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PROLACTIN IN POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: METABOLIC EFFECTS AND THERAPEUTIC
PROSPECTS.

Lara Mastnak, Rok Herman, Simona Ferjan, Andrej Janež, Mojca Jensterle
Life 2023 October 27
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine and metabolic
disorder in premenopausal women, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory
dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries. Patients frequently present comorbidities,
including obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose and lipid
metabolism. The diverse clinical presentation may mimic various endocrine
disorders, making the diagnosis challenging in some clinical circumstances.
Prolactin (PRL) is a recommended biomarker in the initial diagnostic workup to
rule out hyperprolactinemia (HPRL). The traditional role of PRL is linked to
lactation and the reproductive system. Recent research highlights PRL's emerging
role in metabolic homeostasis. PRL influences metabolism directly by interacting
with the pancreas, liver, hypothalamus, and adipose tissue. Its influence on an
individual's metabolism is intricately tied to its serum concentration. While
deficient and very high levels of PRL can negatively affect metabolism,
intermediate-normal to moderately high levels may promote metabolic health. In
women with PCOS, PRL levels may be altered. Research results on different
aspects of the relationship between PCOS and the impact of various levels of PRL
on metabolic homeostasis are limited and inconsistent. In this narrative
literature review, we comprehensively examined data on serum PRL levels in PCOS
patients. We investigated the correlation between a favorable metabolic profile
and serum PRL levels in this population. Furthermore, we explored the concept of
beneficial PRL effects on metabolism and discussed the potential therapeutic
application of dopamine agonists in PCOS treatment. Lastly, we emphasized
several promising avenues for future research in this field.



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