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UNESCO Designates 13 New Global Geoparks in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North
America
Benjamin Fox

UNESCO's Executive Board, in a momentous decision, has officially recognized 13
additional Geoparks that illuminate the immense geological diversity present
across our planet. The global network now proudly boasts 140 UNESCO Global
Geoparks spanning 38 countries. Here's an introduction to these newly designated
sites:


1. FAMENNE-ARDENNE, BELGIUM



The Famenne-Ardenne Geopark, Belgium, showcases three distinctive elements
within its landscape. Famenne, to the north, presents a vast depression with a
schistose bedrock. The Ardennes, to the south, form a substantial plateau
predominantly comprised of sandstone rocks. In between these two, the
Calestienne reveals a limestone foundation, rich in karst features. The karst
formations in this region, featuring vanishing and reappearing rivers,
sinkholes, and remarkable caves, have played a pivotal role in shaping the
ongoing human activities. The limestone-rich water also plays an integral part
in brewing the renowned 'Rochefort Trappist' beer.





2. PERCÉ, CANADA

The Percé Geopark, situated in Canada, is nestled within the vast Appalachian
Mountain range of eastern North America. The geological history of this area, in
relation to mountain formation, magmatic events, and tectonic forces, traces
back to the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods approximately 150 million years ago.
Over the past twenty millennia, during the most recent Ice Age, the Quebec
segment of this mountain range has been sculpted by glacial forces, ultimately
shaping the current landscape. This territory is a haven for diverse flora and
fauna. Key economic activities in Percé revolve around tourism, fishing, and
forestry.





3. GUANGWUSHAN-NUOSHUIHE, CHINA

The Guangwushan-Nuoshuihe Geopark is situated in Bazhong City, Sichuan Province,
China. Positioned at the confluence of the southern Central Orogenic Belt
(Qinling) and Yangtze Block, the area boasts a stunning array of natural
landscapes, including karst and tectonic formations, waterfalls, and ponds. It
holds significant importance for analyzing the geological evolution of
peripheral basins, thanks to its location in the transition zone between the
southern and northern karst landforms. Winding through this breathtaking
landscape is the celebrated Micang Ancient Road, over two millennia old,
connecting Shaanxi and Sichuan Provinces. The route is steeped in the history
and cultures of various dynasties.






4. HUANGGANG DABIESHAN, CHINA

Huanggang Dabieshan Geopark, nestled in Hubei Province, eastern China, provides
valuable insights into the geological evolution of the region, particularly the
collision between the tectonic plates of North China and the Yangtze. The
ancient continental core of the mountain range, which resulted from this
collision, is a combination of garnet-biotite-gneiss and greenstone belt
(Muzidian Group). These rocks were formed under high pressure and temperature,
more than 2.8 billion years ago. The region's remarkable biological diversity
designates it as one of China's Seven Major Gene Pools.





5. BEAUJOLAIS, FRANCE

The Beaujolais Geopark, located in France, is internationally renowned for its
twelve protected vineyard appellations. Yet, the Beaujolais region harbors other
remarkable geological and cultural treasures. The complex geology of Beaujolais,
which took shape over 500 million years, underpins a rich diversity of
landscapes, natural habitats, and local construction materials. The geological
heritage and history of Beaujolais have left a profound impact on the lives and
culture of its inhabitants, a legacy that persists today.





6. CILETUH-PALABUHANRATU, INDONESIA

The Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark, nestled in West Java, Indonesia, draws its
name from the Ciletuh River and Palabuhanratu (Queen harbor), which stems from a
legend about a South Ocean Queen believed to be the guardian of the area. The
Geopark's oldest rocks resulted from subduction processes between the Eurasian
and Indian Ocean tectonic plates. The region is home to three village
communities that continue to uphold their ancestral Kasepuhan traditions,
particularly in agriculture and paddy farming, known as "tatanen."





7. RINJANI LOMBOK, INDONESIA



Lombok Island, with its nearly circular shape and a 70-kilometer peninsula,
stands as one of the Sunda Kecil Islands, situated between Bali and Sumbawa. The
geological profile of Lombok Island is dominated by Quaternary calc-alkaline
volcanoes covering Neogene clastic sedimentary rocks, Oligo-Miocene volcanics,
and Palaeogene-aged intrusive igneous rocks. This volcanic complex's formation
was a consequence of the Indian Ocean tectonic plate's subduction under the
South East Asia tectonic plate's edge. The Sasak population of Lombok is
characterized by its multi-ethnic and multicultural identity, reflected in the
architecture of temples and old mosques.





8. IZU PENINSULA, JAPAN

The Izu Peninsula Geopark, located in the southeast of Honshu Island, Japan, is
a unique confluence of two active volcanic arcs, where ongoing phenomena are
associated with tectonic plate collisions. The area has witnessed an
uninterrupted volcanic history over the past 20 million years. The presence of
geothermal activity has bestowed this region with some of Japan's most renowned
hot springs. Izu Peninsula has also been subjected to various natural disasters,
including volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis, all of which have
shaped local beliefs and led to the construction of over 90 shrines scattered
across the Geopark.





9. MUDEUNGSAN AREA, REPUBLIC OF KOREA

The Mudeungsan Area Geopark is centered around Mudeung Mountain, majestically
overlooking Gwangju City. The mountain has held a prominent place in the
spiritual beliefs of the people of Jeollanam-do, formerly Honam, who consider
mountaintops as celestial altars. The Geopark's geoheritage encompasses diverse
elements, from large polygonal jointed tuff columns marking three phases of
Cretaceous volcanic activity to periglacial-produced landforms, unique
microclimatic environments, dinosaur footprints and trackways, and a variety of
other geological and geomorphological features.





10. CONCA DE TREMP MONTSEC, SPAIN



Conca de Tremp Montsec Geopark, located in the northeast of Spain, in close
proximity to the French and Andorran borders, features east-west oriented
mountain ranges and basins. This alignment corresponds to multiple overthrust
nappes comprising the southern slope of the Central Pyrenees. The geological
record within this region spans 550 million years and offers a rich natural
heritage recognized on an international scale. The area serves as a natural
laboratory for sedimentology, tectonics, external geodynamics, paleontology, ore
deposits, and soil science, encompassing the evolution of life on Earth from the
Permian to the Palaeogene, including vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, and
fossils.





11. NGORONGORO LENGAI, TANZANIA

The Ngorongoro Lengai Geopark in Tanzania is distinguished by its crown jewel,
the Ngorongoro Crater, a haven of incredible biodiversity. Within this vast
natural amphitheater, one can encounter majestic creatures like elephants, black
rhinos, lions, graceful gazelles, and numerous other large mammals coexisting
harmoniously with humanity. At the northern tip of the Ngorongoro Volcanic
Highland lies the Oldoinyo Lengai, known as the 'Mountain of God' or 'Holy
Mountain' in the Maasai language. This stratovolcano, standing at 2,962 meters,
holds the title of the youngest and most active in the region. It erupts
natrocarbonatite lava, a composition exceptionally low in silicon, making it
truly unique. Furthermore, the Olduvai Gorge, arguably the world's most
important paleoanthropological site, unveils volcanic beds formed during the
Pliocene Epoch. These beds provide an unparalleled record of ancient
environments, featuring hominid fossils and an array of Middle and Late Stone
Age artifacts, along with an extensive assortment of fossilized fauna.






12. SATUN, THAILAND



Nestled in the serene embrace of natural beauty, Satun Geopark, Thailand, is
celebrated as a sanctuary for diverse cultures and communities. Here, Buddhists,
Muslims, Christians, and smaller groups such as the Semung or Maniq and Urak
Lawoi (or Chao le in the Thai language) coexist harmoniously in this tranquil
environment. This region is renowned for its wealth of Palaeozoic fossils,
characterized by their abundance, rich diversity, and the remarkable succession
of fossils, including trilobites, brachiopods, stromatolites, conodonts,
graptolites, tentaculites, and nautiloids. The primary economic activities of
its inhabitants revolve around agriculture, fisheries, tourism, and local
businesses.







13. CAO BANG, VIETNAM

In the northeastern mountainous terrain of Vietnam lies the Cao Bang Geopark, a
geological tapestry divided into two distinct regions by the Cao Bang-Tien Yen
deep-seated active fault. The eastern segment features Palaeozoic limestones,
while the western portion showcases sedimentary rocks, pillow basalts,
ultra-mafic formations, granitic intrusions teeming with minerals, and the
traces of hydrothermal alterations. Home to a diverse population representing
nine distinct ethnic groups, each preserving rich cultural traditions and unique
identities, this geopark stands as a testament to both natural wonder and human
heritage.




UNESCO Global Geoparks serve as territories championing geodiversity through
community-driven initiatives aimed at fostering regional sustainable
development, especially through sustainable tourism. These geoparks also play a
pivotal role in raising awareness about climate change and natural disasters
while assisting local communities in crafting strategies for disaster
mitigation. The UNESCO designation empowers designated sites and their
communities to elevate the worth of their geological and human heritage,
fostering heightened awareness activities and promoting the exchange of
experiences and best practices within the Global Geopark Network.



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