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'CONVERSATION OVERFLOW' CYBERATTACKS BYPASS AI SECURITY TO TARGET EXECS

Credential-stealing emails are getting past artificial intelligence's "known
good" email security controls by cloaking malicious payloads within seemingly
benign emails. The tactic poses a significant threat to enterprise networks.

Nathan Eddy, Contributing Writer

March 19, 2024

4 Min Read
Source: Blackboard via Alamy Stock Photo


A novel cyberattack method dubbed "Conversation Overflow" has surfaced,
attempting to get credential-harvesting phishing emails past artificial
intelligence (AI)- and machine learning (ML)-enabled security platforms.

The emails can escape AI/ML algorithms' threat detection through use of hidden
text designed to mimic legitimate communication, according to SlashNext threat
researchers, who released an analysis on the tactic today. They noted that it's
being used in a spate of attacks in what appears to be a test-driving exercise
on the part of the bad actors, to probe for ways to get around advanced cyber
defenses.



As opposed to traditional security controls, which rely on detecting "known bad"
signatures, AI/ML algorithms rely on identifying deviations from "known good"
communication.

So, the attack works like this: cybercriminals craft emails with two distinct
parts; a visible section prompting the recipient to click a link or send
information, and a concealed portion containing benign text intended to deceive
AI/ML algorithms by mimicking "known good" communication.



The goal is to convince the controls that the message is a normal exchange, with
attackers betting humans won't scroll down four blank pages to the bottom to see
the unrelated fake conversation meant for AI/ML's eyes only.

In this way, the assailants can trick systems into categorizing the entire email
and any subsequent replies as safe, thus allowing the attack to reach users'
inboxes.

Once these attacks bypass security measures, cybercriminals can then use the
same email conversation to deliver authentic-looking messages requesting that
executives reauthenticate passwords and logins, facilitating credential theft.




EXPLOITING "KNOWN GOOD" ANOMALY DETECTION IN MLS

Stephen Kowski, field CTO for SlashNext, says the emergence of Conversation
Overflow" attacks underscores cybercriminals' adaptability in circumventing
advanced security measures, particularly in the era of AI security.

"I've seen this attack style only once before in early 2023, but I’m now seeing
it more often and in different environments," he explains. "When I find these,
they are targeting upper management and executives."



He points out that phishing is a business, so attackers want to be efficient
with their own time and resources, targeting accounts with the most access or
most implied authority possible.

Kowski says this attack vector should be seen as more dangerous than the average
phishing attempt because it exploits weak points in new, highly effective
technologies that companies might not be aware of. That leaves a gap that
cybercriminals can rush to take advantage of before IT departments cop on.

"In effect, these attackers are doing their own penetration tests on
organizations all the time for their own purposes to see what will and won't
work reliably," he says. "Look at the massive spike in QR code phishing six
months ago — they found a weak point in many tools and tried to exploit it fast
everywhere."

And indeed, use of QR codes to deliver malicious payloads jumped in Q4 2023,
especially against executives, who saw 42 times more QR code phishing than the
average employee.

The emergence of such tactics suggests constant vigilance is needed — and Kowski
points out no technology is perfect, and there is no finish line.

"When this threat is well understood and mitigated all the time, malicious
actors will focus on a different method," he says.


USING AI TO FIGHT AI THREATS

Kowski advises security teams to respond by actively running their own
evaluations and testing with tools to find "unknown unknowns" in their
environments.



"They can't assume their vendor or tool of choice, while effective at the time
they acquired it, will remain effective in time," he cautions. "We expect
attackers to continue to be attackers, to innovate, pivot, and shift their
tactics."

He adds that attack techniques are likely to become more creative, and as email
becomes more secure, attackers are already shifting their attacks to new
environments, including SMS or Teams chat.

Kowski says investment in cybersecurity solutions leveraging ML and AI will be
required to combat AI-powered threats, explaining the volume of attacks is too
high and ever-increasing.

"The economies of the security world necessarily requires investment into
platforms that allow relatively expensive [human] resources to do more with
less," he says. "We rarely hear from security teams that they are getting a
bunch of new people to address these growing concerns."




ABOUT THE AUTHOR(S)

Nathan Eddy, Contributing Writer



Nathan Eddy is a freelance journalist and award-winning documentary filmmaker
specializing in IT security, autonomous vehicle technology, customer experience
technology, and architecture and urban planning. A graduate of Northwestern
University’s Medill School of Journalism, Nathan currently lives in Berlin,
Germany.

See more from Nathan Eddy, Contributing Writer
Keep up with the latest cybersecurity threats, newly discovered vulnerabilities,
data breach information, and emerging trends. Delivered daily or weekly right to
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