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A GUIDE TO COUPLED INDUCTORS


WHAT IS A COUPLED INDUCTOR?

A coupled inductor has two or more windings on a common core. Coupled inductors
function in dc-dc converters by transferring energy from one winding to the
other through the common core. They are available in many sizes, inductance
values, and current ratings and most are magnetically shielded for low
electromagnetic interference (EMI). The windings may have equal (1:1) or unequal
turns ratios (1:N). Due to widespread demand in a variety of circuits, many 1:1
and 1:N standard coupled inductors are readily available off-the-shelf.


WHAT ARE COMMON APPLICATIONS FOR COUPLED INDUCTORS?

Typical circuits using 1:N COUPLED INDUCTORS
Figure 1

Purpose-designed coupled inductors are used in a variety of power conversion
circuits such as flyback, SEPIC, Fly-Buck™, Cuk, ZETA and multi-phase
topologies. These voltage regulation circuits use coupled inductors to
efficiently provide the required output voltages, which may be stepped up or
down from the input. To do this, SEPIC and Zeta circuits use 1:1 coupled
inductors, whereas flyback and other circuits use 1:N inductors. In multi-phase
power converters, coupled inductors provide inherent ripple current cancelling
that is not provided by single inductors.

Typical circuits using 1:1 COUPLED INDUCTORS
Figure 2

You can connect coupled inductor windings in different configurations to serve
different purposes. The windings may be connected to circuits separately for use
as isolation transformers or as common mode chokes. You may also connect them in
series to achieve a higher inductance or for use as a tapped inductor. As the
use of standard coupled inductors has grown, Coilcraft datasheets now provide
application-specific characterizations to help designers select the best-suited
inductor.


WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A COUPLED INDUCTOR AND A TRANSFORMER?

There is often little or no physical difference between what one engineer calls
a coupled inductor and another calls a transformer. Both may have either a 1:1
or 1:N turns ratio and have similar winding-core arrangements, and they may even
"look the same." Actually, the most appropriate name depends on the intended
application.

Coupled inductors and flyback transformers both use cores to store energy
received from a winding and then transfer that energy to the other winding. For
both transformers and coupled inductors, the efficacy of the winding coupling,
expressed as coupling coefficient k, depends on the core material properties as
well as the physical arrangement of the windings and core.

Common to transformers and coupled inductors is the fact that close coupling
between the windings (k > 0.9) results in low leakage inductance and generally
provides the most efficient energy transfer and widest usable frequency
bandwidth. High-performance designs like Coilcraft's LPD and LPD-V families are
able to provide the desired coupling factor while also providing a high measure
of voltage isolation between windings.

Close coupling may not be optimal for all applications. In fact, Coilcraft's
MSC1278 Series of coupled inductors is designed with high leakage inductance for
use in certain SEPIC applications. The loosely coupled windings (K ≈ 0.8)
improve SEPIC efficiency by reducing circulating current and still provide twice
the ripple current reduction of separate inductors.

You can connect coupled inductor windings in different configurations to serve
different purposes. The windings may be connected to circuits separately for use
as isolation transformers or as common mode chokes. You may also connect them in
series to achieve a higher inductance or for use as a tapped inductor. As the
use of standard coupled inductors has grown, Coilcraft datasheets now provide
application-specific characterizations to help designers select the best-suited
inductor.


HOW DO I CHOOSE A COUPLED INDUCTOR?

Application-specific data for off-the-shelf coupled inductors
Figure 3

Selection of a coupled inductor is application-dependent. As shown in Figure 3,
Coilcraft datasheets characterize coupled inductors for multiple circuit uses,
and Coilcraft has developed online tools for selecting coupled inductors.

For a particular inductance and current rating, our Coupled Inductor Finder Tool
provides a list of off-the-shelf coupled inductors that meet those requirements.

This document describes the particular SEPIC calculations for determining the
required coupled inductance parameters.

Once the values are determined for your SEPIC application, enter those values
into the Coupled Inductor Finder tool to find and compare coupled inductors that
meet your requirements.

 


WHAT TYPES OF COUPLED INDUCTORS DOES COILCRAFT MANUFACTURE?

Coilcraft designs and manufactures a variety of surface mount coupled inductors
for many applications including, 1:1 low profile, low DCR, miniature, high
temperature, and high isolation alternatives. Coilcraft also offers various 1:N
coupled inductor alternatives in ratios from 1:1.5 up to 1:100.

 * View all of Coilcraft's surface mount coupled inductors
 * View visual selection guide showing Coilcraft 1:1 coupled inductors and
   typical application schematics
 * See Coilcraft's coupled inductors, such as LPD and MSD styles, that have been
   characterized as common mode chokes for < 1 GHz applications, as shown here.


RELATED APPLICATION NOTES

 * Selecting Coupled Inductors for SEPIC Applications
 * Offline Buck Converter with Tapped Inductor Offers Improved Performance – ON
   Semiconductor
 * Video - Shrink Your Fly-Buck Design with Off-the-Shelf Coupled Inductors –
   Texas Instruments
 * The Benefits of the Coupled Inductor Technology – Maxim Integrated
 * Coupled inductors broaden DC/DC converter usage – Texas Instruments

 


DESIGNER KIT'S

 * C463 – 41 "Essential" values from 10 LPD and MSD 1:1 series
 * C400 – MSD1278 series 1:1 with 29 values from 4.7 µH to 1000 µH


WHAT'S NEXT?

View more: Getting Started Series

 
 

EDUCATIONAL COURSES

 * A Guide to AEC-Q200 Qualified Components
 * A Guide to Coupled Inductors
 * A Guide to Flyback Transformers
 * A Guide to Forward-mode Transformers
 * A Guide to Gate Drive Transformers
 * A Guide to Understanding Common Mode Chokes
 * Magnetics for Power over Ethernet (PoE)
 * Understanding and Selecting Isolation Transformers
 * What is a Conical Inductor?
 * What is an Inductor?
 * What is an LC Filter?
 * Wirewound Ferrite Beads: Outperforming Traditional Chip Ferrite Beads

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