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Opinion


OPINION: AFFIRMATIVE ACTION ISN’T HURTING ASIAN AMERICANS. HERE’S WHY THAT MYTH
SURVIVES

Supporters of affirmative action in higher education rally in front of the U.S.
Supreme Court before oral arguments in Students for Fair Admissions vs.
President and Fellows of Harvard College and Students for Fair Admissions vs.
University of North Carolina on Oct. 31, 2022.
(Chip Somodevilla / Getty Images)
By Janelle Wong and Viet Thanh Nguyen
June 14, 2023 3:05 AM PT
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The Supreme Court’s ruling on affirmative action, focusing on whether Harvard’s
consideration of race in admissions intentionally discriminates against Asian
Americans, is expected this month. A big part of our research has been to
identify anti-Asian discrimination, so we understand how charges that Asian
Americans are held to a higher standard in college admissions might feel like
another instance of anti-Asian bias. But we just don’t see an Asian American
penalty in college admissions.

Potent myths about admissions circulate within and outside Asian American
communities: “Asian Americans have to score higher than other students to get
in” and “Asian Americans shouldn’t check the Asian box on applications.” These
myths are often endorsed by college admissions advisors and accepted by parents
and students, though not a single Asian American student has testified that they
faced discrimination in the high profile Harvard case.

The faulty evidence for these myths rests in large part on the assumption that
tests like the SAT are the best and fairest measures of merit. But the SAT has
never been fair and is rooted in racism, developed by a racist eugenicist, Carl
Brigham. Standardized test scores are more highly associated with parental
education and family income than with college success or completion. Asian
Americans have the highest education and incomes of any racial group, though
there are significant variations in income and parental education among Asian
Americans, with poverty rates among Hmong and Burmese Americans at more than
25%.


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Opinion


OP-ED: I’M AN ASIAN AMERICAN HARVARD GRAD. AFFIRMATIVE ACTION HELPED ME

If the Supreme Court ends the program, first-generation students like me will
continue to face inequities when it comes to higher education.

Oct. 25, 2022

Considering factors beyond test scores does not amount to intentional
discrimination targeting Asian Americans, but is an important acknowledgment
that standardized tests reflect economic inequalities and are flawed indicators
of merit. In fact, that is why the University of California no longer considers
the SAT in admissions.

Still, the claim that Asian Americans have to score “140 points” more than white
students to get into highly selective colleges has gone viral. Julie J. Park, a
scholar of higher education, shows in “Race on Campus: Debunking Myths with
Data” why this assertion is wrong. The SAT score differentials often cited are
based on a study by Thomas Espenshade and Alexandria Radford that, when viewed
without context, is quite misleading. Based on data collected in the 1990s,
their research does not provide an actual score differential between groups.
Why? Because the analysis does not include key elements in admissions files,
including letters of recommendation and essays. Espenshade himself has said that
the data do not establish racial bias.



Nevertheless, the conservative white legal activist Ed Blum is suing Harvard for
allegedly penalizing Asian Americans. The complaint is not only on the SAT
front, but also that Asian American applicants were subject to racial bias when
it comes to Harvard’s “personal rating,” one of five ratings that go into an
admissions score.

Opinion


NICHOLAS GOLDBERG: THE AFFIRMATIVE ACTION CALAMITY BREWING AT THE SUPREME COURT

Justice Sandra Day O’Connor’s 2003 prediction that affirmative action college
admissions would only last 25 more years may come true if the current court has
its way. That would be tragic.

June 1, 2023

Here’s why we don’t buy that.

Blum’s suit makes much of the fact that the small numbers of Asian American
applications his team reviewed contained comments reinforcing the “model
minority” stereotype, portraying Asian Americans as passive nerds lacking
leadership with phrases like “very quiet” and “quiet and strong.” But “very
quiet” and “quiet and strong” were comments that appeared in the files of Black,
Latino and white applicant files as well. The 2013-14 Harvard Interviewer
Handbook highlights “introspection” and “the reflective introvert” as a “future
leader.” Statistical models show positive, though not statistically significant,
associations between admissions and Asian American identity for Asian American
females and Asian Americans from California. We would expect to see
statistically significant negative associations if intentional discrimination
was at work here.

Asian Americans, like all nonwhite students, do face implicit bias. Importantly,
Asian Americans experience both positive and negative forms of bias in college
admissions. The stereotype of hard work and smarts can provide an advantage in
some instances. But research shows that those who view Asian Americans through
that lens are more likely to view other people of color as lacking a work ethic.
Indeed, the model minority stereotype has long been used to undermine demands
for equality for all.

Politics


CONSERVATIVE JUSTICES MAY END AFFIRMATIVE ACTION IN COLLEGE ADMISSIONS — AND
BEYOND

Does the pursuit of admissions diversity by Harvard and the University of North
Carolina violate civil rights laws? Supreme Court to decide.

Oct. 30, 2022

These troubled dimensions of U.S. race relations are prominently displayed in
the Harvard case, in which opportunities are treated as a zero-sum game, divided
between a few haves and many have-nots. The lawsuit against Harvard exploits
this fear and uses Asian Americans as an argument against affirmative action and
against Black, Latino and Indigenous students, rather than drawing attention to
the systemic problem of a society that allocates more and more resources to the
already advantaged.

Harvard, for example, has an endowment of more than $50 billion, and more than
half its students come from the top 10 percentile of American society. Of
course, the overwhelming majority of students and parents won’t be affected by
Harvard’s admissions policy, though the majority will be affected by college
debt and underresourced state universities and community colleges. In
California, 51% of Asian American college students attend community colleges.

This is why it’s heartening that the majority of Asian American registered
voters surveyed say they favor “affirmative action programs designed to help
Black people, women and other minorities get better access to higher education.”
Indeed, some studies have shown that Asian American chances of admission to
highly selective colleges actually increase when race-conscious policies are in
place.

In California, the ban on affirmative action at public universities imposed more
than 25 years ago had little positive impact for Asian Americans. Asian American
and white students may have been marginally more likely to get into their first
choice of college versus their second choice after the ban, but overall access
to the top tier of UC campuses was unchanged, as were economic outcomes. The
ban, however, had major negative impacts on Black and Latino students’
enrollment at the most prestigious campuses, drove down their applications to
the UC system overall and dramatically decreased earnings over time.

Reducing college admissions to a simple and highly biased score overlooks the
nuances and complexities of how race and inequality intersect. Affirmative
action and race-conscious admissions are limited but necessary tools among many
needed to address this intersection. They will not solve the problem of race and
inequality by themselves, but without them, that problem will be made worse for
all of us.

Janelle Wong is the director of Asian American Studies and a professor of
American Studies and Government and Politics at the University of Maryland. Viet
Thanh Nguyen is University Professor, Aerol Arnold Chair of English and
Professor of English, American Studies and Ethnicity at USC.


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