www.earnest.com - urlscan.io

Summary

This website contacted 3 IPs in 2 countries across 3 domains to perform 7 HTTP transactions. The main IP is 104.18.1.248, located in and belongs to CLOUDFLARENET, US. The main domain is www.earnest.com. The Cisco Umbrella rank of the primary domain is 372377.
TLS certificate: Issued by GTS CA 1P5 on December 28th 2023. Valid for: 3 months.

This is the only time www.earnest.com was scanned on urlscan.io!

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

	IP Address	AS Autonomous System
1 1	54.144.120.198 54.144.120.198	14618 (AMAZON-AES) (AMAZON-AES)
4	104.18.1.248 104.18.1.248	13335 (CLOUDFLAR...) (CLOUDFLARENET)
2	2606:4700::68... 2606:4700::6811:2b8	13335 (CLOUDFLAR...) (CLOUDFLARENET)
7	3

1 54.144.120.198 (Ashburn, United States) 1 redirects

ASN14618 (AMAZON-AES, US)
PTR: ec2-54-144-120-198.compute-1.amazonaws.com

16me9g4z.r.us-east-1.awstrack.me	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

4 104.18.1.248 (None, )

ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US)

www.earnest.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

2 2606:4700::6811:2b8 (United States)

ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US)

challenges.cloudflare.com	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

	Apex Domain Subdomains	Transfer
4	earnest.com www.earnest.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 372377	85 KB
2	cloudflare.com challenges.cloudflare.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 5168	13 KB
1	awstrack.me 1 redirects 16me9g4z.r.us-east-1.awstrack.me — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 431181	144 B
7	3

	Domain	Requested by
4	www.earnest.com	www.earnest.com
2	challenges.cloudflare.com	www.earnest.com challenges.cloudflare.com
1	16me9g4z.r.us-east-1.awstrack.me	1 redirects
7	3

This site contains links to these domains. Also see Links.

Domain
www.cloudflare.com

Subject Issuer	Validity	Valid
www.earnest.com GTS CA 1P5	`2023-12-28` - `2024-03-27`	3 months	crt.sh
challenges.cloudflare.com Cloudflare Inc ECC CA-3	`2023-08-18` - `2024-08-17`	a year	crt.sh

This page contains 2 frames:

Primary Page: https://www.earnest.com/login/
Frame ID: C8811A1011FEA71DA15DFD788C4FAF3D
Requests: 6 HTTP requests in this frame

Frame: https://challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/turnstile/if/ov2/av0/rcv0/0/7be8o/0x4AAAAAAADnPIDROrmt1Wwj/light/normal
Frame ID: 6ADD0B3DC2D33B31AADB6D161B09BCD2
Requests: 1 HTTP requests in this frame

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

Page Title

Just a moment...

Page URL History Show full URLs

https://16me9g4z.r.us-east-1.awstrack.me/L0/https:%2F%2Fwww.earnest.com%2Flogin%2F/1/0100018d37dbdebd-efb9a678-b64b-4... HTTP 302
https://www.earnest.com/login/ Page URL

Page Statistics

7
Requests

86 %
HTTPS

33 %
IPv6

3
Domains

3
Subdomains

3
IPs

2
Countries

97 kB
Transfer

239 kB
Size

2
Cookies

1 Outgoing links

These are links going to different origins than the main page.

URL: https://www.cloudflare.com/?utm_source=challenge&utm_campaign=m
Title: Cloudflare

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

Page URL History

This captures the URL locations of the websites, including HTTP redirects and client-side redirects via JavaScript or Meta fields.

https://16me9g4z.r.us-east-1.awstrack.me/L0/https:%2F%2Fwww.earnest.com%2Flogin%2F/1/0100018d37dbdebd-efb9a678-b64b-4c1a-a915-52380feb52c3-000000/2T1xwVqP_ajj44p5_B-n_7u8Bjs=358 HTTP 302
https://www.earnest.com/login/ Page URL

Redirected requests

There were HTTP redirect chains for the following requests:

7 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions

Method
Protocol Status Resource
Path Size
x-fer Time
Latency Type
MIME-Type IP
Location

GET
H/1.1

403
Forbidden

Primary Request / Show response
www.earnest.com/login/
Redirect Chain

https://16me9g4z.r.us-east-1.awstrack.me/L0/https:%2F%2Fwww.earnest.com%2Flogin%2F/1/0100018d37dbdebd-efb9a678-b64b-4c1a-a915-52380feb52c3-000000/2T1xwVqP_ajj44p5_B-n_7u8Bjs=358
https://www.earnest.com/login/

13 KB
8 KB

162ms
38ms

Document
text/html

104.18.1.248
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://www.earnest.com/login/

Protocol

HTTP/1.1

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

104.18.1.248 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

cad0368e13e86263160e50b7f56f4cfb598a579dadd787730962fabd62615388

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection	0

Request headers

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.6099.224 Safari/537.36
accept-language: en-US,en;q=0.9

Response headers

Accept-CH: Sec-CH-UA-Bitness, Sec-CH-UA-Arch, Sec-CH-UA-Full-Version, Sec-CH-UA-Mobile, Sec-CH-UA-Model, Sec-CH-UA-Platform-Version, Sec-CH-UA-Full-Version-List, Sec-CH-UA-Platform, Sec-CH-UA, UA-Bitness, UA-Arch, UA-Full-Version, UA-Mobile, UA-Model, UA-Platform-Version, UA-Platform, UA
CF-RAY: 84a292d839e27c8d-EWR
Cache-Control: private, max-age=0, no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0
Connection: close
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy: require-corp
Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy: same-origin
Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy: same-origin
Date: Tue, 23 Jan 2024 19:51:49 GMT
Expires: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT
Origin-Agent-Cluster: ?1
Permissions-Policy: accelerometer=(),autoplay=(),browsing-topics=(),camera=(),clipboard-read=(),clipboard-write=(),geolocation=(),gyroscope=(),hid=(),interest-cohort=(),magnetometer=(),microphone=(),payment=(),publickey-credentials-get=(),screen-wake-lock=(),serial=(),sync-xhr=(),usb=()
Referrer-Policy: same-origin
Server: cloudflare
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-Visitor-Country-State: US-NY
X-XSS-Protection: 0
cf-mitigated: challenge

Redirect headers

Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 0
Date: Tue, 23 Jan 2024 19:51:49 GMT
Location: https://www.earnest.com/login/

GET
H/1.1 200
OK v1 Show response
www.earnest.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/ 164 KB
54 KB 50ms
26ms Script
application/javascript 104.18.1.248
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://www.earnest.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=84a292d839e27c8d

Requested by

Host: www.earnest.com
URL: https://www.earnest.com/login/

Protocol

HTTP/1.1

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

104.18.1.248 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

ae32e83b848c6c82840a656c1124d1921410d21b51403023fd109a36e695cbce

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
X-Xss-Protection	0

Request headers

accept-language: en-US,en;q=0.9
Referer: https://www.earnest.com/login/?__cf_chl_rt_tk=pn0qs6VhHHxRCermKHgqL3ur1SHmY5ZFSxvIgK6Zrug-1706039509-0-gaNycGzNDbs
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.6099.224 Safari/537.36

Response headers

X-Visitor-Country-State: US-NY
Date: Tue, 23 Jan 2024 19:51:49 GMT
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
Content-Encoding: gzip
Server: cloudflare
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Content-Type: application/javascript; charset=UTF-8
cache-control: private, max-age=0, no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0
Connection: keep-alive
CF-RAY: 84a292d8fcd0429e-EWR
X-XSS-Protection: 0

GET
H2 200 api.js Show response
challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/g/ea25f566/ 37 KB
13 KB 121ms
37ms Script
application/javascript 2606:4700::6811:2b8
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL: https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/g/ea25f566/api.js?onload=xZNcr9&render=explicit
Requested by: Host: www.earnest.com
URL: https://www.earnest.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=84a292d839e27c8d
Protocol: H2
Security: TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server: 2606:4700::6811:2b8 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),
Reverse DNS
Software: cloudflare /
Resource Hash: 18cbe0edc0b01c71a6c3ffe704550a8bb1cfe7e02839b7dbdc9c44288bf8b59c

Request headers

Referer
Origin: https://www.earnest.com
accept-language: en-US,en;q=0.9
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.6099.224 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date: Tue, 23 Jan 2024 19:51:50 GMT
content-encoding: br
server: cloudflare
vary: Accept-Encoding
content-type: application/javascript; charset=UTF-8
access-control-allow-origin: *
cache-control: max-age=31536000
cf-ray: 84a292d9df86437e-EWR
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400

GET
H/1.1 403
Forbidden favicon.ico
www.earnest.com/ 12 KB
12 KB 21ms
20ms Image
text/html 104.18.1.248
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to Show image

Full URL

https://www.earnest.com/favicon.ico

Requested by

Host: www.earnest.com
URL: https://www.earnest.com/login/

Protocol

HTTP/1.1

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

104.18.1.248 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

790a3b57254bf3706db2dbfa5de2bb637c6a25b29426e56d12acbded855d41ee

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection	0

Request headers

accept-language: en-US,en;q=0.9
Referer: https://www.earnest.com/login/
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.6099.224 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Date: Tue, 23 Jan 2024 19:51:49 GMT
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
Content-Encoding: gzip
Cross-Origin-Embedder-Policy: require-corp
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy: same-origin
Connection: close
X-XSS-Protection: 0
X-Visitor-Country-State: US-NY
Referrer-Policy: same-origin
Accept-CH: Sec-CH-UA-Bitness, Sec-CH-UA-Arch, Sec-CH-UA-Full-Version, Sec-CH-UA-Mobile, Sec-CH-UA-Model, Sec-CH-UA-Platform-Version, Sec-CH-UA-Full-Version-List, Sec-CH-UA-Platform, Sec-CH-UA, UA-Bitness, UA-Arch, UA-Full-Version, UA-Mobile, UA-Model, UA-Platform-Version, UA-Platform, UA
Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy: same-origin
cf-mitigated: challenge
Server: cloudflare
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Origin-Agent-Cluster: ?1
Cache-Control: private, max-age=0, no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0
Permissions-Policy: accelerometer=(),autoplay=(),browsing-topics=(),camera=(),clipboard-read=(),clipboard-write=(),geolocation=(),gyroscope=(),hid=(),interest-cohort=(),magnetometer=(),microphone=(),payment=(),publickey-credentials-get=(),screen-wake-lock=(),serial=(),sync-xhr=(),usb=()
CF-RAY: 84a292d94d35429e-EWR
Expires: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT

GET
BLOB 200
OK 19415381-d056-44ec-936c-e5381bd2962d
https://www.earnest.com/ 13 B
0 Other
text/javascript

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL: blob:https://www.earnest.com/19415381-d056-44ec-936c-e5381bd2962d
Requested by: Host: www.earnest.com
URL: https://www.earnest.com/login/
Protocol: BLOB
Server: -, , ASN (),
Reverse DNS
Software: /
Resource Hash: 8860e7fef89219a219cb11d18bd8e4a322f32072613f86e935e7fe162ab69c04

Request headers

accept-language: en-US,en;q=0.9
Referer: https://www.earnest.com/login/
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.6099.224 Safari/537.36

Response headers

Content-Length: 13
Content-Type: text/javascript

POST
H/1.1 200
OK 2f898759e94d76a Show response
www.earnest.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/flow/ov1/1064538400:1706037064:M6ExdsIN3Tyf6kmSkUmDkvXlPX0BroU5J2DACJC83_c/84a292d839e27c8d/ 13 KB
10 KB 57ms
36ms XHR
text/plain 104.18.1.248
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://www.earnest.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/flow/ov1/1064538400:1706037064:M6ExdsIN3Tyf6kmSkUmDkvXlPX0BroU5J2DACJC83_c/84a292d839e27c8d/2f898759e94d76a

Requested by

Host: www.earnest.com
URL: https://www.earnest.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=84a292d839e27c8d

Protocol

HTTP/1.1

Security

TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM

Server

104.18.1.248 -, , ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

1204cc6c9fa5cf7984b612d8eb2bb632e47ce227cd2ec9b28f144ce277f47ff6

Security Headers

Name	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
X-Xss-Protection	0

Request headers

Referer: https://www.earnest.com/login/
accept-language: en-US,en;q=0.9
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.6099.224 Safari/537.36
CF-Challenge: 2f898759e94d76a
Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

Response headers

X-Visitor-Country-State: US-NY
Date: Tue, 23 Jan 2024 19:51:50 GMT
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
Content-Encoding: gzip
Server: cloudflare
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Connection: keep-alive
CF-RAY: 84a292da2f7c4213-EWR
X-XSS-Protection: 0
cf-chl-gen: CXhxwH9Sw4bZE/bpe8UlgBEEHne3QcZxqgUkG/I/95FxndrRoIsV4qULdIaI6k9c$AgNOcBCF3B7dxzWMsBAo/w==

GET
H3 200 normal
challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/turnstile/if/ov2/av0/rcv0/0/7be8o/0x4AAAAAAADnPIDROrmt1Wwj/light/ Frame 6ADD 0
0 64ms
37ms Document
text/html 2606:4700::6811:2b8
CLOUDFLARENET

General

Check archive.org

Show headers Download Go to

Full URL

https://challenges.cloudflare.com/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/turnstile/if/ov2/av0/rcv0/0/7be8o/0x4AAAAAAADnPIDROrmt1Wwj/light/normal

Requested by

Host: challenges.cloudflare.com
URL: https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/g/ea25f566/api.js?onload=xZNcr9&render=explicit

Protocol

H3

Security

QUIC, , AES_128_GCM

Server

2606:4700::6811:2b8 , United States, ASN13335 (CLOUDFLARENET, US),

Reverse DNS

Software

cloudflare /

Resource Hash

Security Headers

Name	Value
Content-Security-Policy	frame-src https://challenges.cloudflare.com/ blob:; base-uri 'self'

Request headers

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.6099.224 Safari/537.36
accept-language: en-US,en;q=0.9

Response headers

accept-ch: Sec-CH-UA-Bitness, Sec-CH-UA-Arch, Sec-CH-UA-Full-Version, Sec-CH-UA-Mobile, Sec-CH-UA-Model, Sec-CH-UA-Platform-Version, Sec-CH-UA-Full-Version-List, Sec-CH-UA-Platform, Sec-CH-UA, UA-Bitness, UA-Arch, UA-Full-Version, UA-Mobile, UA-Model, UA-Platform-Version, UA-Platform, UA
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400
cache-control: private, max-age=0, no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0
cf-ray: 84a292dbaac7c45e-EWR
content-encoding: br
content-security-policy: frame-src https://challenges.cloudflare.com/ blob:; base-uri 'self'
content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
cross-origin-embedder-policy: require-corp
cross-origin-opener-policy: same-origin
cross-origin-resource-policy: cross-origin
date: Tue, 23 Jan 2024 19:51:50 GMT
document-policy: js-profiling
origin-agent-cluster: ?1
permissions-policy: accelerometer=(),autoplay=(),browsing-topics=(),camera=(),clipboard-read=(),clipboard-write=(),geolocation=(),gyroscope=(),hid=(),interest-cohort=(),magnetometer=(),microphone=(),payment=(),publickey-credentials-get=(),screen-wake-lock=(),serial=(),sync-xhr=(),usb=()
referrer-policy: same-origin
server: cloudflare

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

15 JavaScript Global Variables

These are the non-standard "global" variables defined on the window object. These can be helpful in identifying possible client-side frameworks and code.

2 Cookies

Cookies are little pieces of information stored in the browser of a user. Whenever a user visits the site again, he will also send his cookie values, thus allowing the website to re-identify him even if he changed locations. This is how permanent logins work.

			Domain/Path	Expires	Name / Value
			.earnest.com/	1970-01-20 17:54:01	Name: __cf_bm Value: G0V.o7sHhfDmmWcnskL21ZE3gdQud4hGJe1Fg2wct94-1706039509-1-AY4covqNcnby1BUjCdp8stdmwkxIF98BeExQPy4IhOC+7Mg/CIOyadgSZkVGLeEdVzOknbzQbSWA5vi1qvNo1ZI=
			www.earnest.com/	1970-01-20 17:54:03	Name: cf_chl_3 Value: 2f898759e94d76a

4 Console Messages

A page may trigger messages to the console to be logged. These are often error messages about being unable to load a resource or execute a piece of JavaScript. Sometimes they also provide insight into the technology behind a website.

Source	Level	URL Text
security	warning	Message: Error with Permissions-Policy header: Origin trial controlled feature not enabled: 'browsing-topics'.
security	warning	Message: Error with Permissions-Policy header: Origin trial controlled feature not enabled: 'interest-cohort'.
network	error	URL: https://www.earnest.com/login/ Message: Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 403 (Forbidden)
network	error	URL: https://www.earnest.com/favicon.ico Message: Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 403 (Forbidden)

Security Headers

This page lists any security headers set by the main page. If you want to understand what these mean and how to use them, head on over to this page

Header	Value
Strict-Transport-Security	max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains; preload
X-Frame-Options	SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection	0

Indicators

This is a term in the security industry to describe indicators such as IPs, Domains, Hashes, etc. This does not imply that any of these indicate malicious activity.

16me9g4z.r.us-east-1.awstrack.me
challenges.cloudflare.com
www.earnest.com
104.18.1.248
2606:4700::6811:2b8
54.144.120.198
1204cc6c9fa5cf7984b612d8eb2bb632e47ce227cd2ec9b28f144ce277f47ff6
18cbe0edc0b01c71a6c3ffe704550a8bb1cfe7e02839b7dbdc9c44288bf8b59c
790a3b57254bf3706db2dbfa5de2bb637c6a25b29426e56d12acbded855d41ee
8860e7fef89219a219cb11d18bd8e4a322f32072613f86e935e7fe162ab69c04
ae32e83b848c6c82840a656c1124d1921410d21b51403023fd109a36e695cbce
cad0368e13e86263160e50b7f56f4cfb598a579dadd787730962fabd62615388

www.earnest.com Open in urlscan Pro 104.18.1.248 Public Scan

Summary

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

Screenshot Live screenshot Full Image

Page Title

Page URL History Show full URLs

Page Statistics

7 Requests

86 %HTTPS

33 %IPv6

3 Domains

3 Subdomains

3 IPs

2 Countries

97 kBTransfer

239 kBSize

2 Cookies

1 Outgoing links

Page URL History

Redirected requests

7 HTTP transactions Everything HTML Script AJAX CSS Image Expand all 0 data transactions

Request headers

Response headers

Redirect headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

15 JavaScript Global Variables

2 Cookies

4 Console Messages

Security Headers

Indicators

www.earnest.com Open in urlscan Pro
104.18.1.248 Public Scan

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

7
Requests

86 %
HTTPS

33 %
IPv6

3
Domains

3
Subdomains

3
IPs

2
Countries

97 kB
Transfer

239 kB
Size

2
Cookies

7 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions