Submitted URL: http://oup.com/
Effective URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Submission: On September 19 via manual from CA — Scanned from CA

Summary

This website contacted 6 IPs in 2 countries across 6 domains to perform 51 HTTP transactions. The main IP is 108.128.39.213, located in Dublin, Ireland and belongs to AMAZON-02, US. The main domain is global.oup.com. The Cisco Umbrella rank of the primary domain is 202905.
TLS certificate: Issued by Amazon RSA 2048 M02 on November 22nd 2022. Valid for: a year.
This is the only time global.oup.com was scanned on urlscan.io!

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

IP Address AS Autonomous System
1 1 75.2.119.185 16509 (AMAZON-02)
1 1 54.194.16.255 16509 (AMAZON-02)
1 40 108.128.39.213 16509 (AMAZON-02)
2 172.253.115.95 15169 (GOOGLE)
3 172.253.63.97 15169 (GOOGLE)
2 142.251.16.94 15169 (GOOGLE)
4 216.239.34.178 15169 (GOOGLE)
1 172.253.63.155 15169 (GOOGLE)
51 6
Apex Domain
Subdomains
Transfer
42 oup.com
oup.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 53740
global.oup.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 202905
3 MB
4 google-analytics.com
www.google-analytics.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 96
21 KB
3 googletagmanager.com
www.googletagmanager.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 111
234 KB
2 gstatic.com
fonts.gstatic.com
43 KB
2 googleapis.com
fonts.googleapis.com — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 113
2 KB
1 doubleclick.net
stats.g.doubleclick.net — Cisco Umbrella Rank: 175
345 B
51 6
Domain Requested by
41 global.oup.com 2 redirects global.oup.com
4 www.google-analytics.com www.googletagmanager.com
www.google-analytics.com
3 www.googletagmanager.com global.oup.com
www.googletagmanager.com
www.google-analytics.com
2 fonts.gstatic.com fonts.googleapis.com
2 fonts.googleapis.com global.oup.com
1 stats.g.doubleclick.net www.google-analytics.com
1 oup.com 1 redirects
51 7
Subject Issuer Validity Valid
*.oup.com
Amazon RSA 2048 M02
2022-11-22 -
2023-12-21
a year crt.sh
upload.video.google.com
GTS CA 1C3
2023-08-14 -
2023-11-06
3 months crt.sh
*.google-analytics.com
GTS CA 1C3
2023-08-14 -
2023-11-06
3 months crt.sh
*.gstatic.com
GTS CA 1C3
2023-08-14 -
2023-11-06
3 months crt.sh
*.g.doubleclick.net
GTS CA 1C3
2023-08-14 -
2023-11-06
3 months crt.sh

This page contains 1 frames:

Primary Page: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Frame ID: D3CD11A0B2B4C0275E1A6AA640BEB5D0
Requests: 51 HTTP requests in this frame

Screenshot

Page Title

Oxford University Press - homepage

Page URL History Show full URLs

  1. http://oup.com/ HTTP 301
    http://global.oup.com/ HTTP 302
    https://global.oup.com/ HTTP 302
    https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb Page URL

Detected technologies

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • google-analytics\.com/(?:ga|urchin|analytics)\.js

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • <link[^>]* href=[^>]+fonts\.(?:googleapis|google)\.com

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • googletagmanager\.com/ns\.html[^>]+></iframe>
  • <!-- (?:End )?Google Tag Manager -->
  • googletagmanager\.com/gtm\.js
  • googletagmanager\.com/gtag/js


Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • jquery[.-]([\d.]*\d)[^/]*\.js
  • jquery.*\.js(?:\?ver(?:sion)?=([\d.]+))?

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns
  • jquery-ui.*\.js

Page Statistics

51
Requests

100 %
HTTPS

0 %
IPv6

6
Domains

7
Subdomains

6
IPs

2
Countries

3627 kB
Transfer

4058 kB
Size

8
Cookies

Page URL History

This captures the URL locations of the websites, including HTTP redirects and client-side redirects via JavaScript or Meta fields.

  1. http://oup.com/ HTTP 301
    http://global.oup.com/ HTTP 302
    https://global.oup.com/ HTTP 302
    https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb Page URL

Redirected requests

There were HTTP redirect chains for the following requests:

51 HTTP transactions

Resource
Path
Size
x-fer
Type
MIME-Type
Primary Request /
global.oup.com/
Redirect Chain
  • http://oup.com/
  • http://global.oup.com/
  • https://global.oup.com/
  • https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
71 KB
72 KB
Document
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
9e4ea3784fcb7753186befb8b7f9abd28b1b85d98f207261312dea9fa86c7820
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests
1
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36
accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9

Response headers

cache-control
max-age=0, must-revalidate, s-maxage=0, proxy-revalidate, private
content-language
und
content-type
text/html;charset=utf-8
date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
last-modified
Thu, 20 Jul 2023 10:06:00 GMT
server
Apache
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS

Redirect headers

content-length
0
content-type
text/html;charset=utf-8
date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:38 GMT
location
//global.oup.com?cc=gb
server
Apache
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
jquery-1.9.1.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/
90 KB
91 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
c12f6098e641aaca96c60215800f18f5671039aecf812217fab3c0d152f6adb4
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:14:47 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=14948, max-age=14948
content-length
92629
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 05:14:47 GMT
owl.carousel.min.css
global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/
1 KB
2 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.css
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
6e27e418d9c2ccc70d4603bfd8d3f25548865a5151cc497f309b9028a41c603d
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 28 Feb 2019 09:14:44 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.2"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=29345, max-age=29345
content-length
1256
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 09:14:44 GMT
owl.theme.min.css
global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/
1 KB
2 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.theme.min.css
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
92fa46e8e3ec428728ccca64858f8c24a72c895f55e7d87349a3a1b63f7aba30
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:23:57 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=15498, max-age=15498
content-length
1120
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 05:23:57 GMT
owl.transitions.min.css
global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/
3 KB
4 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.transitions.min.css
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
0c3990ffdb5955c493bb60b31eb066578445a858485e78d0f6e490f6ecf54009
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:23:59 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=15500, max-age=15500
content-length
3512
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 05:23:59 GMT
remodal.min.css
global.oup.com/system/css/
3 KB
3 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/css/remodal.min.css
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
84dda9c30301ce433e5337d41072a84f0aea562a2bfe0ad5f952fe51f999bed5
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:31:33 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=15954, max-age=15954
content-length
2968
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 05:31:33 GMT
styles.min.css
global.oup.com/system/css/
27 KB
27 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
bc1db8d4da964e89c071286db53cb9bd404fbcab69efdf5291227109b51f2db1
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 02 Sep 2021 06:16:52 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.8"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=18673, max-age=18673
content-length
27213
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 06:16:52 GMT
flags_sprite.min.css
global.oup.com/system/css/
23 KB
23 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/css/flags_sprite.min.css
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
be69365d9137a56a6c54816c56abdda7bd41aa3324001b885868d9b0858e3d4c
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:31:25 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=15946, max-age=15946
content-length
23044
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 05:31:25 GMT
css2
fonts.googleapis.com/
837 B
813 B
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Serif+Display&display=swap
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.253.115.95 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
bg-in-f95.1e100.net
Software
ESF /
Resource Hash
9687c17018668c8ce86ad4254b0f3eaee6320b53c81fec3f79d168b01cdd3f69
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000
date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
x-xss-protection
0
last-modified
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 00:07:21 GMT
server
ESF
cross-origin-opener-policy
same-origin-allow-popups
x-frame-options
SAMEORIGIN
content-type
text/css; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
private, max-age=86400, stale-while-revalidate=604800
timing-allow-origin
*
link
<https://fonts.gstatic.com>; rel=preconnect; crossorigin
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
css2
fonts.googleapis.com/
3 KB
749 B
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Open+Sans&display=swap
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.253.115.95 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
bg-in-f95.1e100.net
Software
ESF /
Resource Hash
fa1af1cbf201b91b7b02cc4531ded17078f035ca5daec87e9767ca7edb4b3328
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000
date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
content-encoding
gzip
x-content-type-options
nosniff
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
x-xss-protection
0
last-modified
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 00:05:43 GMT
server
ESF
cross-origin-opener-policy
same-origin-allow-popups
x-frame-options
SAMEORIGIN
content-type
text/css; charset=utf-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
private, max-age=86400, stale-while-revalidate=604800
timing-allow-origin
*
link
<https://fonts.gstatic.com>; rel=preconnect; crossorigin
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
style.cookiepolicy.min.css
global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/
918 B
1 KB
Stylesheet
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/style.cookiepolicy.min.css
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
090d5919ea94c308bf2c2e82e898cd08f10052abf143241f8fda34dbdd3cca43
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:21:33 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=15353, max-age=15353
content-length
918
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 05:21:33 GMT
jquery-ui-autocomplete.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/
20 KB
21 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-ui-autocomplete.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
7286123f25624b78ad837bbe47030c5fff6076574d7117afa270147b9203b73e
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:15:18 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=14979, max-age=14979
content-length
20833
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 05:15:18 GMT
jquery.select-to-autocomplete.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/
4 KB
5 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.select-to-autocomplete.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
ffe8ce92e8ba287fd8f3fb2676e616692d6aaa35b53c203542b25bed2a491da4
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:14:17 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=14918, max-age=14918
content-length
4587
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 05:14:17 GMT
cookie.min.js
global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/
2 KB
2 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/cookiepolicy/js/cookie.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
2a5b6a248ca987f788e4724e39760b169353597c95009c383208c5aeab16ef21
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:22:19 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=15400, max-age=15400
content-length
1568
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 05:22:19 GMT
script.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/
5 KB
6 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/js/script.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
833209d392c98911ceedd6bd22589b39fcb1960ffa1502ed90b8ab3a036583e3
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Tue, 25 Feb 2020 07:38:52 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.3"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=23593, max-age=23593
content-length
5087
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 07:38:52 GMT
remodal.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/
11 KB
12 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/js/remodal.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
3d4e79053d65b7d0883ceb39172b6f414ca5d7256e19b19d6057e9c80762940b
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:17:36 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=15117, max-age=15117
content-length
11612
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 05:17:36 GMT
owl.carousel.min.js
global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/
52 KB
52 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/owl-carousel/owl.carousel.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
fd324d7cb0c93d1870d10a13af4e38db93aa92fdb25585051cc244f753b9ae66
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:26:09 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=15630, max-age=15630
content-length
52795
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 05:26:09 GMT
oup-logo-blue.svg
global.oup.com/system/images/
8 KB
8 KB
Image
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/oup-logo-blue.svg
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
d462b15ab4567fde4505b4b0e1f75c6ccfbdb1e6a5432b69e5ebcb0842e37af7
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 02 Sep 2021 06:11:55 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.5"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
image/svg+xml
cache-control
s-maxage=18376, max-age=18376
content-length
8045
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 06:11:55 GMT
gbflag.gif
global.oup.com/system/images/flags/
397 B
975 B
Image
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/flags/gbflag.gif
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
773752d04dd73a4f6285e239ae05972e4878a7ea9fc3c4a2247f91eb81af525d
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Wed, 06 Jul 2011 16:42:20 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.3"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
image/gif
cache-control
s-maxage=56201, max-age=56201
content-length
397
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 16:42:20 GMT
11007984
global.oup.com/system/images/banners/
34 KB
35 KB
Image
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/11007984
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
ee0a33a379078f542df0697eb5d93f345a765a36bfb13749a8d020b9b7a0213c
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 20 Jul 2023 10:03:35 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.2"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
image/jpeg
cache-control
s-maxage=32275, max-age=32275
content-length
35268
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 10:03:35 GMT
11007402
global.oup.com/system/images/banners/
67 KB
67 KB
Image
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/11007402
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
d685dbb6575c64cdd4b0f44e9d7ee5cdce092f757ebd614fece905a7595eb6b6
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Tue, 30 May 2023 16:25:16 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.3"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
image/jpeg
cache-control
s-maxage=55177, max-age=55177
content-length
68225
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 16:25:16 GMT
rpr-2022-23-commit-hero
global.oup.com/system/images/banners/
2 MB
2 MB
Image
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/rpr-2022-23-commit-hero
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
2e26b491c8f78d20963379f3bc2fb09bbcc520d4db5aaa489f6445ad40fab3af
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Wed, 24 May 2023 12:52:16 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.2"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
image/jpeg
cache-control
s-maxage=42396, max-age=42396
content-length
2098338
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 12:52:16 GMT
11006839
global.oup.com/system/images/banners/
553 KB
554 KB
Image
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/11006839
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
5aa61b539b0a5ad28a7b8ab35aaca58e77c0d06fb4c5c12e88745fb042cf749d
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 23 Mar 2023 09:07:56 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.2"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
image/jpeg
cache-control
s-maxage=28936, max-age=28936
content-length
566204
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 09:07:56 GMT
11005245
global.oup.com/system/images/banners/
68 KB
69 KB
Image
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/11005245
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
a4a808a5a5c896c0cd977329765d7a2ac6e6d1b2dd88f026c74d7778493c40e1
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Mon, 27 Jun 2022 14:42:17 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.2"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
image/png
cache-control
s-maxage=48997, max-age=48997
content-length
69913
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 14:42:17 GMT
11003736
global.oup.com/system/images/banners/
18 KB
18 KB
Image
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/11003736
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
909187fdbfbabc5692f80bffac2210987a8e3a6f4443ad640f803f12f98b97de
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Tue, 31 Aug 2021 15:58:49 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.2"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
image/jpeg
cache-control
s-maxage=53590, max-age=53590
content-length
18228
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 15:58:49 GMT
11003732
global.oup.com/system/images/banners/
21 KB
21 KB
Image
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/11003732
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
16326720506de9ef964a9467653d2cea020de62b5b64e8f1d128ca0423f5b412
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Tue, 31 Aug 2021 15:56:43 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.2"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
image/jpeg
cache-control
s-maxage=53463, max-age=53463
content-length
21339
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 15:56:43 GMT
11003832
global.oup.com/system/images/banners/
14 KB
14 KB
Image
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/11003832
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
2be0ee97eb122d8e604bf534d4c2df0a9f678dd552792382b28be113cc1b4e59
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Mon, 06 Sep 2021 07:33:03 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.2"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
image/jpeg
cache-control
s-maxage=23243, max-age=23243
content-length
14175
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 07:33:03 GMT
The_way_we_work.jpg
global.oup.com/system/images/banners/
7 KB
8 KB
Image
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/banners/The_way_we_work.jpg
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
efee611fc6956d340717a2233cd5f5e41a03535cc1fcebbfd198727e90a0b034
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Wed, 03 Aug 2022 11:37:04 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.2"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
image/jpeg
cache-control
s-maxage=37884, max-age=37884
content-length
7295
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 11:37:04 GMT
instagram_icon
global.oup.com/system/images/
49 KB
50 KB
Image
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/instagram_icon
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
cdededd761992cecf367794f26f529d7adc947103c6275d64c0e28c336a2bf09
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Fri, 23 Aug 2019 13:06:24 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.5"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
image/png
cache-control
s-maxage=43244, max-age=43244
content-length
50132
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 13:06:24 GMT
youtube_icon
global.oup.com/system/images/
10 KB
11 KB
Image
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/youtube_icon
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
e6adcbd03d351741086dc62c697f4abe7ca1eb0650c641039fb2ebf7572ecb3e
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Fri, 23 Aug 2019 13:10:41 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.2"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
image/png
cache-control
s-maxage=43502, max-age=43502
content-length
10248
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 13:10:41 GMT
twitter_icon
global.oup.com/system/images/
16 KB
17 KB
Image
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/twitter_icon
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
8d7ce325f8fdc255cd8195073017a196aec58d3f96331833c0735c0cf071733d
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Fri, 23 Aug 2019 13:08:57 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.2"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
image/png
cache-control
s-maxage=43397, max-age=43397
content-length
16521
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 13:08:57 GMT
linkedin_icon
global.oup.com/system/images/
14 KB
15 KB
Image
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/linkedin_icon
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
5fe3760be162170660aa54c6103a668db4141ed90d5ebcd6216fa101a52f3d43
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Fri, 23 Aug 2019 13:08:07 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.2"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
image/png
cache-control
s-maxage=43347, max-age=43347
content-length
14473
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 13:08:07 GMT
mobilenav.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/
3 KB
3 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/js/mobilenav.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
c16ee72f7b11c40c1ca9270033da98b840e0a4b0cff4d013189f0b83de45b70f
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:15:52 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=15012, max-age=15012
content-length
2706
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 05:15:52 GMT
scriptsShowHide.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/
2 KB
3 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/js/scriptsShowHide.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
2f146b6e5cdbb23b9319a2d6a502bbbe381c254477761a3796af378c8c535e39
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:19:09 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=15209, max-age=15209
content-length
2498
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 05:19:09 GMT
jquery.cycle.all.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/
31 KB
32 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.cycle.all.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
f448d0689ede5081af0a83a8585c98e7dc4d287808bfa13c5f53d34ff8d1b3e3
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:10:54 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=14715, max-age=14715
content-length
32067
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 05:10:54 GMT
jquery.jcarousel.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/
12 KB
12 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.jcarousel.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
2bab26630399056fe849edd351e60886b8caa879f050e8fe6f23bca9435a532b
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:11:35 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=14755, max-age=14755
content-length
12199
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 05:11:35 GMT
jquery.maphilight.min.js
global.oup.com/system/js/
6 KB
7 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery.maphilight.min.js
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
025d147e080932ef2c87381448202100cc6a5d8aad452d370623c090f4ead4a7
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:12:08 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.1"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/css
cache-control
s-maxage=14788, max-age=14788
content-length
6184
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 05:12:08 GMT
gtm.js
www.googletagmanager.com/
187 KB
68 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MPPNRWR
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.253.63.97 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
bi-in-f97.1e100.net
Software
Google Tag Manager /
Resource Hash
b892be54ed55e9b22154aa91669b39d9ccb41ebee3fa100e2b0aca52317eac91
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
content-encoding
br
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
69688
x-xss-protection
0
last-modified
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT
server
Google Tag Manager
vary
Accept-Encoding
content-type
application/javascript; charset=UTF-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
private, max-age=900
access-control-allow-credentials
true
access-control-allow-headers
Cache-Control
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
arrowDownWhite.svg
global.oup.com/system/images/
2 KB
2 KB
Image
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowDownWhite.svg
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
dc547de5d2d6b0cd7d0e29c5bfbf213c15e2b888a09b29bdf90259ba45167f33
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:56:49 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.3"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
image/svg+xml
cache-control
s-maxage=17469, max-age=17469
content-length
1640
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 05:56:49 GMT
arrowPlusWhite.svg
global.oup.com/system/images/
623 B
1 KB
Image
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowPlusWhite.svg
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
11a2d33c8fe1cb5087de9d858e3a7d31013e35f5d9f79c43b720922e4ca02dd5
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:56:52 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.3"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
image/svg+xml
cache-control
s-maxage=17472, max-age=17472
content-length
623
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 05:56:52 GMT
arrowUpBlack.svg
global.oup.com/system/images/
851 B
1 KB
Image
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/system/images/arrowUpBlack.svg
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
d4daea8c3ad6302906c6288a8dbf1c78df9798547cd4cf3304a9cada8bdc31cb
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/system/css/styles.min.css
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
last-modified
Thu, 19 Jan 2017 05:56:42 GMT
server
Apache
etag
"1.3"
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
image/svg+xml
cache-control
s-maxage=17462, max-age=17462
content-length
851
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 05:56:42 GMT
memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4gaVI.woff2
fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v36/
18 KB
19 KB
Font
General
Full URL
https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/opensans/v36/memSYaGs126MiZpBA-UvWbX2vVnXBbObj2OVZyOOSr4dVJWUgsjZ0B4gaVI.woff2
Requested by
Host: fonts.googleapis.com
URL: https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Open+Sans&display=swap
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
142.251.16.94 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
bl-in-f94.1e100.net
Software
sffe /
Resource Hash
441e23601fe7525a142857c98cbb2784997579d51a17f736d7964dceee609709
Security Headers
Name Value
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

Referer
https://fonts.googleapis.com/
Origin
https://global.oup.com
accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Mon, 18 Sep 2023 19:56:49 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
age
18530
content-security-policy-report-only
require-trusted-types-for 'script'; report-uri https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/apps-themes
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
18664
x-xss-protection
0
last-modified
Thu, 14 Sep 2023 01:36:18 GMT
server
sffe
cross-origin-opener-policy
same-origin; report-to="apps-themes"
report-to
{"group":"apps-themes","max_age":2592000,"endpoints":[{"url":"https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/report-to/apps-themes"}]}
content-type
font/woff2
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
public, max-age=31536000
accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
expires
Tue, 17 Sep 2024 19:56:49 GMT
-nFnOHM81r4j6k0gjAW3mujVU2B2G_Bx0g.woff2
fonts.gstatic.com/s/dmserifdisplay/v15/
24 KB
24 KB
Font
General
Full URL
https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/dmserifdisplay/v15/-nFnOHM81r4j6k0gjAW3mujVU2B2G_Bx0g.woff2
Requested by
Host: fonts.googleapis.com
URL: https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Serif+Display&display=swap
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
142.251.16.94 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
bl-in-f94.1e100.net
Software
sffe /
Resource Hash
8b0ceabdff07806ce949c228d047d0824bca1bec4c3c3f83ac2cd077a24e55e5
Security Headers
Name Value
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

Referer
https://fonts.googleapis.com/
Origin
https://global.oup.com
accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Fri, 15 Sep 2023 05:32:29 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
age
329590
content-security-policy-report-only
require-trusted-types-for 'script'; report-uri https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/apps-themes
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
24768
x-xss-protection
0
last-modified
Thu, 24 Aug 2023 17:45:35 GMT
server
sffe
cross-origin-opener-policy
same-origin; report-to="apps-themes"
report-to
{"group":"apps-themes","max_age":2592000,"endpoints":[{"url":"https://csp.withgoogle.com/csp/report-to/apps-themes"}]}
content-type
font/woff2
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
public, max-age=31536000
accept-ranges
bytes
timing-allow-origin
*
expires
Sat, 14 Sep 2024 05:32:29 GMT
implied
global.oup.com/cookiealert/en/
898 B
1 KB
XHR
General
Full URL
https://global.oup.com/cookiealert/en/implied
Requested by
Host: global.oup.com
URL: https://global.oup.com/system/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.2, ECDHE_RSA, AES_128_GCM
Server
108.128.39.213 Dublin, Ireland, ASN16509 (AMAZON-02, US),
Reverse DNS
ec2-108-128-39-213.eu-west-1.compute.amazonaws.com
Software
Apache /
Resource Hash
d7e5b4b82b9f26e8ddd962b84169eeb7bb4a83cfc8af4b408a18a88873d2bcb9
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Request headers

Accept
text/plain, */*; q=0.01
Referer
https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;
server
Apache
vary
User-Agent
x-cache
MISS
content-type
text/plain
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
max-age=86400, max-age=172800
expires
Thu, 21 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
analytics.js
www.google-analytics.com/
52 KB
21 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js
Requested by
Host: www.googletagmanager.com
URL: https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MPPNRWR
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
216.239.34.178 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Golfe2 /
Resource Hash
de36e50194320a7d3ef1ace9bd34a875a8bd458b253c061979dd628e9bf49afd
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=10886400; includeSubDomains; preload
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

strict-transport-security
max-age=10886400; includeSubDomains; preload
content-encoding
gzip
x-content-type-options
nosniff
date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 00:16:29 GMT
last-modified
Mon, 12 Jun 2023 18:23:07 GMT
server
Golfe2
age
2951
vary
Accept-Encoding
content-type
text/javascript
cache-control
public, max-age=7200
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
20994
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 02:16:29 GMT
js
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/
253 KB
87 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-MMKNTB48XS&l=dataLayer&cx=c
Requested by
Host: www.googletagmanager.com
URL: https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-MPPNRWR
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.253.63.97 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
bi-in-f97.1e100.net
Software
Google Tag Manager /
Resource Hash
d0a395f4b2b08c2acec4b935239a8bda0ccb538855c738ed6c01d6cfe43b17f2
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
content-encoding
br
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
server
Google Tag Manager
vary
Accept-Encoding
content-type
application/javascript; charset=UTF-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
private, max-age=900
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
access-control-allow-headers
Cache-Control
content-length
88690
x-xss-protection
0
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:39 GMT
collect
www.google-analytics.com/g/
0
170 B
Ping
General
Full URL
https://www.google-analytics.com/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-MMKNTB48XS&gtm=45je39d0&_p=1099792158&cid=1298515259.1695085540&ul=en-us&sr=1600x1200&uaa=&uab=&uafvl=&uamb=0&uam=&uap=&uapv=&uaw=0&_s=1&sid=1695085540&sct=1&seg=0&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2F%3Fcc%3Dgb&dt=Oxford%20University%20Press%20-%20homepage&en=page_view&_fv=1&_nsi=1&_ss=1
Requested by
Host: www.googletagmanager.com
URL: https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-MMKNTB48XS&l=dataLayer&cx=c
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
216.239.34.178 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Golfe2 /
Resource Hash
e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:40 GMT
server
Golfe2
content-type
text/plain
access-control-allow-origin
https://global.oup.com
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
0
expires
Fri, 01 Jan 1990 00:00:00 GMT
collect
www.google-analytics.com/j/
16 B
107 B
XHR
General
Full URL
https://www.google-analytics.com/j/collect?v=1&_v=j101&a=1099792158&t=pageview&_s=1&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2F%3Fcc%3Dgb&ul=en-us&de=UTF-8&dt=Oxford%20University%20Press%20-%20homepage&sd=24-bit&sr=1600x1200&vp=1600x1200&je=0&_u=YADAAEABAAAAACAAI~&jid=1974149588&gjid=316849010&cid=1298515259.1695085540&tid=UA-117501043-1&_gid=1446166315.1695085540&_r=1&_slc=1&gtm=45He39d0n81MPPNRWR&z=2034419371
Requested by
Host: www.google-analytics.com
URL: https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
216.239.34.178 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Golfe2 /
Resource Hash
7ecfec74b5eeaddebf57505bba5c09172d2172f422220988c71f6f0c708710f0
Security Headers
Name Value
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

Referer
https://global.oup.com/
accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36
Content-Type
text/plain

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:40 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
last-modified
Sun, 17 May 1998 03:00:00 GMT
server
Golfe2
content-type
text/plain
access-control-allow-origin
https://global.oup.com
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
16
expires
Fri, 01 Jan 1990 00:00:00 GMT
collect
stats.g.doubleclick.net/j/
1 B
345 B
XHR
General
Full URL
https://stats.g.doubleclick.net/j/collect?t=dc&aip=1&_r=3&v=1&_v=j101&tid=UA-117501043-1&cid=1298515259.1695085540&jid=1974149588&gjid=316849010&_gid=1446166315.1695085540&_u=YADAAEAAAAAAACAAI~&z=1071800753
Requested by
Host: www.google-analytics.com
URL: https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js
Protocol
H2
Security
TLS 1.3, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.253.63.155 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
bi-in-f155.1e100.net
Software
Golfe2 /
Resource Hash
6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f5747ada4eaa22f1d49c01e52ddb7875b4b
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=10886400; includeSubDomains; preload
X-Content-Type-Options nosniff

Request headers

Referer
https://global.oup.com/
accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36
Content-Type
text/plain

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
strict-transport-security
max-age=10886400; includeSubDomains; preload
date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:40 GMT
x-content-type-options
nosniff
last-modified
Sun, 17 May 1998 03:00:00 GMT
server
Golfe2
content-type
text/plain
access-control-allow-origin
https://global.oup.com
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
1
expires
Fri, 01 Jan 1990 00:00:00 GMT
js
www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/
218 KB
79 KB
Script
General
Full URL
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-MM7F1GM7PL&cx=c&_slc=1
Requested by
Host: www.google-analytics.com
URL: https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
172.253.63.97 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
bi-in-f97.1e100.net
Software
Google Tag Manager /
Resource Hash
3467eaa0c705604239e94685a52c3bc6f09cb3aad4d8ac780029b6f895c67da0
Security Headers
Name Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
X-Xss-Protection 0

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:40 GMT
content-encoding
br
strict-transport-security
max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains
server
Google Tag Manager
vary
Accept-Encoding
content-type
application/javascript; charset=UTF-8
access-control-allow-origin
*
cache-control
private, max-age=900
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
access-control-allow-headers
Cache-Control
content-length
80589
x-xss-protection
0
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
expires
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:40 GMT
collect
www.google-analytics.com/g/
0
17 B
Ping
General
Full URL
https://www.google-analytics.com/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-MM7F1GM7PL&gtm=45je39d0&_p=1099792158&ul=en-us&sr=1600x1200&cid=1298515259.1695085540&uaa=&uab=&uafvl=&uamb=0&uam=&uap=&uapv=&uaw=0&_eu=ABAI&_s=1&dl=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2F%3Fcc%3Dgb&dt=Oxford%20University%20Press%20-%20homepage&sid=1695085540&sct=1&seg=0&en=page_view&_fv=1&_ss=1&_ee=1
Requested by
Host: www.googletagmanager.com
URL: https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-MM7F1GM7PL&cx=c&_slc=1
Protocol
H3
Security
QUIC, , AES_128_GCM
Server
216.239.34.178 , United States, ASN15169 (GOOGLE, US),
Reverse DNS
Software
Golfe2 /
Resource Hash
e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855

Request headers

accept-language
en-CA,en;q=0.9
Referer
https://global.oup.com/
User-Agent
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/117.0.5938.88 Safari/537.36

Response headers

pragma
no-cache
date
Tue, 19 Sep 2023 01:05:40 GMT
server
Golfe2
content-type
text/plain
access-control-allow-origin
https://global.oup.com
cache-control
no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
access-control-allow-credentials
true
cross-origin-resource-policy
cross-origin
alt-svc
h3=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-29=":443"; ma=2592000
content-length
0
expires
Fri, 01 Jan 1990 00:00:00 GMT

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

24 JavaScript Global Variables

These are the non-standard "global" variables defined on the window object. These can be helpful in identifying possible client-side frameworks and code.

object| documentPictureInPicture function| $ function| jQuery object| dataLayer string| oupcookiepolicy_siteid string| oupcookiepolicy_messagetype string| oupcookiepolicy_preferredlanguage string| oupcookiepolicy_impliedmessageclass string| oupcookiepolicy_documentroot function| Cookies object| FirstCurtainMenu object| SecondCurtainMenu object| SearchBar function| showHide function| showHideTwo object| jQuery19109561843984187552 object| google_tag_manager object| google_tag_data string| GoogleAnalyticsObject function| ga function| onYouTubeIframeAPIReady object| gaGlobal object| gaplugins object| gaData

8 Cookies

Domain/Path Name / Value
global.oup.com/ Name: JSESSIONID
Value: 9FD775BEF128FDEED1627FB3CE7C0846
global.oup.com/ Name: AWSALB
Value: 6stRgVpK8yA05O4gCSPF7vHhXa5BexIZonIubvlh5CDgRsIOPeJWqac12sf6gML4xvBx16bxxfpNutjOHUw4XIr4SHgWmmE5G3VA2eeOtYfD6T819u8eS3DWOqNf
.oup.com/ Name: _ga_MMKNTB48XS
Value: GS1.1.1695085540.1.0.1695085540.0.0.0
global.oup.com/ Name: oup-cookie
Value: 18-9-2023
.oup.com/ Name: _ga
Value: GA1.2.1298515259.1695085540
.oup.com/ Name: _gid
Value: GA1.2.1446166315.1695085540
.oup.com/ Name: _gat_UA-117501043-1
Value: 1
.oup.com/ Name: _ga_MM7F1GM7PL
Value: GS1.2.1695085540.1.0.1695085540.0.0.0

8 Console Messages

Source Level URL
Text
security warning URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Message:
Mixed Content: The page at 'https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb' was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure element 'http://global.oup.com/system/images/instagram_icon'. This request was automatically upgraded to HTTPS, For more information see https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html
security warning URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Message:
Mixed Content: The page at 'https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb' was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure element 'http://global.oup.com/system/images/youtube_icon'. This request was automatically upgraded to HTTPS, For more information see https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html
security warning URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Message:
Mixed Content: The page at 'https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb' was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure element 'http://global.oup.com/system/images/twitter_icon'. This request was automatically upgraded to HTTPS, For more information see https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html
security warning URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb
Message:
Mixed Content: The page at 'https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb' was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure element 'http://global.oup.com/system/images/linkedin_icon'. This request was automatically upgraded to HTTPS, For more information see https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html
security warning URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb(Line 2513)
Message:
Mixed Content: The page at 'https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb' was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure element 'http://global.oup.com/system/images/instagram_icon'. This request was automatically upgraded to HTTPS, For more information see https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html
security warning URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb(Line 2513)
Message:
Mixed Content: The page at 'https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb' was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure element 'http://global.oup.com/system/images/youtube_icon'. This request was automatically upgraded to HTTPS, For more information see https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html
security warning URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb(Line 2513)
Message:
Mixed Content: The page at 'https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb' was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure element 'http://global.oup.com/system/images/twitter_icon'. This request was automatically upgraded to HTTPS, For more information see https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html
security warning URL: https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb(Line 2513)
Message:
Mixed Content: The page at 'https://global.oup.com/?cc=gb' was loaded over HTTPS, but requested an insecure element 'http://global.oup.com/system/images/linkedin_icon'. This request was automatically upgraded to HTTPS, For more information see https://blog.chromium.org/2019/10/no-more-mixed-messages-about-https.html

Security Headers

This page lists any security headers set by the main page. If you want to understand what these mean and how to use them, head on over to this page

Header Value
Strict-Transport-Security max-age=31536000;includeSubDomains;

Indicators

This is a term in the security industry to describe indicators such as IPs, Domains, Hashes, etc. This does not imply that any of these indicate malicious activity.

fonts.googleapis.com
fonts.gstatic.com
global.oup.com
oup.com
stats.g.doubleclick.net
www.google-analytics.com
www.googletagmanager.com
108.128.39.213
142.251.16.94
172.253.115.95
172.253.63.155
172.253.63.97
216.239.34.178
54.194.16.255
75.2.119.185
025d147e080932ef2c87381448202100cc6a5d8aad452d370623c090f4ead4a7
090d5919ea94c308bf2c2e82e898cd08f10052abf143241f8fda34dbdd3cca43
0c3990ffdb5955c493bb60b31eb066578445a858485e78d0f6e490f6ecf54009
11a2d33c8fe1cb5087de9d858e3a7d31013e35f5d9f79c43b720922e4ca02dd5
16326720506de9ef964a9467653d2cea020de62b5b64e8f1d128ca0423f5b412
2a5b6a248ca987f788e4724e39760b169353597c95009c383208c5aeab16ef21
2bab26630399056fe849edd351e60886b8caa879f050e8fe6f23bca9435a532b
2be0ee97eb122d8e604bf534d4c2df0a9f678dd552792382b28be113cc1b4e59
2e26b491c8f78d20963379f3bc2fb09bbcc520d4db5aaa489f6445ad40fab3af
2f146b6e5cdbb23b9319a2d6a502bbbe381c254477761a3796af378c8c535e39
3467eaa0c705604239e94685a52c3bc6f09cb3aad4d8ac780029b6f895c67da0
3d4e79053d65b7d0883ceb39172b6f414ca5d7256e19b19d6057e9c80762940b
441e23601fe7525a142857c98cbb2784997579d51a17f736d7964dceee609709
5aa61b539b0a5ad28a7b8ab35aaca58e77c0d06fb4c5c12e88745fb042cf749d
5fe3760be162170660aa54c6103a668db4141ed90d5ebcd6216fa101a52f3d43
6b86b273ff34fce19d6b804eff5a3f5747ada4eaa22f1d49c01e52ddb7875b4b
6e27e418d9c2ccc70d4603bfd8d3f25548865a5151cc497f309b9028a41c603d
7286123f25624b78ad837bbe47030c5fff6076574d7117afa270147b9203b73e
773752d04dd73a4f6285e239ae05972e4878a7ea9fc3c4a2247f91eb81af525d
7ecfec74b5eeaddebf57505bba5c09172d2172f422220988c71f6f0c708710f0
833209d392c98911ceedd6bd22589b39fcb1960ffa1502ed90b8ab3a036583e3
84dda9c30301ce433e5337d41072a84f0aea562a2bfe0ad5f952fe51f999bed5
8b0ceabdff07806ce949c228d047d0824bca1bec4c3c3f83ac2cd077a24e55e5
8d7ce325f8fdc255cd8195073017a196aec58d3f96331833c0735c0cf071733d
909187fdbfbabc5692f80bffac2210987a8e3a6f4443ad640f803f12f98b97de
92fa46e8e3ec428728ccca64858f8c24a72c895f55e7d87349a3a1b63f7aba30
9687c17018668c8ce86ad4254b0f3eaee6320b53c81fec3f79d168b01cdd3f69
9e4ea3784fcb7753186befb8b7f9abd28b1b85d98f207261312dea9fa86c7820
a4a808a5a5c896c0cd977329765d7a2ac6e6d1b2dd88f026c74d7778493c40e1
b892be54ed55e9b22154aa91669b39d9ccb41ebee3fa100e2b0aca52317eac91
bc1db8d4da964e89c071286db53cb9bd404fbcab69efdf5291227109b51f2db1
be69365d9137a56a6c54816c56abdda7bd41aa3324001b885868d9b0858e3d4c
c12f6098e641aaca96c60215800f18f5671039aecf812217fab3c0d152f6adb4
c16ee72f7b11c40c1ca9270033da98b840e0a4b0cff4d013189f0b83de45b70f
cdededd761992cecf367794f26f529d7adc947103c6275d64c0e28c336a2bf09
d0a395f4b2b08c2acec4b935239a8bda0ccb538855c738ed6c01d6cfe43b17f2
d462b15ab4567fde4505b4b0e1f75c6ccfbdb1e6a5432b69e5ebcb0842e37af7
d4daea8c3ad6302906c6288a8dbf1c78df9798547cd4cf3304a9cada8bdc31cb
d685dbb6575c64cdd4b0f44e9d7ee5cdce092f757ebd614fece905a7595eb6b6
d7e5b4b82b9f26e8ddd962b84169eeb7bb4a83cfc8af4b408a18a88873d2bcb9
dc547de5d2d6b0cd7d0e29c5bfbf213c15e2b888a09b29bdf90259ba45167f33
de36e50194320a7d3ef1ace9bd34a875a8bd458b253c061979dd628e9bf49afd
e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855
e6adcbd03d351741086dc62c697f4abe7ca1eb0650c641039fb2ebf7572ecb3e
ee0a33a379078f542df0697eb5d93f345a765a36bfb13749a8d020b9b7a0213c
efee611fc6956d340717a2233cd5f5e41a03535cc1fcebbfd198727e90a0b034
f448d0689ede5081af0a83a8585c98e7dc4d287808bfa13c5f53d34ff8d1b3e3
fa1af1cbf201b91b7b02cc4531ded17078f035ca5daec87e9767ca7edb4b3328
fd324d7cb0c93d1870d10a13af4e38db93aa92fdb25585051cc244f753b9ae66
ffe8ce92e8ba287fd8f3fb2676e616692d6aaa35b53c203542b25bed2a491da4