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CLASSIFICATION OF ANXIETY DISORDERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH

DOI link for Classification of Anxiety Disorders: Implications for Psychiatric
Research

Classification of Anxiety Disorders: Implications for Psychiatric Research book

ByKerrie L. Posey, Susan G. Ball, Anantha Shekhar
BookHandbook of Medical Psychiatry

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Edition 1st Edition
First Published 2003
Imprint CRC Press

Pages 10
eBook ISBN 9780429240058

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ABSTRACT

Anxiety as an illness or disorder develops when there is a dysregulation in any
of the three components of threat detection, threat interpretation, or threat
response. A state of persistent hypervigilance will result in overdetection of
threats; catastrophic thinking patterns can result in false perceptions of
threat; and avoidance and escape behaviors may become over-utilized, resulting
in maintenance of fears. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental
Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) [3], for anxiety disorders classifies seven major
areas of illness: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social phobia,
specific phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder,
and acute stress disorder [4]. In the alarm system analogy, these syndromes can
be viewed as a predominant disturbance in one or more of the components of
threat detection, interpretation, or response. For example, generalized anxiety
disorder is a perturbed alarm system, whose threshold for threat detection is
set too low. Sharing a low threshold for threat detection, individuals with
obsessive-compulsive disorder are also likely to perceive harm with a greater
sensitivity than others. Once a stimulus has been detected, threat
interpretation becomes problematic in the cases of panic disorder, social
phobia, specific phobias, and obsessive-compulsive disorder wherein information
is misperceived or processed erroneously (e.g., panic attack symptoms are
interpreted as an impending heart attack). Panic disorder, acute stress
disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder develop from the response component
of the alarm system, where the response either occurs in the absence of danger
(i.e., spontaneous panic attacks) or continues to be triggered despite the
cessation of the true danger.



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