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Skip to content Follow @fastapi on Twitter to stay updated Subscribe to the FastAPI and friends newsletter 🎉 You can now sponsor FastAPI 🍰 sponsor sponsor sponsor sponsor sponsor sponsor FastAPI FastAPI * en - English * de * 😉 * es - español * fa * fr - français * he * id * ja - 日本語 * ko - 한국어 * pl * pt - português * ru - русский язык * tr - Türkçe * uk * ur * vi - Tiếng Việt * yo - Yorùbá * zh - 汉语 Type to start searching tiangolo/fastapi * 0.104.1 * 64.8k * 5.5k * FastAPI * Features * Learn * Reference - Code API * FastAPI People * Resources * About * Help * Release Notes FastAPI tiangolo/fastapi * 0.104.1 * 64.8k * 5.5k * FastAPI FastAPI Table of contents * Sponsors * Opinions * Typer, the FastAPI of CLIs * Requirements * Installation * Example * Create it * Run it * Check it * Interactive API docs * Alternative API docs * Example upgrade * Interactive API docs upgrade * Alternative API docs upgrade * Recap * Performance * Optional Dependencies * License * Features * Learn Learn * Python Types Intro * Concurrency and async / await * Tutorial - User Guide Tutorial - User Guide * First Steps * Path Parameters * Query Parameters * Request Body * Query Parameters and String Validations * Path Parameters and Numeric Validations * Body - Multiple Parameters * Body - Fields * Body - Nested Models * Declare Request Example Data * Extra Data Types * Cookie Parameters * Header Parameters * Response Model - Return Type * Extra Models * Response Status Code * Form Data * Request Files * Request Forms and Files * Handling Errors * Path Operation Configuration * JSON Compatible Encoder * Body - Updates * Dependencies Dependencies * Classes as Dependencies * Sub-dependencies * Dependencies in path operation decorators * Global Dependencies * Dependencies with yield * Security Security * Security - First Steps * Get Current User * Simple OAuth2 with Password and Bearer * OAuth2 with Password (and hashing), Bearer with JWT tokens * Middleware * CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) * SQL (Relational) Databases * Bigger Applications - Multiple Files * Background Tasks * Metadata and Docs URLs * Static Files * Testing * Debugging * Advanced User Guide Advanced User Guide * Path Operation Advanced Configuration * Additional Status Codes * Return a Response Directly * Custom Response - HTML, Stream, File, others * Additional Responses in OpenAPI * Response Cookies * Response Headers * Response - Change Status Code * Advanced Dependencies * Advanced Security Advanced Security * OAuth2 scopes * HTTP Basic Auth * Using the Request Directly * Using Dataclasses * Advanced Middleware * Sub Applications - Mounts * Behind a Proxy * Templates * WebSockets * Lifespan Events * Testing WebSockets * Testing Events: startup - shutdown * Testing Dependencies with Overrides * Testing a Database * Async Tests * Settings and Environment Variables * OpenAPI Callbacks * OpenAPI Webhooks * Including WSGI - Flask, Django, others * Generate Clients * Deployment Deployment * About FastAPI versions * About HTTPS * Run a Server Manually - Uvicorn * Deployments Concepts * Deploy FastAPI on Cloud Providers * Server Workers - Gunicorn with Uvicorn * FastAPI in Containers - Docker * How To - Recipes How To - Recipes * General - How To - Recipes * SQL (Relational) Databases with Peewee * Async SQL (Relational) Databases with Encode/Databases * NoSQL (Distributed / Big Data) Databases with Couchbase * GraphQL * Custom Request and APIRoute class * Conditional OpenAPI * Extending OpenAPI * Separate OpenAPI Schemas for Input and Output or Not * Custom Docs UI Static Assets (Self-Hosting) * Configure Swagger UI * Reference - Code API Reference - Code API * `FastAPI` class * Request Parameters * Status Codes * `UploadFile` class * Exceptions - `HTTPException` and `WebSocketException` * Dependencies - `Depends()` and `Security()` * `APIRouter` class * Background Tasks - `BackgroundTasks` * `Request` class * WebSockets * `HTTPConnection` class * `Response` class * Custom Response Classes - File, HTML, Redirect, Streaming, etc. * Middleware * OpenAPI OpenAPI * OpenAPI `docs` * OpenAPI `models` * Security Tools * Encoders - `jsonable_encoder` * Static Files - `StaticFiles` * Templating - `Jinja2Templates` * Test Client - `TestClient` * FastAPI People * Resources Resources * Project Generation - Template * External Links and Articles * FastAPI and friends newsletter * About About * Alternatives, Inspiration and Comparisons * History, Design and Future * Benchmarks * Help Help * Help FastAPI - Get Help * Development - Contributing * Release Notes Table of contents * Sponsors * Opinions * Typer, the FastAPI of CLIs * Requirements * Installation * Example * Create it * Run it * Check it * Interactive API docs * Alternative API docs * Example upgrade * Interactive API docs upgrade * Alternative API docs upgrade * Recap * Performance * Optional Dependencies * License FASTAPI FastAPI framework, high performance, easy to learn, fast to code, ready for production -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Documentation: https://fastapi.tiangolo.com Source Code: https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FastAPI is a modern, fast (high-performance), web framework for building APIs with Python 3.8+ based on standard Python type hints. The key features are: * Fast: Very high performance, on par with NodeJS and Go (thanks to Starlette and Pydantic). One of the fastest Python frameworks available. * Fast to code: Increase the speed to develop features by about 200% to 300%. * * Fewer bugs: Reduce about 40% of human (developer) induced errors. * * Intuitive: Great editor support. Completion everywhere. Less time debugging. * Easy: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs. * Short: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs. * Robust: Get production-ready code. With automatic interactive documentation. * Standards-based: Based on (and fully compatible with) the open standards for APIs: OpenAPI (previously known as Swagger) and JSON Schema. * estimation based on tests on an internal development team, building production applications. SPONSORS¶ Other sponsors OPINIONS¶ "[...] I'm using FastAPI a ton these days. [...] I'm actually planning to use it for all of my team's ML services at Microsoft. Some of them are getting integrated into the core Windows product and some Office products." Kabir Khan - Microsoft (ref) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "We adopted the FastAPI library to spawn a REST server that can be queried to obtain predictions. [for Ludwig]" Piero Molino, Yaroslav Dudin, and Sai Sumanth Miryala - Uber (ref) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "Netflix is pleased to announce the open-source release of our crisis management orchestration framework: Dispatch! [built with FastAPI]" Kevin Glisson, Marc Vilanova, Forest Monsen - Netflix (ref) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "I’m over the moon excited about FastAPI. It’s so fun!" Brian Okken - Python Bytes podcast host (ref) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "Honestly, what you've built looks super solid and polished. In many ways, it's what I wanted Hug to be - it's really inspiring to see someone build that." Timothy Crosley - Hug creator (ref) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "If you're looking to learn one modern framework for building REST APIs, check out FastAPI [...] It's fast, easy to use and easy to learn [...]" "We've switched over to FastAPI for our APIs [...] I think you'll like it [...]" Ines Montani - Matthew Honnibal - Explosion AI founders - spaCy creators (ref) - (ref) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- "If anyone is looking to build a production Python API, I would highly recommend FastAPI. It is beautifully designed, simple to use and highly scalable, it has become a key component in our API first development strategy and is driving many automations and services such as our Virtual TAC Engineer." Deon Pillsbury - Cisco (ref) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TYPER, THE FASTAPI OF CLIS¶ If you are building a CLI app to be used in the terminal instead of a web API, check out Typer. Typer is FastAPI's little sibling. And it's intended to be the FastAPI of CLIs. ⌨️ 🚀 REQUIREMENTS¶ Python 3.8+ FastAPI stands on the shoulders of giants: * Starlette for the web parts. * Pydantic for the data parts. INSTALLATION¶ fast →pip install fastapi restart ↻ You will also need an ASGI server, for production such as Uvicorn or Hypercorn. fast →pip install "uvicorn[standard]" restart ↻ EXAMPLE¶ CREATE IT¶ * Create a file main.py with: from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI app = FastAPI() @app.get("/") def read_root(): return {"Hello": "World"} @app.get("/items/{item_id}") def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} Or use async def... If your code uses async / await, use async def: from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI app = FastAPI() @app.get("/") async def read_root(): return {"Hello": "World"} @app.get("/items/{item_id}") async def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} Note: If you don't know, check the "In a hurry?" section about async and await in the docs. RUN IT¶ Run the server with: fast →uvicorn main:app --reload INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit) INFO: Started reloader process [28720] INFO: Started server process [28722] INFO: Waiting for application startup. INFO: Application startup complete. restart ↻ About the command uvicorn main:app --reload... The command uvicorn main:app refers to: * main: the file main.py (the Python "module"). * app: the object created inside of main.py with the line app = FastAPI(). * --reload: make the server restart after code changes. Only do this for development. CHECK IT¶ Open your browser at http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/5?q=somequery. You will see the JSON response as: {"item_id": 5, "q": "somequery"} You already created an API that: * Receives HTTP requests in the paths / and /items/{item_id}. * Both paths take GET operations (also known as HTTP methods). * The path /items/{item_id} has a path parameter item_id that should be an int. * The path /items/{item_id} has an optional str query parameter q. INTERACTIVE API DOCS¶ Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. You will see the automatic interactive API documentation (provided by Swagger UI): ALTERNATIVE API DOCS¶ And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. You will see the alternative automatic documentation (provided by ReDoc): EXAMPLE UPGRADE¶ Now modify the file main.py to receive a body from a PUT request. Declare the body using standard Python types, thanks to Pydantic. from typing import Union from fastapi import FastAPI from pydantic import BaseModel app = FastAPI() class Item(BaseModel): name: str price: float is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None @app.get("/") def read_root(): return {"Hello": "World"} @app.get("/items/{item_id}") def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None): return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q} @app.put("/items/{item_id}") def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item): return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} The server should reload automatically (because you added --reload to the uvicorn command above). INTERACTIVE API DOCS UPGRADE¶ Now go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs. * The interactive API documentation will be automatically updated, including the new body: * Click on the button "Try it out", it allows you to fill the parameters and directly interact with the API: * Then click on the "Execute" button, the user interface will communicate with your API, send the parameters, get the results and show them on the screen: ALTERNATIVE API DOCS UPGRADE¶ And now, go to http://127.0.0.1:8000/redoc. * The alternative documentation will also reflect the new query parameter and body: RECAP¶ In summary, you declare once the types of parameters, body, etc. as function parameters. You do that with standard modern Python types. You don't have to learn a new syntax, the methods or classes of a specific library, etc. Just standard Python 3.8+. For example, for an int: item_id: int or for a more complex Item model: item: Item ...and with that single declaration you get: * Editor support, including: * Completion. * Type checks. * Validation of data: * Automatic and clear errors when the data is invalid. * Validation even for deeply nested JSON objects. * Conversion of input data: coming from the network to Python data and types. Reading from: * JSON. * Path parameters. * Query parameters. * Cookies. * Headers. * Forms. * Files. * Conversion of output data: converting from Python data and types to network data (as JSON): * Convert Python types (str, int, float, bool, list, etc). * datetime objects. * UUID objects. * Database models. * ...and many more. * Automatic interactive API documentation, including 2 alternative user interfaces: * Swagger UI. * ReDoc. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Coming back to the previous code example, FastAPI will: * Validate that there is an item_id in the path for GET and PUT requests. * Validate that the item_id is of type int for GET and PUT requests. * If it is not, the client will see a useful, clear error. * Check if there is an optional query parameter named q (as in http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo?q=somequery) for GET requests. * As the q parameter is declared with = None, it is optional. * Without the None it would be required (as is the body in the case with PUT). * For PUT requests to /items/{item_id}, Read the body as JSON: * Check that it has a required attribute name that should be a str. * Check that it has a required attribute price that has to be a float. * Check that it has an optional attribute is_offer, that should be a bool, if present. * All this would also work for deeply nested JSON objects. * Convert from and to JSON automatically. * Document everything with OpenAPI, that can be used by: * Interactive documentation systems. * Automatic client code generation systems, for many languages. * Provide 2 interactive documentation web interfaces directly. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We just scratched the surface, but you already get the idea of how it all works. Try changing the line with: return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id} ...from: ... "item_name": item.name ... ...to: ... "item_price": item.price ... ...and see how your editor will auto-complete the attributes and know their types: For a more complete example including more features, see the Tutorial - User Guide. Spoiler alert: the tutorial - user guide includes: * Declaration of parameters from other different places as: headers, cookies, form fields and files. * How to set validation constraints as maximum_length or regex. * A very powerful and easy to use Dependency Injection system. * Security and authentication, including support for OAuth2 with JWT tokens and HTTP Basic auth. * More advanced (but equally easy) techniques for declaring deeply nested JSON models (thanks to Pydantic). * GraphQL integration with Strawberry and other libraries. * Many extra features (thanks to Starlette) as: * WebSockets * extremely easy tests based on HTTPX and pytest * CORS * Cookie Sessions * ...and more. PERFORMANCE¶ Independent TechEmpower benchmarks show FastAPI applications running under Uvicorn as one of the fastest Python frameworks available, only below Starlette and Uvicorn themselves (used internally by FastAPI). (*) To understand more about it, see the section Benchmarks. OPTIONAL DEPENDENCIES¶ Used by Pydantic: * email_validator - for email validation. * pydantic-settings - for settings management. * pydantic-extra-types - for extra types to be used with Pydantic. Used by Starlette: * httpx - Required if you want to use the TestClient. * jinja2 - Required if you want to use the default template configuration. * python-multipart - Required if you want to support form "parsing", with request.form(). * itsdangerous - Required for SessionMiddleware support. * pyyaml - Required for Starlette's SchemaGenerator support (you probably don't need it with FastAPI). * ujson - Required if you want to use UJSONResponse. Used by FastAPI / Starlette: * uvicorn - for the server that loads and serves your application. * orjson - Required if you want to use ORJSONResponse. You can install all of these with pip install "fastapi[all]". LICENSE¶ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license. Made with Material for MkDocs You can ask questions about FastAPI. Try: How do you deploy FastAPI? What are type hints? What is OpenAPI?