforce, and IBM.[181]
INTERNET SERVICES
In February 2010, Google announced the Google Fiber project, with experimental
plans to build an ultra-high-speed broadband network for 50,000 to 500,000
customers in one or more American cities.[182][183] Following Google's corporate
restructure to make Alphabet Inc. its parent company, Google Fiber was moved to
Alphabet's Access division.[184][185]
In April 2015, Google announced Project Fi, a mobile virtual network operator,
that combines Wi-Fi and cellular networks from different telecommunication
providers in an effort to enable seamless connectivity and fast Internet
signal.[186][187]
FINANCIAL SERVICES
As a more mature company, Google has made many moves into financial services.
In August 2023, it became the first major tech company to join the OpenWallet
Foundation, launched earlier in the year, whose goal was creating open-source
software for interoperable digital wallets.[188]
CORPORATE AFFAIRS
STOCK PRICE PERFORMANCE AND QUARTERLY EARNINGS
Google's initial public offering (IPO) took place on August 19, 2004. At IPO,
the company offered 19,605,052 shares at a price of $85 per share.[65][66] The
sale of $1.67 billion gave Google a market capitalization of more than $23
billion.[69] The stock performed well after the IPO, with shares hitting $350
for the first time on October 31, 2007,[189] primarily because of strong sales
and earnings in the online advertising market.[190] The surge in stock price was
fueled mainly by individual investors, as opposed to large institutional
investors and mutual funds.[190] GOOG shares split into GOOG class C shares and
GOOGL class A shares.[191] The company is listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange
under the ticker symbols GOOGL and GOOG, and on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange
under the ticker symbol GGQ1. These ticker symbols now refer to Alphabet Inc.,
Google's holding company, since the fourth quarter of 2015.[update][192]
In the third quarter of 2005, Google reported a 700% increase in profit, largely
due to large companies shifting their advertising strategies from newspapers,
magazines, and television to the Internet.[193][194][195]
For the 2006 fiscal year, the company reported $10.492 billion in total
advertising revenues and only $112 million in licensing and other revenues.[196]
In 2011, 96% of Google's revenue was derived from its advertising programs.[197]
Google generated $50 billion in annual revenue for the first time in 2012,
generating $38 billion the previous year. In January 2013, then-CEO Larry Page
commented, "We ended 2012 with a strong quarter ... Revenues were up 36%
year-on-year, and 8% quarter-on-quarter. And we hit $50 billion in revenues for
the first time last year – not a bad achievement in just a decade and a
half."[198]
Google's consolidated revenue for the third quarter of 2013 was reported in
mid-October 2013 as $14.89 billion, a 12 percent increase compared to the
previous quarter.[199] Google's Internet business was responsible for $10.8
billion of this total, with an increase in the number of users' clicks on
advertisements.[200] By January 2014, Google's market capitalization had grown
to $397 billion.[201]
TAX AVOIDANCE STRATEGIES
Further information: Corporation tax in the Republic of Ireland § Multinational
tax schemes, and Google tax
Google uses various tax avoidance strategies. On the list of largest technology
companies by revenue, it pays the lowest taxes to the countries of origin of its
revenues. Google between 2007 and 2010 saved $3.1 billion in taxes by shuttling
non-U.S. profits through Ireland and the Netherlands and then to Bermuda. Such
techniques lower its non-U.S. tax rate to 2.3 per cent, while normally the
corporate tax rate in, for instance, the UK is 28 per cent.[202] This reportedly
sparked a French investigation into Google's transfer pricing practices in
2012.[203]
In 2020, Google said it had overhauled its controversial global tax structure
and consolidated all of its intellectual property holdings back to the US.[204]
Google Vice-president Matt Brittin testified to the Public Accounts Committee of
the UK House of Commons that his UK sales team made no sales and hence owed no
sales taxes to the UK.[205] In January 2016, Google reached a settlement with
the UK to pay £130m in back taxes plus higher taxes in future.[206] In 2017,
Google channeled $22.7 billion from the Netherlands to Bermuda to reduce its tax
bill.[207]
In 2013, Google ranked 5th in lobbying spending, up from 213th in 2003. In 2012,
the company ranked 2nd in campaign donations of technology and Internet
sections.[208]
CORPORATE IDENTITY
Further information: History of Google § Name, Google (verb), Google logo,
Google Doodle, List of Google April Fools' Day jokes, and List of Google Easter
eggs
Google's logo from 2013 to 2015
The name "Google" originated from a misspelling of "googol",[209][210] which
refers to the number represented by a 1 followed by one-hundred zeros. Page and
Brin write in their original paper on PageRank:[32] "We chose our system name,
Google, because it is a common spelling of googol, or 10100[,] and fits well
with our goal of building very large-scale search engines." Having found its way
increasingly into everyday language, the verb "google" was added to the Merriam
Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary in 2006, meaning
"to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the
Internet."[211][212] Google's mission statement, from the outset, was "to
organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and
useful",[213] and its unofficial slogan is "Don't be evil".[214] In October
2015, a related motto was adopted in the Alphabet corporate code of conduct by
the phrase: "Do the right thing".[215] The original motto was retained in the
code of conduct of Google, now a subsidiary of Alphabet.
The original Google logo was designed by Sergey Brin.[216] Since 1998,[update]
Google has been designing special, temporary alternate logos to place on their
homepage intended to celebrate holidays, events, achievements and people. The
first Google Doodle was in honor of the Burning Man Festival of 1998.[217][218]
The doodle was designed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin to notify users of their
absence in case the servers crashed. Subsequent Google Doodles were designed by
an outside contractor, until Larry and Sergey asked then-intern Dennis Hwang to
design a logo for Bastille Day in 2000. From that point onward, Doodles have
been organized and created by a team of employees termed "Doodlers".[219]
Google has a tradition of creating April Fools' Day jokes. Its first on April 1,
2000, was Google MentalPlex which allegedly featured the use of mental power to
search the web.[220] In 2007, Google announced a free Internet service called
TiSP, or Toilet Internet Service Provider, where one obtained a connection by
flushing one end of a fiber-optic cable down their toilet.[221]
Google's services contain easter eggs, such as the Swedish Chef's "Bork bork
bork," Pig Latin, "Hacker" or leetspeak, Elmer Fudd, Pirate, and Klingon as
language selections for its search engine.[222] When searching for the word
"anagram," meaning a rearrangement of letters from one word to form other valid
words, Google's suggestion feature displays "Did you mean: nag a ram?"[223]
Since 2019, Google runs free online courses to help engineers learn how to plan
and author technical documentation better.[224]
WORKPLACE CULTURE
Google employees marching in the Pride in London parade in 2016
On Fortune magazine's list of the best companies to work for, Google ranked
first in 2007, 2008 and 2012,[225][226][227] and fourth in 2009 and
2010.[228][229] Google was also nominated in 2010 to be the world's most
attractive employer to graduating students in the Universum Communications
talent attraction index.[230] Google's corporate philosophy includes principles
such as "you can make money without doing evil," "you can be serious without a
suit," and "work should be challenging and the challenge should be fun."[231]
As of September 30, 2020,[update] Alphabet Inc. had 132,121 employees,[232] of
which more than 100,000 worked for Google.[8] Google's 2020[update] diversity
report states that 32 percent of its workforce are women and 68 percent are men,
with the ethnicity of its workforce being predominantly white (51.7%) and Asian
(41.9%).[233] Within tech roles, 23.6 percent were women; and 26.7 percent of
leadership roles were held by women.[234] In addition to its 100,000+ full-time
employees, Google used about 121,000 temporary workers and contractors, as of
March 2019.[update][8]
Google's employees are hired based on a hierarchical system. Employees are split
into six hierarchies based on experience and can range "from entry-level data
center workers at level one to managers and experienced engineers at level
six."[235] As a motivation technique, Google uses a policy known as Innovation
Time Off, where Google engineers are encouraged to spend 20% of their work time
on projects that interest them. Some of Google's services, such as Gmail, Google
News, Orkut, and AdSense originated from these independent endeavors.[236] In a
talk at Stanford University, Marissa Mayer, Google's vice-president of Search
Products and User Experience until July 2012, showed that half of all new
product launches in the second half of 2005 had originated from the Innovation
Time Off.[237]
In 2005, articles in The New York Times[238] and other sources began suggesting
that Google had lost its anti-corporate, no evil philosophy.[239][240][241] In
an effort to maintain the company's unique culture, Google designated a Chief
Culture Officer whose purpose was to develop and maintain the culture and work
on ways to keep true to the core values that the company was founded on.[242]
Google has also faced allegations of sexism and ageism from former
employees.[243][244] In 2013, a class action against several Silicon Valley
companies, including Google, was filed for alleged "no cold call" agreements
which restrained the recruitment of high-tech employees.[245] In a lawsuit filed
January 8, 2018, multiple employees and job applicants alleged Google
discriminated against a class defined by their "conservative political views[,]
male gender[,] and/or [...] Caucasian or Asian race".[246]
On January 25, 2020, the formation of an international workers union of Google
employees, Alpha Global, was announced.[247] The coalition is made up of "13
different unions representing workers in 10 countries, including the United
States, United Kingdom, and Switzerland."[248] The group is affiliated with UNI
Global Union, which represents nearly 20 million international workers from
various unions and federations. The formation of the union is in response to
persistent allegations of mistreatment of Google employees and a toxic workplace
culture.[248][249][246] Google had previously been accused of surveilling and
firing employees who were suspected of organizing a workers union.[250] In 2021
court documents revealed that between 2018 and 2020 Google ran an anti-union
campaign called Project Vivian to "convince them (employees) that unions
suck".[251]
OFFICE LOCATIONS
Further information: Googleplex
Google's New York City office building houses its largest advertising sales
team. Google's Toronto office
Google's headquarters in Mountain View, California is referred to as "the
Googleplex", a play on words on the number googolplex and the headquarters
itself being a complex of buildings. Internationally, Google has over 78 offices
in more than 50 countries.[252]
In 2006, Google moved into about 300,000 square feet (27,900 m2) of office space
at 111 Eighth Avenue in Manhattan, New York City. The office was designed and
built specially for Google, and houses its largest advertising sales team.[253]
In 2010, Google bought the building housing the headquarter, in a deal that
valued the property at around $1.9 billion.[254][255] In March 2018, Google's
parent company Alphabet bought the nearby Chelsea Market building for $2.4
billion. The sale is touted as one of the most expensive real estate
transactions for a single building in the history of New
York.[256][257][258][259] In November 2018, Google announced its plan to expand
its New York City office to a capacity of 12,000 employees.[260] The same
December, it was announced that a $1 billion, 1,700,000-square-foot (160,000 m2)
headquarters for Google would be built in Manhattan's Hudson Square
neighborhood.[261][262] Called Google Hudson Square, the new campus is projected
to more than double the number of Google employees working in New York
City.[263]
By late 2006, Google established a new headquarters for its AdWords division in
Ann Arbor, Michigan.[264] In November 2006, Google opened offices on Carnegie
Mellon's campus in Pittsburgh, focusing on shopping-related advertisement coding
and smartphone applications and programs.[265][266] Other office locations in
the U.S. include Atlanta, Georgia; Austin, Texas; Boulder, Colorado; Cambridge,
Massachusetts; San Francisco, California; Seattle, Washington; Kirkland,
Washington; Birmingham, Michigan; Reston, Virginia, Washington, D.C.,[267] and
Madison, Wisconsin.[268]
Google's Dublin Ireland office, headquarters of Google Ads for Europe
It also has product research and development operations in cities around the
world, namely Sydney (birthplace location of Google Maps)[269] and London (part
of Android development).[270] In November 2013, Google announced plans for a new
London headquarter, a 1 million square foot office able to accommodate 4,500
employees. Recognized as one of the biggest ever commercial property
acquisitions at the time of the deal's announcement in January,[271] Google
submitted plans for the new headquarter to the Camden Council in June
2017.[272][273] In May 2015, Google announced its intention to create its own
campus in Hyderabad, India. The new campus, reported to be the company's largest
outside the United States, will accommodate 13,000 employees.[274][275]
Google's Global Offices sum a total of 85 Locations worldwide,[276] with 32
offices in North America, 3 of them in Canada and 29 in United States Territory,
California being the state with the most Google's offices with 9 in total
including the Googleplex. In the Latin America Region Google counts with 6
offices, in Europe 24 (3 of them in UK), the Asia Pacific region counts with 18
offices principally 4 in India and 3 in China, and the Africa Middle East region
counts 5 offices.
NORTH AMERICA
SN City Country or US State 1. Ann Arbor Michigan 2. Atlanta Georgia 3. Austin
Texas 4. Boulder Colorado 5. Boulder – Pearl Place Colorado 6. Boulder –
Walnut Colorado 7. Cambridge Massachusetts 8. Chapel Hill North Carolina 9.
Chicago – Carpenter Illinois 10. Chicago – Fulton Market Illinois 11. Detroit
Michigan 12. Irvine California 13. Kirkland Washington 14. Kitchener Canada
15. Los Angeles California 16. Madison Wisconsin 17. Miami Florida 18.
Montreal Canada 19. Mountain View California 20. New York New York 21.
Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 22. Playa Vista California 23. Portland Oregon 24.
Redwood City California 25. Reston Virginia 26. San Bruno California 27. San
Diego California 28. San Francisco – HQ California 29. Seattle Washington 30.
Sunnyvale California 31. Toronto Canada 32. Washington DC District of
Columbia
LATIN AMERICA
SN City Country 1. Belo Horizonte Brazil 2. Bogotá Colombia 3. Buenos Aires
Argentina 4. Mexico City Mexico 5. Santiago de Chile Chile 6. São Paulo
Brazil
EUROPE
SN City Country 1. Aarhus Denmark 2. Amsterdam Netherlands 3. Athens Greece
4. Berlin Germany 5. Brussels Belgium 6. Copenhagen Denmark 7. Dublin
Ireland 8. Hamburg Germany 9. Lisbon Portugal 10. London – 6PS United
Kingdom 11. London – BEL United Kingdom 12. London – CSG United Kingdom 13.
Madrid Spain 14. Milan Italy 15. Moscow Russia 16. Munich Germany 17. Oslo
Norway 18. Paris France 19. Prague Czech Republic 20. Stockholm Sweden 21.
Vienna Austria 22. Warsaw Poland 23. Wroclaw Poland 24. Zurich – BRA
Switzerland 25. Zurich – EUR Switzerland
ASIA-PACIFIC
SN City Country 1. Auckland New Zealand 2. Bangalore India 3. Bangkok
Thailand 4. Beijing China 5. Guangzhou China 6. Gurgaon India 7. Hong Kong
Hong Kong 8. Hyderabad India 9. Jakarta Indonesia 10. Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
11. Manila Philippines 12. Melbourne Australia 13. Mumbai India 14. Seoul
South Korea 15. Shanghai China 16. Singapore Singapore 17. Sydney Australia
18. Taipei Taiwan 19. Tokyo – RPG Japan 20. Tokyo – STRM Japan
AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST
SN City Country 1. Dubai United Arab Emirates 2. Haifa Israel 3. Istanbul
Turkey 4. Johannesburg South Africa 5. Tel Aviv Israel
INFRASTRUCTURE
Further information: Google data centers
Google has data centers in North and South America, Asia, and Europe.[277] There
is no official data on the number of servers in Google data centers; however,
research and advisory firm Gartner estimated in a July 2016 report that Google
at the time had 2.5 million servers.[278] Traditionally, Google relied on
parallel computing on commodity hardware like mainstream x86 computers (similar
to home PCs) to keep costs per query low.[279][280][281] In 2005, it started
developing its own designs, which were only revealed in 2009.[281]
Google has built its own private submarine communications cables. The first
cable, named Curie, connects California with Chile and was completed on November
15, 2019.[282][283] The second fully Google-owned undersea cable, named Dunant,
connects the United States with France and is planned to begin operation in
2020.[284] Google's third subsea cable, Equiano, will connect Lisbon, Portugal
with Lagos, Nigeria and Cape Town, South Africa.[285] The company's fourth
cable, named Grace Hopper, connects landing points in New York, US, Bude, UK and
Bilbao, Spain, and is expected to become operational in 2022.[286]
ENVIRONMENT
In October 2006, the company announced plans to install thousands of solar
panels to provide up to 1.6 Megawatt of electricity, enough to satisfy
approximately 30% of the campus' energy needs.[287][288] The system is the
largest rooftop photovoltaic power station constructed on a U.S. corporate
campus and one of the largest on any corporate site in the world.[287] Since
2007,[update] Google has aimed for carbon neutrality in regard to its
operations.[289]
Google disclosed in September 2011 that it "continuously uses enough electricity
to power 200,000 homes", almost 260 million watts or about a quarter of the
output of a nuclear power plant. Total carbon emissions for 2010 were just under
1.5 million metric tons, mostly due to fossil fuels that provide electricity for
the data centers. Google said that 25 percent of its energy was supplied by
renewable fuels in 2010. An average search uses only 0.3 watt-hours of
electricity, so all global searches are only 12.5 million watts or 5% of the
total electricity consumption by Google.[290]
In 2010, Google Energy made its first investment in a renewable energy project,
putting $38.8 million into two wind farms in North Dakota. The company announced
the two locations will generate 169.5 megawatts of power, enough to supply
55,000 homes.[291] In February 2010, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
granted Google an authorization to buy and sell energy at market rates.[292] The
corporation exercised this authorization in September 2013 when it announced it
would purchase all the electricity produced by the not-yet-built 240-megawatt
Happy Hereford wind farm.[293]
In July 2010, Google signed an agreement with an Iowa wind farm to buy 114
megawatts of power for 20 years.[294]
In December 2016, Google announced that—starting in 2017—it would purchase
enough renewable energy to match 100% of the energy usage of its data centers
and offices. The commitment will make Google "the world's largest corporate
buyer of renewable power, with commitments reaching 2.6 gigawatts (2,600
megawatts) of wind and solar energy".[295][296][297]
In November 2017, Google bought 536 megawatts of wind power. The purchase made
the firm reach 100% renewable energy. The wind energy comes from two power
plants in South Dakota, one in Iowa and one in Oklahoma.[298] In September 2019,
Google's chief executive announced plans for a $2 billion wind and solar
investment, the biggest renewable energy deal in corporate history. This will
grow their green energy profile by 40%, giving them an extra 1.6 gigawatt of
clean energy, the company said.[299]
In September 2020, Google announced it had retroactively offset all of its
carbon emissions since the company's foundation in 1998.[300] It also committed
to operating its data centers and offices using only carbon-free energy by
2030.[301] In October 2020, the company pledged to make the packaging for its
hardware products 100% plastic-free and 100% recyclable by 2025. It also said
that all its final assembly manufacturing sites will achieve a UL 2799 Zero
Waste to Landfill certification by 2022 by ensuring that the vast majority of
waste from the manufacturing process is recycled instead of ending up in a
landfill.[302]
CLIMATE CHANGE DENIAL AND MISINFORMATION
Google donates to climate change denial political groups including the State
Policy Network and the Competitive Enterprise Institute.[303][304] The company
also actively funds and profits from climate disinformation by monetizing ad
spaces on most of the largest climate disinformation sites.[305] Google
continued to monetize and profit from sites propagating climate disinformation
even after the company updated their policy to prohibit placing their ads on
similar sites.[306]
PHILANTHROPY
Main article: Google.org
In 2004, Google formed the not-for-profit philanthropic Google.org, with a
start-up fund of $1 billion.[307] The mission of the organization is to create
awareness about climate change, global public health, and global poverty. One of
its first projects was to develop a viable plug-in hybrid electric vehicle that
can attain 100 miles per gallon. Google hired Larry Brilliant as the program's
executive director in 2004[308] and Megan Smith has since[update] replaced him
as director.[309]
In March 2007, in partnership with the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute
(MSRI), Google hosted the first Julia Robinson Mathematics Festival at its
headquarters in Mountain View.[310] In 2011, Google donated 1 million euros to
International Mathematical Olympiad to support the next five annual
International Mathematical Olympiads (2011–2015).[311][312] In July 2012, Google
launched a "Legalize Love" campaign in support of gay rights.[313]
In 2008, Google announced its "project 10100" which accepted ideas for how to
help the community and then allowed Google users to vote on their
favorites.[314] After two years of silence, during which many wondered what had
happened to the program,[315] Google revealed the winners of the project, giving
a total of ten million dollars to various ideas ranging from non-profit
organizations that promote education to a website that intends to make all legal
documents public and online.[316]
Responding to the humanitarian crisis after the 2022 Russian invasion of
Ukraine, Google announced a $15 million donation to support Ukrainian
citizens.[317] The company also decided to transform its office in Warsaw into a
help center for refugees.[318]
Also in February 2022, Google announced a $100 million fund to expand skills
training and job placement for low-income Americans, in conjunction with
non-profits Year Up, Social Finance, and Merit America.[319]
CRITICISM AND CONTROVERSIES
Main articles: Criticism of Google, Censorship by Google, and Privacy concerns
regarding Google
This section should include a better summary of Criticism of Google. See
Wikipedia:Summary style for information on how to properly incorporate it into
this article's main text. (April 2019)
San Francisco activists protest privately owned shuttle buses that transport
workers for tech companies such as Google from their homes in San Francisco and
Oakland to corporate campuses in Silicon Valley.
Google has had criticism over issues such as aggressive tax avoidance,[320]
search neutrality, copyright, censorship of search results and content,[321] and
privacy.[322][323]
Other criticisms are alleged misuse and manipulation of search results, its use
of other people's intellectual property, concerns that its compilation of data
may violate people's privacy, and the energy consumption of its servers, as well
as concerns over traditional business issues such as monopoly, restraint of
trade, anti-competitive practices, and patent infringement.
Google formerly complied with Internet censorship policies of the People's
Republic of China,[324] enforced by means of filters colloquially known as "The
Great Firewall of China", but no longer does so. As a result, all Google
services except for Chinese Google Maps are blocked from access within mainland
China without the aid of virtual private networks, proxy servers, or other
similar technologies.
2018
In July 2018, Mozilla program manager Chris Peterson accused Google of
intentionally slowing down YouTube performance on Firefox.[325][326]
In August 2018, The Intercept reported that Google is developing for the
People's Republic of China a censored version of its search engine (known as
Dragonfly) "that will blacklist websites and search terms about human rights,
democracy, religion, and peaceful protest".[327][328] However, the project had
been withheld due to privacy concerns.[329][330]
2019
In 2019, a hub for critics of Google dedicated to abstaining from using Google
products coalesced in the Reddit online community /r/degoogle.[331] The DeGoogle
grassroots campaign continues to grow as privacy activists highlight information
about Google products, and the associated incursion on personal privacy rights
by the company.
In April 2019, former Mozilla executive Jonathan Nightingale accused Google of
intentionally and systematically sabotaging the Firefox browser over the past
decade in order to boost adoption of Google Chrome.[332]
In November 2019, the Office for Civil Rights of the United States Department of
Health and Human Services began investigation into Project Nightingale, to
assess whether the "mass collection of individuals' medical records" complied
with HIPAA.[333] According to The Wall Street Journal, Google secretively began
the project in 2018, with St. Louis-based healthcare company Ascension.[334]
2022
In a 2022 National Labor Relations Board ruling, court documents suggested that
Google sponsored a secretive project—Project Vivian—to counsel its employees and
to discourage them from forming unions.[335]
2023
On May 1, 2023, Google placed an ad against anti-disinformation Brazilian
Congressional Bill No. 2630, which was about to be approved, on its search
homepage in Brazil, calling on its users to ask congressional representatives to
oppose the legislation. The country's government and judiciary accused the
company of undue interference in the congressional debate, saying it could
amount to abuse of economic power and ordering the company to change the ad
within two hours of notification or face fines of R$1 million (2023)
(US$185,528.76) per non-compliance hour. The company then promptly removed the
ad.[336][337]
RACIALLY-TARGETED SURVEILLANCE
Google has aided controversial governments in mass surveillance projects,
sharing with police and military the identities of those protesting racial
injustice. In 2020, they shared with the FBI information collected from all
Android users at a Black Lives Matter protest in Seattle,[338] including those
who had opted out of location data collection.[339][340]
Google is also part of Project Nimbus, a $1.2 billion deal in which the
technology companies Google and Amazon will provide Israel and its military with
artificial intelligence, machine learning, and other cloud computing services,
including building local cloud sites that will "keep information within Israel's
borders under strict security guidelines."[341][342][343] The contract has been
criticized by shareholders as well as their employees over concerns that the
project will lead to further abuses of Palestinians' human rights in the context
of the ongoing illegal occupation and the Israeli–Palestinian
conflict.[344][345] Ariel Koren, a former marketing manager for Google's
educational products and an outspoken critic of the project, wrote that Google
"systematically silences Palestinian, Jewish, Arab and Muslim voices concerned
about Google's complicity in violations of Palestinian human rights—to the point
of formally retaliating against workers and creating an environment of fear",
reflecting her view that the ultimatum came in retaliation for her opposition to
and organization against the project.[341][346]
ANTI-TRUST, PRIVACY, AND OTHER LITIGATION
Main article: Google litigation
The European Commission, which imposed three fines on Google in 2017, 2018, and
2019
FINES AND LAWSUITS
EUROPEAN UNION
On June 27, 2017, the company received a record fine of €2.42 billion from the
European Union for "promoting its own shopping comparison service at the top of
search results."[347]
On July 18, 2018,[348] the European Commission fined Google €4.34 billion for
breaching EU antitrust rules. The abuse of dominant position has been referred
to Google's constraint applied to Android device manufacturers and network
operators to ensure that traffic on Android devices goes to the Google search
engine. On October 9, 2018, Google confirmed[349] that it had appealed the fine
to the General Court of the European Union.[350]
On October 8, 2018, a class action lawsuit was filed against Google and Alphabet
due to "non-public" Google+ account data being exposed as a result of a bug that
allowed app developers to gain access to the private information of users. The
litigation was settled in July 2020 for $7.5 million with a payout to claimants
of at least $5 each, with a maximum of $12 each.[351][352][353]
On March 20, 2019, the European Commission imposed a €1.49 billion ($1.69
billion) fine on Google for preventing rivals from being able to "compete and
innovate fairly" in the online advertising market. European Union competition
commissioner Margrethe Vestager said Google had violated EU antitrust rules by
"imposing anti-competitive contractual restrictions on third-party websites"
that required them to exclude search results from Google's rivals.[354][355]
On September 14, 2022, Google lost the appeal over €4.125bn (£3.5bn) fine, which
was ruled to be paid after it was proved by the European Commission that Google
forced Android phone-makers to carry Google's search and web browser apps. Since
the initial accusations, Google changed its policy.[356]
FRANCE
On January 21, 2019, French data regulator CNIL imposed a record €50 million
fine on Google for breaching the European Union's General Data Protection
Regulation. The judgment claimed Google had failed to sufficiently inform users
of its methods for collecting data to personalize advertising. Google issued a
statement saying it was "deeply committed" to transparency and was "studying the
decision" before determining its response.[357]
On January 6, 2022, France's data privacy regulatory body CNIL fined Alphabet's
Google 150 million euros (US$169 million) for not allowing its Internet users an
easy refusal of Cookies along with Facebook.[358]
UNITED STATES
After U.S. Congressional hearings in July 2020,[359] and a report from the U.S.
House of Representatives' Antitrust Subcommittee released in early October[360]
the United States Department of Justice filed an antitrust lawsuit against
Google on October 20, 2020, asserting that it has illegally maintained its
monopoly position in web search and search advertising.[361][362] The lawsuit
alleged that Google engaged in anticompetitive behavior by paying Apple between
$8 billion-$12 billion to be the default search engine on iPhones.[363] Later
that month, both Facebook and Alphabet agreed to "cooperate and assist one
another" in the face of investigation into their online advertising
practices.[364][365] Another suit was brought against Google in 2023 for
illegally monopolizing the advertising technology market.[366]
PRIVATE BROWSING LAWSUIT
See also: Private browsing
In early June 2020, a $5 billion class-action lawsuit was filed against Google
by a group of consumers, alleging that Chrome's Incognito browsing mode still
collects their user history.[367][368] The lawsuit became known in March 2021
when a federal judge denied Google's request to dismiss the case, ruling that
they must face the group's charges.[369][370] Reuters reported that the lawsuit
alleged that Google's CEO Sundar Pichai sought to keep the users unaware of this
issue.[371]
GENDER DISCRIMINATION LAWSUIT
In 2017, three women sued Google, accusing the company of violating California's
Equal Pay Act by underpaying its female employees. The lawsuit cited the wage
gap was around $17,000 and that Google locked women into lower career tracks,
leading to smaller salaries and bonuses. In June 2022, Google agreed to pay a
$118 million settlement to 15,550 female employees working in California since
2013. As a part of the settlement, Google also agreed to hire a third party to
analyze its hiring and compensation practices.[372][373][374]
U.S. GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS
Following media reports about PRISM, the NSA's massive electronic surveillance
program, in June 2013, several technology companies were identified as
participants, including Google.[375] According to unnamed sources, Google joined
the PRISM program in 2009, as YouTube in 2010.[376]
Google has worked with the United States Department of Defense on drone software
through the 2017 Project Maven that could be used to improve the accuracy of
drone strikes.[377] In April 2018, thousands of Google employees, including
senior engineers, signed a letter urging Google CEO Sundar Pichai to end this
controversial contract with the Pentagon.[378] Google ultimately decided not to
renew this DoD contract, which was set to expire in 2019.[379]
SEE ALSO
* Outline of Google
* History of Google
* List of Google products
* Google China
* Google logo
* Googlization
* Google.org
* Google ATAP
* List of mergers and acquisitions by Alphabet
NOTES
1. ^ Google was incorporated on September 4, 1998, however, since 2002, the
company has celebrated its anniversaries on various days in September, most
frequently on September 27.[1][2][3] The shift in dates reportedly happened
to celebrate index-size milestones in tandem with the birthday.[4]
REFERENCES
1. ^ Fitzpatrick, Alex (September 4, 2014). "Google Used to Be the Company
That Did 'Nothing But Search'". Time.
2. ^ "When is Google's birthday – and why are people confused?". The
Telegraph. September 27, 2019. Archived from the original on January 10,
2022.
3. ^ Griffin, Andrew (September 27, 2019). "Google birthday: The one big
problem with the company's celebratory doodle". The Independent.
4. ^ Wray, Richard (September 5, 2008). "Happy birthday Google". The
Guardian.
5. ^ "Company – Google". January 16, 2015. Archived from the original on
January 16, 2015. Retrieved September 13, 2018.
6. ^ Claburn, Thomas (September 24, 2008). "Google Founded By Sergey Brin,
Larry Page... And Hubert Chang?!?". InformationWeek. UBM plc. Archived
from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
7. ^ "Locations – Google Jobs". Archived from the original on September 30,
2013. Retrieved September 27, 2013.
8. ^ Jump up to: a b c Wakabayashi, Daisuke (May 28, 2019). "Google's Shadow
Work Force: Temps Who Outnumber Full-Time Employees (Published 2019)". The
New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 18,
2020. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
9. ^ Condon, Stephanie (May 7, 2019). "Google I/O: From 'AI first' to AI
working for everyone". ZDNet. Archived from the original on April 2, 2022.
Retrieved April 2, 2022.
10. ^ Jack, Simon (November 21, 2017). "Google – powerful and responsible?".
BBC News. Archived from the original on March 29, 2022. Retrieved March
29, 2022.
11. ^ McCormick, Rich (June 2, 2016). "Elon Musk: There's only one AI company
that worries me". The Verge. Archived from the original on March 29, 2022.
Retrieved March 29, 2022.
12. ^ "Justice Department Sues Monopolist Google For Violating Antitrust
Laws". U.S. Department of Justice. October 20, 2020. Retrieved March 29,
2022.
13. ^ "Land of the Giants: The Titans of Tech". CNN+. Retrieved April 18,
2022.
14. ^ Feiner, Lauren (December 3, 2019). "Larry Page steps down as CEO of
Alphabet, Sundar Pichai to take over". CNBC. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
15. ^ Brady, Heather; Kirk, Chris (March 15, 2013). "The Google Graveyard".
Slate. Archived from the original on March 16, 2013. Retrieved March 16,
2013.
16. ^ Booker, Logan (March 17, 2013). "Google Graveyard Does Exist". gizmodo.
Archived from the original on May 18, 2018. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
17. ^ "Inside X, Google's top-secret moonshot factory". Wired UK.
ISSN 1357-0978. Retrieved May 17, 2022.
18. ^ Swant, Marty. "The World's Valuable Brands". Forbes. Retrieved January
19, 2022.
19. ^ "Best Global Brands". Interbrand. Retrieved March 7, 2011.
20. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "How we started and where we are today – Google".
about.google. Archived from the original on April 22, 2020. Retrieved
April 24, 2021.
21. ^ Brezina, Corona (2013). Sergey Brin, Larry Page, Eric Schmidt, and
Google (1st ed.). New York: Rosen Publishing Group. p. 18.
ISBN 978-1-4488-6911-4. LCCN 2011039480.
22. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Our history in depth". Google Company. Archived from
the original on April 1, 2012. Retrieved July 15, 2017.
23. ^ Jump up to: a b Fisher, Adam (July 10, 2018). "Brin, Page, and Mayer on
the Accidental Birth of the Company that Changed Everything". Vanity Fair.
Archived from the original on July 4, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
24. ^ McHugh, Josh (January 1, 2003). "Google vs. Evil". Wired. Archived from
the original on June 2, 2019. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
25. ^ "Willow Garage Founder Scott Hassan Aims To Build A Startup Village".
IEEE Spectrum. September 5, 2014. Archived from the original on August 24,
2019. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
26. ^ D'Onfro, Jillian (February 13, 2016). "How a billionaire who wrote
Google's original code created a robot revolution". Business Insider.
Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
27. ^ Page, Lawrence; Brin, Sergey; Motwani, Rajeev; Winograd, Terry (November
11, 1999). "The PageRank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web".
Stanford University. Archived from the original on November 18, 2009.
28. ^ "Helpful products. For everyone". Google, Inc. Archived from the
original on February 10, 2010.
29. ^ Page, Larry (August 18, 1997). "PageRank: Bringing Order to the Web".
Stanford Digital Library Project. Archived from the original on May 6,
2002. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
30. ^ Battelle, John (August 2005). "The Birth of Google". Wired. Archived
from the original on November 7, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
31. ^ "Backrub search engine at Stanford University". Archived from the
original on December 24, 1996. Retrieved March 12, 2011.
32. ^ Jump up to: a b Brin, Sergey; Page, Lawrence (1998). "The anatomy of a
large-scale hypertextual Web search engine" (PDF). Computer Networks and
ISDN Systems. 30 (1–7): 107–117. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.115.5930.
doi:10.1016/S0169-7552(98)00110-X. ISSN 0169-7552. S2CID 7587743. Archived
(PDF) from the original on September 27, 2015. Retrieved April 7, 2019.
33. ^ ""About: RankDex"". Archived from the original on January 20, 2012.
Retrieved September 29, 2010., RankDex
34. ^ "Method for node ranking in a linked database". Google Patents. Archived
from the original on October 15, 2015. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
35. ^ Koller, David (January 2004). "Origin of the name "Google"". Stanford
University. Archived from the original on June 27, 2012.
36. ^ Hanley, Rachael (February 12, 2003). "From Googol to Google". The
Stanford Daily. Stanford University. Archived from the original on March
27, 2010. Retrieved February 15, 2010.
37. ^ "Google! Beta website". Google, Inc. Archived from the original on
February 21, 1999. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
38. ^ Williamson, Alan (January 12, 2005). "An evening with Google's Marissa
Mayer". Alan Williamson. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011.
Retrieved July 5, 2010.
39. ^ Long, Tony (September 7, 2007). "Sept. 7, 1998: If the Check Says
'Google Inc.,' We're 'Google Inc.'". Wired.
40. ^ Jump up to: a b Kopytoff, Verne (April 29, 2004). "For early Googlers,
key word is $". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on
September 19, 2009.
41. ^ Jolis, Jacob (April 16, 2010). "Frugal after Google". The Stanford
Daily. Retrieved June 3, 2022.
42. ^ "The Invention And History Of Google | Silicon Valley: The Untold
Story". YouTube. Discovery UK. Retrieved June 3, 2022.
43. ^ Jump up to: a b Auletta, Ken (2010). Googled: The End of the World as We
Know It (Reprint ed.). New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-311804-6.
OCLC 515456623. On September 7, 1998, the day Google officially
incorporated, he [Shriram] wrote out a check for just over $250,000, one
of four of this size the founders received.
44. ^ Canales, Katie. "The unlikely way Jeff Bezos became one of the first
investors in Google, which probably made him a billionaire outside of
Amazon". Business Insider. Retrieved June 3, 2022.
45. ^ Bhagat, Rasheeda (January 12, 2012). "The sherpa who funded Google's
ascent". The Hindu Business Line.
46. ^ Jump up to: a b c Hosch, William L.; Hall, Mark. "Google Inc".
Britannica. Archived from the original on February 20, 2019. Retrieved
March 17, 2019.
47. ^ "Craig Silverstein's website". Stanford University. Archived from the
original on October 2, 1999. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
48. ^ Kopytoff, Verne (September 7, 2008). "Craig Silverstein grew a decade
with Google". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on
November 7, 2012.
49. ^ "Google Receives $25 Million in Equity Funding" (Press release). Palo
Alto, Calif. June 7, 1999. Archived from the original on February 12,
2001. Retrieved February 16, 2009.
50. ^ Vise, David; Malseed, Mark (2005). "Chapter 5. Divide and Conquer". The
Google Story.
51. ^ Weinberger, Matt (October 12, 2015). "Google's cofounders are stepping
down from their company. Here are 43 photos showing Google's rise from a
Stanford dorm room to global internet superpower". Business Insider. Axel
Springer SE. Archived from the original on August 19, 2017.
52. ^ "A building blessed with tech success". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived
from the original on May 23, 2017. Retrieved July 15, 2017.
53. ^ Stross, Randall (September 2008). "Introduction". Planet Google: One
Company's Audacious Plan to Organize Everything We Know. New York: Free
Press. pp. 3–4. ISBN 978-1-4165-4691-7. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
54. ^ "Google Launches Self-Service Advertising Program". News from Google.
October 23, 2000. Archived from the original on April 1, 2012. Retrieved
July 15, 2017.
55. ^ Naughton, John (July 2, 2000). "Why's Yahoo gone to Google? Search me".
The Guardian. Archived from the original on January 31, 2019. Retrieved
January 30, 2019 – via www.theguardian.com.
56. ^ "Yahoo! Selects Google as its Default Search Engine Provider – News
announcements – News from Google – Google". googlepress.blogspot.com.
Archived from the original on January 31, 2019. Retrieved January 30,
2019.
57. ^ Google Server Assembly. Computer History Museum. 1999. Archived from the
original on July 22, 2010. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
58. ^ Olsen, Stephanie (July 11, 2003). "Google's movin' on up". CNET. CBS
Interactive. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved
February 15, 2010.
59. ^ "Google to buy headquarters building from Silicon Graphics". American
City Business Journals. June 16, 2006. Archived from the original on April
18, 2010.
60. ^ Krantz, Michael (October 25, 2006). "Do You "Google"?". Google, Inc.
Archived from the original on May 30, 2012. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
61. ^ Bylund, Anders (July 5, 2006). "To Google or Not to Google". msnbc.com.
Archived from the original on July 7, 2006. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
62. ^ Meyer, Robinson (June 27, 2014). "The First Use of 'to Google' on
Television? Buffy the Vampire Slayer". The Atlantic. Retrieved June 30,
2021.
63. ^ Vise, David; Malseed, Mark (2005). "Chapter 9. Hiring a Pilot". The
Google Story.
64. ^ Lashinsky, Adam (January 29, 2008). "Google wins again". Fortune. Time
Warner. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved January
22, 2011.
65. ^ Jump up to: a b "GOOG Stock". Business Insider. July 31, 2023.
66. ^ Jump up to: a b "2004 Annual Report" (PDF). Google, Inc. Mountain View,
California. 2004. p. 29. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 14,
2012. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
67. ^ La Monica, Paul R. (April 30, 2004). "Google sets $2.7 billion IPO". CNN
Money. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved February
19, 2010.
68. ^ Kawamoto, Dawn (April 29, 2004). "Want In on Google's IPO?". ZDNet.
Archived from the original on December 28, 2011. Retrieved February 19,
2010.
69. ^ Jump up to: a b Webb, Cynthia L. (August 19, 2004). "Google's IPO: Grate
Expectations". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Archived from the
original on November 12, 2012. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
70. ^ Arrington, Michael (October 9, 2006). "Google Has Acquired YouTube".
TechCrunch. AOL. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved
March 15, 2017.
71. ^ Sorkin, Andrew Ross; Peters, Jeremy W. (October 9, 2006). "Google to
Acquire YouTube for $1.65 Billion". The New York Times. Archived from the
original on June 9, 2017. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
72. ^ Arrington, Michael (November 13, 2006). "Google Closes YouTube
Acquisition". TechCrunch. AOL. Archived from the original on March 16,
2017. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
73. ^ Auchard, Eric (November 14, 2006). "Google closes YouTube deal".
Reuters. Thomson Reuters. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017.
Retrieved March 15, 2017.
74. ^ Lawsky, David (March 11, 2008). "Google closes DoubleClick merger after
EU approval". Reuters.
75. ^ Story, Louise; Helft, Miguel (April 14, 2007). "Google Buys DoubleClick
for $3.1 Billion". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April
4, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
76. ^ Worstall, Tim (June 22, 2011). "Google Hits One Billion Visitors in Only
One Month". Forbes.
77. ^ Efrati, Amir (June 21, 2011). "Google Notches One Billion Unique
Visitors Per Month". The Wall Street Journal.
78. ^ "Google Completes Takeover of Motorola Mobility". IndustryWeek. Agence
France-Presse. May 22, 2012.
79. ^ Tsukayama, Hayley (August 15, 2011). "Google agrees to acquire Motorola
Mobility". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 13,
2012.
80. ^ "Google to Acquire Motorola Mobility — Google Investor Relations".
Google. Archived from the original on August 17, 2011. Retrieved August
17, 2011.
81. ^ Page, Larry (August 15, 2011). "Official Google Blog: Supercharging
Android: Google to Acquire Motorola Mobility". Official Google Blog.
Archived from the original on September 21, 2011.
82. ^ Hughes, Neil (August 15, 2011). "Google CEO: 'Anticompetitive' Apple,
Microsoft forced Motorola deal". AppleInsider. Archived from the original
on December 10, 2011.
83. ^ Cheng, Roger (August 15, 2011). "Google to buy Motorola Mobility for
$12.5B". CNet News. Archived from the original on October 6, 2011.
Retrieved August 15, 2011.
84. ^ Kerr, Dara (July 25, 2013). "Google reveals it spent $966 million in
Waze acquisition". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on
February 16, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
85. ^ Lunden, Ingrid (June 11, 2013). "Google Bought Waze For $1.1B, Giving A
Social Data Boost To Its Mapping Business". TechCrunch. AOL. Archived from
the original on July 6, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
86. ^ Wakefield, Jane (September 19, 2013). "Google spin-off Calico to search
for answers to ageing". BBC News. Archived from the original on September
19, 2013. Retrieved September 20, 2013.
87. ^ Chowdhry, Amit (January 27, 2014). "Google To Acquire Artificial
Intelligence Company DeepMind". Forbes. Archived from the original on
January 29, 2014. Retrieved January 27, 2014.
88. ^ Helgren, Chris (January 27, 2014). "Google to buy artificial
intelligence company DeepMind". Reuters. Archived from the original on
January 27, 2014. Retrieved January 27, 2014.
89. ^ Ribeiro, Jon (January 27, 2014). "Google buys artificial intelligence
company DeepMind". PC World. Archived from the original on January 30,
2014. Retrieved January 27, 2014.
90. ^ Opam, Kwame (January 26, 2014). "Google buying AI startup DeepMind for a
reported $400 million". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original
on July 8, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
91. ^ "Rankings – 2013 – Best Global Brands – Interbrand". Interbrand.
Archived from the original on October 22, 2016. Retrieved October 23,
2016.
92. ^ "Rankings – 2014 – Best Global Brands – Interbrand". Interbrand.
Archived from the original on November 3, 2016. Retrieved October 23,
2016.
93. ^ "Rankings – 2015 – Best Global Brands – Interbrand". Interbrand.
Archived from the original on October 21, 2016. Retrieved October 23,
2016.
94. ^ "Rankings – 2016 – Best Global Brands". Interbrand. Archived from the
original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
95. ^ Womack, Brian (August 10, 2015). "Google Rises After Creating Holding
Company Called Alphabet". Bloomberg L.P. Archived from the original on
November 23, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
96. ^ Barr, Alistair; Winkler, Rolf (August 10, 2015). "Google Creates Parent
Company Called Alphabet in Restructuring". The Wall Street Journal.
Archived from the original on November 28, 2016. Retrieved November 22,
2016.
97. ^ Dougherty, Conor (August 10, 2015). "Google to Reorganize as Alphabet to
Keep Its Lead as an Innovator". The New York Times. Archived from the
original on October 19, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
98. ^ Wakabayashi, Daisuke (August 8, 2017). ""Google Fires Engineer Who Wrote
Memo Questioning Women in Tech"". The New York Times. Archived from the
original on August 10, 2017. Retrieved August 10, 2017.. The New York
Times, August 7, 2017
99. ^ Wakabayashi, Daisuke (August 8, 2017). "Contentious Memo Strikes Nerve
Inside Google and Out". The New York Times. Archived from the original on
August 9, 2017. Retrieved August 10, 2017.. The New York Times, August 8,
2017
100. ^ diversitymemo.com
101. ^ Friedersdorf, Conor (August 8, 2017). "The Most Common Error in Media
Coverage of the Google Memo". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on
August 8, 2017. Retrieved August 9, 2017.
102. ^ Bergen, Mark (November 22, 2019). "Google Workers Protest Company's
'Brute Force Intimidation'". Bloomberg.com.
103. ^ Jump up to: a b Hollister, Sean (November 25, 2019). "Google is accused
of union busting after firing four employees". The Verge. Retrieved
November 26, 2019.
104. ^ Welch, Chris (October 25, 2018). "Google says 48 people have been fired
for sexual harassment in the last two years". The Verge. Archived from the
original on October 31, 2018. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
105. ^ Hamilton, Isobel Asher; et al. (November 1, 2018). "PHOTOS: Google
employees all over the world left their desk and walked out in protest
over sexual misconduct". Business Insider. Archived from the original on
November 2, 2018. Retrieved November 6, 2018.
106. ^ Segarra, Lisa Marie (November 3, 2018). "More Than 20,000 Google
Employees Participated in Walkout Over Sexual Harassment Policy". Fortune.
Archived from the original on November 7, 2018. Retrieved November 6,
2018.
107. ^ Liedtke, Michael (November 1, 2018). "Google workers walk out to protest
sexual misconduct". San Francisco, Calf.: Akron Beacon/Journal. Associated
Press. Retrieved November 6, 2018.
108. ^ Jump up to: a b Warren, Tom (March 19, 2019). "Google unveils Stadia
cloud gaming service, launches in 2019". The Verge. Archived from the
original on March 19, 2019. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
109. ^ "Google shares take a dive with reports of US DoJ 'competition' probe".
www.theregister.com.
110. ^ "U.S. Files Antitrust Suit Against Google". NPR.
111. ^ Perez, Sarah (December 11, 2019). "PayPal's exiting COO Bill Ready to
join Google as its new president of Commerce". TechCrunch.
112. ^ "Bloomberg – Google to Slow Hiring for Rest of 2020, CEO Tells Staff".
www.bloomberg.com. April 15, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
113. ^ Bonacini, Luca; Gallo, Giovanni; Scicchitano, Sergio (2021). "Working
from home and income inequality: risks of a 'new normal' with COVID-19".
Journal of Population Economics. 34 (1): 303–360.
doi:10.1007/s00148-020-00800-7. ISSN 0933-1433. PMC 7486597.
PMID 32952308.
114. ^ "Google services including Gmail hit by serious disruption". Sky News.
115. ^ Li, Abner (November 12, 2020). "YouTube is currently down amid
widespread outage".
116. ^ "YouTube back online, all services restored as Google apologizes for
'system outage' | TechRadar". www.techradar.com. December 14, 2020.
Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved February 23,
2022.
117. ^ "Google employees are forming a union". Android Police. January 4, 2021.
Retrieved March 26, 2022.
118. ^ Jose, Renju (January 22, 2021). "Google says to block search engine in
Australia if forced to pay for news". Reuters. Retrieved January 22, 2021.
119. ^ "Google reportedly paid $20m for Ubisoft ports on Stadia".
GamesIndustry.biz. March 2021. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
120. ^ Schreier, Jason (February 28, 2021). "Google had big video game
ambitions. Then reality hit". Fortune. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
121. ^ "Google's Secret 'Project Bernanke' Revealed in Texas Antitrust Case".
The Wall Street Journal. April 11, 2021. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
122. ^ "Australian Government Plans to Curb Google's Capability to Sell
Targeted Ads – September 28, 2021". Daily News Brief. September 28, 2021.
Retrieved October 4, 2021.
123. ^ Picchi, Aimee (April 28, 2022). "Google will now remove your phone
number and other info from search results. Here's how to do it". CBS News.
124. ^ "Google announces acquisition of MicroLED startup Raxium". Devdiscourse.
May 5, 2022. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved May 6,
2022.
125. ^ Charlotte Trueman (July 6, 2022). "Noteworthy tech acquisitions 2022".
Computer World. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
126. ^ Love, Julia; Alba, Davey (March 8, 2023). "Google's Plan to Catch
ChatGPT Is to Stuff AI Into Everything". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved
March 14, 2023.
127. ^ "Google to open two more data centers in Ohio". ABC News.
128. ^ Arrington, Michael (July 25, 2008). "Google's Misleading Blog Post: The
Size Of The Web And The Size Of Their Index Are Very Different".
TechCrunch. AOL. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Retrieved
March 9, 2017.
129. ^ "comScore Releases November 2009 U.S. Search Engine Rankings". December
16, 2006. Archived from the original on February 25, 2010. Retrieved July
5, 2010.
130. ^ Schwartz, Barry (May 26, 2017). "Google Adds Personal Tab To Search
Filters". Search Engine Roundtable. RustyBrick. Archived from the original
on May 27, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
131. ^ Gartenberg, Chaim (May 26, 2017). "Google adds new Personal tab to
search results to show Gmail and Photos content". The Verge. Vox Media.
Archived from the original on May 26, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
132. ^ Macht, Joshua (September 30, 2002). "Automatic for the People". Time.
Archived from the original on October 22, 2010. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
133. ^ Martin, China (November 26, 2007). "Google hit with second lawsuit over
Library project". InfoWorld. Archived from the original on May 10, 2011.
Retrieved July 5, 2010.
134. ^ Naughton, John (July 1, 2017). "Challenges to Silicon Valley won't just
come from Brussels". The Observer.
135. ^ Mills, Elinor (March 21, 2006). "Google launches its own financial
site". CNET.
136. ^ Pepitone, Julianne (September 13, 2011). "Google launches Flight Search
- with a cool feature rivals lack". CNN Money.
137. ^ Annualg report (Alphabet Inc.) – 2017. Alphabet Inc. Investor relations.
March 1, 2018. Archived from the original on February 3, 2016. Retrieved
December 3, 2018.
138. ^ Nakashima, Ellen (August 12, 2008). "Some Web Firms Say They Track
Behavior Without Explicit Consent". The Washington Post. Archived from the
original on November 12, 2012.
139. ^ Helft, Miguel (March 11, 2009). "Google to Offer Ads Based on
Interests". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 28,
2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
140. ^ "Google AdSense for Mobile unlocks the potential of the mobile
advertising market". Google, Inc. September 17, 2007. Archived from the
original on June 20, 2012. Retrieved February 26, 2010.
141. ^ Bright, Peter (August 27, 2008). "Surfing on the sly with IE8's new
"InPrivate" Internet". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Archived from the
original on March 12, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
142. ^ Beal, Vangie (December 21, 2010). "AdWords – Google AdWords". Webopedia.
QuinStreet Inc. Archived from the original on June 29, 2017. Retrieved May
27, 2017.
143. ^ Beal, Vangie (December 20, 2010). "AdSense – Google AdSense". Webopedia.
QuinStreet Inc. Archived from the original on May 2, 2017. Retrieved May
27, 2017.
144. ^ Mills, Elinor (July 25, 2006). "Google to offer advertisers click fraud
stats". news.cnet.com. CNET. Archived from the original on May 10, 2011.
Retrieved July 29, 2006.
145. ^ Gayomali, Chris (April 1, 2014). "When Gmail Launched On April 1, 2004,
People Thought It Was A Joke". Fast Company. Mansueto Ventures. Archived
from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
146. ^ Vincent, James (January 5, 2017). "Google Calendar update makes it
easier to track your New Year's fitness goals". The Verge. Vox Media.
Archived from the original on January 13, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
147. ^ Broussard, Mitchel (March 22, 2017). "Google Maps Introduces New
Location Sharing Feature With Real-Time Friend Tracking". MacRumors.
Archived from the original on March 27, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
148. ^ Jump up to: a b Sottek, T.C. (April 24, 2012). "Google Drive officially
launches with 5 GB free storage, Google Docs integration". The Verge. Vox
Media. Archived from the original on December 26, 2016. Retrieved June 12,
2017.
149. ^ Perez, Sarah (May 28, 2015). "Google Photos Breaks Free Of Google+, Now
Offers Free, Unlimited Storage". TechCrunch. AOL. Archived from the
original on July 6, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
150. ^ Graziano, Dan (March 20, 2013). "Google launches Google Keep note-taking
service [video]". BGR. Penske Media Corporation. Archived from the
original on October 8, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
151. ^ Eadicicco, Lisa (November 16, 2016). "Google's Translation App Is About
To Get Much Better". Time. Archived from the original on April 1, 2017.
Retrieved June 12, 2017.
152. ^ Hamedy, Saba (February 28, 2017). "People now spend 1 billion hours
watching YouTube every day". Mashable. Archived from the original on May
17, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
153. ^ "Google My Business – Stand Out on Google for Free". www.google.com.
Archived from the original on February 7, 2019. Retrieved February 6,
2019.
154. ^ Levy, Steven (June 28, 2011). "Inside Google+ - How the search giant
plans to go social". Wired. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on
April 5, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
155. ^ Zakrasek, Nick (2017). "Connecting more Americans with jobs".
blog.google.
156. ^ "Job Search on Google – Get Your Job Postings on Google Today".
jobs.google.com.
157. ^ "Search Job Opportunities & Expand Career Skills". Grow With Google.
158. ^ Ryan, Robin (2019). "How To Use Google's Job Search Feature To Land A
Job". forbes.com. Archived from the original on August 6, 2019.
159. ^ Clarke, Philippa; Ailshire, Jennifer; Melendez, Robert; Bader, Michael;
Morenoff, Jeffrey (2010). "Using Google Earth to conduct a neighborhood
audit: reliability of a virtual audit instrument". Health & Place. 16 (6):
1224–1229. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.08.007. PMC 2952684.
PMID 20797897.
160. ^ Schonfeld, Erick (November 5, 2007). "Breaking: Google Announces Android
and Open Handset Alliance". TechCrunch. AOL. Archived from the original on
June 22, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
161. ^ D'Orazio, Dante (March 18, 2014). "Google reveals Android Wear, an
operating system for smartwatches". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from
the original on February 10, 2017. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
162. ^ Ong, Josh (June 25, 2014). "Google announces Android TV to bring 'voice
input, user experience and content' to the living room". The Next Web.
Archived from the original on March 13, 2017. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
163. ^ Wilhelm, Alex (June 25, 2014). "Google Announces Android Auto, Promises
Enabled Cars By The End Of 2014". TechCrunch. AOL. Archived from the
original on June 22, 2017. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
164. ^ Kastrenakes, Jacob (December 13, 2016). "Android Things is Google's new
OS for smart devices". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on
February 17, 2017. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
165. ^ Pichai, Sundar; Upson, Linus (September 1, 2008). "A fresh take on the
browser". Official Google Blog. Archived from the original on March 15,
2016. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
166. ^ Pichai, Sundar; Upson, Linus (July 7, 2009). "Introducing the Google
Chrome OS". Official Google Blog. Archived from the original on November
22, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
167. ^ Siegler, MG (January 5, 2010). "The Droid You're Looking For: Live From
The Nexus One Event". TechCrunch. AOL. Archived from the original on
November 23, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
168. ^ Ion, Florence (May 15, 2013). "From Nexus One to Nexus 10: a brief
history of Google's flagship devices". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Archived
from the original on June 24, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
169. ^ Bohn, Dieter (October 4, 2016). "The Google Phone: The inside story of
Google's bold bet on hardware". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the
original on January 6, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
170. ^ Pichai, Sundar; Upson, Linus (May 11, 2011). "A new kind of computer:
Chromebook". Official Google Blog. Archived from the original on November
22, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
171. ^ Robertson, Adi (July 24, 2013). "Google reveals Chromecast: video
streaming to your TV from any device for $35". The Verge. Vox Media.
Archived from the original on December 26, 2016. Retrieved November 29,
2016.
172. ^ "Google Chromecast takes on streaming content to TV". BBC News. BBC.
July 31, 2013. Archived from the original on November 29, 2016. Retrieved
November 29, 2016.
173. ^ O'Toole, James (June 26, 2014). "Google's cardboard virtual-reality
goggles". CNN. Archived from the original on November 29, 2016. Retrieved
November 29, 2016.
174. ^ Bohn, Dieter (October 4, 2016). "Google Home is smart, loud, and kind of
cute". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the original on October 7,
2016. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
175. ^ Bohn, Dieter (October 4, 2016). "The Google Wifi routers are little
white pucks you can scatter throughout your house". The Verge. Vox Media.
Archived from the original on October 7, 2016. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
176. ^ "Announcing Google Workspace, everything you need to get it done, in one
location". Google Cloud Blog. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
177. ^ "Choose a Plan". G Suite by Google Cloud. Archived from the original on
December 12, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2016.
178. ^ "Celebrating the spirit of entrepreneurship with the new Google for
Entrepreneurs". Official Google Blog. September 24, 2012. Archived from
the original on March 20, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
179. ^ Fell, Jason (September 27, 2012). "How Google Wants to Make Starting Up
Easier for Entrepreneurs". Entrepreneur. Archived from the original on
March 20, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
180. ^ Muret, Paul (March 15, 2016). "Introducing the Google Analytics 360
Suite". Archived from the original on January 12, 2017. Retrieved January
22, 2017.
181. ^ Marshall, Jack (March 15, 2016). "Google Launches New Data Tools for
Marketers". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on
November 13, 2016. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
182. ^ Ingersoll, Minnie; Kelly, James (February 10, 2010). "Think big with a
gig: Our experimental fiber network". Official Google Blog. Archived from
the original on November 29, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
183. ^ Schonfeld, Erick (February 10, 2010). "Google Plans To Deliver 1Gb/sec
Fiber-Optic Broadband Network To More Than 50,000 Homes". TechCrunch. AOL.
Archived from the original on November 29, 2016. Retrieved November 29,
2016.
184. ^ McLaughlin, Kevin (August 25, 2016). "Inside the Battle Over Google
Fiber". The Information. Archived from the original on November 29, 2016.
Retrieved November 29, 2016.
185. ^ Statt, Nick (August 25, 2016). "Alphabet is putting serious pressure on
Google Fiber to cut costs". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the
original on November 29, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
186. ^ Fox, Nick (April 22, 2015). "Say hi to Fi: A new way to say hello".
Official Google Blog. Archived from the original on November 29, 2016.
Retrieved November 29, 2016.
187. ^ Goldman, David (April 22, 2015). "Google launches 'Project Fi' wireless
service". CNN. Archived from the original on November 29, 2016. Retrieved
November 29, 2016.
188. ^ "Google joins OpenWallet Foundation". Payments Dive. Retrieved September
1, 2023.
189. ^ Hancock, Jay (October 31, 2007). "Google shares hit $700". The Baltimore
Sun. Archived from the original on February 2, 2012. Retrieved November
27, 2010.
190. ^ Jump up to: a b La Monica, Paul R. (May 25, 2005). "Bowling for Google".
CNN. Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved February 28,
2007.
191. ^ "This could cost Google more than $500 million". CNBC. April 2, 2015.
Archived from the original on December 26, 2015. Retrieved December 30,
2015.
192. ^ Pramuk, Jacob (August 10, 2015). "Google to become part of new company,
Alphabet". CNBC. Archived from the original on August 11, 2015. Retrieved
August 11, 2015.
193. ^ Vise, David (October 21, 2005). "Online Ads Give Google Huge Gain in
Profit". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 20,
2016. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
194. ^ La Monica, Paul R. (October 21, 2005). "All signals go for Google". CNN.
195. ^ "Google shares jump on big profit increase". CBC News. October 21, 2005.
196. ^ "Form 10-K – Annual Report". SEC. Archived from the original on November
6, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
197. ^ "Google Inc, Form 10-K, Annual Report, Filing Date January 26, 2012"
(PDF). secdatabase.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 2, 2013.
Retrieved March 8, 2013.
198. ^ Fiegerman, Seth (January 22, 2013). "Google Has Its First $50 Billion
Year". Mashable. Archived from the original on December 1, 2016. Retrieved
November 30, 2016.
199. ^ Whitwam, Ryan (October 18, 2013). "Google Beats Analyst Estimates For
Third Quarter Results, Stock Passes $1000 Per Share". Android Police.
Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
200. ^ "Google earnings up 12% in third quarter even as Motorola losses
deepen". The Guardian. Reuters. October 17, 2013. Archived from the
original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
201. ^ "Google Overview". Marketwatch. Archived from the original on February
2, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
202. ^ Metz, Cade (October 22, 2010). "Google slips $3.1bn through 'Double
Irish' tax loophole". The Register. Archived from the original on July 6,
2017. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
203. ^ Leach, Anna (October 31, 2012). "French gov 'plans to hand Google €1bn
tax bill' – report". Theregister.co.uk. Archived from the original on
January 4, 2013. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
204. ^ Waters, Richard (January 2, 2020). "Google to end use of 'double Irish'
as tax loophole set to close". Financial Times.
205. ^ Brid-Aine Parnell (May 17, 2013). "I think you DO do evil, using smoke
and mirrors to avoid tax". Theregister.co.uk. Archived from the original
on December 26, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
206. ^ Gapper, John (January 23, 2016). "Google strikes £130m back tax deal".
FT.com. Archived from the original on January 24, 2016. Retrieved January
24, 2016.
207. ^ Meijer, Bart (January 3, 2019). "Google shifted $23 billion to tax haven
Bermuda in 2017: filing". Reuters. Archived from the original on January
3, 2019. Retrieved January 3, 2019. Google moved 19.9 billion euros ($22.7
billion) through a Dutch shell company to Bermuda in 2017, as part of an
arrangement that allows it to reduce its foreign tax bill
208. ^ Hamburger, Tom; Gold, Matea (April 13, 2014). "Google, once disdainful
of lobbying, now a master of Washington influence". The Washington Post.
Archived from the original on October 27, 2017. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
209. ^ Koller, David (January 2004). "Origin of the name, "Google."". Stanford
University. Archived from the original on June 27, 2012. Retrieved May 28,
2006.
210. ^ Hanley, Rachael. ""From Googol to Google: Co-founder returns". Archived
from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2010.." The
Stanford Daily. February 12, 2003. Retrieved on August 26, 2010.
211. ^ Harris, Scott D. (July 7, 2006). "Dictionary adds verb: to google". San
Jose Mercury News. Archived from the original on February 6, 2007.
Retrieved July 7, 2006.
212. ^ Bylund, Anders (July 5, 2006). "To Google or Not to Google". The Motley
Fool. Archived from the original on July 7, 2006. Retrieved July 7, 2006 –
via MSNBC.
213. ^ Gibbs, Samuel (November 3, 2014). "Google has 'outgrown' its 14-year old
mission statement, says Larry Page". The Guardian. Archived from the
original on March 26, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
214. ^ "Google Code of Conduct". Alphabet Investor Relations. Alphabet Inc.
April 11, 2012. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved
March 25, 2017.
215. ^ Lawler, Richard (October 2, 2015). "Alphabet replaces Google's 'Don't be
evil' with 'Do the right thing'". Engadget. AOL. Archived from the
original on July 1, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
216. ^ "Happy Birthday Google!". ndtv.com. NDTV Convergence Limited. Archived
from the original on April 7, 2019. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
217. ^ "Doodle 4 Google". Archived from the original on April 27, 2014.
Retrieved April 23, 2014.
218. ^ "Burning Man Festival". August 30, 1998. Archived from the original on
April 25, 2014. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
219. ^ "Meet the people behind the Google Doodles". The Guardian. April 12,
2014. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved September
27, 2014.
220. ^ "Google MentalPlex". Google, Inc. April 1, 2000. Archived from the
original on September 21, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
221. ^ "Welcome to Google TiSP". Google, Inc. April 1, 2007. Archived from the
original on July 9, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
222. ^ "Language Tools". Google, Inc. Archived from the original on May 22,
2009. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
223. ^ "anagram search". Google, Inc. Archived from the original on June 24,
2013. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
224. ^ "Technical Writing Courses". developers.google.com.
225. ^ Levering, Robert; Moskowitz, Milton (January 22, 2007). Serwer, Andrew
(ed.). "In good company". Fortune Magazine. 155 (1): 94–6, 100, 102
passim. PMID 17256628. Archived from the original on March 1, 2010.
Retrieved June 19, 2010.
226. ^ Levering, Robert; Moskowitz, Milton (February 4, 2008). Serwer, Andrew
(ed.). "The 2008 list". Fortune Magazine. 157 (2). Archived from the
original on July 23, 2010. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
227. ^ "The 2012 list". Fortune Magazine. Archived from the original on October
31, 2012. Retrieved February 26, 2012.
228. ^ Levering, Robert; Moskowitz, Milton (February 2, 2009). Serwer, Andrew
(ed.). "The 2009 list". Fortune Magazine. 159 (2). Archived from the
original on July 26, 2010. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
229. ^ Levering, Robert; Moskowitz, Milton (February 8, 2010). Serwer, Andrew
(ed.). "The 2010 list". Fortune Magazine. 161 (2). Archived from the
original on June 18, 2010. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
230. ^ "The World's Most Attractive Employers 2010". Universum Global.
September 28, 2010. Archived from the original on November 12, 2010.
Retrieved October 28, 2010.
231. ^ "Our Philosophy". Google, Inc. Archived from the original on July 9,
2010. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
232. ^ "Alphabet Q3 2020 10-Q Report" (PDF). Alphabet Inc. Archived (PDF) from
the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
233. ^ Nieva, Richard; Carson, Erin (May 5, 2020). "Google's diversity numbers
show incremental progress". CNET. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
234. ^ "Google Diversity Annual Report 2020". Google. 2020. Archived from the
original on December 16, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2021.
235. ^ Wakabayashi, Daisuke (September 8, 2017). "Google workers collected data
showing their male colleagues make more than women". CNBC. Archived from
the original on September 26, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
236. ^ Mediratta, Bharat; Bick, Julie (October 21, 2007). "The Google Way: Give
Engineers Room". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April
2, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
237. ^ Mayer, Marissa (speaker) (June 30, 2006). Marissa Mayer at Stanford
University (Seminar). Martin Lafrance. Event occurs at 11:33. Archived
from the original on August 16, 2010. Retrieved June 20, 2010. Fifty
percent of what Google launched in the second half of 2005 actually got
built out of 20% time.
238. ^ Rivlin, Gary (August 24, 2005). "Relax, Bill Gates; It's Google's Turn
as the Villain". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April
3, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
239. ^ Utz, Richard (2013). "The Good Corporation? Google's Medievalism and Why
It Matters". Studies in Medievalism. 23: 21–28.
240. ^ Gibson, Owen; Wray, Richard (August 25, 2005). "Search giant may outgrow
its fans". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on May
17, 2010. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
241. ^ Ranka, Mohit (May 17, 2007). "Google – Don't Be Evil". OSNews. Archived
from the original on July 6, 2010. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
242. ^ Mills, Elinor (April 30, 2007). "Google's culture czar". ZDNet. Archived
from the original on October 31, 2010. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
243. ^ Kawamoto, Dawn (July 27, 2005). "Google hit with job discrimination
lawsuit". CNET. CBS Interactive. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
244. ^ "Google accused of ageism in reinstated lawsuit". ctv.ca. October 6,
2007. Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved January
22, 2017.
245. ^ Rosenblatt, Seth (May 16, 2014). "Judge approves first payout in
antitrust wage-fixing lawsuit". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the
original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
246. ^ Jump up to: a b "Damore, et al. v. Google – FAC" (PDF).
www.dhillonlaw.com. Retrieved December 12, 2020.
247. ^ "Google Unions Announce Global Alliance: "Together, we will change
Alphabet"". UNI Global Union. Archived from the original on January 25,
2021. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
248. ^ Jump up to: a b Schiffer, Zoe (January 25, 2021). "Exclusive: Google
workers across the globe announce international union alliance to hold
Alphabet accountable". The Verge. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
249. ^ Ghaffary, Shirin (September 9, 2019). "Dozens of Google employees say
they were retaliated against for reporting harassment". Vox. Retrieved
January 25, 2021.
250. ^ Rahman, Rema (December 2, 2020). "Google illegally surveilled and fired
organizers, NLRB complaint alleges". The Hill. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
251. ^ "Google Had Secret Project to 'Convince' Employees 'That Unions Suck'".
www.vice.com. January 10, 2022. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
252. ^ "Google: Our Offices". Archived from the original on July 26, 2018.
Retrieved April 19, 2018.
253. ^ Reardon, Marguerite (October 11, 2006). "Google takes a bigger bite of
Big Apple". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on October
12, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
254. ^ Grant, Peter (December 3, 2010). "Google to Buy New York Office
Building". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company. Archived from the
original on October 10, 2016.
255. ^ Gustin, Sam (December 22, 2010). "Google buys giant New York building
for $1.9 billion". Wired. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on
January 2, 2017. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
256. ^ "Google buys NYC's Chelsea Market building for $2.4 bn". Archived from
the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
257. ^ "Google bought Manhattan's Chelsea Market building for $2.4 billion –
TechCrunch". techcrunch.com. March 20, 2018. Archived from the original on
June 8, 2018. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
258. ^ "Google closes $2.4 billion Chelsea Market deal to expand New York..."
Reuters. Reuters. Archived from the original on May 27, 2018. Retrieved
June 1, 2018.
259. ^ "Report: Alphabet Is Buying Chelsea Market for Over $2B". PCMag UK.
February 9, 2018. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved
June 1, 2018.
260. ^ MacMillan, Douglas; Brown, Eliot; Grant, Peter. "Google Plans Large New
York City Expansion". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original
on November 8, 2018. Retrieved November 8, 2018.
261. ^ "Google To Build New $1 Billion Campus In NYC". CBS New York. December
17, 2018. Archived from the original on December 17, 2018. Retrieved
December 17, 2018.
262. ^ Gartenberg, Chaim (December 17, 2018). "Google announces a new $1
billion NYC campus in Hudson Square". The Verge. Archived from the
original on December 17, 2018. Retrieved December 17, 2018.
263. ^ Chappell, Bill (December 17, 2018). "Google Will Spend $1 Billion For
New York City Campus On Hudson River". NPR. Archived from the original on
December 17, 2018. Retrieved December 17, 2018.
264. ^ Weier, Mary Hayes (October 24, 2007). "Inside Google's Michigan Office".
InformationWeek. UBM plc. Archived from the original on May 3, 2008.
Retrieved January 22, 2017.
265. ^ "Google Completes Pittsburgh Office, Holds Open House". WTAE. November
17, 2006. Archived from the original on May 15, 2009. Retrieved January
13, 2008.
266. ^ Olson, Thomas (December 8, 2010). "Google search: Tech-minded workers".
Trib Total Media. Archived from the original on June 3, 2013. Retrieved
December 8, 2010.
267. ^ "Google locations". Archived from the original on August 15, 2013.
Retrieved March 16, 2016.
268. ^ "Xconomy: Google's Madison Expansion to Triple Size of Local Offices".
Xconomy. January 31, 2019. Retrieved August 5, 2021.
269. ^ "Sydney". Google Careers. Archived from the original on May 5, 2017.
Retrieved June 4, 2017.
270. ^ "London". Google Careers. Archived from the original on February 14,
2017. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
271. ^ Mirani, Leo (November 1, 2013). "Inside Google's new
1-million-square-foot London office—three years before it's ready".
Quartz. Atlantic Media. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017.
Retrieved March 15, 2017.
272. ^ Vincent, James (June 1, 2017). "Google's new London HQ is a
'landscraper' with a rooftop garden". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from
the original on June 3, 2017. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
273. ^ Brian, Matt (June 1, 2017). "Google's 'innovative' new London HQ
features giant moving blinds". Engadget. AOL. Archived from the original
on June 4, 2017. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
274. ^ "Google to build biggest campus outside US in Hyderabad". The Indian
Express. May 12, 2015. Archived from the original on November 18, 2015.
Retrieved June 13, 2017.
275. ^ "Google's upcoming campus in Hyderabad to be its biggest outside the
US". Firstpost. Network 18. May 13, 2015. Archived from the original on
November 18, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
276. ^ "Google world office locations". Google. Retrieved May 29, 2021.
277. ^ "Data center locations". Archived from the original on May 17, 2018.
Retrieved May 17, 2018.
278. ^ "How Many Servers Does Google Have?". Data Center Knowledge. March 16,
2017. Archived from the original on February 17, 2019. Retrieved September
20, 2018.
279. ^ "Google's Secret: 'Cheap and Fast' Hardware" (PDF). PCWorld. October 10,
2003. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 14, 2009. Retrieved May
26, 2018.
280. ^ Barroso, L.A.; Dean, J.; Holzle, U. (April 29, 2003). "Web search for a
planet: the google cluster architecture". IEEE Micro. 23 (2): 22–28.
doi:10.1109/mm.2003.1196112. ISSN 0272-1732. S2CID 15886858. We believe
that the best price/performance tradeoff for our applications comes from
fashioning a reliable computing infrastructure from clusters of unreliable
commodity PCs.
281. ^ Jump up to: a b "Google uncloaks once-secret server". CNET. April 1,
2009. Archived from the original on June 6, 2018. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
Mainstream servers with x86 processors were the only option, he added.
"Ten years ago...it was clear the only way to make (search) work as free
product was to run on relatively cheap hardware. You can't run it on a
mainframe. The margins just don't work out," he said.
282. ^ "Home – Submarine Networks". Submarine Networks. Retrieved July 14,
2020.
283. ^ "Google and other tech giants are quietly buying up the most important
part of the internet". VentureBeat. April 6, 2019. Archived from the
original on April 25, 2019. Retrieved April 25, 2019.
284. ^ Sawers, Paul (April 24, 2019). "How Google is building its huge subsea
cable infrastructure". VentureBeat. Archived from the original on April
25, 2019. Retrieved April 26, 2019.
285. ^ Sawers, Paul (June 28, 2019). "Google announces Equiano, a privately
funded subsea cable that connects Europe with Africa". VentureBeat.
Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved December 31,
2020.
286. ^ Lardinois, Frederic (July 28, 2020). "Google is building a new private
subsea cable between Europe and the US". TechCrunch. Archived from the
original on December 31, 2020. Retrieved December 31, 2020.
287. ^ Jump up to: a b Marshall, Matt (October 16, 2006). "Google builds
largest solar installation in U.S. — oh, and bigger than Microsoft's".
VentureBeat.
288. ^ Thangham, Chris V. (June 19, 2007). "Google Solar Panels Produced 9,810
Kilowatt-hours of Electricity in 24 Hours". Digitaljournal.com.
289. ^ McGrath, Jack (May 18, 2011). "Google's Green Initiative:
Environmentally Conscious Technology". TechnoBuffalo. Archived from the
original on October 12, 2016. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
290. ^ Glanz, James (September 8, 2011). "Google Details, and Defends, Its Use
of Electricity". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March
12, 2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
291. ^ Morrison, Scott; Sweet, Cassandra (May 4, 2010). "Google Invests in Two
Wind Farms". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on
February 13, 2015. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
292. ^ "Google Energy can now buy and sell energy". Cnet.com. Archived from the
original on September 19, 2013. Retrieved September 23, 2013.
293. ^ Woody, Todd (September 18, 2013). "Google is on the way to quietly
becoming an electric utility". Quartz. Archived from the original on
September 21, 2013. Retrieved September 23, 2013.
294. ^ "Google buys power from Iowa wind farm". News.techworld.com. July 21,
2010. Archived from the original on January 5, 2012. Retrieved October 26,
2010.
295. ^ Hölzle, Urs (December 6, 2016). "We're set to reach 100% renewable
energy — and it's just the beginning". The Keyword Google Blog. Archived
from the original on December 8, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
296. ^ Statt, Nick (December 6, 2016). "Google just notched a big victory in
the fight against climate change". The Verge. Vox Media. Archived from the
original on December 8, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
297. ^ Etherington, Darrell (December 7, 2016). "Google says it will hit 100%
renewable energy by 2017". TechCrunch. AOL. Archived from the original on
December 7, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
298. ^ Donnelly, Grace (November 30, 2017). "Google Just Bought Enough Wind
Power to Run 100% On Renewable Energy". Fortune. Archived from the
original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
299. ^ Ambrose, Jillian (September 20, 2019). "Google signs up to $2bn wind and
solar investment". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved September 25,
2019.
300. ^ Hern, Alex (September 15, 2020). "Facebook and Google announce plans to
become carbon neutral". The Guardian. Archived from the original on
December 9, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
301. ^ "Google aims to run on carbon-free energy by 2030". CNBC. September 14,
2020. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved December
28, 2020.
302. ^ Schoon, Ben (October 26, 2020). "Google will ditch plastic packaging by
2025". 9to5Google. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020.
Retrieved December 28, 2020.
303. ^ Kirchgaessner, Stephanie (October 11, 2019). "Revealed: Google made
large contributions to climate change deniers". The Guardian.
ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
304. ^ Kirchgaessner, Stephanie (October 11, 2019). "The obscure law that
explains why Google backs climate deniers". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077.
Retrieved February 7, 2020.
305. ^ "Major Ad Platforms Profit Off Climate Disinformation (And Fund It,
Too)". Friends of the Earth. October 20, 2022. Retrieved November 2, 2022.
306. ^ "Briefing Note: Programmatic Digital Advertisements and Climate
Disinformation" (PDF). Climate Action Against Disinformation (CAAD).
October 20, 2022.
307. ^ "About the Foundation". Google, Inc. Archived from the original on July
14, 2010. Retrieved July 16, 2010.
308. ^ Hafner, Katie (September 14, 2006). "Philanthropy Google's Way: Not the
Usual". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 23, 2016.
Retrieved March 9, 2017.
309. ^ Helft, Miguel (February 23, 2009). "Google Chief for Charity Steps Down
on Revamp". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 22,
2017. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
310. ^ "The 2007". YouTube. Archived from the original on November 20, 2018.
Retrieved April 28, 2018. Julia Robinson Mathematics Festival at Google
was the founding of this event for middle school and high school students.
video
311. ^ Duffy, Jill (January 21, 2011). "Mathletes Receive €1M Donation from
Google". PC Magazine. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on March 23,
2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
312. ^ "Google donating 1 million euros to IMO". January 20, 2011. Archived
from the original on July 24, 2011. Retrieved February 4, 2011.
313. ^ "Google launches 'Legalise Love' gay rights campaign". PinkNews.co.uk.
July 8, 2012. Archived from the original on August 19, 2014. Retrieved
September 9, 2014.
314. ^ "Project 10 to the 100th". Google, Inc. Archived from the original on
July 28, 2009. Retrieved July 16, 2010.
315. ^ Van Burskirk, Elliot (June 28, 2010). "Google Struggles to Give Away
$10 million". Wired. Archived from the original on August 31, 2010.
Retrieved September 26, 2010.
316. ^ Twohill, Lorraine (September 24, 2010). "$10 million for Project 10^100
winners". Google, Inc. Archived from the original on September 26, 2010.
Retrieved September 26, 2010.
317. ^ "Google donates $15 mn in relief to Ukraine, blocks RT, Sputnik on
YouTube". Business Standard India. Business Standard. March 2, 2022.
Retrieved March 8, 2022.
318. ^ Amiah Taylor (March 7, 2022). "Google transforms Poland office into help
center for Ukrainian refugees". Fortune. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
319. ^ Lohr, Steve (February 17, 2022). "Google Creates $100 Million Fund for
Skills Training Program" – via NYTimes.com.
320. ^ Drucker, Jesse (October 21, 2010). "Google 2.4% Rate Shows How $60
Billion Is Lost to Tax Loopholes". Bloomberg News. Bloomberg L.P. Archived
from the original on September 22, 2016.
321. ^ "The Case Against Google". The New York Times. February 20, 2018.
Archived from the original on March 19, 2018. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
322. ^ "Google ranked 'worst' on privacy". BBC News. June 11, 2007. Archived
from the original on October 27, 2012. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
323. ^ Rosen, Jeffrey (November 28, 2008). "Google's Gatekeepers". The New York
Times. Archived from the original on February 28, 2017. Retrieved March 9,
2017.
324. ^ "Google censors itself for China". BBC News. January 25, 2006. Archived
from the original on November 19, 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
325. ^ Kan, Michael (July 25, 2018). "Mozilla Developer Claims Google Is
Slowing YouTube on Firefox". PCMag. Archived from the original on August
13, 2019.
326. ^ Cimpanu, Catalin (April 15, 2019). "Former Mozilla exec: Google has
sabotaged Firefox for years". ZDNet.
327. ^ Gallagher, Ryan (August 1, 2018). "Google Plans to Launch Censored
Search Engine in China, Leaked Documents Reveal". The Intercept. Archived
from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
328. ^ Disis, Jill (September 26, 2018). "Google grilled over 'Project
Dragonfly' at Senate hearing on data privacy". CNN. Archived from the
original on September 26, 2018.
329. ^ Gallagher, Ryan (December 17, 2018). "Google's Secret China Project
"Effectively Ended" After Internal Confrontation". The Intercept. Archived
from the original on March 21, 2019. Retrieved December 17, 2018.
330. ^ "Google's Project Dragonfly 'terminated' in China". BBC News. July 17,
2019. Retrieved June 18, 2022.
331. ^ "Thousands of Reddit users are trying to delete Google from their lives,
but they're finding it impossible because Google is everywhere". Business
Insider. March 23, 2019. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019.
Retrieved April 24, 2019.
332. ^ Cimpanu, Catalin. "Former Mozilla exec: Google has sabotaged Firefox for
years". ZDNet. Archived from the original on August 19, 2019. Retrieved
August 13, 2019.
333. ^ Copeland, Rob (November 12, 2019). "Google's 'Project Nightingale'
Triggers Federal Inquiry". Retrieved November 18, 2019.
334. ^ Copeland, Rob (November 11, 2019). "Google's 'Project Nightingale'
Gathers Personal Health Data on Millions of Americans". Retrieved November
17, 2019.
335. ^ "Google Had Secret Project to 'Convince' Employees 'That Unions Suck'".
Vice. January 10, 2022. Retrieved January 11, 2022.
336. ^ "Brazil receives pushback from tech companies on 'fake news' bill". The
Guardian. May 3, 2023. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
337. ^ "Brazil's 'fake news' bill sparks outcry from tech giants". Al Jazeera.
May 2, 2023. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
338. ^ Faife, Corin (February 5, 2022). "FBI used geofence warrant in Seattle
after BLM protest attack, new documents show". The Verge. Retrieved
November 17, 2022.
339. ^ Sonnemaker, Tyler (May 28, 2021). "'Apple is eating our lunch': Google
employees admit in lawsuit that the company made it nearly impossible for
users to keep their location private". Business Insider. Retrieved
November 17, 2022.
340. ^ Doctorow, Cory (November 11, 2022). "Apple's business model made Chinese
oppression inevitable". Pluralistic. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
341. ^ Jump up to: a b Grant, Nico (August 30, 2022). "Google Employee Who
Played Key Role in Protest of Contract With Israel Quits". The New York
Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
342. ^ Biddle, Sam (July 24, 2022). "Documents Reveal Advanced AI Tools Google
Is Selling to Israel". The Intercept. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
343. ^ "Israel picks Amazon's AWS, Google for flagship cloud project". Reuters.
Reuters. April 21, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2022.
344. ^ Biddle, Sam (May 18, 2022). "Google and Amazon Face Shareholder Revolt
Over Israeli Defense Work". The Intercept. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
345. ^ "We are Google and Amazon workers. We condemn Project Nimbus". The
Guardian. October 12, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
346. ^ Koren, Ariel (August 30, 2022). "Google's Complicity in Israeli
Apartheid: How Google Weaponizes "Diversity" to Silence Palestinians and
Palestinian Human Rights Supporters". Medium. Archived from the original
on August 30, 2022. Retrieved August 30, 2022.
347. ^ Kelion, Leo (June 27, 2017). "Google hit with record EU fine over
Shopping service". BBC. Archived from the original on June 27, 2017.
Retrieved June 29, 2017.
348. ^ "Antitrust: Commission fines Google €4.34 billion for illegal practices
regarding Android mobile devices to strengthen dominance of Google's
search engine". European Commission. Bruxelles. July 18, 2018. Archived
from the original on July 18, 2018.
349. ^ "Google appeals $5 billion EU fine in Android antitrust case".
APNews.com. Bruxelles. October 10, 2018. Archived from the original on
October 10, 2018.
350. ^ Foo Yun Chee (May 13, 2014). "Google challenges record $5 billion EU
antitrust fine". Reuters. Archived from the original on December 22, 2018.
351. ^ Murdock, Jason (August 5, 2020). "Google+ Settlement: How to Submit a
Claim over Privacy Bug and Get a Payout". Newsweek. Archived from the
original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
352. ^ Graham, Jefferson (August 4, 2020). "Did you use Google+? You may be
owed some money from class-action privacy settlement". USA Today. Archived
from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
353. ^ "In re Google Plus Profile Litigation District Court ND of California".
courtlistener.com. Free Law Project. July 22, 2020. Archived from the
original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 5, 2020.
354. ^ Reid, David (March 20, 2019). "EU regulators hit Google with $1.7
billion fine for blocking ad rivals". CNBC. Archived from the original on
March 20, 2019. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
355. ^ "Europe hits Google with a third, $1.7 billion antitrust fine". CNN.
March 20, 2019. Archived from the original on March 20, 2019. Retrieved
March 21, 2019.
356. ^ "Google loses appeal over record EU anti-trust Android fine". BBC News.
September 14, 2022. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
357. ^ Fox, Chris (January 21, 2019). "Google hit with £44m GDPR fine". BBC
News. Archived from the original on January 21, 2019. Retrieved January
22, 2019.
358. ^ Rosemain, Mathieu (January 6, 2022). "Google hit with 150 mln euro
French fine for cookie breaches". Reuters. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
359. ^ "Tech bosses grilled over claims of 'harmful' power". BBC News. July 30,
2020. Archived from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved July 30,
2020.
360. ^ Bond, Shannon; Selyukh, Alina; Allyn, Bobby (October 6, 2020). "How Are
Apple, Amazon, Facebook, Google Monopolies? House Report Counts The Ways".
NPR.
361. ^ McCabe, David; Kang, Cecilia (October 20, 2020). "U.S. Accuses Google of
Illegally Protecting Monopoly". The New York Times. Archived from the
original on October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
362. ^ Allyn, Bobby. "DOC". www.documentcloud.org.
363. ^ Ngo, Keach Hagey and Vivien (November 7, 2019). "How Google Edged Out
Rivals and Built the World's Dominant Ad Machine: A Visual Guide". The
Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
364. ^ McKinnon, Ryan Tracy and John D. (December 22, 2020). "WSJ News
Exclusive | Google, Facebook Agreed to Team Up Against Possible Antitrust
Action, Draft Lawsuit Says". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660.
Retrieved December 25, 2020.
365. ^ Tracy, John D. McKinnon and Ryan (December 16, 2020). "Ten States Sue
Google, Alleging Deal With Facebook to Rig Online Ad Market". The Wall
Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
366. ^ "Justice Department Sues Google for Monopolizing Digital Advertising
Technologies". United States Department of Justice. January 24, 2023.
Retrieved March 31, 2023.
367. ^ "$5 billion class-action lawsuit against Google". The Verge. March 13,
2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
368. ^ "$5 billion class-action lawsuit against Google". SearchEngineJournal.
March 15, 2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
369. ^ "$5 billion class-action lawsuit". Bloomberg. March 13, 2021. Retrieved
October 4, 2021.
370. ^ "Google gets sued". Ars Technica. March 15, 2021. Retrieved October 4,
2021.
371. ^ "$5 billion class-action lawsuit against Google". Reuters. September 24,
2021. Retrieved October 4, 2021.
372. ^ Roth, Emma (June 12, 2022). "Google to pay $118 million to settle gender
discrimination lawsuit". The Verge. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
373. ^ Complex, Valerie (June 12, 2022). "Google Agrees to Pay Out $118 Million
To Former Employees In Gender Discrimination And Pay Equity Suit".
Deadline. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
374. ^ Grant, Nico (June 13, 2022). "Google Agrees to Pay $118 Million to
Settle Pay Discrimination Case". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.
Retrieved June 14, 2022.
375. ^ "Edward Snowden: Leaks that exposed US spy programme". BBC News. January
17, 2014. Archived from the original on March 20, 2017. Retrieved March
25, 2017.
376. ^ Greenwald, Glenn; MacAskill, Ewen (June 7, 2013). "NSA Prism program
taps in to user data of Apple, Google and others". The Guardian. Archived
from the original on August 18, 2006. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
377. ^ Amadeo, Ron (April 4, 2018). "Google employees revolt, say company
should shut down military drone project". Ars Technica. Archived from the
original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
378. ^ Chapman, Ben (April 3, 2018). "Google staff protest company's
involvement with Pentagon drones programme". The Independent. Archived
from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
379. ^ Wakabayashi, Daisuke; Shane, Scott (June 1, 2018). "Google Will Not
Renew Pentagon Contract That Upset Employees". The New York Times.
Archived from the original on October 16, 2018. Retrieved October 16,
2018.
FURTHER READING
* Saylor, Michael (2012). The Mobile Wave: How Mobile Intelligence Will Change
Everything. Perseus Books/Vanguard Press. ISBN 978-1-59315-720-3.
* Vaidhyanathan, Siya (2011). The Googlization of Everything: (And Why We
Should Worry) (Updated ed.). Berkeley, Calif.: University of California
Press. ISBN 978-0-520-94869-3. JSTOR 10.1525/j.ctt1pn9z8. OCLC 779828585.
EXTERNAL LINKS
Google at Wikipedia's sister projects
* Definitions from Wiktionary
* Media from Commons
* News from Wikinews
* Quotations from Wikiquote
* Textbooks from Wikibooks
* Resources from Wikiversity
* Data from Wikidata
* Discussions from Meta-Wiki
* Official website
* Official Blog
* Business data for Google, Inc.:
* Bloomberg
* Reuters
* SEC filings
show
* v
* t
* e
Google
* Alphabet Inc.
* History
* List of Android apps
* List of Easter eggs
* April Fools' Day
* List of mergers and acquisitions
show
Company
Divisions
* Ads
* AI
* Brain
* DeepMind
* Android
* booting process
* recovery mode
* software development
* version history
* China
* Goojje
* Chrome
* Cloud
* Glass
* Google.org
* Crisis Response
* Public Alerts
* RechargeIT
* Health
* Maps
* Pixel
* Search
* Timeline
* Sidewalk Labs
* Sustainability
* YouTube
* History
* "Me at the zoo"
* Social impact
* YouTuber
People
Current
* Krishna Bharat
* Vint Cerf
* Jeff Dean
* John Doerr
* Sanjay Ghemawat
* Al Gore
* John L. Hennessy
* Urs Hölzle
* Salar Kamangar
* Ray Kurzweil
* Ann Mather
* Alan Mulally
* Rick Osterloh
* Sundar Pichai (CEO)
* Ruth Porat (CFO)
* Rajen Sheth
* Hal Varian
* Susan Wojcicki
* Neal Mohan
Former
* Andy Bechtolsheim
* Sergey Brin (Founder)
* David Cheriton
* Matt Cutts
* David Drummond
* Alan Eustace
* Timnit Gebru
* Omid Kordestani
* Paul Otellini
* Larry Page (Founder)
* Patrick Pichette
* Eric Schmidt
* Ram Shriram
* Amit Singhal
* Shirley M. Tilghman
* Rachel Whetstone
Real estate
* 111 Eighth Avenue
* Androidland
* Barges
* Binoculars Building
* Central Saint Giles
* Chelsea Market
* Chrome Zone
* Data centers
* Modular
* Googleplex
* Mayfield Mall
* Pier 57
* Sidewalk Toronto
* St. John's Terminal
* YouTube Space
* YouTube Theater
Design
* Fonts
* Croscore
* Noto
* Product Sans
* Roboto
* Logo
* Doodle
* Doodle Champion Island Games
* Magic Cat Academy
* Material Design
Events
* Android
* Developer Challenge
* Developer Day
* Developer Lab
* Code-in
* Code Jam
* Developer Day
* Developers Live
* Doodle4Google
* G-Day
* I/O
* Jigsaw
* Living Stories
* Lunar XPRIZE
* Mapathon
* Science Fair
* Summer of Code
* Talks at Google
YouTube
* Awards
* CNN/YouTube presidential debates
* Comedy Week
* Live
* Music Awards
* Space Lab
* Symphony Orchestra
Projects and
initiatives
* 20% project
* Area 120
* Reply
* Tables
* ATAP
* Business Groups
* Computing University Initiative
* Data Liberation Front
* Data Transfer Project
* Developer Expert
* Digital Garage
* Digital News Initiative
* Digital Unlocked
* Dragonfly
* Founders' Award
* Free Zone
* Get Your Business Online
* Google for Education
* Google for Startups
* Labs
* Liquid Galaxy
* Made with Code
* Māori
* ML FairnessNative Client
* News Lab
* Nightingale
* OKR
* PowerMeter
* Privacy Sandbox
* Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab
* RechargeIT
* Shield
* Silicon Initiative
* Solve for X
* Starline
* Student Ambassador Program
* Submarine communications cables
* Dunant
* Grace Hopper
* Sunroof
* Versus Debates
* YouTube
* Creator Awards
* Next Lab and Audience Development Group
* Original Channel Initiative
* Zero
Criticism
* 2018 data breach
* 2018 walkouts
* Alphabet Workers Union
* Censorship
* DeGoogle
* "Did Google Manipulate Search for Hillary?"
* Dragonfly
* FairSearch
* "Ideological Echo Chamber" memo
* Litigation
* Privacy concerns
* Street View
* San Francisco tech bus protests
* Services outages
* Smartphone patent wars
* Worker organization
YouTube
* Back advertisement controversy
* Censorship
* Copyright issues
* Copyright strike
* Elsagate
* Fantastic Adventures scandal
* Headquarters shooting
* Kohistan video case
* Reactions to Innocence of Muslims
* Slovenian government incident
show
Development
Operating systems
* Android
* Automotive
* Glass OS
* Go
* gLinux
* Goobuntu
* Things
* TV
* Wear OS
* ChromeOS
* ChromiumOS
* Neverware
* Fuchsia
* TV
Libraries/
frameworks
* ALTS
* AMP
* Angular
* JS
* ARCore
* APIs
* Blockly
* Chart API
* Charts
* Dialogflow
* Exposure Notification
* Fast Pair
* Federated Learning of Cohorts
* File System
* FlatBuffers
* Flutter
* Gears
* gRPC
* Gson
* Guava
* Guice
* Guetzli
* JAX
* gVisor
* MapReduce
* Matter
* Mobile Services
* Neural Machine Translation
* OpenSocial
* Pack
* Polymer
* Protocol Buffers
* Reqwireless
* Shell
* Skia Graphics Engine
* Tango
* TensorFlow
* Test
* WaveNet
* Weave
* Web Accelerator
* WebRTC
Platforms
* App Engine
* AppJet
* Apps Script
* Cloud Platform
* Anvato
* Firebase
* Cloud Messaging
* Crashlytics
* Global IP Solutions
* Internet Low Bitrate Codec
* Internet Speech Audio Codec
* Gridcentric, Inc.
* ITA Software
* Kubernetes
* LevelDB
* Neatx
* SageTV
Apigee
* Bigtable
* Bitium
* Chronicle
* VirusTotal
* Compute Engine
* Connect
* Dataflow
* Datastore
* Kaggle
* Looker
* Mandiant
* Messaging
* Orbitera
* Shell
* Stackdriver
* Storage
Tools
* American Fuzzy Lop
* Android Cloud to Device Messaging
* Android Debug Bridge
* Android Studio
* App Maker
* App Runtime for Chrome
* AppSheet
* Bazel
* Chrome Frame
* Closure Tools
* Cpplint
* Data Protocol
* Gadgets
* Gerrit
* GYP
* Kythe
* Lighthouse
* MIT App Inventor
* Mashup Editor
* Native Client
* Optimize
* OpenRefine
* OR-Tools
* PageSpeed
* Plugin for Eclipse
* Programmable Search Engine
* Public DNS
* reCAPTCHA
* Schema.org
* Search Console
* Sitemaps
* Swiffy
* Tesseract (software)
* Trendalyzer
* VisBug
* Wave Federation Protocol
* Web Toolkit
Search algorithms
* Hummingbird
* PageRank
* applications in biochemistry
* Matrix
* Panda
* Penguin
* Pigeon
* RankBrain
Others
* BERT
* BigQuery
* Chrome Experiments
* Flutter
* Gemini
* Googlebot
* Keyhole Markup Language
* LaMDA
* Open Location Code
* PaLM
* Programming languages
* Caja
* Carbon
* Dart
* Go
* Sawzall
* Transformer
* Viewdle
* Webdriver Torso
* Web Server
File formats
* AAB
* APK
* AV1
* On2 Technologies
* VP3
* VP6
* VP8
* libvpx
* VP9
* WebM
* WebP
* WOFF2
show
Products
Entertainment
* Currents (news app)
* Green Throttle Games
* Owlchemy Labs
* Oyster
* PaperofRecord.com
* Podcasts
* Quick, Draw!
* Santa Tracker
* Songza
* Stadia
* games
* Typhoon Studios
* TV
* Vevo
* Video
Play
* Books
* Games
* most downloaded apps
* Music
* Newsstand
* Pass
* Services
YouTube
* BandPage
* BrandConnect
* Content ID
* Instant
* Kids
* Music
* Official channel
* Preferred
* Premium
* original programming
* YouTube Rewind
* RightsFlow
* Shorts
* Studio
* TV
Communication
* Allo
* Bump
* Buzz
* Chat
* Contacts
* Currents (social app)
* Dodgeball
* Duo
* Fi Wireless
* Friend Connect
* Gizmo5
* Google+
* Gmail
* History
* Inbox
* Interface
* Groups
* Hangouts
* Helpouts
* IME
* Japanese
* Pinyin
* Transliteration
* Jaiku
* Marratech
* Meebo
* Meet
* Messages
* Moderator
* Neotonic Software
* Orkut
* Postini
* Quest Visual
* Word Lens
* Schemer
* Spaces
* Sparrow
* Talk
* Translate
* Translator Toolkit
* Voice
* Voice Local Search
* Wave
Search
* Aardvark
* Alerts
* Answers
* Base
* BeatThatQuote.com
* Blog Search
* Books
* Ngram Viewer
* Code Search
* Data Commons
* Dataset Search
* Dictionary
* Directory
* Fast Flip
* Flu Trends
* Finance
* Goggles
* Google.by
* Images
* Image Labeler
* Image Swirl
* Kaltix
* Knowledge Graph
* Freebase
* Metaweb
* Like.com
* News
* Archive
* Weather
* Patents
* People Cards
* Personalized Search
* Public Data Explorer
* Questions and Answers
* SafeSearch
* Scholar
* Searchwiki
* Shopping
* Catalogs
* Express
* Squared
* Tenor
* Travel
* Flights
* Trends
* Insights for Search
* Voice Search
* WDYL
Navigation
* Earth
* Endoxon
* ImageAmerica
* Maps
* Latitude
* Map Maker
* Navigation
* Pin
* Street View
* Coverage
* Trusted
* Waze
Business
and finance
* Ad Manager
* AdMob
* Ads
* Adscape
* AdSense
* Attribution
* BebaPay
* Checkout
* Contributor
* DoubleClick
* Affiliate Network
* Invite Media
* Marketing Platform
* Analytics
* Looker Studio
* Urchin
* Pay (mobile app)
* Wallet
* Pay (payment method)
* Send
* Tez
* PostRank
* Primer
* Softcard
* Wildfire Interactive
* Widevine
Organization
and productivity
* Bookmarks
* Browser Sync
* Calendar
* Cloud Search
* Desktop
* Drive
* Etherpad
* fflick
* Files
* iGoogle
* Jamboard
* Notebook
* One
* Photos
* Quickoffice
* Quick Search Box
* Surveys
* Sync
* Tasks
* Toolbar
Docs Editors
* Docs
* Drawings
* Forms
* Fusion Tables
* Keep
* Sheets
* Slides
* Sites
Publishing
* Apture
* Blogger
* Pyra Labs
* Domains
* FeedBurner
* One Pass
* Page Creator
* Sites
* Web Designer
Education
* Classroom
* Grasshopper
* Socratic
* Photomath
* Read Along
* Workspace
* Marketplace
Others
* Account
* Dashboard
* Takeout
* Android Auto
* Android Beam
* Arts & Culture
* Assistant
* Authenticator
* Bard
* Body
* BufferBox
* Building Maker
* BumpTop
* Cast
* List of supported apps
* Cloud Print
* Crowdsource
* Expeditions
* Family Link
* Find My Device
* Fit
* Google Fonts
* Gboard
* Gesture Search
* Impermium
* Knol
* Lively
* Live Transcribe
* MyTracks
* Nearby Share
* Now
* Offers
* Opinion Rewards
* Person Finder
* PlinkArt
* Poly
* Question Hub
* Reader
* Safe Browsing
* Sidewiki
* SlickLogin
* Sound Amplifier
* Speech Services
* Station
* Store
* TalkBack
* Tilt Brush
* URL Shortener
* Voice Access
* Wavii
* Web Light
* WiFi
Chrome
* Apps
* Chromium
* Dinosaur Game
* GreenBorder
* Remote Desktop
* Web Store
* V8
Images and
photography
* Camera
* Lens
* Snapseed
* Nik Software
* Panoramio
* Photos
* Picasa
* Web Albums
* Picnik
show
Hardware
Smartphones
* Android Dev Phone
* Android One
* Nexus
* Nexus One
* S
* Galaxy Nexus
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 5X
* 6P
* Comparison
* Pixel
* Pixel
* 2
* 3
* 3a
* 4
* 4a
* 5
* 5a
* 6
* 6a
* 7
* 7a
* Fold
* 8
* Comparison
* Play Edition
* Project Ara
Laptops and tablets
* Chromebook
* Nexus
* 7 (2012)
* 7 (2013)
* 10
* 9
* Comparison
* Pixel
* Chromebook Pixel
* Pixelbook
* Pixelbook Go
* C
* Slate
* Tablet
Wearables
* Fitbit
* List of products
* Pixel Buds
* Pixel Watch
* Pixel Watch 2
* Project Iris (unreleased)
* Virtual reality
* Cardboard
* Contact Lens
* Daydream
* Glass
Others
* Chromebit
* Chromebox
* Clips
* Digital media players
* Chromecast
* Nexus Player
* Nexus Q
* Dropcam
* Liquid Galaxy
* Nest
* Smart Speakers
* Thermostat
* Wifi
* OnHub
* Pixel Visual Core
* Search Appliance
* Sycamore processor
* Tensor
* Tensor Processing Unit
* Titan Security Key
show
Related
Terms and phrases
* "Don't be evil"
* Gayglers
* Google (verb)
* Google bombing
* 2004 U.S. presidential election
* Google effect
* Googlefight
* Google hacking
* Googleshare
* Google tax
* Googlewhack
* Googlization
* "Illegal flower tribute"
* Rooting
* Search engine manipulation effect
* Sitelink
* Site reliability engineering
* YouTube poop
Documentaries
* AlphaGo
* Google: Behind the Screen
* Google Maps Road Trip
* Google and the World Brain
* The Creepy Line
Books
* Google Hacks
* The Google Story
* Google Volume One
* Googled: The End of the World as We Know It
* How Google Works
* I'm Feeling Lucky
* In the Plex
* The Google Book
Popular culture
* Google Feud
* Google Me (film)
* "Google Me" (Kim Zolciak song)
* "Google Me" (Teyana Taylor song)
* Is Google Making Us Stupid?
* Proceratium google
* Matt Nathanson: Live at Google
* The Billion Dollar Code
* The Internship
* Where on Google Earth is Carmen Sandiego?
Others
* elgooG
* g.co
* .google
* Pimp My Search
* Predictions of the end
* Relationship with Wikipedia
* Sensorvault
* Stanford Digital Library Project
* Italics indicate discontinued products or services.
* Category
* Commons
* Outline
* WikiProject
show
* v
* t
* e
Alphabet Inc.
Subsidiaries
Current
* Access
* Google Fiber
* Calico
* CapitalG
* Google
* DeepMind
* AlphaFold
* AlphaGo
* vs. Fan Hui
* vs. Ke Jie
* vs. Lee Sedol
* film
* Future of Go Summit
* AlphaGo Zero
* AlphaStar
* AlphaZero
* Master
* MuZero
* WaveNet
* DoubleClick
* Firebase
* Fitbit
* Tenor
* Waze
* YouTube
* GV
* Isomorphic Labs
* Verily
* Baseline Study
* X Development
* Waymo
* Wing
Former
* Boston Dynamics
* Chronicle Security
* Jigsaw
* Loon
* Makani
* Meka Robotics
* Nest Labs
* Sidewalk Labs
* Toronto
People
Executives
Current
* Sundar Pichai (CEO)
* Ruth Porat (CFO)
Former
* Larry Page (CEO)
* Sergey Brin (President)
* David Drummond (CLO)
Board of directors
Current
* Frances Arnold
* Sergey Brin
* R. Martin Chavez
* John Doerr
* John L. Hennessy
* Ann Mather
* Larry Page
* Sundar Pichai
* Ram Shriram
* Roger W. Ferguson Jr.
Former
* Diane Greene
* Alan Mulally
* Eric Schmidt
Others
* Andrew Conrad
* Tony Fadell
* Arthur D. Levinson
* David Krane
* Astro Teller
* Category
* Companies portal
* Internet portal
show
Links to related articles
show
* v
* t
* e
Open Handset Alliance
Mobile
operators
* Bouygues Telecom
* China Mobile
* China Telecommunications Corporation
* China Unicom
* Gruppo TIM
* KDDI
* Nepal Telecom
* NTT Docomo
* SoftBank Group
* Sprint Corporation
* T-Mobile
* Telefónica
* Telus
* Vodafone
Software
companies
* Access
* Ascender Corporation
* eBay
* Google
* Myriad Group
* Nuance Communications
* NXP Software
* Omron
* PacketVideo
* SVOX
* VisualOn
Semiconductor
companies
* AKM Semiconductor
* Arm
* Audience
* Broadcom
* CSR plc (joined as SiRF)
* Cypress Semiconductor
* Freescale Semiconductor
* Gemalto
* Intel
* Marvell Technology Group
* MediaTek
* MIPS Technologies
* Nvidia
* Qualcomm
* Qualcomm Atheros
* Renesas Electronics
* ST-Ericsson (joined as Ericsson Mobile Platforms)
* Synaptics
* Texas Instruments
Handset
makers
* Acer
* Alcatel Mobile Phones
* Asus
* Chaudhary Group (with association of LG)
* CCI
* Dell
* Foxconn
* Garmin
* HTC
* Huawei
* Kyocera
* Lenovo Mobile
* LG Electronics
* Motorola Mobility
* NEC Corporation
* Samsung Electronics
* Sharp Corporation
* Sony Mobile
* Toshiba
* ZTE
Commercialization
companies
* Accenture
* Borqs
* Sasken Communication Technologies
* Teleca
* The Astonishing Tribe
* Wind River Systems
* Wipro Technologies
See also
* Android
* Dalvik virtual machine
* Google Nexus
* T-Mobile G1
show
* v
* t
* e
Google Lunar X Prize
Organizers
* Google
* Sundar Pichai
* Larry Page
* Sergey Brin
* X Prize Foundation
* Peter Diamandis
Finalist teams
* Hakuto
* Moon Express
* SpaceIL
* Synergy Moon
* TeamIndus
Withdrawn teams
* Advaeros
* AngelicvM
* ARCA
* Astrobotic
* Barcelona Moon Team
* C-Base Open Moon
* Euroluna
* FREDNET
* Independence-X
* JURBAN
* LunaTrex
* Micro-Space
* Mystical Moon
* Next Giant Leap
* Odyssey Moon
* Omega Envoy
* Part-Time Scientists
* Penn State Lunar Lion Team
* Team Puli
* Quantum3
* Rocket City Space Pioneers
* SCSG
* Selenokhod
* SpaceMETA
* STELLAR
* Team Italia
* Team Phoenicia
* Team Plan B
* Team SELENE
Spacecraft
* ALINA (Part-Time Scientists)
* Beresheet (SpaceIL)
* HHK-1 / ECA (TeamIndus)
* MX-1E (Moon Express)
* Peregrine (Astrobotic)
* SORATO (Hakuto)
* Tesla (Synergy Moon)
* Unity (AngelicvM)
show
* v
* t
* e
Major mobile device companies
Companies with an annual revenue of over US$3 billion
* Acer
* Advan
* Alba
* Amazon
* Apple
* Asus
* BBK Electronics
* Oppo
* OnePlus
* Realme
* Vivo
* iQOO
* BlackBerry Limited
* BLU Products
* Bush
* Dell
* Foxconn
* Sharp
* InFocus
* Nokia
* Fujitsu
* GeeksPhone
* Gionee
* Google (Fitbit)
* Haier
* Hisense
* Honor
* HTC
* HP
* Huawei
* Intel
* Kyocera
* Lenovo
* Motorola Mobility
* LG
* Meizu
* Microsoft
* Lumia
* HMD Global
* Nokia
* Onyx Boox
* Panasonic
* Samsung
* Sony
* TCL
* Alcatel Mobile
* BlackBerry Mobile
* RCA
* Palm
* Toshiba
* Transsion
* Tecno
* Infinix
* Itel
* Tinno Mobile
* Wiko
* True
* Vaio
* VinSmart
* Xiaomi
* Redmi
* POCO
* Black Shark
* ZTE
* Nubia
* Zoostorm
See also Largest IT companies Category:Mobile technology companies
Category:Mobile phone manufacturers
show
* v
* t
* e
Major Internet companies
Companies with an annual revenue of over US$4 billion
Internet
* Adobe
* Alibaba
* Alphabet
* Google
* Amazon
* Apple
* Baidu
* IAC
* Kakao
* Meituan
* Meta
* Facebook
* Microsoft
* Naver
* NetEase
* Tencent
* Yandex
Cloud computing
* Akamai
* Alibaba Cloud
* AWS
* Apple iCloud
* Google
* IBM
* Microsoft Azure
* Oracle Corporation
* Salesforce
* ServiceNow
E-commerce
* Amazon.com
* Apple
* Booking Holdings
* Coupang
* eBay
* Expedia
* Flipkart
* Groupon
* JD.com
* Lazada
* Mercado Libre
* Rakuten
* Shopee
* Shopify
* Suning.com
* Trip.com
* Uber
* Wayfair
* Zalando
Media
* Bloomberg
* BuzzFeed
* ByteDance
* G/O Media
* Kuaishou
* Netflix
* Paramount Streaming
* Spotify
* Warner Bros. Discovery
show
* v
* t
* e
Major software companies
Companies with annual software revenue of over US$3 billion
* Adobe
* Amadeus IT Group
* Amazon
* Apple
* Autodesk
* Citrix
* FIS
* Google
* HPE
* IBM
* Intuit
* Infor
* Microsoft
* Oracle
* Quest Software
* Sage Group
* SAP
* Tencent
See also Largest IT companies Largest software companies Category:Software
companies
show
* v
* t
* e
Laureates of the Prince or Princess of Asturias Award for Communication and
Humanities
Prince of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities
1980s
* 1981: María Zambrano
* 1982: Mario Bunge
* 1983: El País newspaper
* 1984: Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz
* 1985: José Ferrater Mora
* 1986: Grupo Globo
* 1987: El Espectador and El Tiempo newspapers
* 1988: Horacio Sáenz Guerrero
* 1989: Pedro Laín Entralgo and Fondo de Cultura Económica
1990s
* 1990: José Simeón Cañas Central American University
* 1991: Luis María Anson
* 1992: Emilio García Gómez
* 1993: Vuelta magazine by Octavio Paz
* 1994: Spanish Missions in Rwanda and Burundi
* 1995: EFE Agency and José Luis López Aranguren
* 1996: Indro Montanelli and Julián Marías
* 1997: Václav Havel and CNN
* 1998: Reinhard Mohn
* 1999: Caro and Cuervo Institute
2000s
* 2000: Umberto Eco
* 2001: George Steiner
* 2002: Hans Magnus Enzensberger
* 2003: Ryszard Kapuściński and Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino
* 2004: Jean Daniel
* 2005: Alliance française, Società Dante Alighieri, British Council,
Goethe-Institut, Instituto Cervantes and Instituto Camões
* 2006: National Geographic Society
* 2007: Nature and Science journals
* 2008: Google
* 2009: National Autonomous University of Mexico
2010s
* 2010: Alain Touraine and Zygmunt Bauman
* 2011: Royal Society
* 2012: Shigeru Miyamoto
* 2013: Annie Leibovitz
* 2014: Quino
Princess of Asturias Award for Communication and Humanities
2010s
* 2015: Emilio Lledó Íñigo
* 2016: James Nachtwey
* 2017: Les Luthiers
* 2018: Alma Guillermoprieto
* 2019: Museo del Prado
2020s
* 2020: Guadalajara International Book Fair and Hay Festival of Literature &
Arts
* 2021: Gloria Steinem
* 2022: Adam Michnik
* 2023: Nuccio Ordine
show
* v
* t
* e
Electronics industry in the United States
Companies
Home appliances
* Apple
* Bose
* Cisco
* Corsair
* Dell
* Dolby Laboratories
* Element Electronics
* Emerson Radio
* Harman
* Honeywell
* HP
* InFocus
* Jensen Electronics
* Kenmore
* Kingston
* Kimball
* Koss
* Lexmark
* Logitech
* Magnavox
* Marantz
* Memorex
* Microsoft
* Monster
* Plantronics
* Planar Systems
* Pyle USA
* Razer
* Seagate
* Seiki Digital
* Skullcandy
* Turtle Beach
* ViewSonic
* Vizio
* Western Digital
* HGST
* SanDisk
* Westinghouse Electric Company
* Westinghouse Electronics
* Xerox
Electronic components
* 3M
* Achronix
* Analog Devices
* Maxim Integrated
* Applied Materials
* Altera
* AVX
* Cirque
* Diodes Inc.
* Flex
* Jabil
* KEMET
* Maxwell Technologies
* Sanmina
* Vishay
Semiconductor devices
* AMD
* Ampere Computing
* Apple
* Broadcom
* Cypress Semiconductor
* GlobalFoundries
* IBM
* Intel
* Interlink
* KLA-Tencor
* Lam Research
* Lattice
* Marvell Technology
* Microchip (Atmel)
* Micron
* NetApp
* Nimbus Data
* Nvidia
* Mellanox
* NXP
* Onsemi
* Qualcomm
* Silicon Image
* Synaptics
* Tabula
* Texas Instruments
* Xilinx
* Zilog
Mobile devices
* Apple
* BLU
* Google
* Lenovo (Motorola Mobility)
Other
* Cadence Design Systems
* Cray
* GE
* RCA
* Oracle Corporation
* Synopsys
Defunct
* Actel
* Atari Corporation
* Commodore
* Compaq
* Fairchild
* Freescale
* LSI
* Microsemi
* National Semiconductor
* Palm
* Philco
* RCA
* Signetics
* Silicon Graphics
* Solectron
* Sun Microsystems
* Zenith Electronics
Portals:
* Companies
* Computer programming
* Internet
* San Francisco Bay Area
* Technology
show
Authority control databases
International
* ISNI
* VIAF
National
* Norway
* France
* BnF data
* Catalonia
* Germany
* Israel
* United States
* Czech Republic
* Australia
* Sweden
Artists
* Museum of Modern Art
* Te Papa (New Zealand)
People
* Trove
Other
* IdRef
Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Google&oldid=1189081475"
Categories:
* Google
* 1998 establishments in California
* 2004 initial public offerings
* Alphabet Inc.
* AI companies
* American corporate subsidiaries
* Cloud computing providers
* Companies based in Mountain View, California
* Companies in the PRISM network
* Computer companies established in 1998
* Computer companies of the United States
* Computer hardware companies
* Computer systems companies
* Internet properties established in 1998
* Mobile phone manufacturers
* Multinational companies headquartered in the United States
* Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
* Technology companies established in 1998
* University spin-offs
* Virtual reality companies
* Web portals
* Web service providers
* Webby Award winners
Hidden categories:
* Pages using the Phonos extension
* Articles with short description
* Short description is different from Wikidata
* Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism
* Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages
* Articles to be merged from May 2023
* All articles to be merged
* Use American English from July 2022
* All Wikipedia articles written in American English
* Use mdy dates from August 2022
* Infobox network service provider ASN same as Wikidata
* Pages including recorded pronunciations
* Articles containing potentially dated statements from August 2015
* All articles containing potentially dated statements
* Articles containing potentially dated statements from 1998
* Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2020
* Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2020
* Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2019
* Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007
* Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2009
* Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata
* Pages using Sister project links with default search
* Articles with ISNI identifiers
* Articles with VIAF identifiers
* Articles with BIBSYS identifiers
* Articles with BNF identifiers
* Articles with BNFdata identifiers
* Articles with CANTICN identifiers
* Articles with GND identifiers
* Articles with J9U identifiers
* Articles with LCCN identifiers
* Articles with NKC identifiers
* Articles with NLA identifiers
* Articles with SELIBR identifiers
* Articles with MoMA identifiers
* Articles with TePapa identifiers
* Articles with Trove identifiers
* Articles with SUDOC identifiers
* This page was last edited on 9 December 2023, at 15:54 (UTC).
* Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License
4.0; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms
of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the
Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
* Privacy policy
* About Wikipedia
* Disclaimers
* Contact Wikipedia
* Code of Conduct
* Developers
* Statistics
* Cookie statement
* Mobile view
* Edit preview settings
*
*
* Toggle limited content width