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Business|TikTok Is Subject of E.U. Inquiry Over ‘Addictive Design’

https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/19/business/tiktok-european-commission-children.html
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TIKTOK IS SUBJECT OF E.U. INQUIRY OVER ‘ADDICTIVE DESIGN’

The European Commission said it would investigate whether the site violated
online laws aimed at protecting children from harmful content.

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Shou Chew, the chief executive of TikTok, testifying during a Senate Judiciary
Committee last month in Washington. Credit...Anna Rose Layden for The New York
Times


By Liz Alderman

Feb. 19, 2024, 10:18 a.m. ET

European Union regulators on Monday opened an investigation into TikTok over
potential breaches of online content rules aimed at protecting children, saying
the popular social media platform’s “addictive design” risked exposing young
people to harmful content.

The move widens a preliminary investigation conducted in recent months into
whether TikTok, owned by the Chinese company ByteDance, violated a new European
law, the Digital Services Act, which requires large social media companies to
stop the spread of harmful material. Under the law, companies can be penalized
up to 6 percent of their global revenues.

TikTok has been under the scrutiny of E.U. regulators for months. The company
was fined roughly $370 million in September for having weak safeguards to
protect the personal information of children using the platform. Policymakers in
the United States have also been wrestling with how to regulate the platform for
harmful content and data privacy — concerns amplified by TikTok’s links to
China.

The European Commission said it was particularly focused on how the company was
managing the risk of “negative effects stemming” from the site’s design,
including algorithmic systems that it said “may stimulate behavioral addictions”
or “create so-called ‘rabbit hole effects,’” where a user is pulled further and
further into the site’s content.



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Those risks could potentially compromise a person’s “physical and mental
well-being,” the commission said.



“The safety and well-being of online users in Europe is crucial,” Margrethe
Vestager, the European Commission’s executive vice president overseeing digital
policy, said in a statement. “TikTok needs to take a close look at the services
they offer and carefully consider the risks that they pose to their users —
young as well as old.”

Our business reporters. Times journalists are not allowed to have any direct
financial stake in companies they cover.

TikTok, in a statement, said that it had “pioneered features and settings to
protect teens and keep under-13s off the platform, issues the whole industry is
grappling with.”

The company added, “We’ll continue to work with experts and industry to keep
young people on TikTok safe, and look forward to now having the opportunity to
explain this work in detail to the commission.”

TikTok has become a target of parents, policymakers and regulators who are
concerned about the company’s data-collection practices and the platform’s
effect on young people’s mental health.



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Shou Chew, TikTok’s chief executive, was grilled by U.S. lawmakers last March
about TikTok’s ties to China and the app’s impact on children. He stressed that
TikTok was an independent company that wasn’t influenced by China and mentioned
60-minute screen time limits, which parents can control, for users 12 and under.

In Europe, where TikTok has more than 150 million monthly users, regulators last
year faulted the service for having settings that made videos and posts public
by default, exposing the information and data of its youngest users. They said
TikTok also used so-called dark patterns, a system that encouraged users to
select privacy-intrusive options during the sign-up process and when posting
videos.

The E.U. investigation will also look at the effectiveness of TikTok’s age
verification tools, intended to prevent access by minors to inappropriate
content. It will also check to see if TikTok provides a list of advertisements
that is searchable and reliable, as required under the Digital Services Act.

European regulators began a separate investigation in October into whether the
social media platform X violated the Digital Services Act over the prevalence of
gory images and terrorism content related to the Israel-Hamas war.



Liz Alderman is the chief European business correspondent, writing about
economic, social and policy developments around Europe. More about Liz Alderman

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