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 * 1 Context
 * 2 See also
 * 3 References
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BERNE CONVENTION IMPLEMENTATION ACT OF 1988

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Berne Convention Implementation Act)

United States law



Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988Other short titlesH.R.4262 — 100th
CongressCodificationActs amendedCopyright Act of 1976

The Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988 is a copyright act that came
into force in the United States on March 1, 1989, making it a party to the Berne
Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.


CONTEXT[EDIT]

The United States initially refused—for 102 years, from 1886 to 1988—to join the
Berne Convention, as it would have required major changes in its copyright law,
particularly:

(A) Moral rights, (B) Copyright formalities, including registration, deposit,
and mandatory copyright notice

At the same time, U.S. copyright experts seemed to acknowledge that the United
States' approach to international copyright relations was flawed. For example,
Barbara Ringer, a leading U.S. copyright official, remarked that until around
1955, the United States' "role in international copyright was marked by
short-sightedness, political isolationism, and narrow economic
self-interest".[1]

The Pirate Publisher—An International Burlesque that has the Longest Run on
Record, from Puck, 1886, satirizes the ability of publishers to take works from
one country and publish them in another without paying the original authors.

H. Sandison writes: "The roots of American isolationism are from the 1790
Copyright Act which protected books only if their authors were citizens or
residents of the United States".[2] Ringer observed that this meant U.S.
publishers could pirate the works of English authors like Charles Dickens and
publish them cheaper in the new nation than U.S. authors could be published.[3]
This hurt the market for American books for 100 years and was only partly
remedied in 1891, when the United States passed a limited international
copyright law.[4] Although the United States was not alone in denying copyright
protection to nonresident foreigners, by waiting until 1988 to join the Berne
Convention, the United States was one of the last industrial countries, having
been "the only non-Unionist Western country", to join.[5]: 3 

By ratifying the Berne Convention, the United States Congress signaled that it
was taking a "minimalist approach to compliance" (emphasis original).[6] Indeed,
regarding both moral rights and formalities, the Implementation Act was limited;
in short, the "major concession was that the United States finally, reluctantly,
did away with copyright formalities".[7] Furthermore, some copyright
formalities, like requiring that a copy of the work be "deposited" at the
Library of Congress, were preserved.[6]


SEE ALSO[EDIT]

 * United States copyright law
 * Buenos Aires Convention


REFERENCES[EDIT]

 1. ^ Barbara Ringer, The Role of the United States in International Copyright
    -- Past, Present, and Future, 56 Georgetown Law Journal, 1050, 1051 (1968).
 2. ^ H. or R. Sandison, The Berne Convention and the Universal Copyright
    Convention: The American Experience, 11 Colum.-V.LA. J. L. & Arts, 89, 90-95
    (1986).
 3. ^ Barbara Ringer, 200 Years of American Copyright Law in the ABA's "200
    Years of American Copyright Law," in Am. Bar Assn, "Two Hundred Years of
    English and American Patent, Trademark and Copyright Law," 117-129 (1977.)
 4. ^ Robert Gorman & Jane Ginsburg, Copyright: Cases and Materials, 843-851,
    1999, Lexis Law, Charlottesville, Va.
 5. ^ Ginsberg, Jane C.; Kernochan, John M. (1988). "One Hundred and Two Years
    Later: The U.S. Joins the Berne Convention". Columbia-VLA Journal of Law &
    the Arts. Retrieved May 13, 2024.
 6. ^ a b Margreth Brewer, Intellectual Property Emanuel Law Outline, Aspen
    Publishers, NY, 2008, p. 196
 7. ^ Edward Samuels, The Illustrated Story of Copyright, Thomas Dunne Publ.,
    NY, 2000, pp. 232-242

 * Koenigsberg, I. Fred. 1991. "United States copyright after Berne - the most
   significant catalyst in 100 years." LOGOS: The Journal of the World Book
   Community 2, no. 2: 68-72.


EXTERNAL LINKS[EDIT]

Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988
 * The Berne Convention: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Patents, Copyrights
   and Trademarks of the Committee on the Judiciary, includes testimonials by
   George Lucas, Steven Spielberg, and Ralph Oman.
 * Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988, full text.
 * The House Report on the Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988 from May
   1988.
 * The Senate Report on the Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988 from May
   1988.
 * The House Statement on the Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988 from
   October 1988.
 * The Senate Statement on the Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988 from
   October 1988.


 * v
 * t
 * e

Copyright law of the United States
 * 17 U.S.C.
 * Copyright Clause
 * United States Copyright Office
   * Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices
   * CARP → CRB
   * Copyright Catalog
   * Register of Copyrights
   * Section 108 Study Group
 * Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States
 * Copyright status of works by subnational governments of the United States

Statutes


Pre-1976
 * Copyright Act of 1790
 * Copyright Act of 1831
 * Copyright Act of 1870
 * International Copyright Act of 1891
 * Printing Act of 1895
 * Copyright Act of 1909

1970s
 * Copyright Act of 1976

1980s
 * Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988

1990s
 * Visual Artists Rights Act (1990)
 * Copyright Remedy Clarification Act (1990)
 * Copyright Renewal Act of 1992
 * Audio Home Recording Act (1992)
 * Uruguay Round Agreements Act (1994)
 * No Electronic Theft Act (1994)
 * Copyright Term Extension Act (1998)
 * Fairness in Music Licensing Act of 1998
 * Digital Millennium Copyright Act (1998)
   * Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act
   * WIPO Copyright and Performances and Phonograms Treaties Implementation Act

2000s
 * Family Entertainment and Copyright Act (2005)

2010s
 * Unlocking Consumer Choice and Wireless Competition Act (2014)
 * Music Modernization Act (2018)

2020s
 * CASE Act (2020)


Precedents
and rulings


Supreme Court
 * Wheaton v. Peters (1834)
 * Baker v. Selden (1879)
 * Trade-Mark Cases (1879)
 * Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony (1884)
 * Banks v. Manchester (1888)
 * Callaghan v. Myers (1888)
 * Bobbs-Merrill Co. v. Straus (1908)
 * White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co. (1908)
 * Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States (1975)
 * Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc. (1984)
 * Feist v. Rural (1991)
 * Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc. (1994)
 * Quality King v. L'anza (1998)
 * Eldred v. Ashcroft (2003)
 * MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd. (2005)
 * Costco Wholesale Corp. v. Omega, S. A. (2010)
 * Golan v. Holder (2012)
 * Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2013)
 * American Broadcasting Cos., Inc. v. Aereo, Inc. (2014)
 * Star Athletica v. Varsity Brands (2017)
 * Fourth Estate v. Wall-Street.com (2019)
 * Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, Inc. (2020)
 * Google LLC v. Oracle America, Inc. (2021)
 * Andy Warhol Foundation v. Goldsmith (2023)

Appeals courts
 * Berlin v. E.C. Publications, Inc. (2d Cir. 1964)
 * Roth Greeting Cards v. United Card Co. (9th Cir. 1970)
 * Eltra Corp. v. Ringer (4th Cir. 1978)
 * Walt Disney Productions v. Air Pirates (9th Cir. 1978)
 * Midway Manufacturing Co. v. Artic International, Inc. (7th Cir. 1983)
 * Apple Computer, Inc. v. Franklin Computer Corp. (3d Cir. 1983)
 * Fisher v. Dees (9th Cir. 1986)
 * Whelan v. Jaslow (3d Cir. 1986)
 * Vault Corp. v. Quaid Software Ltd. (5th Cir. 1988)
 * Rogers v. Koons (2nd Cir. 1992)
 * Computer Associates International, Inc. v. Altai, Inc. (2d Cir. 1992)
 * American Geophysical Union v. Texaco, Inc. (2nd Cir. 1995)
 * Dr. Seuss Enters., L.P. v. Penguin Books USA, Inc.(9th Cir. 1997)
 * Itar-Tass Russian News Agency v. Russian Kurier, Inc. (2d Cir. 1998)
 * Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. v. Connectix Corp. (9th Cir. 2000)
 * Nunez v. Caribbean Int'l News Corp. (1st Cir. 2000)
 * A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc. (9th Cir. 2001)
 * Veeck v. Southern Building Code Congress Int'l (5th Cir. 2002)
 * Kelly v. Arriba Soft Corp. (9th Cir. 2002 / 2003)
 * In re Aimster Copyright Litigation (7th Cir. 2003)
 * NXIVM Corp. v. Ross Institute (2d Cir. 2004)
 * BMG Music v. Gonzalez (7th Cir. 2005)
 * Bill Graham Archives v. Dorling Kindersley, Ltd. (2nd Cir. 2006)
 * Blanch v. Koons (2nd Cir. 2006)
 * Perfect 10, Inc. v. Amazon.com, Inc. (9th Cir. 2006)
 * Cartoon Network, LP v. CSC Holdings, Inc. (2nd Cir. 2008)
 * Ahanchian v. Xenon Pictures, Inc. (9th Cir. 2010)
 * Penguin Group (USA) Inc. v. American Buddha (2d Cir. 2011)
 * Monge v. Maya Magazines, Inc. (9th Cir. 2012)
 * Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc. (2d Cir. 2012)
 * Seltzer v. Green Day, Inc (9th Cir. 2013)
 * Authors Guild, Inc. v. Google, Inc. (2d Cir. 2015)
 * Lenz v. Universal Music Corp. (9th Cir. 2015)
 * Naruto v. Slater (9th Cir. 2018)

Lower courts
 * Folsom v. Marsh (C.C.D. Mass. 1841)
 * Elektra Records Co. v. Gem Electronic Distributors, Inc. (E.D.N.Y. 1973)
 * Broderbund Software Inc. v. Unison World, Inc. (N.D. Cal. 1986)
 * Playboy Enterprises, Inc. v. Frena (M.D. Fla. 1993)
 * Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp. (S.D.N.Y. 1999)
 * RealNetworks, Inc. v. Streambox, Inc. (W.D. Wash. 2000)
 * Arista Records LLC v. Lime Group LLC (S.D.N.Y. 2010)
 * Capitol Records, LLC v. ReDigi Inc. (S.D.N.Y. 2013)
 * Equals Three, LLC v. Jukin Media, Inc. (C.D. Cal. 2015)
 * Hachette v. Internet Archive (S.D.N.Y. 2023)


 * Berne Convention
 * Uruguay Round
 * Don't Copy That Floppy
 * Home Recording Rights Coalition
 * Nimmer on Copyright
 * "You Wouldn't Steal a Car"

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