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CAN MUSIC IMPROVE MEMORY IN OLDER ADULTS?

POSTED BY PETER EHRHARD
ON FEBRUARY 21, 2022



Amy Belfi’s research focuses on music’s impact on memory. Photo by Sam
O’Keefe/Missouri S&T

Both the U.S. and the global population are aging, with the average age
increasing from 21.5 in 1970 to over 30 in 2019. With this steady growth, the
need to better understand age-associated diseases and pathologies grows as well.
One aspect of mental ability that declines in even healthy aging adults is the
ability to recall episodically detailed memories.

With a recent grant from the National Institutes of Health, Dr. Amy Belfi and
her research group are examining the use of musical cues in memory retrieval. It
is currently unknown whether music is a particularly effective memory cue for
older adults, but through her research, Belfi aims to determine whether music
improves memory retrieval in healthy aging, and whether such music-induced
remembering leads to increased positive emotions.

“As with almost everything in psychology, there is individual variation, but
music is a particularly personal thing,” says Belfi, an assistant professor of
psychological science at Missouri University of Science and Technology. “We all
have different tastes in music, and even one’s musical experience or propensity
to enjoy music could affect the way music triggers memories for them.”

Dr. Amy Belfi. Photo by Sam O’Keefe/Missouri S&T

Her research theorizes that music is a particularly effective cue for evoking
memories that spontaneously come to mind with little cognitive effort. These
memories contrast with memories retrieved in a voluntary manner, which may
require cognitive capacities that degrade over the course of a person’s
lifespan.

“Only recently have researchers started comparing music to other memory cues,
and they have found some differences between music-evoked memories and memories
evoked by other sensory cues such as images or particular words,” says Belfi.
“My team will measure how often music triggers memories during everyday life
relative to other cues. But besides frequency, we will also look at the
vividness and level of detail in the memories. It could be that music triggers
memories less frequently than other cues, but they are more vivid.”

Belfi’s studies will not only test the idea that music-evoked memories will be
relatively preserved in healthy aging, but will also look at the emotional
outcomes of such music-induced memories in older adults. The research will
determine if memory-evoking music will induce prolonged positive changes in
mood, as compared to music that does not evoke memories.

“One important aspect of this grant is investigating what emotions are triggered
when we hear a song that reminds us of the past,” says Belfi. “Based on my
previous work, I would say that the vast majority of memories evoked by music
were positive – situations like weddings, parties, school dances and more. This
project will go further and measure these emotions that arise when a song evokes
a memory, and see whether music-evoked memories are more likely to be associated
with positive or negative emotions.”

Belfi is hopeful that the future fight against age-associated neurological
disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease can use music to improve cognitive
functioning, mood and even wellbeing in older adults.

About Missouri University of Science and Technology

Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T) is a STEM-focused
research university of over 7,200 students. Part of the four-campus University
of Missouri System and located in Rolla, Missouri, Missouri S&T offers 101
degrees in 40 areas of study and is among the nation’s top 10 universities for
return on investment, according to Business Insider. S&T also is home to the
Kummer Institute, made possible by a $300 million gift from Fred and June
Kummer. For more information about Missouri S&T, visit www.mst.edu.



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POSTED BY PETER EHRHARD

On February 21, 2022. Posted in CASB Research, College of Arts, Sciences, and
Business, Department of Psychology, Research, Science & Tech


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