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OUTLINE

1. Highlights
2. Abstract
3. Keywords
4. 1. Introduction
5. 2. Background and related work
6. 3. Research method
7. 4. Results
8. 5. Discussions of results
9. 6. Threats to validity
10. 7. Conclusions
11. CRediT authorship contribution statement
12. Declaration of Competing Interest
13. Acknowledgments
14. Appendix A. List of primary studies
15. Appendix B. Supplementary material
16. References
17. Vitae

Show full outline

CITED BY (1)

FIGURES (10)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

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TABLES (5)

1. Table 1
2. Table 2
3. Table 3
4. Table 4
5. Table 5

JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE

Volume 179, September 2021, 111004

THREE DECADES OF SOFTWARE REFERENCE ARCHITECTURES: A SYSTEMATIC MAPPING STUDY☆

Author links open overlay
panelLinaGarcésaSilverioMartínez-FernándezbLucasOliveiracPedroValledClaudiaAyalabXavierFranchbElisa
YumiNakagawad
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HIGHLIGHTS

•

Academia has led to the creation of classical-preliminary reference
architectures.

•

The industry has driven standardization and maturity of reference architectures.

•

Collaboration between industry-academia has increased during the last decade.

•

The use of architectural approaches has decreased in the previous decade.

•

Approximately 80% of reference architectures have low maturity levels.

ABSTRACT

Software reference architectures have played an essential role in software
systems development due to the possibility of knowledge reuse. Although
increasingly adopted by industry, these architectures are not yet completely
understood. This work presents a panorama on existing software reference
architectures, characterizing them according to their context, goals,
perspectives, application domains, design approaches, and maturity, as well as
the industry involvement for their construction. For this, we planned and
conducted a systematic mapping study. During last decade, the number of
reference architectures in very diverse application domains has increased,
resulting from efforts of industry, academia, and through their collaborations.
Academic reference architectures are oriented to facilitate the reuse of
architectural and domain knowledge. The industry has focused on architectures
for standardization with certain maturity level. However, the great amount of
architectures studied in this work have been designed without following a
systematic process, and they lack the maturity to be used in real software
projects. Further investigations can be oriented to gathering empirical
evidences, from different sources than academic data libraries, that allow to
understand how references architectures have been constructed, utilized, and
maintained during the whole software life-cycle.

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KEYWORDS

Software architecture
Reference architecture
Systematic mapping
Secondary study
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CITED BY (1)

* APPLICATION OF A GOVERNMENT DATA CENTER (GDC) REFERENCE MODEL FOR SECURITY
MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS

2021, Proceedings - 2021 IEEE International Conference on e-Business
Engineering, ICEBE 2021

Lina Garcés is an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Mathematics and
Computing, Federal University of Itajubá (IMC/UNIFEI), Brazil. She was a
postdoctoral research fellow (2019–2020) at University of São Paulo (USP),
Brazil. She received her BEng (2009) and M.Sc. (2012) from the Industrial
University of Santander (UIS), Colombia, and her Ph.D. (2018) from USP, and
University of Southern Brittany (UBS), France. Her main research interests are
software architectures, software engineering, empirical software engineering,
interoperability, systems-of-systems, e-Health, and ambient assisted living. She
is a member of the IEEE, SBC (Brazilian Computer Society), and SBIS (Brazilian
Society of Health Informatics) acting in the consolidation of technical
standards for Clinical IoT. Contact her at lina@unifei.edu.br

Silverio Martínez-Fernández is an Assistant Professor at UPC-Barcelona-Tech
since January 2020. He was a Post-Doctoral Fellow of the European Research
Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics (2016–2018) and operative project
manager (2018–2019) in Fraunhofer IESE (Germany). His interests include
Empirical Software Engineering, Reference Architectures, Software Analytics,
Data-driven Development, and AI/ML-based systems. In EU framework programmes, he
acted as Evaluation WP leader in Q-Rapids (H2020, RIA). He has participated in
the organization of several conferences and workshops (e.g., co-chair of PROFES
2019, CESI@ICSE 2018). He is Editorial Board Member of the SCI-indexed journal
IET Software (IEEE). He has also been reviewer of multiple journals (e.g. IST,
JSS, IJCIS) and PC member of international conferences (e.g. ESEM, ICSME, ECSA,
CIbSE). Contact him at silverio.martinez@upc.edu.

Lucas Bueno Ruas de Oliveira is an Assistant Professor at the Federal Institute
of São Paulo (IFSP), Brazil. He received his double PhD degree in Computer
Science from University of São Paulo (USP) and University of Southern Brittany
(UBS), in 2015. He conducted a research internship in the ARCHWARE team at
IRISA, France, and worked as postdoctoral fellow at USP. His main research
interests are related to software architecture, reference architecture,
service-oriented architecture, and robotic systems. He is a member of the
Brazilian Computer Society (SBC). Contact him at lucas.oliveira@ifsp.edu.br.

Pedro Valle is a doctorate student in computer sciences at the Institute of
Mathematic and Computer Sciences (ICMC) - University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil.
He received his B.Sc. (2013) from the Federal University of Goiás (UFG) and his
M.Sc. (2016) in computer science from USP. Currently, his research interests are
software architecture, reference architectures, interoperability, and
Systems-of-Systems. Contact him at pedrohenriquevalle@usp.br.

Claudia Ayala is an Associate Professor at the Universitat Politècnica de
Catalunya (UPC). She received her Ph.D. degree in Informatics from UPC. She was
a postdoctoral ERCIM research fellow at the Norwegian University of Science and
Technology (NTNU), Norway. Her current research interests include empirical
software engineering, open source software engineering, requirements
engineering, software architecture and quality. She serves as reviewer of
several journals and is a member of several program committees in the area.
Contact her at cayala@essi.upc.edu.

Xavier Franch is a full professor of informatics at Universitat Politècnica de
Catalunya (UPC). His main interests are in Requirements Engineering, Software
Architecture, and Empirical Software Engineering. He belongs to the Editorial
Board of IST, REJ, Computing, and IJCIS. He is Journal First chair at JSS and
Editor-in-Chief at IET Software. He has been chair and has organized more than
fifty international scientific events in the area of software engineering.
Contact him at franch@essi.upc.edu.

Elisa Yumi Nakagawa is a M.S. (1998) and Ph.D. (2006) in Computer Science from
the Institute of Mathematic and Computer Sciences (ICMC) - University of São
Paulo (USP), Brazil. She conducted her Post-Doctoral in 2011–2012 in Fraunhofer
IESE, Germany, and in 2014–2015 at University of Southern Brittany (UBS),
France. She is associate professor in the Department of Computer Systems at USP.
Her main research interests are software architecture, reference architectures,
systems-of-systems, software testing, and evidence-based software engineering.
She is a member of the IEEE and SBC. Contact her at elisa@icmc.usp.br.

☆

Editor: Alexander Chatzigeorgiou.

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