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These old gourds are now in the Dominion Museum in Wellington. The Old Maori
Water Bottles In the old days, when people had no pottery, they grew gourds to
use as containers—to keep water in, and wild honey, and also meat, preserved in
its own fat—such as rats, pigeons, tuis, and human flesh. Often they used carved
wooden bowls too, and baskets of totara bark or flax. But they valued gourds
very much, and went to a great deal of trouble to grow them well. Legends say
that the gourd plant was one of the earliest to be introduced to New Zealand,
since its seeds were so easy to carry, easier than the tubers of the taro and
kumara, for instance. It is said that Ngati Toi were the first people to
cultivate it; according to one story, they were given the gourd by a god called
Pu-te-hue. Pu-te-hue was one of the offspring of Tane, the Fertiliser of all of
the productions of the earth. Pu-te-hue is, at the same time, the
personification of the gourd, and one of the names by which it is called; he
said, as he gave himself to the people, that ‘the seeds within me shall provide
water vessels for my descendants’. Gourd seeds were always planted on the 16th
or Turu, and 17th or Rakau-nui, days of the moon's age, that is to say just
after the full moon. There was a ritual which had to be performed at the
planting, so that the gourds would grow well.

The planter faced towards the east, with a seed in either hand. Then he raised
his arms in a big circle in the air, moving them in the shape into which he
wished the gourds to grow; after this he placed the seeds in their hole. It was
said that you could always find plenty of gourd seeds in the entrails of the
sperm whale, and that this was because in Hawaiki gourds grow and hang upon the
cliffs in great quantities, so that when they are ripe they fall into the sea,
and are swallowed by the whales which swim there. As well as being food
containers, gourds (or hue, the most common Maori word for them) had many other
uses. Often they were picked when they were green and cooked as a vegetable.
They were used sometimes as trumpets and flutes, as containers for shark oil and
red ochre, as lamps, and as floats for fishing nets. Children used them as water
wings when they were learning to swim. Sometimes a stick was thrust through a
small hue, a couple of holes were bored in its sides, and it became a humming
top. There is a story about a man at Taranaki who was so proud of his beauty,
and of his beautiful tattoo or moko, that when he was travelling, or exposed to
sun, he used to wear a mask which was made from half a gourd, with holes cut for
his eyes and mouth, tattooed in imitation of his moko and decorated with
feathers. Only the gourds which were the personal property of chiefs were
decorated; some part of the moko of the chief would be carved on the gourd, and
in this way the tapu of the chief was transferred to it. In 1919 Elsdon Best
wrote that the Maori gourd was almost extinct. But it has survived; on this page
and the next there are photographs of some of the beautiful gourds which the
Auckland artist Theo Schoon grows and decorates. Pine Taiapa, the East Coast
carver, is another artist who grows and carves beautiful gourds. It is because
of their beauty that the old Maoris valued them so much; and it is because of
this, because they are so decorative whether or not you carve them, that there
is an increasing interest today in growing them. In America, for example, they
are very popular, and you can choose between more than 40 different varieties
advertised in the seed catalogues. Mr Schoon has found that there were at least
four distinct varieties of hue, each of them producing a different range of
shapes, growing here before Europeans came. He grows three of these varieties;
the fourth, the giant taha huahua, is probably extinct now, but he has replaced
it with a similar variety which comes from Africa, and with which he is growing
gourds which are almost six feet in circumference. On page 59, our gardening
page, we publish an article in which Mr Schoon describes how to grow gourds.
Although you must be very careful with them if you want the best results, modern
gardening aids, such as plastic cloches, make them much easier to grow than they
used to be. Some of the Schoon's gourds. Gourds take a long time and a great
deal of skill to carve. Mr Schoon, shown here at work, sells most of his gourds
in America.

Gourds full of preserved birds and protected by woven baskets would be displayed
like this at feasts. In those of his designs which are based on Maori motifs,
Theo Schoon shows how well traditional New Zealand art may serve as an
inspiration for contemporary New Zealand art.

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BIBLIOGRAPHIC DETAILS

Te Ao Hou, June 1962, Page 38

WORD COUNT

871

THE OLD MAORI WATER BOTTLES TE AO HOU, JUNE 1962, PAGE 38

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The Secretary Maori Purposes Fund Board
C/- Te Puni Kokiri
PO Box 3943
WELLINGTON
Phone: (04) 922 6000
Email: tpkinfo@tpk.govt.nz

THE OLD MAORI WATER BOTTLES TE AO HOU, JUNE 1962, PAGE 38

USING THIS ITEM

He pai noa iho tō hanga hononga ki ngā kai o roto i tēnei pae tukutuku. Kāore e
whakaaetia ngā hononga kia kī, kia whakaatu whakaaro rānei ehara ngā kai nei nā
te National Library.

The Secretary Maori Purposes Fund Board
C/- Te Puni Kokiri
PO Box 3943
WELLINGTON
Waea: (04) 922 6000
Īmēra: tpkinfo@tpk.govt.nz

You can search, browse, print and download for research and personal study.
Permission must be obtained from the board for any other use.

You are welcome to create links to the content on this website. Any link may not
be done in a way to say or imply that the material is other than that of the
National Library.

The Secretary Maori Purposes Fund Board
C/- Te Puni Kokiri
PO Box 3943
WELLINGTON
Phone: (04) 922 6000
Email: tpkinfo@tpk.govt.nz

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