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RDAP

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RDAP AT CENTRALNIC

Last Update: March 18, 2019

INTRODUCTION

The Registration Data Access Protocol, or RDAP, replaces traditional port 43
Whois. It provides a number of enhancements relative to Whois, such as transport
security, internationalisation, a structured data format, differentiated access,
and extensibility.

RDAP builds upon HTTP and the "REST" (REpresentational State Transfer)
architectural style. RDAP servers are web servers, and RDAP clients are web
clients (which includes web browsers). RDAP responses are encoded in JSON
(JavaScript Object Notation) and are machine-readable rather than
human-readable.

RDAP was designed by the weirds working group of the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF), as a result of a request by ICANN for the IETF to develop a
replacement for Whois. It is now maintained by the regext working group which is
also responsible for EPP standards development.

CENTRALNIC'S RDAP SYSTEM

CentralNic's RDAP system has been implemented to comply with the following
specifications:

IETF RFCs:

 * RFC7480: HTTP Usage in the Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP)
 * RFC7481: Security Services for the Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP)
 * RFC7482: Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP) Query Format
 * RFC7483: JSON Responses for the Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP)
 * RFC7484: Finding the Authoritative Registration Data (RDAP) Service
 * RFC8056: Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP) and Registration Data Access
   Protocol (RDAP) Status Mapping

ICANN specifications:

 * gTLD RDAP Implementation Guide (PDF)
 * gTLD RDAP Response Profile (PDF)

CentralNic has also specified several RDAP extensions to support the gTLDs on
its platform:

 * Art Records (.ART)
 * Registration Type (.FEEDBACK)
 * Platform Nameservers (.FEEDBACK)

RDAP INFRASTRUCTURE

The RDAP system runs on the same secure, resilient, high-performance
infrastructure as the Whois system, and therefore enjoys the same reliability
and scalability. It is available over both IPv4 and IPv6.

Like the Whois, the RDAP system uses a separate replica of the primary registry
database and its own caching layer.

RATE LIMITING

The RDAP system uses the same rate-limiting system as the Whois and follows the
same policies. Note that this means that a port-43 whois counts against the RDAP
query rate, and vice versa.

SECURITY CONTROLS

RDAP is only available over HTTPS, and CentralNic's HTTPS configuration is
compliant with all current operational best practices for TLS deployment.

Additionally, a TLSA record has been published for rdap.centralnic.com, allowing
DANE-aware client applications that use DNSSEC-validating resolvers to verify
the certificate used on the RDAP service.



DEPLOYMENT PROCESS

RDAP clients which implement RFC7484 use the Bootstrap Service Registry for
Domain Name Space, operated by IANA, to determine the authoritative RDAP server
for a given domain name.

Prior to the deployment deadline of August 26th, 2019, CentralNic will add RDAP
Base URLs to each of the gTLDs for which it provides registry services. This
will allow compliant RDAP clients to automatically determine the correct RDAP
URL for domains on CentralNic's registry platform.

CentralNic also intends to deploy RDAP for all ccTLDs running on the CentralNic
platform, subject to approval by the appropriate national authorities.

Unfortunately, since the IANA can only accept registrations for top-level
domains, CentralNic's SLD portfolio cannot be added to the registry. However,
the RDAP service is available for these domains, at
https://rdap.centralnic.com/{sld}.



RDAP CLIENTS

As RDAP is a new protocol, client support is limited. However, a number of
clients exist:

 * CentralNic maintains the Net::RDAP library for the Perl programming language.
   This library is a full implementation of the complete RDAP specification. It
   can be installed from CPAN, and more information may be found at:
   
   https://gitlab.centralnic.com/centralnic/perl-net-rdap

 * rdapper is a command-line program which uses Net::RDAP to implement an
   interface similar to traditional whois clients. It can also be downloaded
   from CPAN, but more information may be found here:
   
   https://github.com/gbxyz/rdapper



USE OF RDAP FOR DOMAIN AVAILABILITY CHECKS

RDAP supports use of the HEAD HTTP method to determine the existence of a
domain.

However, the non-existence of a domain does not guarantee the availability of
that domain (since other factors, including syntactic correctness and
administrative policy) may mean that it is not available for registration.

Therefore, CentralNic does not encourage the use of RDAP HEAD queries to
determine if a domain name can be registered: the EPP <check> command should be
used instead.



STATUS OF PORT 43 WHOIS

Once RDAP has been deployed, ICANN no longer requires gTLD registries to provide
a port 43 whois service. However, in order to reduce disruption to users,
CentralNic will carry out a phased sunset plan to give users time to upgrade
their systems to use RDAP.

We will provide more information about our plans to phase out the port 43
service in due course.



COMMENTS AND QUESTIONS

If you have any comments or questions about CentralNic's RDAP system, please
email rdap@centralnic.com.

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