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An intuitive, efficient and economical solution to process high volumes
automatically.

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meets all the criteria to defy all adversities and to rock the laboratories of
this world for many years.

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2,110 articles powered by Scitap
>ALL >Rotary evaporators >Magnetic stirrers >Overhead stirrers >Shakers and
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Production and optimization of novel Sphorolipids from Candida parapsilosis
grown on potato peel and frying oil wastes and their adverse effect on Mucorales
fungal strains.
2023, Microb Cell Fact, Al-Kashef AS, Nooman MU, Rashad MM, Hashem AH, Abdelraof
M.
abstract(hide)  article
Brief introductionMucormycosis disease, which has recently expanded with the
Covid 19 pandemic in many countries, endangers patients' lives, and treatment
with common drugs is fraught with unfavorable side effects.Aim and
objectivesThis study deals with the economic production of sophorolipids (SLs)
from different eight fungal isolates strains utilizing potato peels waste (PPW)
and frying oil waste (FOW). Then investigate their effect against mucormycetes
fungi.ResultsThe screening of the isolates for SLs production revealed the
highest yield (39 g/100 g substrate) with most efficiency was related to a yeast
that have been identified genetically as Candida parapsilosis. Moreover, the
characterizations studies of the produced SLs by FTIR, 1H NMR and LC-MS/MS
proved the existence of both acidic and lactonic forms, while their surface
activity was confirmed by the surface tension (ST) assessment. The SLs
production was optimized utilizing Box-Behnken design resulting in the
amelioration of yield by 30% (55.3 g/100 g substrate) and ST by 20.8% (38mN/m)
with constant level of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) at 125 mg/L. The
studies also revealed the high affinity toward soybean oil (E24 = 50%), in
addition to maintaining the emulsions stability against broad range of pH (4-10)
and temperature (10-100℃). Furthermore, the antifungal activity against Mucor
racemosus, Rhizopus microsporus, and Syncephalastrum racemosum proved a high
inhibition efficiency of the produced SLs.ConclusionThe findings demonstrated
the potential application of the SLs produced economically from agricultural
waste as an effective and safer alternative for the treatment of infection
caused by black fungus. (hide) Rhodococcus rhodochrous IEGM 1360, an Effective
Biocatalyst of C3 Oxidative Transformation of Oleanane Triterpenoids.
2023, Microbiology (N Y), Luchnikova NA, Tarasova EV, Grishko VV, Ivshina IB.
abstract(hide)  article
The optimal conditions for C3 oxidative biotransformation of 1.0 g/L pentacyclic
triterpenoids oleanolic (OA) and glycyrrhetinic (GA) acids were determined using
the resting cells of Rhodococcus rhodochrous IEGM 1360 from the Regional
Specialised Collection of Alkanotrophic Microorganisms. Resting cell suspensions
(OD600 2.6, pH 8.0, and OD600 2.2, pH 6.0) showed the highest catalytic activity
against OA and GA, resulting in the formation of 61 and 100% of their 3-oxo
derivatives, respectively. Using phase contrast, atomic force, and confocal
laser scanning microscopy, an adaptive response of rhodococci to the effects of
OA and GA was revealed. In silico, the apoptotic activity of 3-oxo-OA and
antioxidant activity of 3-oxo-GA have been assumed. In vitro, a pronounced
antibacterial activity of 3-oxo-OA against Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli,
Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis was shown. The absence of toxic
effects of the above triterpenoids and their 3-oxo derivatives on aquatic
objects and plants was demonstrated in silico and in vitro,
respectively.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary
material available at 10.1134/S0026261722603360. (hide) First Description of
Non-Enzymatic Radical-Generating Mechanisms Adopted by Fomitiporia mediterranea:
An Unexplored Pathway of the White Rot Agent of the Esca Complex of Diseases.
2023, J Fungi (Basel), Moretti S, Goddard ML, Puca A, Lalevée J, Di Marco S,
Mugnai L, Gelhaye E, Goodell B, Bertsch C, Farine S.
abstract(hide)  article
Fomitiporia mediterranea (Fmed) is the primary Basidiomycota species causing
white rot in European vineyards affected by the Esca complex of diseases (ECD).
In the last few years, an increasing number of studies have highlighted the
importance of reconsidering the role of Fmed in ECD etiology, justifying an
increase in research interest related to Fmed's biomolecular pathogenetic
mechanisms. In the context of the current re-evaluation of the binary
distinction (brown vs. white rot) between biomolecular decay pathways induced by
Basidiomycota species, our research aims to investigate the potential for
non-enzymatic mechanisms adopted by Fmed, which is typically described as a
white rot fungus. Our results demonstrate how, in liquid culture reproducing
nutrient restriction conditions often found in wood, Fmed can produce low
molecular weight compounds, the hallmark of the non-enzymatic "chelator-mediated
Fenton" (CMF) reaction, originally described for brown rot fungi. CMF reactions
can redox cycle with ferric iron, generating hydrogen peroxide and ferrous iron,
necessary reactants leading to hydroxyl radical (•OH) production. These
observations led to the conclusion that a non-enzymatic radical-generating
CMF-like mechanism may be utilized by Fmed, potentially together with an
enzymatic pool, to contribute to degrading wood constituents; moreover,
indicating significant variability between strains. (hide) Enzymatic Synthesis
of a Novel Coumarin Aminophosphonates: Antibacterial Effects and Oxidative
Stress Modulation on Selected E. coli Strains.
2023, Int J Mol Sci, Koszelewski D, Kowalczyk P, Brodzka A, Hrunyk A, Kramkowski
K, Ostaszewski R.
abstract(hide)  article
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the synergistic effect of two
important pharmacophores, coumarin and α-amino dimethyl phosphonate moieties, on
antimicrobial activity toward selected LPS-varied E. coli strains. Studied
antimicrobial agents were prepared via a Kabachnik-Fields reaction promoted by
lipases. The products were provided with an excellent yield (up to 92%) under
mild, solvent- and metal-free conditions. A preliminary exploration of coumarin
α-amino dimethyl phosphonate analogs as novel antimicrobial agents was carried
out to determine the basic features of the structure responsible for the
observed biological activity. The structure-activity relationship revealed that
an inhibitory activity of the synthesized compounds is strongly related to the
type of the substituents located in the phenyl ring. The collected data
demonstrated that coumarin-based α-aminophosphonates can be potential
antimicrobial drug candidates, which is particularly crucial due to the
constantly increasing resistance of bacteria to commonly used antibiotics.
(hide) Adsorption Capacity of Silica SBA-15 and Titanosilicate ETS-10 toward
Indium Ions.
2023, Materials (Basel), Zinicovscaia I, Yushin N, Humelnicu D, Grozdov D, Ignat
M, Humelnicu I.
abstract(hide)  article
Indium is an extremely important element for industry that is distributed in the
Earth's crust at very low concentrations. The recovery of indium by silica
SBA-15 and titanosilicate ETS-10 was investigated at different pH levels,
temperatures, times of contact and indium concentrations. A maximum removal of
indium by ETS-10 was achieved at pH 3.0, while by SBA-15 it was within the pH
range of 5.0-6.0. By studying kinetics, the applicability of the Elovich model
for the description of indium adsorption on silica SBA-15 was shown, while its
sorption on titanosilicate ETS-10 fitted well with the pseudo-first-order model.
Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were used to explain the equanimity
of the sorption process. The Langmuir model showed its applicability for the
explanation of the equilibrium data obtained for both sorbents, the maximum
sorption capacity obtained using the model constituted 366 mg/g for
titanosilicate ETS-10 at pH 3.0, temperature 22 °C and contact time 60 min, and
2036 mg/g for silica SBA-15 at pH 6.0, temperature 22 °C and contact time 60
min. Indium recovery was not dependent on the temperature and the sorption
process was spontaneous in nature. The interactions between the indium sulfate
structure and surfaces of adsorbents were investigated theoretically using the
ORCA quantum chemistry program package. The spent SBA-15 and ETS-10 could be
easily regenerated by using 0.01 M HCl and reused with up to 6 cycles of
adsorption/desorption with a decrease in the removal efficiency between 4% and
10% for SBA-15 and 5% and 10% for ETS-10, respectively. (hide) Comparison of
Compartmental and Non-Compartmental Analysis to Detect Biopharmaceutical
Similarity of Intravenous Nanomaterial-Based Rifabutin Formulations.
2023, Pharmaceutics, Osipova N, Budko A, Maksimenko O, Shipulo E, Vanchugova L,
Chen W, Gelperina S, Wacker MG.
abstract(hide)  article
Pharmacometric analysis is often used to quantify the differences and
similarities between formulation prototypes. In the regulatory framework, it
plays a significant role in the evaluation of bioequivalence. While
non-compartmental analysis provides an unbiased data evaluation, mechanistic
compartmental models such as the physiologically-based nanocarrier
biopharmaceutics model promise improved sensitivity and resolution for the
underlying causes of inequivalence. In the present investigation, both
techniques were applied to two nanomaterial-based formulations for intravenous
injection, namely, albumin-stabilized rifabutin nanoparticles and
rifabutin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles. The antibiotic rifabutin holds great
potential for the treatment of severe and acute infections of patients
co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis. The formulations
differ significantly in their formulation and material attributes, resulting in
an altered biodistribution pattern as confirmed in a biodistribution study in
rats. The albumin-stabilized delivery system further undergoes a dose-dependent
change in particle size which leads to a small yet significant change in the in
vivo performance. A second analysis was conducted comparing the dose
fraction-scaled pharmacokinetic profiles of three dose levels of
albumin-stabilized rifabutin nanoparticles. The dose strength affects both the
nanomaterial-related absorption and biodistribution of the carrier as well as
the drug-related distribution and elimination parameters, increasing the
background noise and difficulty of detecting inequivalence. Depending on the
pharmacokinetic parameter (e.g., AUC, Cmax, Clobs), the relative (percentage)
difference from the average observed using non-compartmental modeling ranged
from 85% to 5.2%. A change in the formulation type (PLGA nanoparticles vs.
albumin-stabilized rifabutin nanoparticles) resulted in a similar level of
inequivalence as compared to a change in the dose strength. A mechanistic
compartmental analysis using the physiologically-based nanocarrier
biopharmaceutics model led to an average difference of 152.46% between the two
formulation prototypes. Albumin-stabilized rifabutin nanoparticles tested at
different dose levels led to a 128.30% difference, potentially due to changes in
particle size. A comparison of different dose strengths of PLGA nanoparticles,
on average, led to a 3.87% difference. This study impressively illustrates the
superior sensitivity of mechanistic compartmental analysis when dealing with
nanomedicines. (hide) Efficacy of curcumin for amelioration of
radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis: a preliminary randomized controlled
clinical trial.
2023, BMC Cancer, Ramezani V, Ghadirian S, Shabani M, Boroumand MA, Daneshvar R,
Saghafi F.
abstract(hide)  article
BackgroundOral mucositis (OM) is one of the main problems in almost all patients
undergoing head and neck radiotherapy (RT). Owning to the antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, the effect of both oral and topical
formulations of curcumin was assessed on radiation-induced OM (ROM) in this
study.MethodsThe safety and efficacy of curcumin mouthwash 0.1% (w/v) and
curcumin-nanocapsule were evaluated in ameliorating severity and pain/burning
associated with OM during RT. The current randomized, placebo-controlled trial
was conducted on 37 patients with head and neck cancers. Patients with grades 1
to 3 of ROM were randomized to receive one of the three interventions: curcumin
mouthwash (0.1% w/v); Sinacurcumin soft gel containing 40 mg curcuminoids as
nano-micelles (SinaCurcumin®40); or placebo mouthwash with a similar transparent
appearance to curcumin mouthwash for 1 min three times daily during RT. Study
evaluations were conducted at baseline and weekly thereafter for up to 3 weeks
using the Numeric rating scale (NRS) and world health organization (WHO)
scale.ResultsAmong the 45 patients randomized, 37 (mean (SD) age of 53.36
(15.99) years; 14 [37.8%] women) completed the treatment according to the
protocol. Patients treated with either oral or topical curcumin showed a
significantly reduced severity and burning related to OM during the first 3
weeks after administration (P-Value ConclusionBoth curcumin mouthwash and
nanocapsule were effective, safe, and well-tolerated in the treatment of
radiation-induced OM. Higher doses of curcumin and larger sample sizes can be
used for further investigation in future studies.Trial
registrationhttps://irct.ir/ IRCT20190810044500N17 (13/08/2021). (hide)
Encapsulation of Copper Nanoparticles in Electrospun Nanofibers for Sustainable
Removal of Pesticides.
2023, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, Quilez-Molina AI, Barroso-Solares S,
Hurtado-García V, Heredia-Guerrero JA, Rodriguez-Mendez ML, Rodríguez-Pérez MÁ,
Pinto J.
abstract(hide)  article
The excellent catalytic properties of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) for the
degradation of the highly toxic and recalcitrant chlorpyrifos pesticide are
widely known. However, CuNPs generally present low stability caused by their
high sensitivity to oxidation, which leads to a change of the catalytic response
over time. In the current work, the immobilization of CuNPs into a
polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix via electrospinning was demonstrated to be a very
effective method to retard air and solvent oxidation and to ensure constant
catalytic activity in the long term. CuNPs were successfully anchored into PCL
electrospun fibers in the form of Cu2O at different concentrations (from 1.25 wt
% to 5 wt % with respect to the PCL), with no signs of loss by leaching out. The
PCL mats loaded with 2.5 wt % Cu (PCL-2.5Cu) almost halved the initial
concentration of pesticide (40 mg/L) after 96 h. This process was performed in
two unprompted and continuous steps that consisted of adsorption, followed by
degradation. Interestingly, the degradation process was independent of the light
conditions (i.e., not photocatalytic), expanding the application environments
(e.g., groundwaters). Moreover, the PCL-2.5Cu composite presents high
reusability, retaining the high elimination capability for at least five cycles
and eliminating a total of 100 mg/L of chlorpyrifos, without exhibiting any sign
of morphological damages. (hide) Chemical Characterization and Determination of
the Antioxidant Properties of Phenolic Compounds in Three Scutellaria sp. Plants
Grown in Colombia.
2023, Molecules, Porras SM, Saavedra RA, Sierra LJ, González RT, Martínez JR,
Stashenko EE.
abstract(hide)  article
Plants of the genus Scutellaria (Lamiaceae) have a wide variety of bioactive
secondary metabolites with diverse biological properties, e.g.,
anti-inflammatory, antiallergenic, antioxidant, antiviral, and antitumor
activities. The chemical composition of the hydroethanolic extracts, obtained
from dried plants of S. incarnata, S. coccinea, and S. ventenatii × S.
incarnata, was determined by UHPLC/ESI-Q-Orbitrap-MS. The flavones were found in
a higher proportion. Baicalin and dihydrobaicalein-glucuronide were the major
extract components in S. incarnata (287.127 ± 0.005 mg/g and 140.18 ± 0.07
mg/g), in S. coccinea (158.3 ± 0.34 mg/g and 51.20 ± 0.02 mg/g), and in S.
ventenatii × S. incarnata (186.87 ± 0.01 mg/g and 44.89 ± 0.06 mg/g). The S.
coccinea extract showed the highest antioxidant activity in the four
complementary techniques employed to evaluate all extracts: ORAC (3828 ± 3.0
µmol Trolox®/g extract), ABTS+• (747 ± 1.8 µmol Trolox®/g extract), online
HPLC-ABTS+• (910 ± 1.3 µmol Trolox®/g extract), and β-carotene (74.3 ± 0.8 µmol
Trolox®/g extract). (hide) Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Potential of Methanolic
Extract of Neurada procumbens Linn. in Mice.
2023, Dose Response, Khalid AA, Jabeen Q, Javaid F.
abstract(hide)  article
Neurada procumbens Linn. possesses a wide range of phytochemical and bioactive
entities such as flavonoids and polyphenols that decrease the oxidative stress
and enhance synaptic plasticity, resulting in accelerated healing processes.
Almost all parts of the plant have been used in the traditional system of
medicine for various disorders including its use as an anticonvulsant, sexual
tonic, and anti-rheumatic agent. This study is designed to evaluate the
anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of the methanolic crude extract of N.
procumbens (Np.Cr) based on its use in traditional medicine and presence of the
phytochemical constituents. Aqueous methanolic extract of Np.Cr was prepared
under reduced pressure using rotary evaporator, and different chemical
constituents were identified by phytochemical screening. Light/dark exploration,
elevated plus maze (EPM), and hole board tests were used to assess the
anxiolytic activity, while forced swim and tail suspension tests were used to
assess the antidepressant potential of the crude extract. Treatment groups
treated individually with 3 different doses; i.e., 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of
Np.Cr, showed a dose-dependent increase in time spent in light compartment and
in open arms as well as increased number of head poking by the experimental
animals. Np.Cr showed significant antidepressant potential (P N. procumbens
possess significant anxiolytic and antidepressant potential with the demands of
further investigations to identify the active compound(s) responsible for these
pharmacological effects. (hide) see more...
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Rhodococcus rhodochrous IEGM 1360, an Effective Biocatalyst of C3 Oxidative
Transformation of Oleanane Triterpenoids.
2023, Microbiology (N Y), Luchnikova NA, Tarasova EV, Grishko VV, Ivshina IB.
abstract(hide)  article
The optimal conditions for C3 oxidative biotransformation of 1.0 g/L pentacyclic
triterpenoids oleanolic (OA) and glycyrrhetinic (GA) acids were determined using
the resting cells of Rhodococcus rhodochrous IEGM 1360 from the Regional
Specialised Collection of Alkanotrophic Microorganisms. Resting cell suspensions
(OD600 2.6, pH 8.0, and OD600 2.2, pH 6.0) showed the highest catalytic activity
against OA and GA, resulting in the formation of 61 and 100% of their 3-oxo
derivatives, respectively. Using phase contrast, atomic force, and confocal
laser scanning microscopy, an adaptive response of rhodococci to the effects of
OA and GA was revealed. In silico, the apoptotic activity of 3-oxo-OA and
antioxidant activity of 3-oxo-GA have been assumed. In vitro, a pronounced
antibacterial activity of 3-oxo-OA against Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli,
Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis was shown. The absence of toxic
effects of the above triterpenoids and their 3-oxo derivatives on aquatic
objects and plants was demonstrated in silico and in vitro,
respectively.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary
material available at 10.1134/S0026261722603360. (hide) First Description of
Non-Enzymatic Radical-Generating Mechanisms Adopted by Fomitiporia mediterranea:
An Unexplored Pathway of the White Rot Agent of the Esca Complex of Diseases.
2023, J Fungi (Basel), Moretti S, Goddard ML, Puca A, Lalevée J, Di Marco S,
Mugnai L, Gelhaye E, Goodell B, Bertsch C, Farine S.
abstract(hide)  article
Fomitiporia mediterranea (Fmed) is the primary Basidiomycota species causing
white rot in European vineyards affected by the Esca complex of diseases (ECD).
In the last few years, an increasing number of studies have highlighted the
importance of reconsidering the role of Fmed in ECD etiology, justifying an
increase in research interest related to Fmed's biomolecular pathogenetic
mechanisms. In the context of the current re-evaluation of the binary
distinction (brown vs. white rot) between biomolecular decay pathways induced by
Basidiomycota species, our research aims to investigate the potential for
non-enzymatic mechanisms adopted by Fmed, which is typically described as a
white rot fungus. Our results demonstrate how, in liquid culture reproducing
nutrient restriction conditions often found in wood, Fmed can produce low
molecular weight compounds, the hallmark of the non-enzymatic "chelator-mediated
Fenton" (CMF) reaction, originally described for brown rot fungi. CMF reactions
can redox cycle with ferric iron, generating hydrogen peroxide and ferrous iron,
necessary reactants leading to hydroxyl radical (•OH) production. These
observations led to the conclusion that a non-enzymatic radical-generating
CMF-like mechanism may be utilized by Fmed, potentially together with an
enzymatic pool, to contribute to degrading wood constituents; moreover,
indicating significant variability between strains. (hide) Chemical
Characterization and Determination of the Antioxidant Properties of Phenolic
Compounds in Three Scutellaria sp. Plants Grown in Colombia.
2023, Molecules, Porras SM, Saavedra RA, Sierra LJ, González RT, Martínez JR,
Stashenko EE.
abstract(hide)  article
Plants of the genus Scutellaria (Lamiaceae) have a wide variety of bioactive
secondary metabolites with diverse biological properties, e.g.,
anti-inflammatory, antiallergenic, antioxidant, antiviral, and antitumor
activities. The chemical composition of the hydroethanolic extracts, obtained
from dried plants of S. incarnata, S. coccinea, and S. ventenatii × S.
incarnata, was determined by UHPLC/ESI-Q-Orbitrap-MS. The flavones were found in
a higher proportion. Baicalin and dihydrobaicalein-glucuronide were the major
extract components in S. incarnata (287.127 ± 0.005 mg/g and 140.18 ± 0.07
mg/g), in S. coccinea (158.3 ± 0.34 mg/g and 51.20 ± 0.02 mg/g), and in S.
ventenatii × S. incarnata (186.87 ± 0.01 mg/g and 44.89 ± 0.06 mg/g). The S.
coccinea extract showed the highest antioxidant activity in the four
complementary techniques employed to evaluate all extracts: ORAC (3828 ± 3.0
µmol Trolox®/g extract), ABTS+• (747 ± 1.8 µmol Trolox®/g extract), online
HPLC-ABTS+• (910 ± 1.3 µmol Trolox®/g extract), and β-carotene (74.3 ± 0.8 µmol
Trolox®/g extract). (hide) Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Potential of Methanolic
Extract of Neurada procumbens Linn. in Mice.
2023, Dose Response, Khalid AA, Jabeen Q, Javaid F.
abstract(hide)  article
Neurada procumbens Linn. possesses a wide range of phytochemical and bioactive
entities such as flavonoids and polyphenols that decrease the oxidative stress
and enhance synaptic plasticity, resulting in accelerated healing processes.
Almost all parts of the plant have been used in the traditional system of
medicine for various disorders including its use as an anticonvulsant, sexual
tonic, and anti-rheumatic agent. This study is designed to evaluate the
anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of the methanolic crude extract of N.
procumbens (Np.Cr) based on its use in traditional medicine and presence of the
phytochemical constituents. Aqueous methanolic extract of Np.Cr was prepared
under reduced pressure using rotary evaporator, and different chemical
constituents were identified by phytochemical screening. Light/dark exploration,
elevated plus maze (EPM), and hole board tests were used to assess the
anxiolytic activity, while forced swim and tail suspension tests were used to
assess the antidepressant potential of the crude extract. Treatment groups
treated individually with 3 different doses; i.e., 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of
Np.Cr, showed a dose-dependent increase in time spent in light compartment and
in open arms as well as increased number of head poking by the experimental
animals. Np.Cr showed significant antidepressant potential (P N. procumbens
possess significant anxiolytic and antidepressant potential with the demands of
further investigations to identify the active compound(s) responsible for these
pharmacological effects. (hide) Cedrus deodara: In Vivo Investigation of Burn
Wound Healing Properties.
2023, Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, Rastegari A, Manayi A, Akbarzadeh T,
Hojjatifard R, Samadi N, Khanavi M, Niknam S, Saeedi M.
abstract(hide)  article
ObjectiveCedrus deodara (Roxb. Ex Lamb.) G. Don possesses various biological
activities, which have been documented in modern and traditional medicine. In
this study, burn wound healing activity of the methanol extract of C. deodara
wood was evaluated via a burn wound model in Wistar rats.MethodsThe methanol
extract of C. deodara was evaluated for the contents of phenolic compounds,
flavonoids, and tannins. Also, its antioxidant activity was determined using the
DPPH assay. Then, a topical ointment containing the methanol extract of C.
deodara (10%) was used to evaluate the healing effects on a model of
second-degree thermal burn in 4 groups of 7 rats within 21 days. In this
respect, average wound surface area, wound closure, and various histological
features were examined.ResultsOur findings revealed that the wounds treated with
the methanol extract of C. deodara showed higher wound contraction (33.6, 87.1,
and 93.4% on days 7, 14, and 21, respectively) compared with the positive
control (27.6, 80.7, and 88.3% on days 7, 14, and 21, respectively) and the
negative control (20.1, 77.9, and 80.2% on days 7, 14, and 21, respectively).
According to the results from epitheliogenesis score, the number of inflammatory
cells, neovascularization, and collagen density, good burn wound healing
activity of the methanol extract of C. deodarawas demonstrated.ConclusionUsing
the methanol extract of C. deodara in an ointment formulation can be developed
to prevent or reduce burn injury progression. (hide) Development of High
Temperature Water Sorbents Based on Zeolites, Dolomite, Lanthanum Oxide and
Coke.
2023, Materials (Basel), Acha E, Agirre I, Barrio VL.
abstract(hide)  article
Methanation is gaining attention as it produces green methane from CO2 and H2,
through Power-to-Gas technology. This process could be improved by in situ water
sorption. The main difficulty for this process intensification is to find
effective water sorbents at useful reaction temperatures (275-400 °C). The
present work comprises the study of the water sorption capacity of different
materials at 25-400 °C. The sorption capacity of the most studied solid sorbents
(zeolites 3A & 4A) was compared to other materials such as dolomite, La2O3 and
cokes. In trying to improve their stability and sorption capacity at high
temperatures, all these materials were modified with alkaline-earth metals (Ba,
Ca & Mg). Lanthana-Ba and dolomite sorbents were the most promising materials,
reaching water sorption values of 120 and 102 mgH2O/gsorbent, respectively, even
at 300 °C, i.e., values 10-times higher than the achieved ones with zeolites 3A
or 4A under the same operating conditions. At these high temperatures, around
300 °C, the water sorption process was concluded to be closer to chemisorption
than to physisorption. (hide) Anticancer Podophyllotoxin Recovery from Juniper
Leaves at Atmospheric and High Pressure Using Eco-Friendly Solvents.
2023, Plants (Basel), Ivanova D, Nedialkov P, Tashev A, Kokanova-Nedialkova Z,
Olech M, Nowak R, Boyadzhieva S, Angelov G, Yankov D.
abstract(hide)  article
Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is a precursor for the synthesis of drugs against cancer
and other diseases. The present sources of PPT (Sinopodophyllum hexandrum and
Podophyllum peltatum) are endangered species, with PPT production highly
dependent on their growing conditions. In connection with the identification of
new sources of PPT, the present study aimed to recover PPT from Juniperus
virginiana leaves via atmospheric or high pressure extraction methods with a
focus on using eco-friendly solvents. PPT quantification was determined by
UHPLC/HRMS/MS. A thorough study of conventional extraction was carried out to
reveal the optimal conditions (solvent ethyl acetate at room temperature and a
duration of 1 h) for maximizing the PPT recovery (about 30 mg/g of dry extract
and 3 mg/g of dry initial plant material). Peleg's equation was applied for
process kinetics modeling. The best PPT content in the final dry extract (42-45
mg/g of dry extract) was obtained by high pressure methods under supercritical
(scCO2 with ethanol or ethyl acetate, 30 MPa, 50 °C and 100 min) or accelerated
solvent extraction conditions (solvent ethyl acetate, 10.35 MPa, 20 °C and 3
cycles for 15 min). Seasonal stability and storage stability of the raw material
were also determined. The present results have potential applications in the
pharmacy for the delivery of PPT from juniper leaves. (hide) The Brown Alga
Bifurcaria bifurcata Presents an Anthelmintic Activity on All Developmental
Stages of the Parasitic Nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri.
2023, Pathogens, Miclon M, Courtot É, Guégnard F, Lenhof O, Boudesocque-Delaye
L, Matard-Mann M, Nyvall Collén P, Castagnone-Sereno P, Neveu C.
abstract(hide)  article
The current control of gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic nematodes mainly relies
on the widespread use of anthelmintics, which has inevitably led to resistance.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new sources of antiparasitic
compounds. Macroalgae represent a rich source of active molecules and are widely
described as having medicinal properties. In the present study, we investigated
the potential anthelmintic activity of aqueous extracts from three species of
algae (Bifurcaria bifurcata, Grateloupia turuturu and Osmundea pinnatifida) on
the murine parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri. Using a set of
complementary in vitro tests, including larval development assays, egg hatching
tests and nematicidal activity assays on larvae and adults, we report the
nematicidal activity of aqueous extracts of B. bifurcata. In addition, aqueous
extract fractionation using liquid/liquid partitioning with a solvent of
increasing polarity was performed in order to identify the groups of active
molecules underlying the anthelmintic activity. Non-polar extracts (heptane,
ethyl acetate) demonstrated high anthelmintic potential, highlighting the role
of non-polar metabolites such as terpenes. Here, we highlight the strong
anthelmintic potential of the brown alga B. bifurcata on a mouse model of GI
parasites, thus confirming the strong interest in algae as natural alternatives
for the control of parasitic nematodes. (hide) Bursts in biosynthetic gene
cluster transcription are accompanied by surges of natural compound production
in the myxobacterium Sorangium sp.
2023, Microb Biotechnol, Boldt J, Lukoševičiūtė L, Fu C, Steglich M, Bunk B,
Junker V, Gollasch A, Trunkwalter B, Mohr KI, Beckstette M, Wink J, Overmann J,
Müller R, Nübel U.
abstract(hide)  article
A better understanding of the genetic regulation of the biosynthesis of
microbial compounds could accelerate the discovery of new biologically active
molecules and facilitate their production. To this end, we have investigated the
time course of genome-wide transcription in the myxobacterium Sorangium sp. So
ce836 in relation to its production of natural compounds. Time-resolved RNA
sequencing revealed that core biosynthesis genes from 48 biosynthetic gene
clusters (BGCs; 92% of all BGCs encoded in the genome) were actively transcribed
at specific time points in a batch culture. The majority (80%) of polyketide
synthase and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes displayed distinct peaks of
transcription during exponential bacterial growth. Strikingly, these bursts in
BGC transcriptional activity were associated with surges in the net production
rates of known natural compounds, indicating that their biosynthesis was
critically regulated at the transcriptional level. In contrast, BGC read counts
from single time points had limited predictive value about biosynthetic
activity, since transcription levels varied >100-fold among BGCs with detected
natural products. Taken together, our time-course data provide unique insights
into the dynamics of natural compound biosynthesis and its regulation in a
wild-type myxobacterium, challenging the commonly cited notion of preferential
BGC expression under nutrient-limited conditions. The close association observed
between BGC transcription and compound production warrants additional efforts to
develop genetic engineering tools for boosting compound yields from
myxobacterial producer strains. (hide) Gelatin/carboxymethyl cellulose edible
films: modification of physical properties by different hydrocolloids and
application in beef preservation in combination with shallot waste powder.
2023, RSC Adv, Tran TTV, Nguyen NN, Nguyen QD, Nguyen TP, Lien TN.
abstract(hide)  article
In this work, a gelatin/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) base formulation was first
modified by using different hydrocolloids like oxidized starch (1404),
hydroxypropyl starch (1440), locust bean gum, xanthan gum, and guar gum. The
properties of modified films were characterized using SEM, FT-IR, XRD and
TGA-DSC before selecting of best-modified film for further development with
shallot waste powder. SEM images showed that the rough or heterogeneous surface
of the base was changed to more even and smooth depending on the hydrocolloids
used while FTIR results demonstrated that a new NCO functional group
non-existent in the base formulation was found for most of the modified films,
implying that the modification led to the formation of this functional group.
Compared to other hydrocolloids, the addition of guar gum into the gelatin/CMC
base has improved its properties such as better color appearance, higher
stability, and less weight loss during thermal degradation, and had minimal
effect on the structure of resulting films. Subsequently, the incorporation of
spray-dried shallot peel powder into gelatin/CMC/guar gum was conducted to
investigate the applicability of edible films in the preservation of raw beef.
Antibacterial activity assays revealed that the films can inhibit and kill both
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi. It is noteworthy that
the addition of 0.5% shallot powder not only effectively decelerated the
microbial growth but also destroyed E. coli during 11 days of storage
(2.8 log CFU g-1) and the bacterial count was even lower than that of uncoated
raw beef on day 0 (3.3 log CFU g-1). (hide) see more...
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Efficacy of curcumin for amelioration of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis: a
preliminary randomized controlled clinical trial.
2023, BMC Cancer, Ramezani V, Ghadirian S, Shabani M, Boroumand MA, Daneshvar R,
Saghafi F.
abstract(hide)  article
BackgroundOral mucositis (OM) is one of the main problems in almost all patients
undergoing head and neck radiotherapy (RT). Owning to the antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, the effect of both oral and topical
formulations of curcumin was assessed on radiation-induced OM (ROM) in this
study.MethodsThe safety and efficacy of curcumin mouthwash 0.1% (w/v) and
curcumin-nanocapsule were evaluated in ameliorating severity and pain/burning
associated with OM during RT. The current randomized, placebo-controlled trial
was conducted on 37 patients with head and neck cancers. Patients with grades 1
to 3 of ROM were randomized to receive one of the three interventions: curcumin
mouthwash (0.1% w/v); Sinacurcumin soft gel containing 40 mg curcuminoids as
nano-micelles (SinaCurcumin®40); or placebo mouthwash with a similar transparent
appearance to curcumin mouthwash for 1 min three times daily during RT. Study
evaluations were conducted at baseline and weekly thereafter for up to 3 weeks
using the Numeric rating scale (NRS) and world health organization (WHO)
scale.ResultsAmong the 45 patients randomized, 37 (mean (SD) age of 53.36
(15.99) years; 14 [37.8%] women) completed the treatment according to the
protocol. Patients treated with either oral or topical curcumin showed a
significantly reduced severity and burning related to OM during the first 3
weeks after administration (P-Value ConclusionBoth curcumin mouthwash and
nanocapsule were effective, safe, and well-tolerated in the treatment of
radiation-induced OM. Higher doses of curcumin and larger sample sizes can be
used for further investigation in future studies.Trial
registrationhttps://irct.ir/ IRCT20190810044500N17 (13/08/2021). (hide) Novel
Sulfonamide-Triazine Hybrid Derivatives: Docking, Synthesis, and Biological
Evaluation as Anticancer Agents.
2023, ACS Omega, Alelaimat MA, Al-Sha'er MA, Basheer HA.
abstract(hide)  article
The biological benefits of trisubstituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives include
their ability to reduce inflammation and fight cancer. A unique series of
sulfonamide-triazine hybrid molecules were produced chemically by synthesizing
triazine derivatives utilizing the usual nucleophilic aromatic substitution of
cyanuric chloride via the solvent-free/neat fusion method. Fourier-transform
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopic analyses were
used to identify novel trisubstituted synthetic compounds. The synthesized
compounds have a moderate inhibition percentage when tested at 100 μM against
the phosphoinositol 3-kinases (PI3Kα) enzyme; compounds 20 and 34 showed 46 and
68% anti-PI3Kα activity, respectively. To comprehend the anticipated
interactions, the most successful compounds were subsequently docked into a
PI3Kα protein's binding site (PDB code: 6OAC, resolution: 3.15 Å). The final
synthetic compounds' anticancer activity was tested on the breast (MCF-7) and
lung (A549) cancer cell lines at doses of 100 and 50 μM for additional
evaluation of anticancer characteristics. The IC50 values for the
sulfaguanidine-triazine derivatives 27, 28, 29, 31, and 35 ranged from 14.8 to
33.2 μM, showing that compounds containing sulfaguanidine and diethylamine in
their structures significantly inhibited the activity. Compound 34 could be a
promising lead compound for developing new target-selected anticancer compounds
with low toxicity and high selectivity. (hide) Application of solar
photo-electro-Fenton technology to petroleum refinery wastewater degradation:
Optimization of operational parameters.
2023, Heliyon, Khaleel GF, Ismail I, Abbar AH.
abstract(hide)  article
Industrial and agricultural advances have led to global issues such as
contamination of water sources and lack of access to clean water. Wastewater
from petroleum refineries must be subjected to treatment as it poses a
significant environmental threat. The present research aimed to reduce the level
of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of an effluent from Bijee petroleum refinery
plant, Iraq, using solar photo-electro-Fenton (SPEF) process operated in a batch
recycle model. The electrochemical reactor used in the present research was of a
tubular design with an anode composed of porous graphite rod and a concentric
cylindrical cathode made of the same material. The impacts of operating
parameters such as current density (10-50 mA/cm2), Fe2+ concentration
(0.2-0.8 mM), NaCl addition (0-1 g/L), and time (30-90 min) on the COD removal
efficiency were explored based on the response surface methodology (RSM).
Results showed that the impact of Fe2+ concentration was most prominent, with an
effective contribution of 47.7%, followed by current density, with a
contribution of 18.26%, and the addition of NaCl, with a contribution of 11.20%.
COD removal was found to increase with an increase in current density, Fe2+
concentration, NaCl addition, and time, respectively, while energy consumption
was found to increase significantly with an increase in current density and a
decrease in Fe2+ concentration, respectively. The optimum conditions were
observed to be an initial pH of 3, current density of 10 mA/cm2, Fe2+
concentration of 0.8 mM, NaCl addition of 0.747 g/L, and a duration of 87 min,
upon which 93.20% COD removal efficiency was achieved, with an energy
consumption of 15.97 kWh/kg COD. (hide) Hydrogel-Inducing Graphene-Oxide-Derived
Core-Shell Fiber Composite for Antibacterial Wound Dressing.
2023, Int J Mol Sci, Kan Y, Bondareva JV, Statnik ES, Koudan EV, Ippolitov EV,
Podporin MS, Kovaleva PA, Kapaev RR, Gordeeva AM, Cvjetinovic J, Gorin DA,
Evlashin SA, Salimon AI, Senatov FS, Korsunsky AM.
abstract(hide)  article
The study reveals the polymer-crosslinker interactions and functionality of
hydrophilic nanofibers for antibacterial wound coatings. Coaxial electrospinning
leverages a drug encapsulation protocol for a core-shell fiber composite with a
core derived from polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol with amorphous
silica (PVA-PEG-SiO2), and a shell originating from polyvinyl alcohol and
graphene oxide (PVA-GO). Crosslinking with GO and SiO2 initiates the hydrogel
transition for the fiber composite upon contact with moisture, which aims to
optimize the drug release. The effect of hydrogel-inducing additives on the drug
kinetics is evaluated in the case of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX)
encapsulation in the core of core-shell fiber composite
PVA-PEG-SiO2-1x-CHX@PVA-GO. The release rate is assessed with the zero,
first-order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic models, where the inclusion
of crosslinking silica provides a longer degradation and release rate. CHX
medicated core-shell composite provides sustainable antibacterial activity
against Staphylococcus aureus. (hide) Nanofluorapatite Hydrogels in the
Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Study of Physiochemical Properties and
Fluoride Release.
2023, Gels, Wiglusz K, Dobrzynski M, Gutbier M, Wiglusz RJ.
abstract(hide)  article
The aim of this work was to prepare a new hydrogel based on nanohydroxyapatite
(nFAP, 10% w/w) and fluorides (4% w/w), both of which are used as sources of
fluoride ions in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity, and to characterize
its physicochemical properties. The release of fluoride ions from 3 gels (G-F,
G-F-nFAP, and G-nFAP gel) was controlled in Fusayama-Meyer artificial saliva at
pH 4.5, 6.6, and 8.0. The properties of the formulations were determined by an
analysis of viscosity, a shear rate test, a swelling study, and gel aging.
Various methods, i.e., FT-IR spectroscopy, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and
thermogravimetric, electrochemical, and rheological analysis, were used for the
experiment. The profiles of fluoride release indicate that the amount of
fluoride ions released increases with a decrease in the pH value. The low pH
value facilitated water absorption by the hydrogel, which was also confirmed by
the swelling test, and it promoted the exchange of ions with the surrounding
environment. Under conditions similar to physiological conditions (at pH 6.6),
the amounts of fluorides released into artificial saliva were approximately 250
µg/cm2 and 300 µg/cm2 for the G-F-nFAP hydrogel and G-F hydrogel, respectively.
The aging study and properties of the gels showed a loosening of the gel network
structure. The Casson rheological model was used to assess the rheological
properties of the non-Newtonian fluids. Hydrogels consisting of
nanohydroxyapatite and sodium fluoride are promising biomaterials in the
prevention and management of the dentin hypersensitivity. (hide) Features of the
Formation of Sensitive Films Based on Mycelium of Higher Fungi for Surface and
Plate Acoustic Waves Gas Sensors.
2023, Sensors (Basel), Smirnov A, Anisimkin V, Krasnopolskaya L, Guliy O, Sinev
I, Simakov V, Golyshkin A, Almyasheva N, Ageykin N, Kuznetsova I.
abstract(hide)  article
A comparative analysis of the responses of two types of acoustic waves (surface
SAW and plate APW) with close frequencies and the same type of waves (SAW) with
different frequencies toward various liquid vapors (water, acetone, ethanol) was
carried out in this paper. Two types of films based on mycelium of higher fungus
Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst (G. lucidum) prepared by various methods
were used as sensitive coatings. These films were based on G. lucidum mycelium
ethanolic (48% v/v) homogenizate (MEGl) and extract (EGl). A film deposition
procedure compatible with acoustic devices technology was developed. Various
piezoelectric substrates (YX-LiNbO3, 128 YX-LiNbO3) were used for appropriate
acoustic delay lines production. It was found that additional SAW and APW
attenuation associated with the appearance of mycelium films on the surface of
the acoustic waveguide is two times greater for MEGL than for EGL films in the
frequency range of 20-80 MHz The changes in acoustic wave amplitude and phase
due to vapor absorption were measured and compared with each other, taking into
account the differences in geometry of the samples. It was found that the phase
response of the SAW delay lines with EGL films is three times higher than one
with the presence of MEGL films for water and ethanol vapors. The films used are
demonstrated good reproducibility and long-term stability for at least 2 months.
Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that MEGl film is not
appropriate for use in high frequency SAW delay lines as a sensitive coating.
However, both types of the films (MEGl and EGl) could be used as sensitive
coatings for low frequency SAW and APW sensors based on corresponding delay
lines. Additionally, it was found that the films used are not sensitive to
acetone vapor. As a result of the work carried out, a technique for creating
sensitive films based on the mycelium of higher fungi compatible with the planar
technology of acoustoelectronic delay lines was developed. The possibility of
using such films for the development of gas SAW and APW sensors was shown.
(hide) Design of Carbon Nanocomposites Based on Sodium Alginate/Chitosan
Reinforced with Graphene Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes.
2023, Polymers (Basel), Khachatryan G, Khachatryan K, Szczepankowska J, Krzan M,
Krystyjan M.
abstract(hide)  article
The aim of this study was to use a simple, low-cost and environmentally friendly
synthesis method to design nanocomposites. For this purpose, carbon
nanostructures were used to reinforce the chitosan/alginate bond in order to
improve the mechanical, solubility, water absorption and barrier (protection
against UV radiation) properties of the chitosan/alginate structure. Scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),
ultraviolet and visible light absorption spectroscopy (UV-VIS) and color
analysis were utilized, and the thickness and mechanical properties of the
obtained films were determined. The tests that were carried out showed an equal
distribution of nanostructures in the composite material and the absence of
chemical interactions between nanoparticles and polymers. It was also proven
that the enrichment of the polysaccharide composite with graphene oxide and
carbon nanotubes positively affected its absorption, mechanical capabilities and
color. (hide) High throughput determination of the biofilm prevention
concentration for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms using a synthetic cystic
fibrosis sputum medium.
2023, Biofilm, De Bleeckere A, Van den Bossche S, De Sutter PJ, Beirens T,
Crabbé A, Coenye T.
abstract(hide)  article
The presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients
suffering from chronic lung infections contributes to the failure of
antimicrobial therapy. Conventionally, the minimal inhibitory concentration
(MIC) is determined to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of a pathogen,
however this parameter fails to predict success in treating biofilm-associated
infections. In the present study we developed a high throughput method to
determine the antimicrobial concentration required to prevent P. aeruginosa
biofilm formation, using a synthetic cystic fibrosis sputum medium (SCFM2).
Biofilms were grown in SCFM2 for 24 h in the presence of antibiotics
(tobramycin, ciprofloxacin or colistin), whereafter biofilms were disrupted and
a resazurin staining was used to quantify the number of surviving metabolically
active cells. In parallel, the content of all wells was plated to determine the
number of colony forming units (CFU). Biofilm preventing concentrations (BPCs)
were compared to MICs and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) determined
according to EUCAST guidelines. Correlations between the resazurin-derived
fluorescence and CFU counts were assessed with Kendall's Tau Rank tests. A
significant correlation between fluorescence and CFU counts was observed for 9
out of 10 strains investigated, suggesting the fluorometric assay is a reliable
alternative to plating for most P. aeruginosa isolates to determine biofilm
susceptibility in relevant conditions. For all isolates a clear difference
between MICs and BPCs of all three antibiotics was observed, with the BPCs being
consistently higher than the MICs. Additionally, the extent of this difference
appeared to be antibiotic-dependent. Our findings suggest that this high
throughput assay could be a valuable addition to evaluate the antimicrobial
susceptibility in P. aeruginosa biofilms in the context of CF. (hide) Mueller
Matrix Polarimetry on Cyanine Dye J-Aggregates.
2023, Molecules, Clowes SR, Răsădean DM, Gianga TM, Jávorfi T, Hussain R,
Siligardi G, Pantoş GD.
abstract(hide)  article
Cyanine dyes are known to form H- and J-aggregates in aqueous solutions. Here we
show that the cyanine dye, S0271, assembles in water into vortex induced chiral
J-aggregates. The chirality of the J-aggregates depends on the directionality of
the vortex. This study utilised both conventional benchtop CD
spectropolarimeters and Mueller matrix polarimetry. It was found that
J-aggregates have real chirality alongside linear dichroism and linear and
circular birefringence. We identify the factors that are key to the formation of
metastable chiral J-aggregates and propose a mechanism for their assembly.
(hide) Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Microfibers from Colombian
Cocoa Pod Husk via Chemical Treatment with Pressure Effects.
2023, Polymers (Basel), Hozman-Manrique AS, Garcia-Brand AJ, Hernández-Carrión
M, Porras A.
abstract(hide)  article
One of the current challenges is to add value to agro-industrial wastes, and the
cocoa industry generates about 10 tons of cocoa pod husks in Colombia for each
ton of cocoa beans, which are incinerated and cause environmental damage. This
study characterized the Colombian cocoa pod husk (CPH) and to isolate and
characterize cellulose microfibers (tCPH) extracted via chemical treatment and
pressure. Chemical and physical analyses of CPH were performed, and a
pretreatment method for CPH fibers was developed, which is followed by a
hydrolysis method involving high pressure in an autoclave machine with an
alkaline medium (6% NaOH), and finally, bleaching of the fiber to obtain tCPH.
The tCPH cellulose microfibers were also chemically and physically analyzed and
characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Chemical and
physical characterization showed a decrease in lignin content in tCPH. FTIR
analysis showed the absence of some peaks in tCPH with respect to the CPH
spectrum; XRD results showed an increase in crystallinity for tCPH compared to
CPH, due to a higher presence of crystalline cellulose in tCPH. SEM images
included a control fiber treated without high pressure (tCPHnpe), and
agglomerated fibers were observed, whereas cellulose microfibers with a mean
diameter of 10 ± 2.742 μm were observed in tCPH. Finally, with TGA and DTGA it
was confirmed that in tCPH, the hemicellulose and lignin were removed more
successfully than in the control fiber (tCPHnpe), showing that the treatment
with pressure was effective at isolating the cellulose microfibers from cocoa
pod husk. (hide) see more...
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Vaginal Sheets with Thymbra capitata Essential Oil for the Treatment of
Bacterial Vaginosis: Design, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of
Efficacy and Safety.
2023, Gels, Tomás M, Sousa LGV, Oliveira AS, Gomes CP, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A,
Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro L, Cerca N, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira
R.
abstract(hide)  article
We aimed to incorporate Thymbra capitata essential oil (TCEO), a potent
antimicrobial natural product against bacterial vaginosis (BV)-related bacteria,
in a suitable drug delivery system. We used vaginal sheets as dosage form to
promote immediate relief of the typical abundant vaginal discharge with
unpleasant odour. Excipients were selected to promote the healthy vaginal
environment reestablishment and bioadhesion of formulations, while the TCEO acts
directly on BV pathogens. We characterized vaginal sheets with TCEO in regard to
technological characterization, predictable in vivo performance, in vitro
efficacy and safety. Vaginal sheet D.O (acid lactic buffer, gelatine, glycerine,
chitosan coated with TCEO 1% w/w) presented a higher buffer capacity and ability
to absorb vaginal fluid simulant (VFS) among all vaginal sheets with EO, showing
one of the most promising bioadhesive profiles, an excellent flexibility and
structure that allow it to be easily rolled for application. Vaginal sheet D.O
with 0.32 µL/mL TCEO was able to significantly reduce the bacterial load of all
in vitro tested Gardnerella species. Although vaginal sheet D.O presented
toxicity at some concentrations, this product was developed for a short time
period of treatment, so this toxicity can probably be limited or even reversed
when the treatment ends. (hide) Techno-Functional and Rheological Properties of
Alternative Plant-Based Flours.
2023, Foods, Badia-Olmos C, Laguna L, Haros CM, Tárrega A.
abstract(hide)  article
The use of alternative vegetal sources is a proposed strategy to improve the
diversity and quality of plant-based products on the market, currently led by
soy and pea. This study compares the techno-functional properties of seven
vegetable flours (chickpea, lentil, red lentil, white bean, quinoa, amaranth,
and oat) and the rheological properties of their flour pastes and gels. All
techno-functional properties significantly (α = 0.05) varied depending on the
type of flour. Among the flours studied, the highest swelling capacity was for
white bean and the lowest for chickpea and red lentil. Water holding capacity
was high for white bean and oat flours and low for red lentil. Oat and quinoa
flours had the highest oil-holding capacity. Emulsifying and foaming capacities
were high for all pulse flours but poor for amaranth and oat flours. However,
amaranth and oat provided a much higher viscosity during heating than the rest
of the flours. The viscoelastic properties of the flour pastes indicated that
they all had a gel structure with storage modulus (G') values over loss modulus
(G″) values. From the viscoelastic properties, amaranth and quinoa showed a weak
gel structure with low G' and G″ values, and the chickpea, lentil, and red
lentil formed pastes with a high elastic contribution (high G' values). In
agreement, these three pulse flours were the only ones able to form hard,
self-standing gels. These results show the potential of vegetal flours from
alternative sources in the development of new plant-based products. (hide)
Colorectal Cancer Bioengineered Microtissues as a Model to Replicate Tumor-ECM
Crosstalk and Assess Drug Delivery Systems In Vitro.
2023, Int J Mol Sci, La Rocca A, De Gregorio V, Lagreca E, Vecchione R, Netti
PA, Imparato G.
abstract(hide)  article
Current 3D cancer models (in vitro) fail to reproduce complex cancer cell
extracellular matrices (ECMs) and the interrelationships occurring (in vivo) in
the tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we propose 3D in vitro colorectal
cancer microtissues (3D CRC μTs), which reproduce the TME more faithfully in
vitro. Normal human fibroblasts were seeded onto porous biodegradable gelatin
microbeads (GPMs) and were continuously induced to synthesize and assemble their
own ECMs (3D Stroma μTs) in a spinner flask bioreactor. Then, human colon cancer
cells were dynamically seeded onto the 3D Stroma μTs to achieve the 3D CRC μTs.
Morphological characterization of the 3D CRC μTs was performed to assess the
presence of different complex macromolecular components that feature in vivo in
the ECM. The results showed the 3D CRC μTs recapitulated the TME in terms of ECM
remodeling, cell growth, and the activation of normal fibroblasts toward an
activated phenotype. Then, the microtissues were assessed as a drug screening
platform by evaluating the effect of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), curcumin-loaded
nanoemulsions (CT-NE-Curc), and the combination of the two. When taken together,
the results showed that our microtissues are promising in that they can help
clarify complex cancer-ECM interactions and evaluate the efficacy of therapies.
Moreover, they may be combined with tissue-on-chip technologies aimed at
addressing further studies in cancer progression and drug discovery. (hide)
Optimization of Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cements Using Ultrafine Fly Ash
and Fly Ash.
2023, ACS Sustain Chem Eng, Tan Y, Gardner LJ, Walkley B, Hussein OH, Ding H,
Sun S, Yu H, Hyatt NC.
abstract(hide)  article
The effect of ultrafine fly ash (UFA) and fly ash (FA) on the physical
properties, phase assemblage, and microstructure of magnesium potassium
phosphate cement (MKPC) was investigated. This study revealed that the UFA
addition does not affect the calorimetry hydration peak associated with MKPC
formation when normalized to the reactive components (MgO and KH2PO4). However,
there is an indication that greater UFA additions lead to an increased reaction
duration, suggesting the potential formation of secondary reaction products. The
addition of a UFA:FA blend can delay the hydration and the setting time of MKPC,
enhancing workability. MgKPO4·6H2O was the main crystalline phase observed in
all systems; however, at low replacement levels in the UFA-only system
(2KH(PO4)2·15H2O was also observed by XRD, SEM/EDS, TGA, and NMR (31P MAS,
1H-31P CP MAS). Detailed SEM/EDS and MAS NMR investigations (27Al, 29Si, 31P)
demonstrated that the role of UFA and UFA:FA was mainly as a filler and diluent.
Overall, the optimized formulation was determined to contain 40 wt % fly ash (10
wt % UFA and 30 wt % FA (U10F30)), which achieved the highest compressive
strength and fluidity and produced a dense microstructure. (hide) Efficient
Development of Green Emulsifier/Emollient-Based Emulsion Vehicles: From RSM
Optimal Experimental Design to Abridged In Vivo Assessment.
2023, Pharmaceutics, Vukašinović M, Savić S, Cekić N, Ilić T, Pantelić I, Savić
SD.
abstract(hide)  article
Since natural-origin, sustainable ingredients are preferred by modern consumers,
novel emulsifiers and emollients keep entering the market. This study
hypothesizes that a combination of in silico, instrumental tools and simplified
sensory studies could be used to efficiently characterize emulsions in a shorter
timeframe. A total of 22 rather simple o/w emulsions were prepared by a
time/energy-saving emulsification process. A natural mixed emulsifier (Lauryl
Glucoside/Myristyl Glucoside/Polyglyceryl-6 Laurate) and two emollients (both
with INCI name C15-19 Alkane) were used. The performed D-optimal experimental
design within the response surface method (RSM) significantly narrowed down the
number of samples about to enter the stage of texture, friction and sensory
studies to the samples comprising 30% of a respective Emogreen emollient and 2%
or 3% of the emulsifier. The sample comprising 2% emulsifier/30% Emogreen® L15
showed significantly higher firmness (42.12 mN) when compared to the one with 2%
emulsifier/30% Emogreen® L19 (33.62 mN), which was somewhat unexpected
considering the emollients' inherent viscosity values (4.5 mPa·s for L15 and 9
mPa·s for L19). The sample with 2% emulsifier/30% Emogreen® L19 managed to
maintain the lowest friction, while the one with 3% emulsifier/30% Emogreen® L19
released its full lubricating potential in the second part of the measurement
(30-60 s). The obtained results revealed the strengths and weaknesses of each
formulation, narrowing down their possible applications in the early development
stage. (hide) Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Microfibers from
Colombian Cocoa Pod Husk via Chemical Treatment with Pressure Effects.
2023, Polymers (Basel), Hozman-Manrique AS, Garcia-Brand AJ, Hernández-Carrión
M, Porras A.
abstract(hide)  article
One of the current challenges is to add value to agro-industrial wastes, and the
cocoa industry generates about 10 tons of cocoa pod husks in Colombia for each
ton of cocoa beans, which are incinerated and cause environmental damage. This
study characterized the Colombian cocoa pod husk (CPH) and to isolate and
characterize cellulose microfibers (tCPH) extracted via chemical treatment and
pressure. Chemical and physical analyses of CPH were performed, and a
pretreatment method for CPH fibers was developed, which is followed by a
hydrolysis method involving high pressure in an autoclave machine with an
alkaline medium (6% NaOH), and finally, bleaching of the fiber to obtain tCPH.
The tCPH cellulose microfibers were also chemically and physically analyzed and
characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Chemical and
physical characterization showed a decrease in lignin content in tCPH. FTIR
analysis showed the absence of some peaks in tCPH with respect to the CPH
spectrum; XRD results showed an increase in crystallinity for tCPH compared to
CPH, due to a higher presence of crystalline cellulose in tCPH. SEM images
included a control fiber treated without high pressure (tCPHnpe), and
agglomerated fibers were observed, whereas cellulose microfibers with a mean
diameter of 10 ± 2.742 μm were observed in tCPH. Finally, with TGA and DTGA it
was confirmed that in tCPH, the hemicellulose and lignin were removed more
successfully than in the control fiber (tCPHnpe), showing that the treatment
with pressure was effective at isolating the cellulose microfibers from cocoa
pod husk. (hide) Film Forming Systems for Delivery of Active Molecules into and
across the Skin.
2023, Pharmaceutics, Touitou E, Natsheh H, Zailer J.
abstract(hide)  article
We have investigated delivery systems that can form a structured matrix film on
the skin after their application. In a previous work, we have shown that Weblike
film forming systems (also called Pouches Drug Delivery Systems, PDDS) enable
enhanced skin delivery of the incorporated molecules. These delivery systems are
composed of one or more phospholipids, a short-chain alcohol, a polymer and
optionally water. In this work, we continue the investigation and
characterization of Weblike carriers focusing on some factors affecting the
delivery properties such as components concentration and mode of application on
the skin. Upon non-occluded application on the skin, the systems dry rapidly,
forming a web-like structured film. Lidocaine, Ibuprofen, FITC and Cannabidiol
are molecules with various physico-chemical properties that were incorporated in
the carrier. The systems were tested in a number of in vitro and in vivo
experiments. Results of the in vitro permeation of Ibuprofen through porcine
skin indicated two-fold delivery through the skin of Ibuprofen when applied from
our Weblike system in comparison with a nanovesicular carrier, the ethosome. We
also have investigated weblike systems containing hemp seed oil (HSO). This
addition enhanced the film's ability to deliver lipophilic molecules to the
deeper skin layers, leading to an improved pharmacodynamic effect. In analgesic
tests carried out in a pain mice model following one hour application of CBD in
Weblike system with and without HSO, the number of writhing episodes was
decreased from 29 in the untreated animals to 9.5 and 18.5 writhes,
respectively. The results of our work open the way towards a further
investigation of Weblike film forming systems containing drugs for improved
dermal and transdermal treatment of various ailments. (hide) Modified
Technogenic Asphaltenes as Enhancers of the Thermal Conductivity of Paraffin.
2023, Molecules, Gorbacheva SN, Borisova YY, Makarova VV, Antonov SV, Borisov
DN, Yakubov MR.
abstract(hide)  article
The low thermal conductivity of paraffin and other organic phase change
materials limits their use in thermal energy storage devices. The introduction
of components with a high thermal conductivity such as graphene into these
materials leads to an increase in their thermal conductivity. In this work, we
studied the use of inexpensive carbon fillers containing a polycyclic aromatic
core, due to them having a structural similarity with graphene, to increase the
thermal conductivity of paraffin. As such fillers, technogenic asphaltenes
isolated from ethylene tar and their modified derivatives were used. It is shown
that the optimal concentration of carbon fillers in the paraffin composite,
which contributes to the formation of a structural framework and resistance to
sedimentation, is 5 and 30 wt. %, while intermediate concentrations are
ineffective, apparently due to the formation of large aggregates, the
concentration of which is insufficient to form a strong framework. It has been
found that the addition of asphaltenes modified with ammonium persulfate in
acetic acid significantly increases the thermal conductivity of paraffin by up
to 72%. (hide) Emulsion Stabilization Strategies for Tailored Isocyanate
Microcapsules.
2023, Polymers (Basel), Loureiro MV, Mariquito A, Vale M, Bordado JC, Pinho I,
Marques AC.
abstract(hide)  article
We report on the stabilization of an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion to, combined
with interfacial polymerization, produce core-shell polyurea microcapsules (MCs)
containing isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). These will act as crosslinkers for
mono-component adhesives. The emulsion stabilization was evaluated using three
types of stabilizers, a polysaccharide (gum arabic) emulsifier, a silicone
surfactant (Dabco®DC193), a rheology modifier (polyvinyl alcohol), and their
combinations. Emulsion sedimentation studies, optical microscopy observation,
and scanning electron microscopy enabled us to assess the emulsions stability
and droplet size distribution and correlate them to the MCs morphology. Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis revealed the MCs
composition and enabled us to evaluate the encapsulation yield. All stabilizers,
except DC193, led to spherical, loose, and core-shelled MCs. The rheology
modifier, which increases the continuous phase viscosity, reduces the emulsion
droplets sedimentation, keeping their size constant during the MCs' synthesis.
This allowed us to obtain good quality MCs, with a smaller average diameter, of
approximately 40.9 µm mode, a narrower size distribution and 46 wt% of
encapsulated IPDI. We show the importance of the emulsion stability to tune the
MCs morphology, size, and size distribution, which are critical for improved
homogeneity and performance when used, e.g., in natural and synthetic adhesive
formulations industry. (hide) Dataset for the new insights into methane hydrate
inhibition with blends of vinyl lactam polymer and methanol, monoethylene
glycol, or diethylene glycol as hybrid inhibitors.
2023, Data Brief, Semenov AP, Gong Y, Medvedev VI, Stoporev AS, Istomin VA,
Vinokurov VA, Li T.
abstract(hide)  article
Three-phase equilibrium conditions of vapor-aqueous solution-gas hydrate
coexistence for the systems of CH4-H2O-organic thermodynamic inhibitor (THI)
were experimentally determined. Hydrate equilibrium measurements for systems
with methanol (MeOH), monoethylene glycol (MEG), and diethylene glycol (DEG)
were conducted. Five concentrations of each inhibitor (maximum content 50 mass%)
were studied in the pressure range of 4.9-8.4 MPa. The equilibrium temperature
and pressure in the point of complete dissociation of methane hydrate during
constant-rate heating combined with vigorous mixing of fluids (600 rpm) in a
high-pressure vessel were determined. We compared our experimental points with
reliable literature data. The coefficients of empirical equations are derived,
which accurately describe hydrate equilibrium conditions for the studied
systems. The effect of THI concentration and pressure on methane hydrate
equilibrium temperature suppression was analyzed. In the second stage, we
studied the kinetics of methane hydrate nucleation/growth in systems containing
a polymeric KHI (0.5 mass% of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylcaprolactam
copolymer) in water or THI aqueous solution. For this, temperatures, pressures,
and subcoolings of methane hydrate onset were measured by rocking cell tests
(RCS6 rig, ramp cooling at 1 K/h). Gas uptake curves characterizing the methane
hydrate crystallization kinetics in the polythermal regime were obtained. (hide)
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Production and optimization of novel Sphorolipids from Candida parapsilosis
grown on potato peel and frying oil wastes and their adverse effect on Mucorales
fungal strains.
2023, Microb Cell Fact, Al-Kashef AS, Nooman MU, Rashad MM, Hashem AH, Abdelraof
M.
abstract(hide)  article
Brief introductionMucormycosis disease, which has recently expanded with the
Covid 19 pandemic in many countries, endangers patients' lives, and treatment
with common drugs is fraught with unfavorable side effects.Aim and
objectivesThis study deals with the economic production of sophorolipids (SLs)
from different eight fungal isolates strains utilizing potato peels waste (PPW)
and frying oil waste (FOW). Then investigate their effect against mucormycetes
fungi.ResultsThe screening of the isolates for SLs production revealed the
highest yield (39 g/100 g substrate) with most efficiency was related to a yeast
that have been identified genetically as Candida parapsilosis. Moreover, the
characterizations studies of the produced SLs by FTIR, 1H NMR and LC-MS/MS
proved the existence of both acidic and lactonic forms, while their surface
activity was confirmed by the surface tension (ST) assessment. The SLs
production was optimized utilizing Box-Behnken design resulting in the
amelioration of yield by 30% (55.3 g/100 g substrate) and ST by 20.8% (38mN/m)
with constant level of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) at 125 mg/L. The
studies also revealed the high affinity toward soybean oil (E24 = 50%), in
addition to maintaining the emulsions stability against broad range of pH (4-10)
and temperature (10-100℃). Furthermore, the antifungal activity against Mucor
racemosus, Rhizopus microsporus, and Syncephalastrum racemosum proved a high
inhibition efficiency of the produced SLs.ConclusionThe findings demonstrated
the potential application of the SLs produced economically from agricultural
waste as an effective and safer alternative for the treatment of infection
caused by black fungus. (hide) Enzymatic Synthesis of a Novel Coumarin
Aminophosphonates: Antibacterial Effects and Oxidative Stress Modulation on
Selected E. coli Strains.
2023, Int J Mol Sci, Koszelewski D, Kowalczyk P, Brodzka A, Hrunyk A, Kramkowski
K, Ostaszewski R.
abstract(hide)  article
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the synergistic effect of two
important pharmacophores, coumarin and α-amino dimethyl phosphonate moieties, on
antimicrobial activity toward selected LPS-varied E. coli strains. Studied
antimicrobial agents were prepared via a Kabachnik-Fields reaction promoted by
lipases. The products were provided with an excellent yield (up to 92%) under
mild, solvent- and metal-free conditions. A preliminary exploration of coumarin
α-amino dimethyl phosphonate analogs as novel antimicrobial agents was carried
out to determine the basic features of the structure responsible for the
observed biological activity. The structure-activity relationship revealed that
an inhibitory activity of the synthesized compounds is strongly related to the
type of the substituents located in the phenyl ring. The collected data
demonstrated that coumarin-based α-aminophosphonates can be potential
antimicrobial drug candidates, which is particularly crucial due to the
constantly increasing resistance of bacteria to commonly used antibiotics.
(hide) Adsorption Capacity of Silica SBA-15 and Titanosilicate ETS-10 toward
Indium Ions.
2023, Materials (Basel), Zinicovscaia I, Yushin N, Humelnicu D, Grozdov D, Ignat
M, Humelnicu I.
abstract(hide)  article
Indium is an extremely important element for industry that is distributed in the
Earth's crust at very low concentrations. The recovery of indium by silica
SBA-15 and titanosilicate ETS-10 was investigated at different pH levels,
temperatures, times of contact and indium concentrations. A maximum removal of
indium by ETS-10 was achieved at pH 3.0, while by SBA-15 it was within the pH
range of 5.0-6.0. By studying kinetics, the applicability of the Elovich model
for the description of indium adsorption on silica SBA-15 was shown, while its
sorption on titanosilicate ETS-10 fitted well with the pseudo-first-order model.
Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were used to explain the equanimity
of the sorption process. The Langmuir model showed its applicability for the
explanation of the equilibrium data obtained for both sorbents, the maximum
sorption capacity obtained using the model constituted 366 mg/g for
titanosilicate ETS-10 at pH 3.0, temperature 22 °C and contact time 60 min, and
2036 mg/g for silica SBA-15 at pH 6.0, temperature 22 °C and contact time 60
min. Indium recovery was not dependent on the temperature and the sorption
process was spontaneous in nature. The interactions between the indium sulfate
structure and surfaces of adsorbents were investigated theoretically using the
ORCA quantum chemistry program package. The spent SBA-15 and ETS-10 could be
easily regenerated by using 0.01 M HCl and reused with up to 6 cycles of
adsorption/desorption with a decrease in the removal efficiency between 4% and
10% for SBA-15 and 5% and 10% for ETS-10, respectively. (hide) Comparison of
Compartmental and Non-Compartmental Analysis to Detect Biopharmaceutical
Similarity of Intravenous Nanomaterial-Based Rifabutin Formulations.
2023, Pharmaceutics, Osipova N, Budko A, Maksimenko O, Shipulo E, Vanchugova L,
Chen W, Gelperina S, Wacker MG.
abstract(hide)  article
Pharmacometric analysis is often used to quantify the differences and
similarities between formulation prototypes. In the regulatory framework, it
plays a significant role in the evaluation of bioequivalence. While
non-compartmental analysis provides an unbiased data evaluation, mechanistic
compartmental models such as the physiologically-based nanocarrier
biopharmaceutics model promise improved sensitivity and resolution for the
underlying causes of inequivalence. In the present investigation, both
techniques were applied to two nanomaterial-based formulations for intravenous
injection, namely, albumin-stabilized rifabutin nanoparticles and
rifabutin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles. The antibiotic rifabutin holds great
potential for the treatment of severe and acute infections of patients
co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis. The formulations
differ significantly in their formulation and material attributes, resulting in
an altered biodistribution pattern as confirmed in a biodistribution study in
rats. The albumin-stabilized delivery system further undergoes a dose-dependent
change in particle size which leads to a small yet significant change in the in
vivo performance. A second analysis was conducted comparing the dose
fraction-scaled pharmacokinetic profiles of three dose levels of
albumin-stabilized rifabutin nanoparticles. The dose strength affects both the
nanomaterial-related absorption and biodistribution of the carrier as well as
the drug-related distribution and elimination parameters, increasing the
background noise and difficulty of detecting inequivalence. Depending on the
pharmacokinetic parameter (e.g., AUC, Cmax, Clobs), the relative (percentage)
difference from the average observed using non-compartmental modeling ranged
from 85% to 5.2%. A change in the formulation type (PLGA nanoparticles vs.
albumin-stabilized rifabutin nanoparticles) resulted in a similar level of
inequivalence as compared to a change in the dose strength. A mechanistic
compartmental analysis using the physiologically-based nanocarrier
biopharmaceutics model led to an average difference of 152.46% between the two
formulation prototypes. Albumin-stabilized rifabutin nanoparticles tested at
different dose levels led to a 128.30% difference, potentially due to changes in
particle size. A comparison of different dose strengths of PLGA nanoparticles,
on average, led to a 3.87% difference. This study impressively illustrates the
superior sensitivity of mechanistic compartmental analysis when dealing with
nanomedicines. (hide) Encapsulation of Copper Nanoparticles in Electrospun
Nanofibers for Sustainable Removal of Pesticides.
2023, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, Quilez-Molina AI, Barroso-Solares S,
Hurtado-García V, Heredia-Guerrero JA, Rodriguez-Mendez ML, Rodríguez-Pérez MÁ,
Pinto J.
abstract(hide)  article
The excellent catalytic properties of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) for the
degradation of the highly toxic and recalcitrant chlorpyrifos pesticide are
widely known. However, CuNPs generally present low stability caused by their
high sensitivity to oxidation, which leads to a change of the catalytic response
over time. In the current work, the immobilization of CuNPs into a
polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix via electrospinning was demonstrated to be a very
effective method to retard air and solvent oxidation and to ensure constant
catalytic activity in the long term. CuNPs were successfully anchored into PCL
electrospun fibers in the form of Cu2O at different concentrations (from 1.25 wt
% to 5 wt % with respect to the PCL), with no signs of loss by leaching out. The
PCL mats loaded with 2.5 wt % Cu (PCL-2.5Cu) almost halved the initial
concentration of pesticide (40 mg/L) after 96 h. This process was performed in
two unprompted and continuous steps that consisted of adsorption, followed by
degradation. Interestingly, the degradation process was independent of the light
conditions (i.e., not photocatalytic), expanding the application environments
(e.g., groundwaters). Moreover, the PCL-2.5Cu composite presents high
reusability, retaining the high elimination capability for at least five cycles
and eliminating a total of 100 mg/L of chlorpyrifos, without exhibiting any sign
of morphological damages. (hide) Biological Activities of Miracle Berry
Supercritical Extracts as Metabolic Regulators in Chronic Diseases.
2023, Int J Mol Sci, Wagner S, Gómez de Cedrón M, Navarro Del Hierro J,
Martín-Hernández D, Siles MLN, Santoyo S, Jaime L, Martín D, Fornari T, Ramírez
de Molina A.
abstract(hide)  article
Synsepalum dulcificum (Richardella dulcifica) is a berry fruit from West Africa
with the ability to convert the sour taste into a sweet taste, and for this
reason, the fruit is also known as the "miracle berry" (MB). The red and bright
berry is rich in terpenoids. The fruit's pulp and skin contain mainly phenolic
compounds and flavonoids, which correlate with their antioxidant activity.
Different polar extracts have been described to inhibit cell proliferation and
transformation of cancer cell lines in vitro. In addition, MB has been shown to
ameliorate insulin resistance in a preclinical model of diabetes induced by a
chow diet enriched in fructose. Herein, we have compared the biological
activities of three supercritical extracts obtained from the seed-a subproduct
of the fruit-and one supercritical extract obtained from the pulp and the skin
of MB. The four extracts have been characterized in terms of total polyphenols
content. Moreover, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypo-lipidemic, and
inhibition of colorectal cancer cell bioenergetics have been compared. Non-polar
supercritical extracts from the seed are the ones with the highest effects on
the inhibition of bioenergetic of colorectal (CRC) cancer cells. At the
molecular level, the effects on cell bioenergetics seems to be related to the
inhibition of main drivers of the de novo lipogenesis, such as the sterol
regulatory element binding transcription factor (SREBF1) and downstream
molecular targets fatty acid synthase (FASN) and stearoyl coenzyme desaturase 1
(SCD1). As metabolic reprograming is considered as one of the hallmarks of
cancer, natural extracts from plants may provide complementary approaches in the
treatment of cancer. Herein, for the first time, supercritical extracts from MB
have been obtained, where the seed, a by-product of the fruit, seems to be rich
in antitumor bioactive compounds. Based on these results, supercritical extracts
from the seed merit further research to be proposed as co-adjuvants in the
treatment of cancer. (hide) Combined Nanofibrous Face Mask: Co-Formulation of
Lipases and Antibiotic Agent by Electrospinning Technique.
2023, Pharmaceutics, Balogh-Weiser D, Molnár A, Tóth GD, Koplányi G, Szemes J,
Decsi B, Katona G, Salamah M, Ender F, Kovács A, Berkó S, Budai-Szűcs M, Balogh
GT.
abstract(hide)  article
The application of enzyme-based therapies has received significant attention in
modern drug development. Lipases are one of the most versatile enzymes that can
be used as therapeutic agents in basic skin care and medical treatment related
to excessive sebum production, acne, and inflammation. The traditional
formulations available for skin treatment, such as creams, ointments or gels,
are widely applied; however, their use is not always accompanied by good drug
penetration properties, stability, or patient adherence. Nanoformulated drugs
offer the possibility of combining enzymatic and small molecule formulations,
making them a new and exciting alternative in this field. In this study
polymeric nanofibrous matrices made of polyvinylpyrrolidone and polylactic acid
were developed, entrapping lipases from Candida rugosa and Rizomucor miehei and
antibiotic compound nadifloxacin. The effect of the type of polymers and lipases
were investigated, and the nanofiber formation process was optimized to provide
a promising alternative in topical treatment. Our experiments have shown that
entrapment by electrospinning induced two orders of magnitude increase in the
specific enzyme activity of lipases. Permeability investigations indicated that
all lipase-loaded nanofibrous masks were capable of delivering nadifloxacin to
the human epidermis, confirming the viability of electrospinning as a
formulation method for topical skin medications. (hide) Natural β-carotene
prevents acute lung injury induced by cyclophosphamide in mice.
2023, PLoS One, El-Baz FK, Ali SI, Elgohary R, Salama A.
abstract(hide)  article
IL-17 is associated with varied inflammatory and immune-related diseases.
However, the biological function of IL-17 and its expression in acute lung
damage are not entirely known. Thanks to the powerful antioxidant properties of
β-carotene, we presumed that it would show a potent protecting effect against
cyclophosphamide (CP) -induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. We studied the
mechanisms underlying the effect of β-carotene supplementation against
CP-induced ALI in mice. We isolated the β-carotene from Scenedesmus obliquus
microalgae n-hexane extract and identified it by HPLC and 1H-NMR analysis.
Within the experiments, 40 mice were assigned into five groups randomly: Group 1
(Control): Mice received saline. Group 2 (β-carotene control): Mice were
administered β-carotene (40 mg/kg; orally) once daily for 10 sequent days
without CP injection. Group 3 (CP): One i.p injection of 200 (mg/kg) of CP was
given to mice. Group 4 and 5 (CP + β-carotene): Mice were administered
β-carotene (20 and 40 mg/kg; orally) once a day for ten days following the CP
injection. Lung samples were collected for lab analysis, after scarifying the
animals at the experiment end. Administration of β-carotene orally reduced
CP-induced ALI and inflammation. β-carotene significantly decreased wet-to-dry
weight ratios (W/D), down-regulated IL-17, NF-κB, and IKBKB, decreased the
contents of TNF-α, COX-2, and PKC, and increased the contents of SIRT1 and PPARγ
in the lung tissues. β-carotene ameliorated the histopathological changes
induced by CP and reduced the scoring number of inflammatory cell infiltration
and emphysema when compared to CP. Consequently, we conclude natural β-carotene
is a promising anti-inflammatory mediator for different inflammatory-related
complications. (hide) Activated Carbon-Enriched Electrospun-Produced Scaffolds
for Drug Delivery/Release in Biological Systems.
2023, Int J Mol Sci, Nazarkina ZK, Stepanova AO, Chelobanov BP, Kvon RI, Simonov
PA, Karpenko AA, Laktionov PP.
abstract(hide)  article
To vectorize drug delivery from electrospun-produced scaffolds, we introduce a
thin outer drug retention layer produced by electrospinning from activated
carbon nanoparticles (ACNs)-enriched polycaprolacton (PCL) suspension.
Homogeneous or coaxial fibers filled with ACNs were produced by electrospinning
from different PCL-based suspensions. Stable ACN suspensions were selected by
sorting through solvents, stabilizers and auxiliary components. The ACN-enriched
scaffolds produced were characterized for fiber diameter, porosity, pore size
and mechanical properties. The scaffold structure was analyzed by scanning
electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that ACNs
were mainly coated with a polymer layer for both homogeneous and coaxial fibers.
Drug binding and release from the scaffolds were tested using tritium-labeled
sirolimus. We showed that the kinetics of sirolimus binding/release by
ACN-enriched scaffolds was determined by the fiber composition and differed from
that obtained with a free ACN. ACN-enriched scaffolds with coaxial and
homogeneous fibers had a biocompatibility close to scaffold-free AC, as was
shown by the cultivation of human gingival fibroblasts and umbilical vein cells
on scaffolds. The data obtained demonstrated that ACN-enriched scaffolds had
good physico-chemical properties and biocompatibility and, thus, could be used
as a retaining layer for vectored drug delivery. (hide) Those That Remain:
Sorption/Desorption Behaviour and Kinetics of the Neonicotinoids Still in Use.
2023, Int J Mol Sci, Sinčić Modrić G, Petković Didović M, Dubrović I, Žurga P,
Broznić D.
abstract(hide)  article
In January 2023, the derogation loophole was closed on "emergency
authorisations" for the use of three out of five neonicotinoids in all EU
states. In this study, we analysed the sorption/desorption behaviour and kinetic
parameters of acetamiprid and thiacloprid, the two neonicotinoids that are still
approved for use, either regularly or under emergency authorisations in the EU,
and widely used worldwide. Sorption and desorption curves in four soils with
different organic matter content were analysed using four kinetic models,
namely, Lagergren's pseudo first-order model, two-site model (TSM), Weber-Morris
intraparticle diffusion model and Elovich's model. Kinetic parameters were
correlated to soil physico-chemical characteristics. To determine the mutual
influence of soil characteristics and sorption/desorption parameters in the
analysed soils, a factor analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA)
was performed. Even though the two insecticides are very similar in size and
chemical structure, the results showed different sorption/desorption kinetics.
The model that best fits the experimental data was TSM. Thiacloprid showed a
more rapid sorption compared to acetamiprid, and, in all soils, a higher
proportion sorbed at equilibrium. Intra-particle diffusion seemed to be a
relevant process in acetamiprid sorption, but not for thiacloprid. Desorption
results showed that acetamiprid is more easily and more thoroughly desorbed than
thiacloprid, in all soils. The kinetic behaviour differences stem from
variations in molecular structure, causing disparate water solubility,
lipophilicity, and acid-base properties. (hide) see more...
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Investigating Environmental Matrices for Use in Avian Influenza Virus
Surveillance-Surface Water, Sediments, and Avian Fecal Samples.
2023, Microbiol Spectr, Ahrens AK, Selinka HC, Wylezich C, Wonnemann H, Sindt O,
Hellmer HH, Pfaff F, Höper D, Mettenleiter TC, Beer M, Harder TC.
abstract(hide)  article
Surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in wild water bird populations is
important for early warning to protect poultry from incursions of
high-pathogenicity (HP) AIV. Access to individual water birds is difficult and
restricted and limits sampling depth. Here, we focused on environmental samples
such as surface water, sediments, and environmentally deposited fresh avian
feces as matrices for AIV detection. Enrichment of viral particles by
ultrafiltration of 10-L surface water samples using Rexeed-25-A devices was
validated using a bacteriophage ϕ6 internal control system, and AIV detection
was attempted using real-time RT-PCR and virus isolation. While validation runs
suggested an average enrichment of about 60-fold, lower values of 10 to 15 were
observed for field water samples. In total 25/36 (60%) of water samples and
18/36 (50%) of corresponding sediment samples tested AIV positive. Samples were
obtained from shallow water bodies in habitats with large numbers of waterfowl
during an HPAIV epizootic. Although AIV RNA was detected in a substantial
percentage of samples virus isolation failed. Virus loads in samples often were
too low to allow further sub- and pathotyping. Similar results were obtained
with environmentally deposited avian feces. Moreover, the spectrum of viruses
detected by these active surveillance methods did not fully mirror an ongoing
HPAIV epizootic among waterfowl as detected by passive surveillance, which, in
terms of sensitivity, remains unsurpassed. IMPORTANCE Avian influenza viruses
(AIV) have a wide host range in the avian metapopulation and, occasionally,
transmission to humans also occurs. Surface water plays a particularly important
role in the epidemiology of AIV, as the natural virus reservoir is found in
aquatic wild birds. Environmental matrices comprising surface water, sediments,
and avian fecal matter deposited in the environment were examined for their
usefulness in AIV surveillance. Despite virus enrichment efforts, environmental
samples regularly revealed very low virus loads, which hampered further sub- and
pathotyping. Passive surveillance based on oral and cloacal swabs of diseased
and dead wild birds remained unsurpassed with respect to sensitivity. (hide)
Short-Term Stability of Electrochemical Properties of Layer-by-Layer Coated
Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes.
2022, Membranes (Basel), Sarapulova V, Nevakshenova E, Tsygurina K, Ruleva V,
Kirichenko A, Kirichenko K.
abstract(hide)  article
Layer-by-layer adsorption allows the creation of versatile functional coatings
for ion exchange membranes, but the stability of the coating and resulting
properties of modified membranes in their operation is a frequently asked
question. This paper examines the changes in voltammetric curves of
layer-by-layer coated cation exchange membranes and pH-metry of desalination
chamber with a studied membrane and an auxiliary anion exchange membrane after
short-term tests, including over-limiting current modes. The practical operation
of the membranes did not affect the voltammetric curves, but enhanced the
generation of H+ and OH- ions in a system with polyethylenimine modified
membrane in Ca2+ containing solution. It is shown that a distinction between the
voltammetric curves of the membranes modified and the different polyamines
persists during the operation and that, in the case of polyethylenimine, there
is an additional zone of growth of potential drop in voltammetric curves and
stronger generation of H+ and OH- ions as indicated by pH-metry. (hide)
Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfamidic acid: an anolyte with low decomposition rates at
elevated temperatures.
2021, RSC Adv, Rohland P, Schreyer K, Hager MD, Schubert US.
abstract(hide)  article
A new sulfamidic acid anthraquinone derivative was synthesized from
2,6-diaminoanthraquinone with high yields, designed for utilization in redox
flow batteries. The active material was investigated with cyclic voltammetry,
revealing a reversible redox reaction at approximately -0.65 V vs. Ag/AgCl at
pH-values above 12. A stress test in a redox flow battery was applied with hold
times at critical states of charge and at 32 °C as well as at 60 °C.
Furthermore, the stability was investigated at the maximum concentration of the
anolyte. All in all, the material showed the lowest decomposition rates at 60 °C
reported so far for an organic anolyte in a redox flow battery. (hide) Effect of
Oxygen Contamination on Propionate and Caproate Formation in Anaerobic
Fermentation.
2021, Front Bioeng Biotechnol, Baleeiro FCF, Ardila MS, Kleinsteuber S, Sträuber
H.
abstract(hide)  article
Mixed microbial cultures have become a preferred choice of biocatalyst for chain
elongation systems due to their ability to convert complex substrates into
medium-chain carboxylates. However, the complexity of the effects of process
parameters on the microbial metabolic networks is a drawback that makes the task
of optimizing product selectivity challenging. Here, we studied the effects of
small air contaminations on the microbial community dynamics and the product
formation in anaerobic bioreactors fed with lactate, acetate and H2/CO2. Two
stirred tank reactors and two bubble column reactors were operated with H2/CO2
gas recirculation for 139 and 116 days, respectively, at pH 6.0 and 32°C with a
hydraulic retention time of 14 days. One reactor of each type had periods with
air contamination (between 97 ± 28 and 474 ± 33 mL O2 L-1 d-1, lasting from 4 to
32 days), while the control reactors were kept anoxic. During air contamination,
production of n-caproate and CH4 was strongly inhibited, whereas no clear effect
on n-butyrate production was observed. In a period with detectable O2
concentrations that went up to 18%, facultative anaerobes of the genus
Rummeliibacillus became predominant and only n-butyrate was produced. However,
at low air contamination rates and with O2 below the detection level,
Coriobacteriia and Actinobacteria gained a competitive advantage over Clostridia
and Methanobacteria, and propionate production rates increased to
0.8-1.8 mmol L-1 d-1 depending on the reactor (control reactors 0.1-0.8 mmol L-1
d-1). Moreover, i-butyrate production was observed, but only when
Methanobacteria abundances were low and, consequently, H2 availability was high.
After air contamination stopped completely, production of n-caproate and CH4
recovered, with n-caproate production rates of 1.4-1.8 mmol L-1 d-1 (control
0.7-2.1 mmol L-1 d-1). The results underline the importance of keeping strictly
anaerobic conditions in fermenters when consistent n-caproate production is the
goal. Beyond that, micro-aeration should be further tested as a controllable
process parameter to shape the reactor microbiome. When odd-chain carboxylates
are desired, further studies can develop strategies for their targeted
production by applying micro-aerobic conditions. (hide) Characterization of
MK-40 Membrane Modified by Layers of Cation Exchange and Anion Exchange
Polyelectrolytes.
2020, Membranes (Basel), Titorova V, Sabbatovskiy K, Sarapulova V, Kirichenko E,
Sobolev V, Kirichenko K.
abstract(hide)  article
Coating of ion exchange membranes used in electrodialysis with layers of
polyelectrolytes is a proven approach that allows for the increasing of the
limiting current, the suppressing of sedimentation, the controlling of the
intensity of generation of H+ and OH- ions, and also the improving of monovalent
selectivity. However, in the case when two materials with the opposite sign of
the charge of fixed groups come in contact, a bipolar boundary is created that
can cause undesirable changes in the membrane properties. In this work, we used
a MK-40 heterogeneous membrane on the surface of which a layer of
polyethyleneimine was applied by adsorption from a solution as a model of
heterogeneous membranes modified with oppositely charged polyelectrolyte. It was
found that, on one hand, the properties of modified membrane were beneficial for
electrodialysis, its limiting current did not decrease and the membrane even
acquired a barrier to non-selective electrolyte transport. At the same time, the
generation of H+ and OH- ions of low intensity arose, even in underlimiting
current modes. It was also shown that despite the presence of a layer of
polyethyleneimine, the surface charge of the modified membrane remained
negative, which we associate with low protonation of polyethyleneimine at
neutral pH. (hide) An Approach Toward Replacing Vanadium: A Single Organic
Molecule for the Anode and Cathode of an Aqueous Redox-Flow Battery.
2017, ChemistryOpen, Janoschka T, Friebe C, Hager MD, Martin N, Schubert US.
abstract(hide)  article
By combining a viologen unit and a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO)
radical in one single combi-molecule, an artificial bipolar redox-active
material,
1-(4-(((1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)carbonyl)benzyl)-1'-methyl-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium-chloride
(VIOTEMP), was created that can serve as both the anode (-0.49 V) and cathode
(0.67 V vs. Ag/AgCl) in a water-based redox-flow battery. While it mimics the
redox states of flow battery metals like vanadium, the novel aqueous electrolyte
does not require strongly acidic media and is best operated at pH 4. The
electrochemical properties of VIOTEMP were investigated by using cyclic
voltammetry, rotating disc electrode experiments, and spectroelectrochemical
methods. A redox-flow battery was built and the suitability of the material for
both electrodes was demonstrated through a polarity-inversion experiment. Thus,
an organic aqueous electrolyte system being safe in case of cross contamination
is presented. (hide) see more...
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