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Submitted URL: http://webdesign.tutsplus.com/tutorials/creating-a-future-proof-responsive-email-without-media-queries--cms-23919
Effective URL: https://webdesign.tutsplus.com/creating-a-future-proof-responsive-email-without-media-queries--cms-23919t
Submission: On October 11 via manual from IN — Scanned from DE
Effective URL: https://webdesign.tutsplus.com/creating-a-future-proof-responsive-email-without-media-queries--cms-23919t
Submission: On October 11 via manual from IN — Scanned from DE
Form analysis 2 forms found in the DOM
GET https://webdesign.tutsplus.com/t/tutorials/search
<form class="global-nav__search-form mobile" data-turbo="false" data-action="submit->global-nav#sendSearchDataLayerEvent submit->global-search#perform_search" action="https://webdesign.tutsplus.com/t/tutorials/search" accept-charset="UTF-8"
method="get"><input type="text" name="search[terms]" id="search_terms" value="" placeholder="Search tutorials, courses and resources" class="global-nav__search-terms"><button name="button" type="submit" class="global-nav__search-button"
aria-label="Search"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button></form>GET https://webdesign.tutsplus.com/t/tutorials/search
<form class="global-nav__search-form nonmobile" data-turbo="false" data-action="submit->global-nav#sendSearchDataLayerEvent submit->global-search#perform_search" action="https://webdesign.tutsplus.com/t/tutorials/search" accept-charset="UTF-8"
method="get"><input type="text" name="search[terms]" id="search_terms" value="" placeholder="Search tutorials..." class="global-nav__search-terms search-terms-nonmobile"><button name="button" type="submit" class="global-nav__search-button"
aria-label="Search"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button></form>Text Content
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color themes and other website settings.PersistentHTMLtPLassets.mixkit.coThis
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presentation. The cookies keep the correct state of font, blog/picture sliders,
color themes and other website settings.PersistentHTMLtTEassets.mixkit.coThis
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Codepen
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internal analytics by the website operator. 1
yearHTTP_dd_s [x9]assets.market-storefront.envato-static.com
Envato
www.datadoghq-browser-agent.comRegisters the website's speed and performance.
This function can be used in context with statistics and load-balancing.1
dayHTTP_ga [x11]GoogleRegisters a unique ID that is used to generate statistical
data on how the visitor uses the website.2 yearsHTTP_ga_# [x10]GoogleUsed by
Google Analytics to collect data on the number of times a user has visited the
website as well as dates for the first and most recent visit. 2
yearsHTTP_gat [x11]GoogleUsed by Google Analytics to throttle request rate1
dayHTTP_gid [x11]GoogleRegisters a unique ID that is used to generate
statistical data on how the visitor uses the website.1
dayHTTPANONCHK [x2]3docean.net
MicrosoftRegisters data on visitors from multiple visits and on multiple
websites. This information is used to measure the efficiency of advertisement on
websites. 1 yearHTTPCLID [x2]3docean.net
MicrosoftCollects data on the user’s navigation and behavior on the website.
This is used to compile statistical reports and heatmaps for the website owner.1
yearHTTPdd_cookie_test_# [x9]assets.market-storefront.envato-static.com
Envato
www.datadoghq-browser-agent.comRegisters data on visitors' website-behaviour.
This is used for internal analysis and website optimization. 1
dayHTTPga:clientId [x10]3docean.net
Envato
photodune.net
public-assets.envato-static.com
GoogleRegisters statistical data on users' behaviour on the website. Used for
internal analytics by the website operator. PersistentHTMLMR [x3]3docean.net
MicrosoftPending1 yearHTTPMUID [x3]3docean.net
MicrosoftUsed widely by Microsoft as a unique user ID. The cookie enables user
tracking by synchronising the ID across many Microsoft domains.1
yearHTTPSM [x2]3docean.net
MicrosoftRegisters a unique ID that identifies the user's device during return
visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID is used to allow
targeted ads.1
yearHTTPthreedocean-search-page-views3docean.netPendingPersistentHTMLsigned_out [x2]EnvatoTo
let the Cloudflare worker know if a user is signed out for our caching
experiment.1 yearHTTPpx.gifcdn.fuseplatform.netThis cookie is used to determine
if the visitor has any adblocker software in their browser – this information
can be used to make website content inaccessible to visitors if the website is
financed with third-party
advertisement.SessionPixelaj-category-survey-banner-visibilityEnvatoPendingPersistentHTMLaudiojungle-category-page-viewsEnvatoPendingPersistentHTMLaudiojungle-search-page-viewsEnvatoPendingPersistentHTMLc.gifMicrosoftCollects
data on the user’s navigation and behavior on the website. This is used to
compile statistical reports and heatmaps for the website
owner.SessionPixelcc-category-survey-banner-visibilityEnvatoPendingPersistentHTMLcodecanyon-category-page-viewsEnvatoPendingPersistentHTMLcodecanyon-search-page-viewsEnvatoPendingPersistentHTMLga_#CrimtanRegisters
a unique ID that is used to generate statistical data on how the visitor uses
the website.1 yearHTTPcacheEnvatoCookie is part of the Cloudflare cache key for
our caching experiment.1 yearHTTPdpuid [x2]EnvatoPending14
daysHTTPgetFeedback-1dVvcfp3EnvatoGetFeedback survey
notification.PersistantHTMLGO_EXP [x2]EnvatoStores all experiment enrolments1
yearHTTPGO_EXP_ Yz4GeY0aQ06OwQXEUJAoZgEnvatoSets play button in loading state if
player is not ready to play an audio1 yearHTTPGO_EXP_# [x2]EnvatoPending1
yearHTTPGO_EXP_1c9eH2OaQuq4hnt_ecpRxEnvatoCross promoting similar items on
Elements Shopfront1 yearHTTPGO_EXP_76liOvyQC-VRfAGRGlTKwEnvatoCoupon
notification experiment1 yearHTTPGO_EXP_pgSplitEnvatopaid growth google ads
experiment1 yearHTTPoriginal_landing_page_url [x2]EnvatoPending1
yearHTTPsearch_survey_M2oE8KuYEnvatoElements Storefront search survey
popupPersistantHTMLsearch_view_count [x2]EnvatoElements Storefront search view
countPersistantHTMLsegmentation_survey_SV_cxaJsu0tQ6LgRpkEnvatoPendingPersistantHTMLvariablePricingExpEnvatoVariable
pricing experiment1 yearHTTPwirewax-player-impressionsWirewaxCollects data on
visitor interaction with the website's video-content. This data is used to make
the website's video-content more relevant towards the visitor.
PersistentHTML_ce.clock_data [x2]CrazyeggCollects data on the user’s navigation
and behavior on the website. This is used to compile statistical reports and
heatmaps for the website owner.1 dayHTTP_ce.clock_event [x2]CrazyeggCollects
data on the user’s navigation and behavior on the website. This is used to
compile statistical reports and heatmaps for the website owner.1
dayHTTP_ce.s [x2]CrazyeggCollects data on the user’s navigation and behavior on
the website. This is used to compile statistical reports and heatmaps for the
website owner.1 yearHTTPajs_anonymous_idEnvatoSegment cookie for 2019 CDP trial1
yearHTTPajs_group_idEnvatoSegment cookie for 2019 CDP trial1
yearHTTPajs_user_idEnvatoSegment cookie for 2019 CDP trial1
yearHTTPcebs [x2]CrazyeggTracks the individual sessions on the website, allowing
the website to compile statistical data from multiple visits. This data can also
be used to create leads for marketing
purposes.SessionHTTPcebsp_ [x2]CrazyeggCollects data on the user’s navigation
and behavior on the website. This is used to compile statistical reports and
heatmaps for the website owner.SessionHTTPGO_EXP_controlEnvatoPending1
yearHTTPGO_EXP_removeoptimizeEnvatoA test experiment to determine whether we can
run experiments on Elements without Google Optimize1
yearHTTPsearchExperimentsEnvatoPrevious search count for search experiments
survey1 yearHTTPapc_local_idAppcuesUsed in context with the VR-content on
website. Collects data on who, what and when the content has been viewed for
statistical purposes. PersistentHTMLapc_userAppcuesUsed in context with the
VR-content on website. Collects data on who, what and when the content has been
viewed for statistical purposes. SessionHTML__utm.gifGoogleGoogle Analytics
Tracking Code that logs details about the visitor's browser and
computer.SessionPixelcollectGoogleUsed to send data to Google Analytics about
the visitor's device and behavior. Tracks the visitor across devices and
marketing
channels.SessionPixelgraphicriver-category-page-viewsEnvatoPendingPersistentHTMLgraphicriver-search-page-viewsEnvatoPendingPersistentHTMLgr-category-survey-banner-visibilityEnvatoPendingPersistentHTML_ga_GTM-W2K8MM8mixkit.coPending1
yearHTTP_ga_GTM-WVRS4FRmixkit.coPending1 yearHTTPalgolia-clicksmixkit.coStores
which items the user clicks on in search
results.PersistantHTMLalgolia-user-idmixkit.coStores the user token for search
analytics and personalisation6 monthsHTTPalgolia-user-tokenmixkit.coStores the
user token for search analytics and personalisation6
monthsHTTPphotodune-search-page-viewsphotodune.netPendingPersistentHTMLdQuantcastCollects
anonymous data on the user's visits to the website, such as the number of
visits, average time spent on the website and what pages have been loaded with
the purpose of generating reports for optimising the website content.3
monthsHTTPcetabidEnvatoSets a unique ID for the session. This allows the website
to obtain data on visitor behaviour for statistical
purposes.SessionHTMLbrowser_idLinkedinUsed to recognise the visitor's browser
upon reentry on the website.5 yearsHTTP_ce.gtld [x2]CrazyeggHolds which URL
should be presented to the visitor when visiting the site.
SessionHTTPtf-category-survey-banner-visibilityEnvatoPendingPersistentHTMLthemeforest-category-page-viewsEnvatoPendingPersistentHTMLthemeforest-search-page-viewsEnvatoPendingPersistentHTML_hjAbsoluteSessionInProgressHotjarThis
cookie is used to count how many times a website has been visited by different
visitors - this is done by assigning the visitor an ID, so the visitor does not
get registered twice.1 dayHTTP_hjFirstSeenHotjarThis cookie is used to determine
if the visitor has visited the website before, or if it is a new visitor on the
website.1 dayHTTP_hjIncludedInSessionSample_#HotjarCollects statistics on the
visitor's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time
spent on the website and what pages have been read.1
dayHTTP_hjSession_#HotjarCollects statistics on the visitor's visits to the
website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website and
what pages have been read.1 dayHTTP_hjSessionUser_#HotjarCollects statistics on
the visitor's visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time
spent on the website and what pages have been read.1
yearHTTP_hjTLDTestHotjarRegisters statistical data on users' behaviour on the
website. Used for internal analytics by the website operator.
SessionHTTPlotame_domain_checkLotameContains an visitor ID. This is used to
identify the visitor upon re-entry to the website.1
dayHTTPvh-category-survey-banner-visibilityEnvatoPendingPersistentHTMLvideohive-category-page-viewsEnvatoPendingPersistentHTMLvideohive-search-page-viewsEnvatoPendingPersistentHTMLvuidVimeoCollects
data on the user's visits to the website, such as which pages have been read.2
yearsHTTP_cltkMicrosoftRegisters statistical data on users' behaviour on the
website. Used for internal analytics by the website operator.
SessionHTMLtdGoogleRegisters statistical data on users' behaviour on the
website. Used for internal analytics by the website operator. SessionPixel
Marketing cookies are used for tracking browsing activity and to customise and
display ads that are relevant and engaging.
NameProviderPurposeExpiryTypeyt.innertube::nextId [x2]Envato
YouTubeRegisters a unique ID to keep statistics of what videos from YouTube the
user has seen.PersistentHTMLyt.innertube::requests [x2]Envato
YouTubeRegisters a unique ID to keep statistics of what videos from YouTube the
user has seen.PersistentHTML_gcl_au [x9]GoogleUsed by Google AdSense for
experimenting with advertisement efficiency across websites using their
services. 3 monthsHTTP_pin_unauth [x8]PinterestUsed by Pinterest to track the
usage of services.1 yearHTTP_uetsid [x8]MicrosoftCollects data on visitor
behaviour from multiple websites, in order to present more relevant
advertisement - This also allows the website to limit the number of times that
they are shown the same advertisement. 1 dayHTTP_uetvid [x8]MicrosoftUsed to
track visitors on multiple websites, in order to present relevant advertisement
based on the visitor's preferences. 1
yearHTTPmarketplace_banners [x7]3docean.net
Envato
photodune.net
assets.market-storefront.envato-static.comPending2 monthsHTTPtluidTripleliftThis
cookie is used to identify the visitor and optimize ad-relevance by collecting
visitor data from multiple websites – this exchange of visitor data is normally
provided by a third-party data-center or ad-exchange.3 monthsHTTPCAdformUsed to
check if the user's browser supports cookies.1 monthHTTPuid [x3]Adform
Criteo
AmobeeRegisters a unique user ID that recognises the user's browser when
visiting websites that use the same ad network. The purpose is to optimise
display of ads based on the user's movements and various ad providers' bids for
displaying user ads.2 monthsHTTPUserID1Adition TechnologiesThis cookie is used
to collect information on a visitor. This information will become an ID string
with information on a specific visitor – ID information strings can be used to
target groups with similar preferences, or can be used by third-party domains or
ad-exchanges.3 monthsHTTP_tracker [x2]Travel AudienceSets a unique ID for the
visitor, that allows third party advertisers to target the visitor with relevant
advertisement. This pairing service is provided by third party advertisement
hubs, which facilitates real-time bidding for advertisers.13
monthsHTTPrp.gifEnvatoNecessary for the implementation of the Reddit.com's
share-button function.SessionPixeltt_appInfoEnvatoUsed by the social networking
service, TikTok, for tracking the use of embedded
services.SessionHTMLtt_pixel_session_indexEnvatoUsed by the social networking
service, TikTok, for tracking the use of embedded
services.SessionHTMLtt_sessionIdEnvatoUsed by the social networking service,
TikTok, for tracking the use of embedded
services.SessionHTMLpageViewsEnvatoImplements pop-up advertisement on the
website. SessionHTMLubvtEnvatoExternal cookie from Typeform for Author Feedback
Pilot3 daysHTTP_uetsid [x2]Envato
MicrosoftUsed to track visitors on multiple websites, in order to present
relevant advertisement based on the visitor's preferences.
PersistentHTML_uetsid_exp [x2]Envato
MicrosoftContains the expiry-date for the cookie with corresponding name.
PersistentHTML_uetvid [x2]Envato
MicrosoftUsed to track visitors on multiple websites, in order to present
relevant advertisement based on the visitor's preferences.
PersistentHTML_uetvid_exp [x2]Envato
MicrosoftContains the expiry-date for the cookie with corresponding name.
PersistentHTMLSRM_BMicrosoftTracks the user’s interaction with the website’s
search-bar-function. This data can be used to present the user with relevant
products or services. 1 yearHTTPbBlismedia.comCollects statistical data related
to the user's website visits, such as the number of visits, average time spent
on the website and what pages have been loaded. The purpose is to segment the
website's users according to factors such as demographics and geographical
location, in order to enable media and marketing agencies to structure and
understand their target groups to enable customised online advertising.1
yearHTTPcto_pub_test_tld [x11]CriteoUsed to track visitors on multiple websites,
in order to present relevant advertisement based on the visitor's preferences.
SessionHTTPcto_writeable [x11]CriteoThis cookie is set by the audience manager
of a website in order to determine if any additional third-party cookies can be
set in the visitor’s browser – third-party cookies are used to gather
information or track visitor behavior on multiple websites. Third-party cookies
are set by a third-party website or
company.SessionHTTPGoogleAdServingTest [x11]GoogleUsed to register what ads have
been displayed to the user.SessionHTTPmsToken [x2]byteoversea.com
TiktokCollects information on user behaviour on multiple websites. This
information is used in order to optimize the relevance of advertisement on the
website.10 daysHTTPCMIDCasale MediaCollects visitor data related to the user's
visits to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the
website and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted
ads.1 yearHTTPCMPROCasale MediaCollects data on visitor behaviour from multiple
websites, in order to present more relevant advertisement - This also allows the
website to limit the number of times that they are shown the same advertisement.
3 monthsHTTPCMPSCasale MediaCollects visitor data related to the user's visits
to the website, such as the number of visits, average time spent on the website
and what pages have been loaded, with the purpose of displaying targeted ads.3
monthsHTTPcp_sessionCodepenRegisters user behaviour and navigation on the
website, and any interaction with active campaigns. This is used for optimizing
advertisement and for efficient retargeting. 30 daysHTTPcid_#CrimtanCollects
unidentifiable data that is sent to an unidentifiable source. The source's
identity is kept secret by the company, Whois Privacy Protection Service, Inc.1
yearHTTP_GESPSK-crwdcntrl.netcdn.fuseplatform.netThis cookie registers data on
the visitor. The information is used to optimize advertisement relevance.
PersistentHTML_GESPSK-esp.criteo.comcdn.fuseplatform.netCollects data on user
behaviour and interaction in order to optimize the website and make
advertisement on the website more relevant. PersistentHTMLAPCGooglePending180
daysHTTPDSIDGoogleUsed by Google DoubleClick for re-targeting, optimisation,
reporting and attribution of online adverts.1 dayHTTPIDEGoogleUsed by Google
DoubleClick to register and report the website user's actions after viewing or
clicking one of the advertiser's ads with the purpose of measuring the efficacy
of an ad and to present targeted ads to the user.1
yearHTTPpagead/landing [x2]GoogleCollects data on visitor behaviour from
multiple websites, in order to present more relevant advertisement - This also
allows the website to limit the number of times that they are shown the same
advertisement. SessionPixelpcs/viewcdn.fuseplatform.netUsed by DoubleClick to
determine whether website advertisement has been properly displayed - This is
done to make their marketing efforts more efficient.
SessionPixelperformed-survey-criteria-actionEnvatoElements Storefront guest user
survey popupPersistantHTMLsite-entered-atEnvatoElements Storefront guest user
survey popupPersistantHTMLuser-has-seen-guest-surveyEnvatoElements Storefront
guest user survey popupPersistantHTMLwirewax-userWirewaxUsed by Vimeo to track
usage of their embedded video player.PersistentHTML_fbp [x2] Meta Platforms,
Inc.Used by Facebook to deliver a series of advertisement products such as real
time bidding from third party advertisers.3 monthsHTTP_rdt_uuidRedditUsed to
track visitors on multiple websites, in order to present relevant advertisement
based on the visitor's preferences. 3
monthsHTTPfree_account_first_visit_dashboardEnvatoTracks if a free user has seen
the dashboard before1 yearHTTPads/ga-audiencesGoogleUsed by Google AdWords to
re-engage visitors that are likely to convert to customers based on the
visitor's online behaviour across
websites.SessionPixelpagead/1p-user-list/#GoogleTracks if the user has shown
interest in specific products or events across multiple websites and detects how
the user navigates between sites. This is used for measurement of advertisement
efforts and facilitates payment of referral-fees between
websites.SessionPixelrc::hcdn.fuseplatform.netPendingPersistentHTMLar_debug [x2]Google
PinterestPending3 monthsHTTPpagead/gen_204cdn.fuseplatform.netCollects data on
visitor behaviour from multiple websites, in order to present more relevant
advertisement - This also allows the website to limit the number of times that
they are shown the same advertisement. SessionPixelpcs/activeviewGoogleUsed by
DoubleClick to determine whether website advertisement has been properly
displayed - This is done to make their marketing efforts more efficient.
SessionPixelljt_readerSovrnCollects data related to reader interests, context,
demographics and other information on behalf of the Lijit platform with the
purpose of finding interested users on websites with related content.1
yearHTTPbcookieLinkedInUsed by the social networking service, LinkedIn, for
tracking the use of embedded services.1 yearHTTPviewer_tokenLoopMeUsed to track
visitors on multiple websites, in order to present relevant advertisement based
on the visitor's preferences. 3
monthsHTTPelements-toast-banner-dismissalmixkit.coPendingPersistantHTMLresearch-interview-oct-2022-dismissedmixkit.coPendingPersistantHTMLresearch-interview-oct-2022-historymixkit.coPendingPersistantHTMLsegmentation-survey-toast-banner-dismissalmixkit.coPendingPersistantHTML_pinterest_ct_uaPinterestUsed
by Pinterest to track the usage of services.1 yearHTTPv3PinterestUsed by
Pinterest to track the usage of services.SessionPixelv3/PinterestUsed by
Pinterest to track the usage of
services.SessionPixelKADUSERCOOKIEPubMaticRegisters a unique ID that identifies
the user's device during return visits across websites that use the same ad
network. The ID is used to allow targeted ads.1
yearHTTPKTPCACOOKIEPubMaticRegisters a unique ID that identifies the user's
device during return visits across websites that use the same ad network. The ID
is used to allow targeted ads.1 dayHTTPmcQuantcastCollects data on the user's
visits to the website, such as what pages have been loaded. The registered data
is used for targeted ads.13
monthsHTTP__tea_cache_first_#sf16-website-login.neutral.ttwstatic.comUsed by the
social networking service, TikTok, for tracking the use of embedded
services.PersistentHTML__tea_cache_tokens_#sf16-website-login.neutral.ttwstatic.comPendingPersistentHTML__tea_sdk_ab_version_#sf16-website-login.neutral.ttwstatic.comCollects
data on visitors' preferences and behaviour on the website - This information is
used make content and advertisement more relevant to the specific visitor.
PersistentHTML__tea_session_id_#sf16-website-login.neutral.ttwstatic.comUsed by
the social networking service, TikTok, for tracking the use of embedded
services.SessionHTMLHYBRID_SLARDAR_WEBtiktok_pns_web_runtimesf16-website-login.neutral.ttwstatic.comUsed
by the social networking service, TikTok, for tracking the use of embedded
services.PersistentHTMLPUMBAA_FREQsf16-website-login.neutral.ttwstatic.comUsed
by the social networking service, TikTok, for tracking the use of embedded
services.PersistentHTMLSLARDARtiktok_web_embedsf16-website-login.neutral.ttwstatic.comUsed
by the social networking service, TikTok, for tracking the use of embedded
services.PersistentHTMLSLARDARwebmssdk [x2]sf16-website-login.neutral.ttwstatic.com
EnvatoUsed by the social networking service, TikTok, for tracking the use of
embedded services.PersistentHTMLxmsisf16-website-login.neutral.ttwstatic.comUsed
by the social networking service, TikTok, for tracking the use of embedded
services.PersistentHTMLsuidSimpli.fiCollects information on user preferences
and/or interaction with web-campaign content - This is used on
CRM-campaign-platform used by website owners for promoting events or products.1
yearHTTPcto_bundlecdn.fuseplatform.netPresents the user with relevant content
and advertisement. The service is provided by third-party advertisement hubs,
which facilitate real-time bidding for advertisers.PersistentHTML_ttpTiktokUsed
by the social networking service, TikTok, for tracking the use of embedded
services.1 yearHTTPttwidTiktokUsed by the social networking service, TikTok, for
tracking the use of embedded services.1 yearHTTPANON_IDExponentialCollects data
on user visits to the website, such as what pages have been accessed. The
registered data is used to categorise the user's interest and demographic
profiles in terms of resales for targeted marketing.3 monthsHTTP__gadsGoogleUsed
to register what ads have been displayed to the user.1
yearHTTP__gpiGoogleCollects information on user behaviour on multiple websites.
This information is used in order to optimize the relevance of advertisement on
the website.1 yearHTTP__tld__SegmentUsed to track visitors on multiple websites,
in order to present relevant advertisement based on the visitor's preferences.
SessionHTTPcto_bundleCriteoPresents the user with relevant content and
advertisement. The service is provided by third-party advertisement hubs, which
facilitate real-time bidding for advertisers.1 yearHTTPi/jot/embedsTwitter
Inc.Sets a unique ID for the visitor, that allows third party advertisers to
target the visitor with relevant advertisement. This pairing service is provided
by third party advertisement hubs, which facilitates real-time bidding for
advertisers.SessionPixelaws:cognito-identity-ids#IdentityIdsWirewaxPendingPersistentIDBmatchgoogleDataxuRegulates
synchronisation of user identification and exchange of user data between various
ad services.30 daysHTTPwfivefivecDataxuCollects data on the user's visits to the
website, such as what pages have been loaded. The registered data is used for
targeted ads.13 monthsHTTPWIDGET::local::assignmentswidget.sndcdn.comUsed by
audio-platform SoundCloud to implement, measure and improve their embedded
content/service on the website - The collection of data also includes visitors’
interaction with embedded content/service. This can be used for statistics or
marketing purposes. PersistentHTML_w_sessionWistiaPending14
daysHTTPauthenticity_tokenWistiaPendingSessionHTTP__tt_embed__mountingTiktokRegisters
data on the performance of the website’s embedded video-content.
SessionHTML__tt_embed__storage_testTiktokRegisters data on the performance of
the website’s embedded video-content. SessionHTMLA3YahooCollects information on
user behaviour on multiple websites. This information is used in order to
optimize the relevance of advertisement on the website.1
yearHTTPLAST_RESULT_ENTRY_KEYYouTubeUsed to track user’s interaction with
embedded
content.SessionHTTPLogsDatabaseV2:V#||LogsRequestsStoreYouTubePendingPersistentIDBnextIdYouTubeUsed
to track user’s interaction with embedded
content.SessionHTTPremote_sidYouTubeNecessary for the implementation and
functionality of YouTube video-content on the website.
SessionHTTPrequestsYouTubeUsed to track user’s interaction with embedded
content.SessionHTTPServiceWorkerLogsDatabase#SWHealthLogYouTubeNecessary for the
implementation and functionality of YouTube video-content on the website.
PersistentIDBTESTCOOKIESENABLEDYouTubeUsed to track user’s interaction with
embedded content.1 dayHTTPVISITOR_INFO1_LIVEYouTubeTries to estimate the users'
bandwidth on pages with integrated YouTube videos.180
daysHTTPVISITOR_PRIVACY_METADATAYouTubePending180 daysHTTPYSCYouTubeRegisters a
unique ID to keep statistics of what videos from YouTube the user has
seen.SessionHTTPytidb::LAST_RESULT_ENTRY_KEYYouTubeUsed to track user’s
interaction with embedded content.PersistentHTMLYtIdbMeta#databasesYouTubeUsed
to track user’s interaction with embedded
content.PersistentIDByt-remote-cast-availableYouTubeStores the user's video
player preferences using embedded YouTube
videoSessionHTMLyt-remote-cast-installedYouTubeStores the user's video player
preferences using embedded YouTube
videoSessionHTMLyt-remote-connected-devicesYouTubeStores the user's video player
preferences using embedded YouTube
videoPersistentHTMLyt-remote-device-idYouTubeStores the user's video player
preferences using embedded YouTube
videoPersistentHTMLyt-remote-fast-check-periodYouTubeStores the user's video
player preferences using embedded YouTube
videoSessionHTMLyt-remote-session-appYouTubeStores the user's video player
preferences using embedded YouTube
videoSessionHTMLyt-remote-session-nameYouTubeStores the user's video player
preferences using embedded YouTube videoSessionHTML
Unclassified cookies are cookies that we are in the process of classifying,
together with the providers of individual cookies.
NameProviderPurposeExpiryTypemarket_experiment_%202uQbUpixSB6HaVirs1080w [x7]public-assets.envato-static.comPendingSessionHTTP$MMS_fontWidthMapMicrosoftPendingPersistentHTMLrecent_items_viewedEnvatoPendingPersistentHTMLredirectOnAuthEnvatoPendingSessionHTMLsearch_correlation_idEnvatoPendingSessionHTMLsearch_queryEnvatoPendingSessionHTMLx-csrf-tokenEnvatoPendingPersistentHTMLx-csrf-token-2EnvatoPendingPersistentHTMLdesktopFiltersPanelStateassets.market-storefront.envato-static.comPendingSessionHTMLamp-store:https://#.#cdn.ampproject.orgPendingPersistentHTMLitem_viewedCodepenPending1
dayHTTP@@History/@@scroll|/EnvatoPendingSessionHTMLcs_siftsessionEnvatoPendingSessionHTTP_jsfiddle_sessionJsfiddle.netPendingSessionHTTPukeyMediaFirePending20
yearsHTTP_tuts_sessionEnvatoPending14
daysHTTPnumber(#)widget.sndcdn.comPendingSessionHTML
[#IABV2_LABEL_PURPOSES#] [#IABV2_LABEL_FEATURES#] [#IABV2_LABEL_PARTNERS#]
[#IABV2_BODY_PURPOSES#]
[#IABV2_BODY_FEATURES#]
[#IABV2_BODY_PARTNERS#]
Cookies, clear gifs and similar technologies (cookies) are used on our sites to
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1.
2. Home
3. Web Design
4. Email
5. Email Design
CREATING A FUTURE-PROOF RESPONSIVE EMAIL WITHOUT MEDIA QUERIES
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Nicole Merlin Last updated Oct 21, 2021
26 likes
Read Time: 36 min বাংলা English Español Bahasa Indonesia Italiano Pусский
Email Email Design Email Templates
What You'll Be Creating
Using this method you can create an email that has responsiveness baked in to
the layout, without any need for CSS or media queries in the <head>, so that
even in the worst case scenario of email rendering, your layout will remain
intact.
IS DEVELOPING HTML EMAIL STILL HARD?
HTML email has come a long way in the past ten years (yes, it used to even
worse!) but there are still a surprising number of things that can go wrong when
coding responsive emails for the inbox.
These days, most email apps do a pretty good job of adhering to the latest HTML
and CSS standards, but security or other restrictions sometimes mean that
services will adjust or strip out key portions of your email’s code, like the
all-important <head>, which often contains crucial CSS and media queries. It’s
difficult to keep track of every instance where this type of thing occurs, let
alone what you need to do to mitigate the effects in each scenario.
But what if you could build an email template that was responsive, even in
environments with no support for modern CSS like media queries, or scenarios
where only the <body> of your email is delivered? What if, every time you heard
about some new email app that everyone’s trying, instead of shaking with fear,
you could feel safe and secure in the knowledge that your responsive emails
probably look fine?
This tutorial is all about creating a great experience in email clients which
have no nested CSS or media query support whatsoever, using the the fluid hybrid
method of HTML email development. The fluid part refers to the fact that we use
lots of percentages and elements that can move and expand to fit the space they
are given. The hybrid part is because we also use max-width to constrain these
free-flowing elements, and restrict the overall size of our email on larger
screen sizes.
All in all, it’s a lightweight, fully responsive email without media queries
that comes in at a tidy 17kb.
POPULAR HTML EMAIL TEMPLATES ON ENVATO MARKET
If you’re looking for a ready-made, professional solution, grab one of
our best-selling HTML email templates on Envato Market. We have hundreds of
responsive options from as little as $5, with easy to customize features to get
you started.
Best-selling HTML email templates on Envato Market
Not what you’re looking for? No problem, this tutorial will teach you how to
build your own.
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THE EMAIL TEMPLATE WE’RE GOING TO BUILD
Here’s a demo on CodePen to show you the responsive HTML email we’ll be
building. Feel free to fork it and use it in your own projects!
All the graphic elements in the template are part of the Flat People
Characters collection by alexdndz available on Envato Elements.
5 MAJOR PROBLEMS WE’RE AIMING TO SOLVE
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1. GMAIL’S APP STILL DOESN’T SUPPORT THE <STYLE> TAG FOR NON-GMAIL ACCOUNTS
This is the big one. The Gmail app is massively popular on iOS and Android, it
can be set as users’ default mail app on any smartphone, and it supports all
non-Gmail accounts. But viewed in the Gmail app, emails for non-Gmail accounts
don’t support <style> tags, so media queries, which we can usually rely on to
optimise our emails for small screens, aren’t supported. This tutorial will show
you how to make emails that are responsive, even in this scenario.
2. IT’S REALLY HARD TO KEEP ON TOP OF EMAIL SERVICES AND THEIR LEVEL OF CSS
SUPPORT
New email providers and apps appear all the time. Some of them have great CSS
and media query support, but some of them focus more on email workflows and
don’t support <style> tags or media queries at all. Some of them differ across
platforms – for example, the Yahoo mail app for iOS supports <style> in the
head, whereas on Android it doesn’t, unless you include your entire
<head> twice, which isn’t possible from every sending platform.
This tutorial will show you how to make an email that is always responsive, even
in a worst-case scenario where CSS support is nonexistent, so you don’t have to
worry about how your emails render in all those unknown use cases.
3. USING TRADITIONAL METHODS LIKE FLOAT OR ALIGN TO CREATE COLUMNS RESULTS IN
UNSIGHTLY STACKING ON MOBILE APPS WITHOUT MEDIA QUERY SUPPORT
The method in this tutorial uses a different approach which ensures that your
columns all stack in the centre on mobile, no matter what. (You can also easily
set them to align to the left or right if you prefer.)
Tables aligned to the left or right remain in their positions in mobile apps
that don’t support media queries. You can’t adjust them using mobile-specific
CSS This tutorial will show you how to have your columns stack in the center,
even in apps that don’t support media queries
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4. WHEN YOU USE FLOAT OR ALIGN TO CREATE COLUMNS, YOU LOSE THE ABILITY TO
VERTICALLY ALIGN THEM
This tutorial will also show you how to vertically align multiple columns to the
top, middle, or bottom.
This tutorial will teach you the ’fluid hybrid’ method, which allows you to
vertically align your columns to the top, middle or bottom
5. WHEN YOU USE FLOAT OR ALIGN TO CREATE COLUMNS, YOU HAVE TO PLACE THEM IN
SEPARATE DIVS OR TABLE ROWS, SO THEY CAN’T FLOW AND STACK NATURALLY AT DIFFERENT
SCREEN SIZES
This tutorial will also show you how to have content blocks that stack and flow
as you would expect them, with total control over their horizontal and vertical
alignment.
Using this method, your content blocks flow naturally based on the available
space.
1. GETTING STARTED
Start with a blank file and save it as index.html, then copy and paste the
following code into it:
1
<!DOCTYPE html>
2
<html lang="en" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office">
3
<head>
4
<meta charset="utf-8">
5
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
6
<meta name="x-apple-disable-message-reformatting">
7
<!--[if !mso]><!-->
8
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
9
<!--<![endif]-->
10
<title></title>
11
<!--[if mso]>
12
<style type="text/css">
13
table {border-collapse:collapse;border:0;border-spacing:0;margin:0;}
14
div, td {padding:0;}
15
div {margin:0 !important;}
16
</style>
17
<noscript>
18
<xml>
19
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
20
<o:PixelsPerInch>96</o:PixelsPerInch>
21
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
22
</xml>
23
</noscript>
24
<![endif]-->
25
</head>
26
<body style="margin:0;padding:0;word-spacing:normal;background-color:#ffffff;">
27
<div role="article" aria-roledescription="email" lang="en" style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;background-color:#ffffff;">
28
<table role="presentation" style="width:100%;border:0;border-spacing:0;">
29
<tr>
30
<td align="center">
31
[content goes here]
32
</td>
33
</tr>
34
</table>
35
</div>
36
</body>
37
</html>
Let’s run through all the elements above in more detail.
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DOCTYPE
<!DOCTYPE html> signals that we intend to use HTML5. Some email clients impose a
different doctype and some may remove it, but in most cases you end up with the
HTML5 doctype one way or another. (Note that not all HTML5 elements are
supported when it comes to email, so always check support levels first at the
fantastic resource caniemail.com.)
HTML TAG
<html lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"> starts our HTML document and
defines the XML and OOXML (Office Open XML) namespaces which we need for Outlook
on Windows, as we’ll see below.
CHARSET META TAG
<meta charset="utf-8"> defines Unicode character encoding for our email, which
generally covers most characters for most languages, however you may need to
change this if you need to use any characters that aren’t included in the UTF-8
character set.
VIEWPORT META TAG
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"> allows us to
specify that the viewing area for our email should be width of the device
screen, and that the initial zoom should be 100%.
APPLE SCALING META TAG
<meta name="x-apple-disable-message-reformatting"> prevents Apple from doing any
unwanted scaling or zooming out of your email on iOS devices.
IE9 META TAG
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> is used to improve
rendering in Internet Explorer 9 or lower, which is getting less and less
common, so you could use your discretion with this one. In the past it was also
used to improve rendering on Windows Phones. It is placed between <!--[if
!mso]><!--> and <!--<![endif]--> so that it’s hidden from Windows Live Mail,
which otherwise won’t display images if this tag is used. (Big thanks go to Don
Braithwaite for that fix.)
TITLE TAGS
We’ll include <title></title> although I find that it’s best to leave it empty.
Sometimes you’ll come across an app or email sending platform that displays this
title immediately after the Subject Line of the email in the inbox preview,
which is not ideal.
IF MSO
Next, between <!--[if mso]> and <![endif]--> we have some styles that will only
apply in Microsoft Outlook. We’ll prevent gaps and cellpadding on our tables
using border-spacing:0; (the CSS equivalent of using cellspacing="0" on table
elements). We then zero margins on all div elements and use !important because
otherwise Outlook adds a lot of extra, unpredictable and unwanted space to our
layout.
XML TAG
Then we have our XML tag, and inside we have our OOXML element
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings> with some settings that tell Microsoft Outlook we’re
operating on a base resolution of 96dpi. This setting ensures that Microsoft
Outlook always accurately transforms everything in our email to adapt to the
screen zoom percentage configured in Windows settings for high-DPI displays
(which is most displays these days). This is all inside a <noscript> tag so
T-Online doesn’t display the "96" (thanks to Mark Robbins for this fix.)
INLINE CSS
You’ll notice there’s no <style> tag here. We’ll do all our CSS inline, which is
still best practice for email until non-Gmail accounts in the Gmail app stop
stripping the <head> of your emails. We’ll come back at the end to add some
media queries as an enhancement for those clients that do support them.
BODY TAG WITH BASIC STYLES
<body
style="margin:0;padding:0;word-spacing:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"> sets
some basic styles on the body tag. Most important is word-spacing:normal,
another life-saving fix from Mark Robbins, because otherwise Gmail sets
word-spacing to 1px on the body, which adds a 1px gap between our columns and
causes them to stack.
WRAPPER DIV
<div role="article" aria-roledescription="email" lang="en"
style="-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;background-color:#ffffff;"> is
our outer wrapper, also based it on Mark’s example. It contains our main
content, sets some CSS to ensure correct sizing of text, and sets our language,
here to English. It also contains some settings to make our email accessible by
defining the primary email area’s role as an article, and being slighty more
specific with aria-roledescription="email". This is so that screen readers will
announce that it’s an email, or at least that it’s an article, which defines it
as a primary piece of content and will assist with navigation.
And while this layout will be using divs rather than tables where possible, we
do include one big wrapper <table> here to help us center the main body of the
email inside it. This is needed in particular for Comcast webmail (USA) and
Libero webmail (Italy) which both fail to center our content without it. We
should always set the role of any table used purely for layout
to presentation so that screen readers won’t announce the presence and structure
of the rows and columns (which is helpful for actual tabular data) but will
instead only announce the content inside.
2. CREATING THE STRUCTURAL OUTER CONTAINER
First up, we need to add an outer container, which is actually two containers,
since we need to cater separately for Outlook on Windows on the one hand, and
all other email clients on the other.
This is because the bulk of our email will be created using <div>s that use
max-width in CSS to set their dimensions and display:inline-block; in CSS to
place multiple columns side-by-side. Unfortunately, Microsoft Outlook on Windows
doesn’t properly support any of that, so we need to use some old-fashioned
tables to keep it happy. We only want these restrictive table layouts to apply
to Outlook though, so we nest the code inside conditional [if mso] comments
which hide it from other email clients. Any table set up for Outlook like this
is known as a ghost table.
* Developing HTML Emails Using Divs and “Ghost Tables”
Paul Airy
29 Mar 2019
We need ghost tables for Outlook on Windows because it will ignore div widths
and positioning.
So first up we’re going to add a ghost table and a div that together comprise a
wrapper at our desired width for this email, 660px.
Our ghost table for Outlook is used because Outlook doesn’t support the
max-width property
Replace the [content goes here] marker in your file with the following code:
1
<!--[if mso]>
2
<table role="presentation" align="center" style="width:660px;">
3
<tr>
4
<td style="padding:20px 0;">
5
<![endif]-->
6
<div class="outer" style="width:96%;max-width:660px;margin:20px auto;">
7
[content goes here]
8
</div>
9
<!--[if mso]>
10
</td>
11
</tr>
12
</table>
13
<![endif]-->
Here you can see our ghost table is 660px wide, and the div inside is 96% wide,
up to a maximum of 660px. This will mean that on smaller screens we have a small
2% buffer on either side, as a little bit of padding.
Our table is set to be 96% wide until it reaches a maximum of 600px
This div also has a top and bottom margin of 20px, to give it some vertical
breathing room, and because that won’t render in Outlook, we’ve added top and
bottom padding to the ghost table’s td as well.
3. ADDING A SINGLE COLUMN LAYOUT WITH A FULL-WIDTH BANNER IMAGE
Now we have our outer structure, it’s time to start adding some content.
If you are following along step by step, stop now to download the tutorial files
and move the /images directory so that it’s in the same folder as your
index.html file. You can grab the source files in the following ways:
* Visit the Github repository to fork it
* Download the .zip directly from Github
* Visit the demo on CodePen to fork it
As mentioned, we’ll generally be favouring divs over tables, but for
single-column layouts it uses less markup to just use one table for everybody,
rather than a div with a ghost table. So let’s replace [content goes here] with
this code:
1
<table role="presentation" style="width:100%;border:0;border-spacing:0;">
2
<tr>
3
<td style="padding:10px 10px 20px 10px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:24px;line-height:28px;font-weight:bold;">
4
<img src="images/header.png" width="640" alt="" style="width:100%;height:auto;" />
5
</td>
6
</tr>
7
<tr>
8
<td style="padding:10px;text-align:left;">
9
<h1 style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:16px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:26px;line-height:32px;font-weight:bold;">Creating responsive email magic</h1>
10
<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:18px;line-height:24px;">Maecenas sed ante pellentesque, posuere leo id, eleifend dolor. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Praesent laoreet malesuada cursus!</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<div class="spacer" style="line-height:26px;height:26px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"> </div>
In our first row we have a cell with 10px padding on the sides, a little extra
on the bottom. Inside this cell is our header banner image its own row so that
there’s plenty of space for any ALT text in a nice large font size. (In my case,
this image is purely decorative, so it doesn’t need any.)
We set the image width="640" in the HTML for Outlook, and then in the CSS we set
style="width:100%;height:auto;" so that the image will be 100% wide in other
clients, and always in proportion.
In the second row, we apply the same 10px padding to the sides, as well as
text-align:left; to stop the text from being centered in some clients who would
inherit it from the td align="center" above it.
For our text we can use <h1> and <p> tags since margin is supported on these
tags across the board (padding, not so much). We do apply all our styling inline
to these elements though, because some webmail clients have font styling that
will be forced onto them unless you explicitly override it at the element level.
At the very bottom, you can see we’re using a spacer div to create some padding
between this layout and the next. I prefer to use these between blocks because
Outlook can be quite unpredictable with margins on block-level elements, and I
find it much easier when building modular layouts to keep the spacing as
discrete pieces of code. However if you prefer, you can apply padding inside
your elements to create vertical space. When you do want to create spacers like
this, you can just set a line-height, a height, and set
mso-line-height-rule:exactly; which is a Microsoft Office property that prevents
it from treating your line-height as a minimum.
Also note that it’s very important to apply the same padding on the left and
right of all your columns, so that they will be uniform when they stack on top
of each other.
Always have the same amount of padding on the left and right sides of your
elements so that padding is uniform on mobile in clients with no media query
support
Now you should have your single-column layout ready to go, so let’s move on to
multiple columns.
4. ADDING A TWO-COLUMN LAYOUT WHICH WILL BE CENTERED ON MOBILE
We are going to create a two-column layout on desktop that stacks to a single,
centered column on mobile
Directly underneath the closing </div> tag from the spacer above, paste the
following:
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<div class="two-col">
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<!--[if mso]>
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<table role="presentation" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td style="width:50%;">
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<![endif]-->
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<div class="column">
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[content goes here]
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</div>
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<!--[if mso]>
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</td>
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<td style="width:50%;">
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<![endif]-->
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<div class="column">
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[content goes here]
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</div>
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<!--[if mso]>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<![endif]-->
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</div>
This gives us a very basic layout of a parent div with two columns inside which
are scaffolded by a ghost table for Outlook with two cells, each 50% wide.
First we want to ensure the font-size is set to zero on our container, because
our columns need to sit snugly side by side, and without this you can end up
with extra spacing that causes them to stack. We also need to add a text-align
property which will control the alignment of the columns inside. So change the
opening div tag to the following:
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<div class="two-col" style="text-align:center;font-size:0;">
To get the columns within to float side by side on desktop, but stack in the
centre on mobile, we combine this use of text-align: center on the container
with display: inline-block on the columns.
All inline-block elements obey the text-align property on their parent, so we
can simply set left, center or right on the container to specify where the
columns should sit when they are stacked.
The text-align set on the container will determine the placement of the columns
inside
GETTING MULTIPLE COLUMNS TO WORK
So let’s add the display setting to each column, and specify their widths. We
want them to be 100% wide on smaller screens, up to a maximum of 330px wide on
desktop.
Change each div.column tag so that they both look like this:
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<div class="column" style="width:100%;max-width:330px;display:inline-block;">
Now everything is set up to work as multiple columns.
Next we want to set the vertical alignment for our columns, and you can choose
between top, center and bottom. When you have a multi-row layout, which we’ll
cover in Step 6, your choice will also set the vertical alignment on a
row-by-row basis, even when your columns stack down onto new lines. It’s pretty
nifty!
Columns will vertically-align to their neighbours, even when they stack onto new
lines
We need to add some code in two places for this one. On our column divs, add
vertical-align:middle; to the CSS, so they look like this:
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<div class="column" style="width:100%;max-width:330px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;">
And for Outlook, we add the HTML valign attribute to each cell too. This always
has to match whatever you’ve set on the corresponding column div, so if you
change the columns to vertical-align:top; you must also set all your ghost table
cells to valign="top" too.
Edit the ghost table cells to look like this:
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<td style="width:50%;" valign="middle">
And finally we’ll add some padding. For Outlook, we can simply add this to the
ghost table cells:
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<td style="width:50%;padding:10px;" valign="middle">
For our columns, I actually like to nest an extra div inside with the padding. I
do this because the box model in CSS means that any padding added to an element
gets applied to the outside, increasing its total width (e.g. a 330px column
with 10px padding on either side becomes 350px wide). Normally in HTML you can
use box-sizing: border-box; so that any padding is included in the width, but
it’s not well supported across email clients. So to save myself the hassle of
doing lots of calculations of column widths minus padding, I prefer to nest.
So inside each div.column, replace [content goes here] with this:
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<div style="padding:10px;">
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[content goes here]
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</div>
Now we’re all set up, and our structure is complete! The layout and ghost table
work together to give us our two-column layout.
Visualising how our two-column structure works
CONFIGURING FLUID HYBRID IMAGES
Inside the first column we’ll add an image which I’ve wrapped in a paragraph tag
(so that you can easily add some margins if you need them, and so any ALT text
will be nicely styled).
Replace the first [content goes here] with this:
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<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;">
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<img src="images/two-column-01.png" width="310" alt="" style="display:block;width:310px;max-width:100%;height:auto;" />
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</p>
Let’s break down the img tag above.
We have 310px of space available in this case (330px column minus 10px padding
on both sides), so our image is going to be 310px wide. First we must
set width="310" on the img tag for Outlook on Windows, otherwise it will display
the image at its physical size.
Next, in the CSS, we set display:block; to prevent a gap underneath the image in
Gmail and Google Workspace. Then, to ensure the image is always a maximum of
100% of the column width across all other mobile and desktop clients, we set
max-width:100%;. We also add height:auto; to ensure our image never ends up
stretched.
For full-width images you could stop there, but I have also added a width:310px;
in case you have a narrower image. If so, change the 310px value to the width of
your image, and make sure you also adjust the width="310" for Outlook.
(You may also notice that on images we’re setting a pixel width and a percentage
max-width, which is the opposite to what we’ve done on our columns: they have a
percentage width and a pixel max-width. I’ve made this adjustment because around
mid-2021, the Outlook apps for iOS and Android stopped supporting pixel
max-widths on img tags.)
When your image is narrower, you’ll probably need to horizontally align it too,
and there are two options here depending on your layout.
If you don’t mind gaps undeneath the images in Gmail and Google Workplace,
remove display:block; from the CSS of the image. Then, in the CSS of the <p> tag
wrapped around it, simply set text-align to whatever you like. The image will
inherit the alignment from there.
Alternatively, if you can’t have any gaps underneath the images in Gmail and
Google Workspace, you must retain the display:block; and you will need to use a
combination of margins and alignment:
* To left-align a display:block image, add margin-left:0;margin-right:auto; to
the image tag CSS, and add align="left" to its parent ghost table cell
* To center a display:block image, add margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto; to
the image tag CSS, and add align="center" to its parent ghost table cell
* To right-align a display:block image, add margin-left:auto;margin-right:0; to
the image tag CSS, and add align="right" to its parent ghost table cell
Note that Outlook will apply the align setting to everything in the cell, so if
that doesn’t suit your layout you will need to adjust the text-align setting on
your text paragraphs.
NOW WE JUST NEED TO ADD OUR TEXT
In the second column replace the [content goes here] with this code, which
includes a few paragraphs of text, and a link button using Mark Robbins’ method:
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<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:12px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;">Taciti nostra, per litora nostra</p>
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<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:14px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;">Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Maecenas sed ante pellentesque.</p>
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<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><a href="https://example.com/" style="background: #ffffff; border: 2px solid #8dc1d6; text-decoration: none; padding: 10px 25px; color: #000000; border-radius: 4px; display:inline-block; mso-padding-alt:0;text-underline-color:#ffffff"><!--[if mso]><i style="letter-spacing: 25px;mso-font-width:-100%;mso-text-raise:20pt"> </i><![endif]--><span style="mso-text-raise:10pt;font-weight:bold;">Claim yours now</span><!--[if mso]><i style="letter-spacing: 25px;mso-font-width:-100%"> </i><![endif]--></a></p>
The second div is now displaying invisible, centered text, because it’s
inheriting the zeroed font size and centered text-alignment from the container.
So we’ll add some font-sizing and text-alignment to the div tag so it now looks
like this all together:
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<div style="padding:10px;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-align:left;">
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<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:12px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;">Taciti nostra, per litora nostra</p>
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<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:14px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;">Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Maecenas sed ante pellentesque.</p>
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<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><a href="https://example.com/" style="background: #ffffff; border: 2px solid #8dc1d6; text-decoration: none; padding: 10px 25px; color: #000000; border-radius: 4px; display:inline-block; mso-padding-alt:0;text-underline-color:#ffffff"><!--[if mso]><i style="letter-spacing: 25px;mso-font-width:-100%;mso-text-raise:20pt"> </i><![endif]--><span style="mso-text-raise:10pt;font-weight:bold;">Claim yours now</span><!--[if mso]><i style="letter-spacing: 25px;mso-font-width:-100%"> </i><![endif]--></a></p>
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</div>
All combined your entire section should look like this, and we’ll add a spacer
at the bottom too:
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<div class="two-col" style="text-align:center;font-size:0;">
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<!--[if mso]>
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<table role="presentation" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td style="width:50%;padding:10px;" valign="middle">
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<![endif]-->
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<div class="column" style="width:100%;max-width:330px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;">
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<div style="padding:10px;">
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<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;">
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<img src="images/two-column-01.png" width="310" alt="" style="display:block;width:310px;max-width:100%;height:auto;" />
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</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<!--[if mso]>
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</td>
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<td style="width:50%;padding:10px;" valign="middle">
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<![endif]-->
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<div class="column" style="width:100%;max-width:330px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;">
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<div style="padding:10px;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-align:left;">
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<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:12px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;">Taciti nostra, per litora nostra</p>
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<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:14px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;">Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Maecenas sed ante pellentesque.</p>
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<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><a href="https://example.com/" style="background: #ffffff; border: 2px solid #8dc1d6; text-decoration: none; padding: 10px 25px; color: #000000; border-radius: 4px; display:inline-block; mso-padding-alt:0;text-underline-color:#ffffff"><!--[if mso]><i style="letter-spacing: 25px;mso-font-width:-100%;mso-text-raise:20pt"> </i><![endif]--><span style="mso-text-raise:10pt;font-weight:bold;">Claim yours now</span><!--[if mso]><i style="letter-spacing: 25px;mso-font-width:-100%"> </i><![endif]--></a></p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<!--[if mso]>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<![endif]-->
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</div>
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<div class="spacer" style="line-height:24px;height:24px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"> </div>
There we have it! Now you should have a two-column layout which stacks
vertically when you resize your browser and shrinks as appropriate when you make
the viewport narrower than 330px.
5. ADDING A TWO-COLUMN LAYOUT THAT WILL REVERSE WHEN STACKED ON MOBILE
Now we’re going to duplicate the layout above, but flip it so that the image is
on the right and the text is on the left when viewed on desktop, while ensuring
that the image still comes first when viewed on mobile.
When stacking, the item that comes first in the code will always end up on top.
So we can still code our layout with the image first and content second, but
then make use of the dir="rtl" attribute in HTML and the corresponding
direction:rtl; property in CSS to ensure that the columns are laid out
right-to-left when they appear side by side.
Our elements will stack in the opposite order if dir="rtl" (HTML) or
direction:rtl (CSS) is set on their container
Traditionally this property is for denoting a language with text that runs
right-to-left, for example Arabic. When applied to layout elements, it will tell
each email client to render our elements in the opposite order. We always use
the CSS version for our div content because GMX & Web.de don’t support the
HTML dir attribute but they do support direction in CSS.
So underneath the spacer added above, you could copy and paste the entire
div.two-col again, or paste the code below, which has the same structure but
slightly different content:
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<div class="two-col" style="text-align:center;font-size:0;">
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<!--[if mso]>
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<table role="presentation" width="100%">
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<tr>
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<td style="width:50%;padding:10px;" valign="middle">
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<![endif]-->
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<div class="column" style="width:100%;max-width:330px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;">
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<div style="padding:10px;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;">
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<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;">
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<img src="images/two-column-02.png" width="310" alt="" style="display:block;width:310px;max-width:100%;height:auto;" />
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</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<!--[if mso]>
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</td>
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<td style="width:50%;padding:10px;" valign="middle">
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<![endif]-->
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<div class="column" style="width:100%;max-width:330px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;">
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<div style="padding:10px;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-align:left;">
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<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:12px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;">Conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos</p>
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<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:14px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;">Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Maecenas sed ante pellentesque.</p>
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<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><a href="https://example.com/" style="background: #ffffff; border: 2px solid #8dc1d6; text-decoration: none; padding: 10px 25px; color: #000000; border-radius: 4px; display:inline-block; mso-padding-alt:0;text-underline-color:#ffffff"><!--[if mso]><i style="letter-spacing: 25px;mso-font-width:-100%;mso-text-raise:20pt"> </i><![endif]--><span style="mso-text-raise:10pt;font-weight:bold;">Lock it in</span><!--[if mso]><i style="letter-spacing: 25px;mso-font-width:-100%"> </i><![endif]--></a></p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<!--[if mso]>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<![endif]-->
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</div>
Now all we need to do is tell the ghost table and the parent div to lay out
their contents in a right-to-left direction, so add direction:rtl; to the
container div’s CSS so it now reads:
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<div class="two-col" style="text-align:center;font-size:0;direction:rtl;">
And add dir="rtl" to the ghost table:
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<table role="presentation" width="100%" dir="rtl">
If you save it now and take a look, you’ll see the columns have switched sides,
but the text is looking weird. That’s because the text is also inheriting the
direction property, so we need to reset it on our divs and ghost table cells.
Firstly, add direction:ltr; to each column div, so they now look like this:
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<div class="column" style="width:100%;max-width:330px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;direction:ltr;">
And then dir="ltr" to each ghost table cell:
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<td style="width:50%;padding:10px;" valign="middle" dir="ltr">
Now our English text runs from left to right as it should.
So to recap, our entire row should now look like this, and we’ll also add
another spacer at the bottom, like so:
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<div class="two-col" style="text-align:center;font-size:0;direction:rtl;">
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<!--[if mso]>
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<table role="presentation" width="100%" dir="rtl">
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<tr>
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<td style="width:50%;padding:10px;" valign="middle" dir="ltr">
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<![endif]-->
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<div class="column" style="width:100%;max-width:330px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;direction:ltr;">
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<div style="padding:10px;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;">
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<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;">
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<img src="images/two-column-02.png" width="310" alt="" style="display:block;width:310px;max-width:100%;height:auto;" />
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</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<!--[if mso]>
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</td>
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<td style="width:50%;padding:10px;" valign="middle" dir="ltr">
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<![endif]-->
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<div class="column" style="width:100%;max-width:330px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;direction:ltr;">
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<div style="padding:10px;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-align:left;">
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<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:12px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;">Conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos</p>
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<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:14px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;">Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Maecenas sed ante pellentesque.</p>
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<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><a href="https://example.com/" style="background: #ffffff; border: 2px solid #8dc1d6; text-decoration: none; padding: 10px 25px; color: #000000; border-radius: 4px; display:inline-block; mso-padding-alt:0;text-underline-color:#ffffff"><!--[if mso]><i style="letter-spacing: 25px;mso-font-width:-100%;mso-text-raise:20pt"> </i><![endif]--><span style="mso-text-raise:10pt;font-weight:bold;">Lock it in</span><!--[if mso]><i style="letter-spacing: 25px;mso-font-width:-100%"> </i><![endif]--></a></p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<!--[if mso]>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<![endif]-->
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</div>
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<div class="spacer" style="line-height:24px;height:24px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"> </div>
And that’s all there is to it! You’ve now created a flipped column layout that
will reverse when stacked.
6. ADDING A THREE-COLUMN LAYOUT WITH MULTIPLE ROWS
As with our two-column layout, here we are going to create columns that stack in
the center on mobile by using the combination of text-align: center on the
container and display: inline-block on the columns inside.
To achieve multiple rows and columns, you can add as many inline-block elements
to a single container as you like. This way, when the viewport becomes too
narrow to fit all of the columns, they reflow to fit the space available. This
means you are able to achieve (for example) a 3x2 column layout that stacks down
to 2x3 columns and finally 1x6 columns on mobile:
Our free-flowing blocks can stack from 3x2 to 2x3 and down to 1x6
Firstly, our section here also has a single-column heading and intro, so we’ll
add that first. As at Step 3, we will just use a table because it uses less code
than creating a div and a ghost table. So underneath the spacer from above,
paste the following
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<table role="presentation" style="width:100%;border:0;border-spacing:0;">
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<tr>
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<td style="padding:10px;text-align:center;">
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<h1 style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:12px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:24px;line-height:28px;font-weight:bold;">Praesent laoreet malesuada cursus</h1>
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<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:18px;line-height:24px;">Posuere leo id, eleifend dolor. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora!</p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
Underneath this, we’ll add our three column container, with our text alignment
setting:
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<div class="three-col" style="font-size:0;text-align:center;">
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[content goes here]
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</div>
Next, replace [content goes here] with the following ghost table:
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<!--[if mso]>
2
<table role="presentation" width="100%" style="text-align:center;">
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<tr>
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<td>
5
<![endif]-->
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<div class="column"></div>
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<!--[if mso]>
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</td>
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<td>
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<![endif]-->
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<div class="column"></div>
12
<!--[if mso]>
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</td>
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<td>
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<![endif]-->
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<div class="column"></div>
17
<!--[if mso]>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>
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<![endif]-->
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<div class="column"></div>
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<!--[if mso]>
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</td>
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<td>
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<![endif]-->
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<div class="column"></div>
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<!--[if mso]>
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</td>
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<td>
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<![endif]-->
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<div class="column"></div>
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<!--[if mso]>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<![endif]-->
The main thing to observe in the code above is that in the middle of the ghost
table, we end the table row and start a new one, with </td></tr><tr><td>. You
don’t need to separate the rows of divs, however you do need to add
additional <tr>s to your ghost table for Outlook for every ’row’ of columns that
you are going to end up with. This achieves a layout like this:
This is how our ghost table works in Outlook to keep our rows and columns
separate
For the rest of this layout, the process is almost identical to what we saw in
Step 3. The only difference is that we have three columns, so they are all set
to be a third of the width of our email, 220px wide. And rather than setting the
ghost table cells to be a percentage, since it would need to be 33% for Outlook
which is slightly imprecise, we’ll set it to be the pixel width on each cell.
Replace each td in the ghost table with this markup:
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<td style="width:220px;padding:10px;" valign="top">
Note that it’s always a good idea to set pixel cell widths in ghost tables by
using CSS rather than HTML because Outlook treats these accurately when
adjusting for Windows’ DPI scaling. If you set your cell widths in HTML like
width="220" you can end up with unpredictable results in Outlook on Windows.
We’ll match the ghost table cell formatting for each of our columns, so adjust
each column div tag so they all look like this:
1
<div class="column" style="width:100%;max-width:220px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;">
And once that’s applied to each, we simply need to add our inner padding div,
some content, our text styling, and throw in a spacer underneath. With that
added, it all comes together like this:
1
<div class="three-col" style="font-size:0;text-align:center;">
2
<!--[if mso]>
3
<table role="presentation" width="100%" style="text-align:center;">
4
<tr>
5
<td style="width:220px;padding:10px;" valign="top">
6
<![endif]-->
7
<div class="column" style="width:100%;max-width:220px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;">
8
<div style="padding:10px;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;">
9
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:10px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><img src="images/three-column-01.png" width="100" alt="" style="width:100px;max-width:100%;height:auto;" /></p>
10
<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;">Scelerisque congue eros eu posuere. Praesent in felis ut velit pretium lobortis rhoncus ut erat.</p>
11
</div>
12
</div>
13
<!--[if mso]>
14
</td>
15
<td style="width:220px;padding:10px;" valign="top">
16
<![endif]-->
17
<div class="column" style="width:100%;max-width:220px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;">
18
<div style="padding:10px;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;">
19
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:10px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><img src="images/three-column-02.png" width="100" alt="" style="width:100px;max-width:100%;height:auto;" /></p>
20
<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;">Maecenas sed ante pellentesque, posuere leo id, eleifend dolor.</p>
21
</div>
22
</div>
23
<!--[if mso]>
24
</td>
25
<td style="width:220px;padding:10px;" valign="top">
26
<![endif]-->
27
<div class="column" style="width:100%;max-width:220px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;">
28
<div style="padding:10px;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;">
29
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:10px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><img src="images/three-column-03.png" width="100" alt="" style="width:100px;max-width:100%;height:auto;" /></p>
30
<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;">Praesent laoreet malesuada cursus. Maecenas scelerisque congue eros eu posuere.</p>
31
</div>
32
</div>
33
<!--[if mso]>
34
</td>
35
</tr>
36
<tr>
37
<td style="width:220px;padding:10px;" valign="top">
38
<![endif]-->
39
<div class="column" style="width:100%;max-width:220px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;">
40
<div style="padding:10px;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;">
41
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:10px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><img src="images/three-column-04.png" width="100" alt="" style="width:100px;max-width:100%;height:auto;" /></p>
42
<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;">Praesent laoreet malesuada cursus. Maecenas scelerisque congue eros eu posuere.</p>
43
</div>
44
</div>
45
<!--[if mso]>
46
</td>
47
<td style="width:220px;padding:10px;" valign="top">
48
<![endif]-->
49
<div class="column" style="width:100%;max-width:220px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;">
50
<div style="padding:10px;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;">
51
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:10px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><img src="images/three-column-05.png" width="100" alt="" style="width:100px;max-width:100%;height:auto;" /></p>
52
<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;">Praesent laoreet malesuada cursus. Maecenas scelerisque congue eros eu posuere.</p>
53
</div>
54
</div>
55
<!--[if mso]>
56
</td>
57
<td style="width:220px;padding:10px;" valign="top">
58
<![endif]-->
59
<div class="column" style="width:100%;max-width:220px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;">
60
<div style="padding:10px;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;">
61
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:10px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;"><img src="images/three-column-06.png" width="100" alt="" style="width:100px;max-width:100%;height:auto;" /></p>
62
<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;">Praesent laoreet malesuada cursus. Maecenas scelerisque congue eros eu posuere.</p>
63
</div>
64
</div>
65
<!--[if mso]>
66
</td>
67
</tr>
68
</table>
69
<![endif]-->
70
</div>
71
72
<div class="spacer" style="line-height:50px;height:50px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"> </div>
And that’s it! Now you should have a three-column layout that collapses down to
two columns and finally to one on the smallest screens.
7. ADDING A TWO-COLUMN “SIDEBAR” LAYOUT
Now we’ll create a layout with one wide column plus a narrower sidebar that
contains an icon.
We want these to stack in the center so we’ll set up our container div with that
text alignment. Paste the following code underneath the last spacer:
1
<div class="sidebar" style="font-size:0;text-align:center;">
2
[content goes here]
3
</div>
Now, replace [content goes here] with our ghost table and column divs. Once
column is 100px wide, and the other is 560px.
1
<!--[if mso]>
2
<table role="presentation" width="100%">
3
<tr>
4
<td style="width:100px;">
5
<![endif]-->
6
<div class="small" style="width:100%;max-width:100px;display:inline-block;">
7
[content goes here]
8
</div>
9
<!--[if mso]>
10
</td>
11
<td style="width:560px;">
12
<![endif]-->
13
<div class="large" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;display:inline-block;">
14
[content goes here]
15
</div>
16
<!--[if mso]>
17
</td>
18
</tr>
19
</table>
20
<![endif]-->
Now let’s set our vertical alignment by adding valign to the ghost table cells,
and vertical-align to each div. Our smaller column code will look like this:
1
<td style="width:100px;" valign="middle">
2
<![endif]-->
3
<div class="small" style="width:100%;max-width:100px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;">
And the wider one like this:
1
<td style="width:560px; valign="middle">
2
<![endif]-->
3
<div class="large" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;">
Now we’ll add our padding and align our text to the center on the smaller ghost
table cell:
1
<td style="width:100px;padding:10px;text-align:center;" valign="middle">
And the larger ghost table cell:
1
<td style="width:560px;padding:10px;text-align:center;" valign="middle">
And to ensure our divs match, nest another div inside each, replacing the
[content goes here] markers with this:
1
<div style="padding:10px;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;">
2
[content goes here]
3
</div>
Now we can add our content. On the small column, replace [content goes here]
with this:
1
<img src="images/sidebar-01.png" width="80" alt="" style="width:80px;max-width:100%;height:auto;" />
And on the large column replace it with this:
1
<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;">Praesent laoreet malesuada cursus. Maecenas scelerisque congue eros eu posuere. Praesent in felis ut velit pretium lobortis rhoncus ut erat. <a href="http://www.example.com/" style="color:#a16767;text-decoration:underline;"><strong>Read on</strong></a></p>
Putting it all together, it should look like this. I’ve also added some font
styling the padding div in the small column, for any ALT text that gets
displayed. And we’ll add a spacer at the end too:
1
<div class="sidebar" style="font-size:0;text-align:center;">
2
<!--[if mso]>
3
<table role="presentation" width="100%">
4
<tr>
5
<td style="width:100px;padding:10px;text-align:center;" valign="middle">
6
<![endif]-->
7
<div class="small" style="width:100%;max-width:100px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;">
8
<div style="padding:10px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;">
9
<img src="images/sidebar-01.png" width="80" alt="" style="width:80px;max-width:100%;height:auto;" />
10
</div>
11
</div>
12
<!--[if mso]>
13
</td>
14
<td style="width:560px;padding:10px;text-align:center;" valign="middle">
15
<![endif]-->
16
<div class="large" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;">
17
<div style="padding:10px;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;">
18
<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;">Praesent laoreet malesuada cursus. Maecenas scelerisque congue eros eu posuere. Praesent in felis ut velit pretium lobortis rhoncus ut erat. <a href="http://www.example.com/" style="color:#a16767;text-decoration:underline;"><strong>Read on</strong></a></p>
19
</div>
20
</div>
21
<!--[if mso]>
22
</td>
23
</tr>
24
</table>
25
<![endif]-->
26
</div>
27
28
<div class="spacer" style="line-height:10px;height:10px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"> </div>
Now you should have your left sidebar layout and when you resize your browser to
make it smaller, the icon will jump above the text and sit in the centre.
8. ADDING A REVERSED “SIDEBAR” LAYOUT
To add some more visual interest, let’s reverse our second sidebar layout so
that the icon is on the right for desktop, but still stacks first on mobile.
We’ll follow exactly the same process as in Step 5. We can essentially duplicate
the sidebar layout above, or take this example layout with slightly different
content:
1
<div class="sidebar" style="font-size:0;text-align:center;">
2
<!--[if mso]>
3
<table role="presentation" width="100%">
4
<tr>
5
<td style="width:100px;padding:10px;text-align:center;" valign="middle">
6
<![endif]-->
7
<div class="small" style="width:100%;max-width:100px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;">
8
<div style="padding:10px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;">
9
<img src="images/sidebar-02.png" width="80" alt="" style="width:80px;max-width:100%;height:auto;" />
10
</div>
11
</div>
12
<!--[if mso]>
13
</td>
14
<td style="width:560px;padding:10px;text-align:center;" valign="middle">
15
<![endif]-->
16
<div class="large" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;">
17
<div style="padding:10px;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;">
18
<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;">Maecenas sed ante pellentesque, posuere leo id, eleifend dolor. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra. <a href="http://www.example.com/" style="color:#a16767;text-decoration:underline;"><strong>Register today</strong></a></p>
19
</div>
20
</div>
21
<!--[if mso]>
22
</td>
23
</tr>
24
</table>
25
<![endif]-->
26
</div>
And as at Step 5, to reverse the order we simply need to add our direction:rtl;
to div.sidebar, and dir="rtl" to the ghost <table> tag.
Then, to ensure the contents run in the right direction, we add direction:ltr;
to both of our columns, and dir="ltr" to each of our ghost table cells.
Once done, it all looks like this, with our final spacer added underneath:
1
<div class="sidebar" style="font-size:0;text-align:center;direction:rtl;">
2
<!--[if mso]>
3
<table role="presentation" width="100%" dir="rtl">
4
<tr>
5
<td style="width:100px;padding:10px;text-align:center;" valign="middle" dir="ltr">
6
<![endif]-->
7
<div class="small" style="width:100%;max-width:100px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;direction:ltr;">
8
<div style="padding:10px;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;">
9
<img src="images/sidebar-02.png" width="80" alt="" style="width:80px;max-width:100%;height:auto;" />
10
</div>
11
</div>
12
<!--[if mso]>
13
</td>
14
<td style="width:560px;padding:10px;text-align:center;" valign="middle" dir="ltr">
15
<![endif]-->
16
<div class="large" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;direction:ltr;">
17
<div style="padding:10px;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;">
18
<p style="margin:0;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;">Maecenas sed ante pellentesque, posuere leo id, eleifend dolor. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra. <a href="http://www.example.com/" style="color:#a16767;text-decoration:underline;"><strong>Register today</strong></a></p>
19
</div>
20
</div>
21
<!--[if mso]>
22
</td>
23
</tr>
24
</table>
25
<![endif]-->
26
</div>
27
28
<div class="spacer" style="line-height:40px;height:40px;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;"> </div>
And there you have it! Now we have two sidebars with icons on opposite sides,
but they remain above the text when everything stacks on mobile.
9. ADDING PROGRESSIVE ENHANCEMENT WITH MEDIA QUERIES
Now you have a complete email template that is responsive everywhere without a
single media query in sight! But of course there are many email clients that do
support media queries, so now we can go about progressively enhancing our
already fabulous template with a few tweaks so that it looks top-notch in as
many email clients as possible.
ADDING MEDIA QUERIES
Firstly, we’ll set our three-column columns to be 100% wide on screens up to
350px wide, but then for screens that are between 351–460px wide, we can
actually fit two columns side by side, so we’ll set them to 50% there. On the
columns all we have to do is override the max-width because, as you’ll recall,
they all already have a width of 100% and it’s just the max-width that is
restricting them.
With our two-column columns and images, we’ll just set those to be 100% wide on
all screens up to 460px wide.
For screens that are a minimum of 461px wide, we’ll then specify percentage
max-widths for all the columns, so that they will all be in proportion even if
the viewport or viewable region (in Gmail webmail for example) is narrower than
our email width of 660px.
So add this to the <head> of our document:
1
<style type="text/css">
2
@media screen and (max-width: 350px) {
3
.three-col .column {
4
max-width: 100% !important;
5
}
6
}
7
@media screen and (min-width: 351px) and (max-width: 460px) {
8
.three-col .column {
9
max-width: 50% !important;
10
}
11
}
12
@media screen and (max-width: 460px) {
13
.two-col .column {
14
max-width: 100% !important;
15
}
16
.two-col img {
17
width: 100% !important;
18
}
19
}
20
@media screen and (min-width: 461px) {
21
.three-col .column {
22
max-width: 33.3% !important;
23
}
24
.two-col .column {
25
max-width: 50% !important;
26
}
27
.sidebar .small {
28
max-width: 16% !important;
29
}
30
.sidebar .large {
31
max-width: 84% !important;
32
}
33
}
34
</style>
And voilà! Layout perfection at every screen size.
These are just some adjustments to demonstrate what’s possible—you can play
around with this as much as you like to achieve your desired outcome across a
whole range of device sizes that support media queries.
AND THERE YOU HAVE IT!
Well done! We now have a fully-functioning responsive HTML email using just a
handful of media queries and coming in at under 17kb. Go forth and experiment
with different layouts using the principles you have learned in this tutorial –
there is a lot you can do once you’ve mastered the basics.
ICONS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
All the graphic elements in the template are part of the Flat People Characters
collection by alexdndz available on Envato Elements.
And don’t forget, if you’re about to kickstart a new project browse
through our best-selling responsive email templates on Envato Market.
MORE HTML EMAIL DEVELOPMENT TUTORIALS
* Build an HTML Email Template From Scratch
Nicole Merlin
24 May 2023
* What You Should Know About HTML Email
Nicole Merlin
10 Jun 2013
* A Beginner’s Guide to Email Accessibility (Checklist + Resources)
Stig Morten Myre
11 Sep 2018
* The Complete Guide to Designing for Email
Nicole Merlin
13 Dec 2013
* 15+ MailChimp Templates for Every Purpose and Occasion
Paula Borowska
14 Jun 2022
* Best Mailchimp Templates to Level Up Your Business Email Newsletter 2023
Brad Smith
24 May 2022
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Nicole Merlin
Australia
Email designer, developer and lover of all things email. Owner of Email
Wizardry, an email design and development studio in Victoria, Australia.
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