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global.oup.com Open in urlscan Pro
54.73.129.52  Public Scan

Go To Rescan Add Verdict Report
Submitted URL: https://academic-marketing.oup.com/c/1aNw1ne1bod56irQpGQD9qS9v2i
Effective URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:86...
Submission: On June 04 via api from BE — Scanned from DE
 Behaviour Indicators
Similar DOM Content API
Verdicts

Summary

This website contacted 9 IPs in 4 countries across 8 domains to perform 51 HTTP transactions. The main IP is 54.73.129.52, located in Dublin, Ireland and belongs to AMAZON-02, US. The main domain is global.oup.com. The Cisco Umbrella rank of the primary domain is 189760.
TLS certificate: Issued by Amazon RSA 2048 M03 on October 23rd 2023. Valid for: a year.
This is the only time global.oup.com was scanned on urlscan.io!

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

1    18.173.187.30 (United States)

ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US)
PTR: server-18-173-187-30.muc50.r.cloudfront.net
academic-marketing.oup.com
1    18.66.192.51 (United States)

ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US)
PTR: server-18-66-192-51.muc50.r.cloudfront.net
oup.msgfocus.com
37    54.73.129.52 (Dublin, Ireland)

ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US)
PTR: ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
global.oup.com
3    18.66.192.81 (United States)

ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US)
PTR: server-18-66-192-81.muc50.r.cloudfront.net
e7e0f4e4fada.5e2c0a1e.eu-west-1.token.awswaf.com
2    2a00:1450:4001:812::200a (Frankfurt am Main, Germany)

ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US)
fonts.googleapis.com
2    2a00:1450:4001:82f::2008 (Frankfurt am Main, Germany)

ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US)
www.googletagmanager.com
2    2a00:1450:4001:828::2003 (Frankfurt am Main, Germany)

ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US)
fonts.gstatic.com
2    2001:4860:4802:34::178 (United States)

ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US)
www.google-analytics.com
2    2001:4860:4802:32::36 (United States)

ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US)
region1.google-analytics.com
1    2a00:1450:400c:c0d::9a (Brussels, Belgium)

ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US)
stats.g.doubleclick.net
1    142.250.186.72 (United States)

ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US)
PTR: fra24s05-in-f8.1e100.net
www.googletagmanager.com
Apex Domain
Subdomains		 Transfer
38 oup.com
academic-marketing.oup.com
global.oup.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 189760
535 KB
4 google-analytics.com
www.google-analytics.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 94
region1.google-analytics.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 1867
21 KB
3 googletagmanager.com
www.googletagmanager.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 102
264 KB
3 awswaf.com
e7e0f4e4fada.5e2c0a1e.eu-west-1.token.awswaf.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 338155
287 KB
2 gstatic.com
fonts.gstatic.com
43 KB
2 googleapis.com
fonts.googleapis.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 101
2 KB
1 doubleclick.net
stats.g.doubleclick.net — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 195
345 B
1 msgfocus.com
oup.msgfocus.com
518 B
51 8
Domain Requested by
37 global.oup.com 1 redirects global.oup.com
3 www.googletagmanager.com global.oup.com
www.googletagmanager.com
www.google-analytics.com
3 e7e0f4e4fada.5e2c0a1e.eu-west-1.token.awswaf.com global.oup.com
e7e0f4e4fada.5e2c0a1e.eu-west-1.token.awswaf.com
2 region1.google-analytics.com www.googletagmanager.com
2 www.google-analytics.com www.googletagmanager.com
www.google-analytics.com
2 fonts.gstatic.com fonts.googleapis.com
2 fonts.googleapis.com global.oup.com
1 stats.g.doubleclick.net www.google-analytics.com
1 oup.msgfocus.com 1 redirects
1 academic-marketing.oup.com 1 redirects
51 10
Subject Issuer Validity Valid
*.oup.com
Amazon RSA 2048 M03		 2023-10-23 -
2024-11-21		 a year crt.sh
*.5e2c0a1e.eu-west-1.token.awswaf.com
Amazon RSA 2048 M02		 2023-09-07 -
2024-10-05		 a year crt.sh
upload.video.google.com
WR2		 2024-05-13 -
2024-08-05		 3 months crt.sh
*.google-analytics.com
WR2		 2024-05-13 -
2024-08-05		 3 months crt.sh
*.gstatic.com
WR2		 2024-05-13 -
2024-08-05		 3 months crt.sh
*.g.doubleclick.net
GTS CA 1C3		 2024-05-13 -
2024-08-05		 3 months crt.sh

This page contains 1 frames:

Primary Page: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Frame ID: 2DCE41815CD7AEBC4845E76595907BCC
Requests: 51 HTTP requests in this frame

Screenshot
Live screenshot
Full Image

Page Title

Oxford University Press - Privacy Policy

Page URL History Show full URLs

  1. https://academic-marketing.oup.com/c/1aNw1ne1bod56irQpGQD9qS9v2i HTTP 302
    https://oup.msgfocus.com/c/1aNw1ne1bod56irQpGQD9qS9v2i HTTP 302
    https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campai... Page URL
  2. https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campai... HTTP 302
    https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campai... Page URL

Detected technologies

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • google-analytics\.com/(?:ga|urchin|analytics)\.js
Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • <link[^>]* href=[^>]+fonts\.(?:googleapis|google)\.com
Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • googletagmanager\.com/ns\.html[^>]+></iframe>
  • <!-- (?:End )?Google Tag Manager -->
  • googletagmanager\.com/gtm\.js
  • googletagmanager\.com/gtag/js
Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • jquery[.-]([\d.]*\d)[^/]*\.js
  • jquery.*\.js(?:\?ver(?:sion)?=([\d.]+))?
Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • jquery-ui.*\.js

Page Statistics

51
Requests

100 %
HTTPS

55 %
IPv6

8
Domains

10
Subdomains

9
IPs

4
Countries

1151 kB
Transfer

2439 kB
Size

10
Cookies

Page URL History

This captures the URL locations of the websites, including HTTP redirects and client-side redirects via JavaScript or Meta fields.

  1. https://academic-marketing.oup.com/c/1aNw1ne1bod56irQpGQD9qS9v2i HTTP 302
    https://oup.msgfocus.com/c/1aNw1ne1bod56irQpGQD9qS9v2i HTTP 302
    https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign%3A8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra Page URL
  2. https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign%3A8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra HTTP 302
    https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb Page URL

Redirected requests

There were HTTP redirect chains for the following requests:

Request Chain 0
  • https://academic-marketing.oup.com/c/1aNw1ne1bod56irQpGQD9qS9v2i HTTP 302
  • https://oup.msgfocus.com/c/1aNw1ne1bod56irQpGQD9qS9v2i HTTP 302
  • https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign%3A8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra

51 HTTP transactions

Resource
Path		 Size
x-fer		 Type
MIME-Type
privacy
global.oup.com/
Redirect Chain
  • https://academic-marketing.oup.com/c/1aNw1ne1bod56irQpGQD9qS9v2i
  • https://oup.msgfocus.com/c/1aNw1ne1bod56irQpGQD9qS9v2i
  • https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign%3A8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra
2 KB
2 KB 		Document
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign%3A8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
awselb/2.0 /
Resource Hash
91d1e9771661300a130e5a674a7ac337f044969b25cd50ce00edf4288302e3ca

Request headers

Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests
1
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

access-control-allow-methods
OPTIONS,GET,POST
access-control-allow-origin
*
access-control-max-age
86400
cache-control
no-store, max-age=0
content-length
2017
content-type
text/html; charset=UTF-8
date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:52 GMT
server
awselb/2.0
x-amzn-waf-action
challenge

Redirect headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:51 GMT
location
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign%3A8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra
p3p
policyref="http://www.adestra.com/w3c/p3p.xml",CP="NON DSP COR CURo ADMo DEVo TAIo IVAo IVDo OUR DELo IND UNI NAV"
server
CloudFront
via
1.1 77aa8087323921dee0b130bc0589bda8.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
x-amz-cf-id
8aN38BoLm0ocDSxrI3zi_mf64xgMaLWE8OC1d7b6kbY672OYOVlT2g==
x-amz-cf-pop
MUC50-P1
x-cache
Miss from cloudfront
challenge.js
e7e0f4e4fada.5e2c0a1e.eu-west-1.token.awswaf.com/e7e0f4e4fada/cbf29e8c31a7/45a09dd66ac4/ 		1 MB
285 KB 		Script
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://e7e0f4e4fada.5e2c0a1e.eu-west-1.token.awswaf.com/e7e0f4e4fada/cbf29e8c31a7/45a09dd66ac4/challenge.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign%3A8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
18.66.192.81 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-18-66-192-81.muc50.r.cloudfront.net
Software
/
Resource Hash
cc75e60d1075d49c7ac5bec47f27d9f4335ac582ab28f5fccab457823f07a427

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:52 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
via
1.1 dcfe318aa268be733627ea7884246be4.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
last-modified
Tue, 4 Jun 2024 10:14:52 +0000
x-amz-cf-pop
MUC50-P1
vary
Accept-Encoding
x-cache
Miss from cloudfront
x-amzn-waf-challenge-id
Root=1-665ee91c-1ae460ab00af20005d697417
content-type
text/javascript
cache-control
private, max-age=86400, stale-while-revalidate=604800
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
x-amz-cf-id
fAHIXbLZJJVfDJ7x7wloqtdsyExRFaKBltv_Br5QIZsHxSXODSzbPQ==
expires
0
favicon.ico
global.oup.com/ 		0
212 B 		Other
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/favicon.ico
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
awselb/2.0 /
Resource Hash
e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign%3A8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:52 GMT
server
awselb/2.0
x-amzn-waf-action
challenge
access-control-max-age
86400
access-control-allow-methods
OPTIONS,GET,POST
content-type
text/html; charset=UTF-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
no-store, max-age=0
content-length
0
verify
e7e0f4e4fada.5e2c0a1e.eu-west-1.token.awswaf.com/e7e0f4e4fada/cbf29e8c31a7/45a09dd66ac4/ 		300 B
647 B 		Fetch
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://e7e0f4e4fada.5e2c0a1e.eu-west-1.token.awswaf.com/e7e0f4e4fada/cbf29e8c31a7/45a09dd66ac4/verify
Requested by
Host: e7e0f4e4fada.5e2c0a1e.eu-west-1.token.awswaf.com
URL: https://e7e0f4e4fada.5e2c0a1e.eu-west-1.token.awswaf.com/e7e0f4e4fada/cbf29e8c31a7/45a09dd66ac4/challenge.js
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
18.66.192.81 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-18-66-192-81.muc50.r.cloudfront.net
Software
/
Resource Hash
c8320b3bca74ffd89977a5b0adf0987f4003071d8089a4e1c2f9c0f9f42d18bd

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Content-Type
text/plain;charset=UTF-8

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:52 GMT
via
1.1 f8d34d99bd5a267bad6857ae101ea8e2.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
x-amz-cf-pop
MUC50-P1
access-control-max-age
86400
access-control-allow-methods
OPTIONS,GET,POST
content-type
application/json
access-control-allow-origin
*
x-cache
Miss from cloudfront
x-amzn-waf-challenge-id
Root=1-665ee91c-64859d4523282d4e2acfd5d5
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length
300
x-amz-cf-id
ac_YW3Cf5Of8HX9bFNBChmjZxjG3w5-AGYUMHFejijWQ2EmkGptlOA==
expires
0
telemetry
e7e0f4e4fada.5e2c0a1e.eu-west-1.token.awswaf.com/e7e0f4e4fada/cbf29e8c31a7/45a09dd66ac4/ 		864 B
1 KB 		Fetch
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://e7e0f4e4fada.5e2c0a1e.eu-west-1.token.awswaf.com/e7e0f4e4fada/cbf29e8c31a7/45a09dd66ac4/telemetry
Requested by
Host: e7e0f4e4fada.5e2c0a1e.eu-west-1.token.awswaf.com
URL: https://e7e0f4e4fada.5e2c0a1e.eu-west-1.token.awswaf.com/e7e0f4e4fada/cbf29e8c31a7/45a09dd66ac4/challenge.js
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
18.66.192.81 , United States, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
server-18-66-192-81.muc50.r.cloudfront.net
Software
/
Resource Hash
0fcfc0d944f8b27a63149360cc46d1e87569e7158a1ead5ed276c1f5c00a4bac

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Content-Type
text/plain;charset=UTF-8

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
via
1.1 f8d34d99bd5a267bad6857ae101ea8e2.cloudfront.net (CloudFront)
x-amz-cf-pop
MUC50-P1
access-control-max-age
86400
access-control-allow-methods
OPTIONS,GET,POST
content-type
application/json
access-control-allow-origin
*
x-cache
Miss from cloudfront
x-amzn-waf-challenge-id
Root=1-665ee91d-537698731d1158af4608af16
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=86400
content-length
864
x-amz-cf-id
t1DeCHKFvfcSihFPMd9svm-jRQ3JugcgwTpFPorfRXKS56iTo_srKg==
expires
0
Primary Request privacy
global.oup.com/
Redirect Chain
  • https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign%3A8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra
  • https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
69 KB
69 KB 		Document
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign%3A8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
44627a23cc0695b9fb6e40be5ea302dfb4dfc3a4ff6728109e4ec9d4d79d1c7a
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign%3A8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests
1
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

cache-control
max-age=0, must-revalidate, s-maxage=0, proxy-revalidate, private
content-language
en-GB
content-type
text/html;charset=utf-8
date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
expires
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
last-modified
Mon, 08 Jan 2024 12:07:14 GMT
server
Apache
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
vary
User-Agent

Redirect headers

content-length
0
content-type
text/html;charset=utf-8
date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
location
//global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer Services&utm_content=Privacy Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
server
Apache
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
vary
User-Agent
jquery-1.9.1.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/ 		90 KB
91 KB 		Script
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
c12f6098e641aaca96c60215800f18f5671039aecf812217fab3c0d152f6adb4
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:14:47 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=68393, max-age=68393
content-length
92629
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 05:14:47 GMT
owl.carousel.min.css
global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/ 		1 KB
2 KB 		Stylesheet
General
Check archive.org
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https://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.css
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Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
6e27e418d9c2ccc70d4603bfd8d3f25548865a5151cc497f309b9028a41c603d
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 28 Feb 2019 09:14:44 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.2"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=82790, max-age=82790
content-length
1256
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 09:14:44 GMT
owl.theme.min.css
global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/ 		1 KB
2 KB 		Stylesheet
General
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https://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.theme.min.css
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Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
92fa46e8e3ec428728ccca64858f8c24a72c895f55e7d87349a3a1b63f7aba30
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:23:57 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=68943, max-age=68943
content-length
1120
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 05:23:57 GMT
owl.transitions.min.css
global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/ 		3 KB
4 KB 		Stylesheet
General
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https://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.transitions.min.css
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Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
0c3990ffdb5955c493bb60b31eb066578445a858485e78d0f6e490f6ecf54009
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:23:59 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=68945, max-age=68945
content-length
3512
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 05:23:59 GMT
remodal.min.css
global.oup.com/system/css/ 		3 KB
3 KB 		Stylesheet
General
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https://global.oup.com/system/css/remodal.min.css
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Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
84dda9c30301ce433e5337d41072a84f0aea562a2bfe0ad5f952fe51f999bed5
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:31:33 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=69399, max-age=69399
content-length
2968
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 05:31:33 GMT
styles.min.css
global.oup.com/system/css/ 		27 KB
27 KB 		Stylesheet
General
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https://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
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Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
bc1db8d4da964e89c071286db53cb9bd404fbcab69efdf5291227109b51f2db1
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 02 Sep 2021 06:16:52 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.8"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=72118, max-age=72118
content-length
27213
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 06:16:52 GMT
flags_sprite.min.css
global.oup.com/system/css/ 		23 KB
23 KB 		Stylesheet
General
Check archive.org
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https://global.oup.com/system/css/flags_sprite.min.css
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Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
be69365d9137a56a6c54816c56abdda7bd41aa3324001b885868d9b0858e3d4c
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:31:25 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=69391, max-age=69391
content-length
23044
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 05:31:25 GMT
css2
fonts.googleapis.com/ 		837 B
477 B 		Stylesheet
General
Check archive.org
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https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Serif+Display&display=swap
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Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2a00:1450:4001:812::200a Frankfurt am Main, Germany, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
ESF /
Resource Hash
757cb2db1ce9bdfab4a1bfeeff628b3766ee931ea69be6ef9e269e0daa700873
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000
date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
x-xss-protection
0
last-modified
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:11:49 GMT
server
ESF
cross-origin-opener-policy
same-origin-allow-popups
x-frame-options
SAMEORIGIN
content-type
text/css; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
private, max-age=86400, stale-while-revalidate=604800
timing-allow-origin
*
link
<https://fonts.gstatic.com>; rel=preconnect; crossorigin
expires
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
css2
fonts.googleapis.com/ 		6 KB
2 KB 		Stylesheet
General
Check archive.org
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Full URL
https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Open+Sans&display=swap
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Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2a00:1450:4001:812::200a Frankfurt am Main, Germany, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
ESF /
Resource Hash
12eebba255ce6f856459cab6b183b507be0417a322f46faf7dd71b3c4b0eec27
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000
date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
x-xss-protection
0
last-modified
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:06:12 GMT
server
ESF
cross-origin-opener-policy
same-origin-allow-popups
x-frame-options
SAMEORIGIN
content-type
text/css; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
private, max-age=86400, stale-while-revalidate=604800
timing-allow-origin
*
link
<https://fonts.gstatic.com>; rel=preconnect; crossorigin
expires
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
style.cookiepolicy.min.css
global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/ 		918 B
1 KB 		Stylesheet
General
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https://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/style.cookiepolicy.min.css
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Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
090d5919ea94c308bf2c2e82e898cd08f10052abf143241f8fda34dbdd3cca43
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:21:33 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=68799, max-age=68799
content-length
918
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 05:21:33 GMT
jquery-ui-autocomplete.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/ 		20 KB
21 KB 		Script
General
Check archive.org
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Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-ui-autocomplete.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
7286123f25624b78ad837bbe47030c5fff6076574d7117afa270147b9203b73e
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:15:18 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=68424, max-age=68424
content-length
20833
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 05:15:18 GMT
jquery.select-to-autocomplete.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/ 		4 KB
5 KB 		Script
General
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https://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.select-to-autocomplete.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
ffe8ce92e8ba287fd8f3fb2676e616692d6aaa35b53c203542b25bed2a491da4
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:14:17 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=68363, max-age=68363
content-length
4587
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 05:14:17 GMT
cookie.min.js
global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/ 		2 KB
2 KB 		Script
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/cookie.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
2a5b6a248ca987f788e4724e39760b169353597c95009c383208c5aeab16ef21
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:22:19 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=68846, max-age=68846
content-length
1568
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 05:22:19 GMT
script.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/ 		5 KB
6 KB 		Script
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/js/script.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
833209d392c98911ceedd6bd22589b39fcb1960ffa1502ed90b8ab3a036583e3
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Tue, 25 Feb 2020 07:38:52 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.3"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=77038, max-age=77038
content-length
5087
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 07:38:52 GMT
remodal.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/ 		11 KB
12 KB 		Script
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/js/remodal.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
3d4e79053d65b7d0883ceb39172b6f414ca5d7256e19b19d6057e9c80762940b
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:17:36 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=68562, max-age=68562
content-length
11612
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 05:17:36 GMT
owl.carousel.min.js
global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/ 		52 KB
52 KB 		Script
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
fd324d7cb0c93d1870d10a13af4e38db93aa92fdb25585051cc244f753b9ae66
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:26:09 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=69075, max-age=69075
content-length
52795
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 05:26:09 GMT
oup-logo-blue.svg
global.oup.com/system/images/ 		8 KB
8 KB 		Image
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to Show image
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/oup-logo-blue.svg
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
d462b15ab4567fde4505b4b0e1f75c6ccfbdb1e6a5432b69e5ebcb0842e37af7
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 02 Sep 2021 06:11:55 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.5"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
image/svg+xml
cache-control
s-maxage=7021, max-age=7021
content-length
8045
expires
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 12:11:55 GMT
gbflag.gif
global.oup.com/system/images/flags/ 		397 B
968 B 		Image
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to Show image
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/flags/gbflag.gif
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
773752d04dd73a4f6285e239ae05972e4878a7ea9fc3c4a2247f91eb81af525d
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:53 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Wed, 06 Jul 2011 16:42:20 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.3"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
image/gif
cache-control
s-maxage=23247, max-age=23247
content-length
397
expires
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 16:42:20 GMT
privacy_header
global.oup.com/system/images/headers/ 		42 KB
42 KB 		Image
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to Show image
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/headers/privacy_header
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
c1493eae8b2da7448cb23fd00be55b8ddf500f5973a963149fd50a7463c0b9cd
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Mon, 26 Feb 2018 12:56:11 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.4"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
image/jpeg
cache-control
s-maxage=9677, max-age=9677
content-length
42890
expires
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 12:56:11 GMT
instagram_icon
global.oup.com/system/images/ 		49 KB
50 KB 		Image
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to Show image
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/instagram_icon
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
cdededd761992cecf367794f26f529d7adc947103c6275d64c0e28c336a2bf09
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Fri, 23 Aug 2019 13:06:24 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.5"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
image/png
cache-control
s-maxage=10290, max-age=10290
content-length
50132
expires
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 13:06:24 GMT
youtube_icon
global.oup.com/system/images/ 		10 KB
11 KB 		Image
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to Show image
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/youtube_icon
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
e6adcbd03d351741086dc62c697f4abe7ca1eb0650c641039fb2ebf7572ecb3e
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Fri, 23 Aug 2019 13:10:41 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.2"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
image/png
cache-control
s-maxage=10547, max-age=10547
content-length
10248
expires
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 13:10:41 GMT
twitter_icon
global.oup.com/system/images/ 		16 KB
17 KB 		Image
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to Show image
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/twitter_icon
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
8d7ce325f8fdc255cd8195073017a196aec58d3f96331833c0735c0cf071733d
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Fri, 23 Aug 2019 13:08:57 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.2"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
image/png
cache-control
s-maxage=10443, max-age=10443
content-length
16521
expires
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 13:08:57 GMT
linkedin_icon
global.oup.com/system/images/ 		14 KB
15 KB 		Image
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to Show image
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/linkedin_icon
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
5fe3760be162170660aa54c6103a668db4141ed90d5ebcd6216fa101a52f3d43
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Fri, 23 Aug 2019 13:08:07 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.2"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
image/png
cache-control
s-maxage=10393, max-age=10393
content-length
14473
expires
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 13:08:07 GMT
mobilenav.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/ 		3 KB
3 KB 		Script
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/js/mobilenav.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
c16ee72f7b11c40c1ca9270033da98b840e0a4b0cff4d013189f0b83de45b70f
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:15:52 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=68458, max-age=68458
content-length
2706
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 05:15:52 GMT
scriptsShowHide.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/ 		2 KB
3 KB 		Script
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/js/scriptsShowHide.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
2f146b6e5cdbb23b9319a2d6a502bbbe381c254477761a3796af378c8c535e39
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:19:09 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=68654, max-age=68654
content-length
2498
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 05:19:09 GMT
jquery.cycle.all.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/ 		31 KB
32 KB 		Script
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.cycle.all.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
f448d0689ede5081af0a83a8585c98e7dc4d287808bfa13c5f53d34ff8d1b3e3
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:10:54 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=68160, max-age=68160
content-length
32067
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 05:10:54 GMT
jquery.jcarousel.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/ 		12 KB
12 KB 		Script
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.jcarousel.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
2bab26630399056fe849edd351e60886b8caa879f050e8fe6f23bca9435a532b
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:11:35 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=68201, max-age=68201
content-length
12199
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 05:11:35 GMT
jquery.maphilight.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/ 		6 KB
7 KB 		Script
General
Check archive.org
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Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.maphilight.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
025d147e080932ef2c87381448202100cc6a5d8aad452d370623c090f4ead4a7
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:12:08 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=68234, max-age=68234
content-length
6184
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 05:12:08 GMT
gtm.js
www.googletagmanager.com/ 		215 KB
77 KB 		Script
General
Check archive.org
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Full URL
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MPPNRWR
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2a00:1450:4001:82f::2008 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Google Tag Manager /
Resource Hash
4efd42f573d6383dc7a349f23627d2c056a2a37bc0f1b16c9ad9705e0a80967d
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
content-encoding
br
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
78421
x-xss-protection
0
last-modified
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 09:00:00 GMT
server
Google Tag Manager
vary
Accept-Encoding
content-type
application/javascript; charset=UTF-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
private, max-age=900
access-control-allow-credentials
true
access-control-allow-headers
Cache-Control
expires
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
arrowDownWhite.svg
global.oup.com/system/images/ 		2 KB
2 KB 		Image
General
Check archive.org
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Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowDownWhite.svg
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
dc547de5d2d6b0cd7d0e29c5bfbf213c15e2b888a09b29bdf90259ba45167f33
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:56:49 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.3"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
image/svg+xml
cache-control
s-maxage=6115, max-age=6115
content-length
1640
expires
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 11:56:49 GMT
arrowPlusWhite.svg
global.oup.com/system/images/ 		623 B
1 KB 		Image
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to Show image
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowPlusWhite.svg
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
11a2d33c8fe1cb5087de9d858e3a7d31013e35f5d9f79c43b720922e4ca02dd5
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:56:52 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.3"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
image/svg+xml
cache-control
s-maxage=6117, max-age=6117
content-length
623
expires
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 11:56:52 GMT
column_gradient_bg.jpg
global.oup.com/system/images/ 		412 B
981 B 		Image
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to Show image
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/column_gradient_bg.jpg
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
6742bf4d94372c9170fdb9e5a559dcc2e6c66bd0796837f4b00797da8f06b999
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:55:02 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.2"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
image/jpeg
cache-control
s-maxage=70808, max-age=70808
content-length
412
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 05:55:02 GMT
arrowRightSky.svg
global.oup.com/system/images/ 		551 B
1 KB 		Image
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to Show image
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowRightSky.svg
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
25368096aa9b2b50234bca86c1b9aef6fe9ab5a4fc963840deb30777b254e4f0
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:56:56 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.3"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
image/svg+xml
cache-control
s-maxage=6122, max-age=6122
content-length
551
expires
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 11:56:56 GMT
arrowUpBlack.svg
global.oup.com/system/images/ 		851 B
1 KB 		Image
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to Show image
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowUpBlack.svg
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
d4daea8c3ad6302906c6288a8dbf1c78df9798547cd4cf3304a9cada8bdc31cb
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:56:42 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.3"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
image/svg+xml
cache-control
s-maxage=6108, max-age=6108
content-length
851
expires
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 11:56:42 GMT
memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4gaVI.woff2
fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/ 		18 KB
19 KB 		Font
General
Check archive.org
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Full URL
https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v40/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4gaVI.woff2
Requested by
Host: fonts.googleapis.com
URL: https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Open+Sans&display=swap
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2a00:1450:4001:828::2003 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
sffe /
Resource Hash
e7af9d60d875eb1c1b1037bbbfdec41fcb096d0ebcf98a48717ad8b07906ced6
Security Headers
Name Value
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://fonts.googleapis.com/
Origin
https://global.oup.com
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Sat, 01 Jun 2024 02:08:33 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
age
288381
content-security-policy-report-only
require-trusted-types-for 'script'; report-uri https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/apps-themes
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
18668
x-xss-protection
0
last-modified
Thu, 14 Dec 2023 02:00:39 GMT
server
sffe
cross-origin-opener-policy
same-origin; report-to="apps-themes"
report-to
{"group":"apps-themes","max_age":2592000,"endpoints":[{"url":"https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/report-to/apps-themes"}]}
content-type
font/woff2
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
public, max-age=31536000
accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
expires
Sun, 01 Jun 2025 02:08:33 GMT
-nFnOHM81r4j6k0gjAW3mujVU2B2G_Bx0g.woff2
fonts.gstatic.com/s/dmserifdisplay/v15/ 		24 KB
24 KB 		Font
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/dmserifdisplay/v15/-nFnOHM81r4j6k0gjAW3mujVU2B2G_Bx0g.woff2
Requested by
Host: fonts.googleapis.com
URL: https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Serif+Display&display=swap
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2a00:1450:4001:828::2003 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
sffe /
Resource Hash
8b0ceabdff07806ce949c228d047d0824bca1bec4c3c3f83ac2cd077a24e55e5
Security Headers
Name Value
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://fonts.googleapis.com/
Origin
https://global.oup.com
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Sat, 01 Jun 2024 05:58:35 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
age
274579
content-security-policy-report-only
require-trusted-types-for 'script'; report-uri https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/apps-themes
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
24768
x-xss-protection
0
last-modified
Thu, 24 Aug 2023 17:45:35 GMT
server
sffe
cross-origin-opener-policy
same-origin; report-to="apps-themes"
report-to
{"group":"apps-themes","max_age":2592000,"endpoints":[{"url":"https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/report-to/apps-themes"}]}
content-type
font/woff2
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
public, max-age=31536000
accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
expires
Sun, 01 Jun 2025 05:58:35 GMT
implied
global.oup.com/cookiealert/en/ 		898 B
1 KB 		XHR
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/cookiealert/en/implied
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
d7e5b4b82b9f26e8ddd962b84169eeb7bb4a83cfc8af4b408a18a88873d2bcb9
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Accept
text/plain, */*; q=0.01
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
server
Apache
vary
User-Agent
content-type
text/plain
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
max-age=86400, max-age=172800
expires
Thu, 06 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
js
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/ 		287 KB
97 KB 		Script
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-MMKNTB48XS&l=dataLayer&cx=c
Requested by
Host: www.googletagmanager.com
URL: https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MPPNRWR
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2a00:1450:4001:82f::2008 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Google Tag Manager /
Resource Hash
34148744e5648fca16ac7bc9b58ef42723830038709f291f5e77088ff8d42876
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
content-encoding
br
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
server
Google Tag Manager
vary
Accept-Encoding
content-type
application/javascript; charset=UTF-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
private, max-age=900
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
access-control-allow-headers
Cache-Control
content-length
99597
x-xss-protection
0
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
expires
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
analytics.js
www.google-analytics.com/ 		52 KB
21 KB 		Script
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js
Requested by
Host: www.googletagmanager.com
URL: https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MPPNRWR
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2001:4860:4802:34::178 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Golfe2 /
Resource Hash
de36e50194320a7d3ef1ace9bd34a875a8bd458b253c061979dd628e9bf49afd
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=10886400; includeSubDomains; preload
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

strict-transport-security
max-age=10886400; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
gzip
x-content-type-options
nosniff
date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 08:14:59 GMT
last-modified
Tue, 12 Dec 2023 18:09:08 GMT
server
Golfe2
age
7195
vary
Accept-Encoding
content-type
text/javascript
cache-control
public, max-age=7200
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
20994
expires
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:59 GMT
collect
www.google-analytics.com/j/ 		16 B
221 B 		XHR
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://www.google-analytics.com/j/collect?v=1&_v=j101&a=1351862245&t=pageview&_s=1&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Fprivacy%3Futm_term%3DCustomer%2520Services%26utm_content%3DPrivacy%2520Policy%26utm_campaign%3Doupac-campaign%3A8693x42zk%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_source%3Dadestra%26cc%3Dgb&ul=de-de&de=UTF-8&dt=Oxford%20University%20Press%20-%20Privacy%20Policy&sd=24-bit&sr=1600x1200&vp=1600x1200&je=0&_u=YEBAAEABAAAAACAAI~&jid=1882344194&gjid=2120150461&cid=231991606.1717496094&tid=UA-117501043-1&_gid=797597573.1717496094&_r=1&_slc=1&gtm=45He4630n81MPPNRWRv78824561za200&gcd=13l3l3l2l1&dma_cps=sypham&dma=1&npa=1&z=1652898459
Requested by
Host: www.google-analytics.com
URL: https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2001:4860:4802:34::178 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Golfe2 /
Resource Hash
7ecfec74b5eeaddebf57505bba5c09172d2172f422220988c71f6f0c708710f0
Security Headers
Name Value
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Content-Type
text/plain

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
last-modified
Sun, 17 May 1998 03:00:00 GMT
server
Golfe2
content-type
text/plain
access-control-allow-origin
https://global.oup.com
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
16
expires
Fri, 01 Jan 1990 00:00:00 GMT
collect
region1.google-analytics.com/g/ 		0
253 B 		Ping
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://region1.google-analytics.com/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-MMKNTB48XS&gtm=45je4630v873261670z878824561za200zb78824561&_p=1717496093977&gcd=13l3l3l2l1&npa=1&dma_cps=sypham&dma=1&cid=231991606.1717496094&ul=de-de&sr=1600x1200&uaa=x86&uab=64&uafvl=Google%2520Chrome%3B125.0.6422.141%7CChromium%3B125.0.6422.141%7CNot.A%252FBrand%3B24.0.0.0&uamb=0&uam=&uap=Win32&uapv=10.0.0&uaw=0&are=1&frm=0&pscdl=noapi&_s=1&sid=1717496094&sct=1&seg=0&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Fprivacy%3Futm_term%3DCustomer%2520Services%26utm_content%3DPrivacy%2520Policy%26utm_campaign%3Doupac-campaign%3A8693x42zk%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_source%3Dadestra%26cc%3Dgb&dr=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Fprivacy%3Futm_term%3DCustomer%2520Services%26utm_content%3DPrivacy%2520Policy%26utm_campaign%3Doupac-campaign%253A8693x42zk%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_source%3Dadestra&dt=Oxford%20University%20Press%20-%20Privacy%20Policy&en=page_view&_fv=1&_ss=1&tfd=768
Requested by
Host: www.googletagmanager.com
URL: https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-MMKNTB48XS&l=dataLayer&cx=c
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2001:4860:4802:32::36 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Golfe2 /
Resource Hash
e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
server
Golfe2
content-type
text/plain
access-control-allow-origin
https://global.oup.com
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
0
expires
Fri, 01 Jan 1990 00:00:00 GMT
collect
stats.g.doubleclick.net/j/ 		1 B
345 B 		XHR
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://stats.g.doubleclick.net/j/collect?t=dc&aip=1&_r=3&v=1&_v=j101&tid=UA-117501043-1&cid=231991606.1717496094&jid=1882344194&gjid=2120150461&_gid=797597573.1717496094&npa=1&_u=YEBAAEAAAAAAACAAI~&z=984439401
Requested by
Host: www.google-analytics.com
URL: https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2a00:1450:400c:c0d::9a Brussels, Belgium, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Golfe2 /
Resource Hash
6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f5747ada4eaa22f1d49c01e52ddb7875b4b
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=10886400; includeSubDomains; preload
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
Content-Type
text/plain

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
strict-transport-security
max-age=10886400; includeSubDomains; preload
date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
last-modified
Sun, 17 May 1998 03:00:00 GMT
server
Golfe2
content-type
text/plain
access-control-allow-origin
https://global.oup.com
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
1
expires
Fri, 01 Jan 1990 00:00:00 GMT
js
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/ 		251 KB
89 KB 		Script
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-MM7F1GM7PL&cx=c&_slc=1
Requested by
Host: www.google-analytics.com
URL: https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
142.250.186.72 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
fra24s05-in-f8.1e100.net
Software
Google Tag Manager /
Resource Hash
a79dc326c0848f834c4717caf26ebbcb52e9e5d123ce1c1f2207b4612ca15890
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
content-encoding
br
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
server
Google Tag Manager
vary
Accept-Encoding
content-type
application/javascript; charset=UTF-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
private, max-age=900
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
access-control-allow-headers
Cache-Control
content-length
91265
x-xss-protection
0
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
expires
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
favicon.ico
global.oup.com/system/images/ 		1 KB
2 KB 		Other
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/favicon.ico
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
54.73.129.52 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-54-73-129-52.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
63feaf01b7b3fa776924a78f2ff2b8b6f5b73709ee90be0c4ce90e69cb877b71
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 02 Sep 2021 05:26:58 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.3"
vary
User-Agent
content-type
image/x-icon
cache-control
s-maxage=69124, max-age=69124
content-length
1505
expires
Wed, 05 Jun 2024 05:26:58 GMT
collect
region1.google-analytics.com/g/ 		0
45 B 		Ping
General
Check archive.org
Download Go to
Full URL
https://region1.google-analytics.com/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-MM7F1GM7PL&gtm=45je4630v9119155432za200&_p=1717496093977&gcd=13l3l3l2l3&npa=1&dma_cps=sypham&dma=1&ul=de-de&sr=1600x1200&cid=231991606.1717496094&uaa=x86&uab=64&uafvl=Google%2520Chrome%3B125.0.6422.141%7CChromium%3B125.0.6422.141%7CNot.A%252FBrand%3B24.0.0.0&uamb=0&uam=&uap=Win32&uapv=10.0.0&uaw=0&are=1&frm=0&pscdl=noapi&_eu=ABAI&_s=1&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Fprivacy%3Futm_term%3DCustomer%2520Services%26utm_content%3DPrivacy%2520Policy%26utm_campaign%3Doupac-campaign%3A8693x42zk%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_source%3Dadestra%26cc%3Dgb&dt=Oxford%20University%20Press%20-%20Privacy%20Policy&sid=1717496094&sct=1&seg=0&en=page_view&_fv=1&_ss=1&_ee=1&tfd=944
Requested by
Host: www.googletagmanager.com
URL: https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-MM7F1GM7PL&cx=c&_slc=1
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
2001:4860:4802:32::36 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Golfe2 /
Resource Hash
e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855

Request headers

sec-ch-ua
"Google Chrome";v="125", "Not:A-Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="125"
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
Accept-Language
de-DE,de;q=0.9;q=0.9
sec-ch-ua-mobile
?0
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/125.0.0.0 Safari/537.36
sec-ch-ua-platform
"Win32"

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
date
Tue, 04 Jun 2024 10:14:54 GMT
server
Golfe2
content-type
text/plain
access-control-allow-origin
https://global.oup.com
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
0
expires
Fri, 01 Jan 1990 00:00:00 GMT

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

23 JavaScript Global Variables

These are the non-standard "global" variables defined on the window object. These can be helpful in identifying possible client-side frameworks and code.

function| $ function| jQuery object| dataLayer string| oupcookiepolicy_siteid string| oupcookiepolicy_messagetype string| oupcookiepolicy_preferredlanguage string| oupcookiepolicy_impliedmessageclass string| oupcookiepolicy_documentroot function| Cookies object| FirstCurtainMenu object| SecondCurtainMenu object| SearchBar function| showHide function| showHideTwo object| jQuery19105764600991000925 object| google_tag_manager object| google_tag_data string| GoogleAnalyticsObject function| ga object| gaplugins object| gaGlobal object| gaData function| onYouTubeIframeAPIReady

10 Cookies

Domain/Path Name / Value
oup.msgfocus.com/ Name: adestra_ctrk
Value: 1aNw1ne1bod56irQpGQD9qS9v2i
.global.oup.com/ Name: aws-waf-token
Value: 37ff9bf9-cb54-4bfe-b071-9dde21c4488e:CgoAknZHXM4VAAAA:YEEDQVZ9vgytvMiuuvUP3zstTLYpyBe7RY0HvnZWITu7uhLzfBO/iY8grV15H5y+X27d2XM8yMq5iYNuxCpzAYB4xKtfZKHfumCkYjWnU5EzGv/PEePvwVNWMDnrfeIKyuWZrynuHOcYUK0H2PpU8AgOkbKzeB9L3VGXWlslhtqmGoo4v+3l37Y+JROuuV9eJ8SucKrIGDVs087OIlDaUUZewY6Ae82ULnBKX/0fe10X3qpGcyOKh1X1Dj9g835TUyJzgqJlMYGx
global.oup.com/ Name: JSESSIONID
Value: 0CA0ECD0BDE195DF6376377C83C1C512
global.oup.com/ Name: oup-cookie
Value: 4-6-2024
.oup.com/ Name: _gid
Value: GA1.2.797597573.1717496094
.oup.com/ Name: _gat_UA-117501043-1
Value: 1
.oup.com/ Name: _ga_MMKNTB48XS
Value: GS1.1.1717496094.1.0.1717496094.0.0.0
.oup.com/ Name: _ga
Value: GA1.1.231991606.1717496094
global.oup.com/ Name: AWSALB
Value: O9QEfTzoAM/IhcGLzKmUEUzBPMScpOOOdHQBXpuYEWiJ3iuQvNMCvgy3WhWQqjttXJ7tpurzah+S+HprJaSkeKpcYyO+RCjy7GM/U82ndJvuXjYUQpVCkhb/5k2T
.oup.com/ Name: _ga_MM7F1GM7PL
Value: GS1.2.1717496094.1.0.1717496094.0.0.0

8 Console Messages

Source Level URL
Text
security warning URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Message:
Mixed Content: The page at 'https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb' was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure element 'http://global.oup.com/system/images/instagram_icon'. This request was automatically upgraded to HTTPS, For more information see https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html
security warning URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Message:
Mixed Content: The page at 'https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb' was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure element 'http://global.oup.com/system/images/youtube_icon'. This request was automatically upgraded to HTTPS, For more information see https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html
security warning URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Message:
Mixed Content: The page at 'https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb' was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure element 'http://global.oup.com/system/images/twitter_icon'. This request was automatically upgraded to HTTPS, For more information see https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html
security warning URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb
Message:
Mixed Content: The page at 'https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb' was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure element 'http://global.oup.com/system/images/linkedin_icon'. This request was automatically upgraded to HTTPS, For more information see https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html
security warning URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb(Line 2327)
Message:
Mixed Content: The page at 'https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb' was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure element 'http://global.oup.com/system/images/instagram_icon'. This request was automatically upgraded to HTTPS, For more information see https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html
security warning URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb(Line 2327)
Message:
Mixed Content: The page at 'https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb' was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure element 'http://global.oup.com/system/images/youtube_icon'. This request was automatically upgraded to HTTPS, For more information see https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html
security warning URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb(Line 2327)
Message:
Mixed Content: The page at 'https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb' was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure element 'http://global.oup.com/system/images/twitter_icon'. This request was automatically upgraded to HTTPS, For more information see https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html
security warning URL: https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb(Line 2327)
Message:
Mixed Content: The page at 'https://global.oup.com/privacy?utm_term=Customer%20Services&utm_content=Privacy%20Policy&utm_campaign=oupac-campaign:8693x42zk&utm_medium=email&utm_source=adestra&cc=gb' was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure element 'http://global.oup.com/system/images/linkedin_icon'. This request was automatically upgraded to HTTPS, For more information see https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html

Indicators

This is a term in the security industry to describe indicators such as IPs, Domains, Hashes, etc. This does not imply that any of these indicate malicious activity.

academic-marketing.oup.com
e7e0f4e4fada.5e2c0a1e.eu-west-1.token.awswaf.com
fonts.googleapis.com
fonts.gstatic.com
global.oup.com
oup.msgfocus.com
region1.google-analytics.com
stats.g.doubleclick.net
www.google-analytics.com
www.googletagmanager.com
142.250.186.72
18.173.187.30
18.66.192.51
18.66.192.81
2001:4860:4802:32::36
2001:4860:4802:34::178
2a00:1450:4001:812::200a
2a00:1450:4001:828::2003
2a00:1450:4001:82f::2008
2a00:1450:400c:c0d::9a
54.73.129.52
025d147e080932ef2c87381448202100cc6a5d8aad452d370623c090f4ead4a7
090d5919ea94c308bf2c2e82e898cd08f10052abf143241f8fda34dbdd3cca43
0c3990ffdb5955c493bb60b31eb066578445a858485e78d0f6e490f6ecf54009
0fcfc0d944f8b27a63149360cc46d1e87569e7158a1ead5ed276c1f5c00a4bac
11a2d33c8fe1cb5087de9d858e3a7d31013e35f5d9f79c43b720922e4ca02dd5
12eebba255ce6f856459cab6b183b507be0417a322f46faf7dd71b3c4b0eec27
25368096aa9b2b50234bca86c1b9aef6fe9ab5a4fc963840deb30777b254e4f0
2a5b6a248ca987f788e4724e39760b169353597c95009c383208c5aeab16ef21
2bab26630399056fe849edd351e60886b8caa879f050e8fe6f23bca9435a532b
2f146b6e5cdbb23b9319a2d6a502bbbe381c254477761a3796af378c8c535e39
34148744e5648fca16ac7bc9b58ef42723830038709f291f5e77088ff8d42876
3d4e79053d65b7d0883ceb39172b6f414ca5d7256e19b19d6057e9c80762940b
44627a23cc0695b9fb6e40be5ea302dfb4dfc3a4ff6728109e4ec9d4d79d1c7a
4efd42f573d6383dc7a349f23627d2c056a2a37bc0f1b16c9ad9705e0a80967d
5fe3760be162170660aa54c6103a668db4141ed90d5ebcd6216fa101a52f3d43
63feaf01b7b3fa776924a78f2ff2b8b6f5b73709ee90be0c4ce90e69cb877b71
6742bf4d94372c9170fdb9e5a559dcc2e6c66bd0796837f4b00797da8f06b999
6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f5747ada4eaa22f1d49c01e52ddb7875b4b
6e27e418d9c2ccc70d4603bfd8d3f25548865a5151cc497f309b9028a41c603d
7286123f25624b78ad837bbe47030c5fff6076574d7117afa270147b9203b73e
757cb2db1ce9bdfab4a1bfeeff628b3766ee931ea69be6ef9e269e0daa700873
773752d04dd73a4f6285e239ae05972e4878a7ea9fc3c4a2247f91eb81af525d
7ecfec74b5eeaddebf57505bba5c09172d2172f422220988c71f6f0c708710f0
833209d392c98911ceedd6bd22589b39fcb1960ffa1502ed90b8ab3a036583e3
84dda9c30301ce433e5337d41072a84f0aea562a2bfe0ad5f952fe51f999bed5
8b0ceabdff07806ce949c228d047d0824bca1bec4c3c3f83ac2cd077a24e55e5
8d7ce325f8fdc255cd8195073017a196aec58d3f96331833c0735c0cf071733d
91d1e9771661300a130e5a674a7ac337f044969b25cd50ce00edf4288302e3ca
92fa46e8e3ec428728ccca64858f8c24a72c895f55e7d87349a3a1b63f7aba30
a79dc326c0848f834c4717caf26ebbcb52e9e5d123ce1c1f2207b4612ca15890
bc1db8d4da964e89c071286db53cb9bd404fbcab69efdf5291227109b51f2db1
be69365d9137a56a6c54816c56abdda7bd41aa3324001b885868d9b0858e3d4c
c12f6098e641aaca96c60215800f18f5671039aecf812217fab3c0d152f6adb4
c1493eae8b2da7448cb23fd00be55b8ddf500f5973a963149fd50a7463c0b9cd
c16ee72f7b11c40c1ca9270033da98b840e0a4b0cff4d013189f0b83de45b70f
c8320b3bca74ffd89977a5b0adf0987f4003071d8089a4e1c2f9c0f9f42d18bd
cc75e60d1075d49c7ac5bec47f27d9f4335ac582ab28f5fccab457823f07a427
cdededd761992cecf367794f26f529d7adc947103c6275d64c0e28c336a2bf09
d462b15ab4567fde4505b4b0e1f75c6ccfbdb1e6a5432b69e5ebcb0842e37af7
d4daea8c3ad6302906c6288a8dbf1c78df9798547cd4cf3304a9cada8bdc31cb
d7e5b4b82b9f26e8ddd962b84169eeb7bb4a83cfc8af4b408a18a88873d2bcb9
dc547de5d2d6b0cd7d0e29c5bfbf213c15e2b888a09b29bdf90259ba45167f33
de36e50194320a7d3ef1ace9bd34a875a8bd458b253c061979dd628e9bf49afd
e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855
e6adcbd03d351741086dc62c697f4abe7ca1eb0650c641039fb2ebf7572ecb3e
e7af9d60d875eb1c1b1037bbbfdec41fcb096d0ebcf98a48717ad8b07906ced6
f448d0689ede5081af0a83a8585c98e7dc4d287808bfa13c5f53d34ff8d1b3e3
fd324d7cb0c93d1870d10a13af4e38db93aa92fdb25585051cc244f753b9ae66
ffe8ce92e8ba287fd8f3fb2676e616692d6aaa35b53c203542b25bed2a491da4