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China is hunting Uyghurs around the world, with help from some surprising
countries

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World


CHINA IS HUNTING UYGHURS AROUND THE WORLD, WITH HELP FROM SOME SURPRISING
COUNTRIES

More than 1,500 Uyghurs have been detained, extradited or rendered, most in the
Middle East and North Africa, says a report from the Woodrow Wilson Center.
/




CHINA ENLISTING INTERNATIONAL HELP TO FORCE UYGHURS BACK WITHIN ITS BORDERS

April 25, 202202:52

Link copied
April 25, 2022, 8:32 AM UTC
By Anna Schecter

The Chinese government is not only mistreating Uyghurs within China's borders,
it is hunting them down abroad — with help from countries like Saudi Arabia,
Egypt and the United Arab Emirates — to clamp down on criticism of Beijing’s
repression of Muslim minorities.

The scale of the Chinese Ministry of State Security’s efforts to harass, detain
and extradite Uyghurs from around the world, and the cooperation it is getting
from governments in the Middle East and North Africa, is described in
unprecedented detail in a new report, “Great Wall of Steel,” by the Woodrow
Wilson Center’s Kissinger Institute on China and the United States.




More than 5,500 Uyghurs outside of China have been targeted by Beijing, hit with
cyberattacks and threats to family members who remain in China, and more
than 1,500 Uyghurs have been detained or forced to return to China to
face imprisonment and torture in police custody, according to the report.

“It is the first major study to place the Xinjiang humanitarian crisis in a
global context, showing the international dimension of Beijing’s campaign to
suppress the Uyghurs,” said the report’s author, Bradley Jardine, a Schwartzman
fellow at the Wilson Center and director of research at the Oxus Society for
Central Asian Affairs.

The detentions and forced repatriations to China are ongoing.  

On April 13, Amnesty International reported that Saudi Arabia was preparing to
deport a Uyghur woman and her 13-year-old daughter to China, where they would
risk being detained in the vast web of “re-education camps” in western China’s
Xinjiang Province. The girl’s father and another Uyghur, a Muslim scholar, are
also detained in the kingdom. It is unclear if any of them were formally
charged.



Anthropologist Adrian Zenz, who has studied and documented Beijing’s systematic
repression of Uyghurs, says Beijing is using economic might and gifts of
infrastructure projects — its global Belt and Road initiative — to pressure
countries, including those with majority Muslim populations that might be
sympathetic to the Uyghurs’ plight.

“The Chinese are quite scared of what Muslim populations think of their
treatment of the Uyghurs and have exerted particular effort in influencing
government and popular opinion in those countries,” said Zenz, who is a senior
fellow in China studies at the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation,
a nonprofit based in Washington.


CAMPS FOR UYGHURS

Chinese authorities in Xinjiang began rounding up women and men in 2017 —
largely Muslims from the Uyghur, Kazakh and Kyrgyz ethnic minorities — and
detaining them in camps designed to rid them of terrorist or extremist leanings.


A watchtower on a high-security facility near what is believed to be a
re-education camp where mostly Muslim ethnic minorities are detained, on the
outskirts of Hotan, in China's northwestern Xinjiang region, on May 31,
2019.Greg Baker / AFP via Getty Images file


From 1 million to 2 million Uyghurs and members of other minorities from
Xinjiang are believed to be held in the camps, where they are forced to study
Marxism, renounce their religion, work in factories and face abuse, according to
human rights groups and first-hand accounts. Beijing says these “re-education
camps” provide vocational training and are necessary to fight extremism. The
Chinese Embassy in Washington did not respond to a request for comment on this
article. 



According to the report, what scholars call “transnational repression,” ranging
from online harassment to detention and extradition, has taken place in 44
countries, and Uyghurs have been threatened and intimidated in United States,
Japan and across the European Union. More than 1,500 detentions and forced
returns to China have occurred since 1997, more than 1,300 of them since 2014.

The report breaks down the repression into three distinct stages. From 1997 to
2007, 89 Uyghurs were detained or deported by local security services primarily
in South and Central Asia. In the second phase, from 2008 to 2013, 126 Uyghurs
were targeted primarily in Southeast Asia. And in the ongoing third phase, from
2014 to present, 1,364 Uyghurs have been detained, extradited or rendered from
18 countries concentrated in the Middle East and North Africa.

The report is based on a database built by Jardine in partnership with the
Uyghur Human Rights Project and the Oxus Society for Central Asian Affairs
called "China’s Transnational Repression of Uyghurs Dataset." Researchers culled
news reports and government documents and conducted interviews with Uyghurs to
compile the comprehensive list of documented instances of persecution outside of
China. Reporting by Jardine and NBC News indicates that the scale is likely more
extensive than is officially reported.

The database includes 424 cases of Uyghurs forcibly returned to
China, most since 2014, when the Chinese Communist Party launched its own “War
on Terror.”

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China’s secret service has relied on foreign governments in many cases and
Interpol in some cases to help repatriate Uyghurs they wish to control,
according to the report.


UYGHUR FAMILIES SAY CHINA’S GOVERNMENT IS TEARING THEM APART

Feb. 4, 202101:51


“This changes the Uyghur story by making clear that China is not only
mistreating Uyghurs within China’s borders, but is also pursuing them
internationally, through both legal and illegal channels, on a large
scale,” said Robert Daly, director of the Wilson Center’s Kissinger Institute.
“China is pursuing, harassing, and detaining Chinese Uyghurs around the world
and returning them to China for punishment whenever possible.”


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Many of the Uyghurs in the database have been detained and sent back to China
without being charged with a crime, while others have faced accusations ranging
from missing passports and visas to terrorism. Some were accused of making or
associating with individuals who have made political statements critical of
Beijing’s repressive policies in Xinjiang, while others were deported merely for
having studied religion abroad. The database includes 60 documented cases of
Uyghurs accused of promoting or partaking in separatism or terrorism or being
linked to an extremist group.

In Morocco, a Uyghur human rights activist and journalist critical of China’s
policies remains imprisoned following an Interpol red notice against him issued
at Beijing’s request. While Interpol later withdrew its notice citing its bylaws
forbidding persecution on political, religious or ethnic grounds, a Moroccan
court approved an extradition request by China in 2021.



In a statement to NBC News, an Interpol spokesperson said that a “specialized
task force” reviews every red notice request to ensure compliance with the
organization’s rules, taking into account information available at the time of
publication, and can re-examine any notice if new information emerges, as it did
in the Morocco case. “[Interpol’s] General Secretariat is constantly reviewing,
assessing and updating its procedures to ensure the greatest level of integrity
in the system, and trust in its work,” the spokesperson said.


A Uyghur woman holds a picture of her relatives during a protest on the eve of
Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games in London on Feb. 3, 2022. Wiktor Szymanowicz
/ Future Publishing via Getty Images


Saudi Arabia, which appears on China’s list of “suspicious” countries for
Uyghurs to travel to, has increasingly cooperated with Beijing. Saudi
authorities have deported at least six Uyghurs to China in the last four years
who were either making pilgrimages to Mecca or living in the country legally,
according to the report.

“This is complete callousness [on the part of Saudi Arabia] knowing what will
happen to these Uyghurs when they get to China,” Zenz said. “The Chinese
government wants to cleanse Uyghurs worldwide so that there are no pockets of
Uyghurness outside of China’s borders that are not in line with Beijing’s
narrative.”

In 2017 Egyptian police rounded up Uyghur students at a university in Cairo and
deported them to China and elsewhere in the Middle East. Some escaped to Dubai
only to face detention there, according to the report. 



“I have learned from interviews with Uyghur sources in the UAE that Chinese
police coordinated the Egypt crackdowns with Dubai. Uyghur students who
attempted to flee to the UAE from Egypt were picked up as a part of this
coordination,” Jardine wrote in the report.



In a statement emailed to NBC News, a government spokesperson said the UAE
government “categorically rejects” the allegations, calling them “baseless.”

“The UAE follows all recognized global norms and procedures established by
international organizations such as Interpol in the detainment, interrogation,
and transfer of fugitives sought by foreign governments.”

In 2020, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the UAE joined 42 other countries in signing a
letter supporting China’s campaign of mass detention in the Xinjiang region.



The embassies of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Morocco did not respond to requests
for comment.


Anna Schecter

Anna Schecter is a senior producer in the NBC News Investigations Unit.



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