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INVASIVE SPECIES SPOTLIGHT: TREE-OF-HEAVEN (AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA) AND SPOTTED
LANTERNFLY (LYCORMA DELICATULA)


INVASIVE SPECIES SPOTLIGHT: TREE-OF-HEAVEN (AILANTHUS ALTISSIMA) AND SPOTTED
LANTERNFLY (LYCORMA DELICATULA)


Wednesday, June 13, 2018
By: Pamela Roy, Easement Stewardship Intern; Kristen Frentzel, Easement Manager;
and Susan Charkes, Easement Steward

Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is an invasive tree from China. It is a
frequent sight along roadways and disturbed forested areas in our region. A
prolific seed producer and rapid grower, Ailanthus gains an advantage over other
species by producing a toxin—distributed through its root systems—that inhibits
the growth of other plants. In addition to its non-native invasive status, it
may also serve to harbor an invasive insect species, the spotted lanternfly. 

The spotted lanternfly (SLF) (Lycorma delicatula) is an invasive pest, which is
also found in China. It first appeared in the United States in Pennsylvania in
2014. It poses a major threat to our grape and tree-fruit crops, as well as the
logging, nursery and landscape industries. The spotted lanternfly attacks fruit
trees and other types of trees by feeding on the sap in trunks, branches and
twigs. It leaves oozing wounds, indicated by a greyish or black trail along the
bark of the plant. The SLF then excretes a substance known as honeydew that can
attract bees and other insects. The honeydew and sap also provide a medium for
growth of fungi, which can cover leaf surfaces, stunt growth or lead to plant
death.

Image

Spotted lanternfly adult. Photo credit: Lawrence Barringer, Pennsylvania
Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org




STRATEGIES FOR CONTROLLING THESE INVASIVE SPECIES

Spotted lanternflies show a strong preference for tree-of-heaven in the late
summer and fall for feeding and laying their eggs. If you have tree-of-heaven
and spotted lanternfly on your property, there are measures you can take to help
control the populations of both of these invasive species. The Pennsylvania
Department of Agriculture has been using Integrated Pest Management (IPM), which
is a strategy to manage pests while reducing the potential pesticide exposure of
non-target organisms. The strategy involves destroying approximately 90% of the
tree-of-heaven trees on a property and using the remaining trees as “trap”
trees. The trap trees are then treated with a systemic insecticide. When spotted
lanternfly feeds on the treated trees, they will die. As always, you must apply
the insecticide according to the label and at the right time of year for the
trees to absorb it. Also, keep in mind that insecticides can be lethal to other
insects— in particular, neonicotinoid insecticides are toxic to bees (which do
visit Ailanthus flowers) and must be used with extreme care and attention to
potential collateral damage. 

Image

Spotted lanternfly egg mass. Photo credit: Pennsylvania Department of
Agriculture, Bugwood.orgWhether you want to use IPM or just destroy all the
Ailanthus trees on your property depends on how many Ailanthus you have, and
what risk the spotted lanternfly poses to your agricultural and horticultural
activities. If you grow fruit trees, for example, you may want to invest in the
IPM method. If you just have a few tree-of-heaven and a few raised beds in your
vegetable garden, you may be better off just eliminating the trees and not
trying to use the “trap tree” method.



Tree banding is another control method. Sticky bands are wrapped around to trees
to capture the insects, then the bands are removed and destroyed. This method is
relatively passive and does not use toxic chemicals; however, the bands can
capture other insects and creatures.

The Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture has classified the spotted lanternfly
as a “public nuisance” because it poses a danger to forests, ornamental trees,
orchards and grapes. The Department had previously issued a quarantine order
applicable to a Zone that includes Chester, Delaware, Lancaster and Montgomery
Counties. The Department very recently (May 25, 2018) issued extremely strong
regulations requiring all property owners within the Zone to control or
eliminate spotted lanternflies found on their property, by “tree banding,
pesticide application, or removal of Ailanthus altissima trees, or any
combination thereof, to reduce the available host of the Spotted lanternfly and
to decrease the population of Spotted lanternfly.” If a property owner does not
comply, the Department may implement control measures at the expense of the
property owner. Click here for the full text of the regulations.



Image

Immature spotted lanternfly. Photo credit: Lawrence Barringer, Pennsylvania
Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org




ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

For more information on what to do if you find the spotted lanternfly, including
the IPM strategy, click here.

For more information on identifying tree-of-heaven and distinguishing it from
look-alike native tree species, this video may be helpful.

For more on the Spotted Lanternfly, watch this video by Penn State Extension.
Tree banding is described in more detail here.

 

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