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Submission: On September 16 via manual from IN — Scanned from DE
Effective URL: https://www.mdpi.com/
Submission: On September 16 via manual from IN — Scanned from DE
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<option value="acoustics"> Acoustics </option>
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<option value="admsci"> Administrative Sciences </option>
<option value="adolescents"> Adolescents </option>
<option value="aerospace"> Aerospace </option>
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<option value="appliedmath"> AppliedMath </option>
<option value="aquacj"> Aquaculture Journal </option>
<option value="architecture"> Architecture </option>
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<option value="astronomy"> Astronomy </option>
<option value="atmosphere"> Atmosphere </option>
<option value="atoms"> Atoms </option>
<option value="audiolres"> Audiology Research </option>
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<option value="axioms"> Axioms </option>
<option value="batteries"> Batteries </option>
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<option value="biomedicines"> Biomedicines </option>
<option value="biomedinformatics"> BioMedInformatics </option>
<option value="biomimetics"> Biomimetics </option>
<option value="biomolecules"> Biomolecules </option>
<option value="biophysica"> Biophysica </option>
<option value="biosensors"> Biosensors </option>
<option value="biotech"> BioTech </option>
<option value="birds"> Birds </option>
<option value="brainsci"> Brain Sciences </option>
<option value="buildings"> Buildings </option>
<option value="businesses"> Businesses </option>
<option value="carbon"> C </option>
<option value="cancers"> Cancers </option>
<option value="cardiogenetics"> Cardiogenetics </option>
<option value="catalysts"> Catalysts </option>
<option value="cells"> Cells </option>
<option value="ceramics"> Ceramics </option>
<option value="challenges"> Challenges </option>
<option value="ChemEngineering"> ChemEngineering </option>
<option value="chemistry"> Chemistry </option>
<option value="chemproc"> Chemistry Proceedings </option>
<option value="chemosensors"> Chemosensors </option>
<option value="children"> Children </option>
<option value="chips"> Chips </option>
<option value="civileng"> CivilEng </option>
<option value="cleantechnol"> Clean Technologies (Clean Technol.) </option>
<option value="climate"> Climate </option>
<option value="ctn"> Clinical and Translational Neuroscience (CTN) </option>
<option value="clinpract"> Clinics and Practice </option>
<option value="clockssleep"> Clocks & Sleep </option>
<option value="coatings"> Coatings </option>
<option value="colloids"> Colloids and Interfaces </option>
<option value="colorants"> Colorants </option>
<option value="compounds"> Compounds </option>
<option value="computation"> Computation </option>
<option value="computers"> Computers </option>
<option value="condensedmatter"> Condensed Matter </option>
<option value="conservation"> Conservation </option>
<option value="constrmater"> Construction Materials </option>
<option value="cmd"> Corrosion and Materials Degradation (CMD) </option>
<option value="cosmetics"> Cosmetics </option>
<option value="covid"> COVID </option>
<option value="crops"> Crops </option>
<option value="cryptography"> Cryptography </option>
<option value="crystals"> Crystals </option>
<option value="cimb"> Current Issues in Molecular Biology (CIMB) </option>
<option value="curroncol"> Current Oncology </option>
<option value="dairy"> Dairy </option>
<option value="data"> Data </option>
<option value="dentistry"> Dentistry Journal </option>
<option value="dermato"> Dermato </option>
<option value="dermatopathology"> Dermatopathology </option>
<option value="designs"> Designs </option>
<option value="diabetology"> Diabetology </option>
<option value="diagnostics"> Diagnostics </option>
<option value="dietetics"> Dietetics </option>
<option value="digital"> Digital </option>
<option value="disabilities"> Disabilities </option>
<option value="diseases"> Diseases </option>
<option value="diversity"> Diversity </option>
<option value="dna"> DNA </option>
<option value="drones"> Drones </option>
<option value="dynamics"> Dynamics </option>
<option value="earth"> Earth </option>
<option value="ecologies"> Ecologies </option>
<option value="econometrics"> Econometrics </option>
<option value="economies"> Economies </option>
<option value="education"> Education Sciences </option>
<option value="electricity"> Electricity </option>
<option value="electrochem"> Electrochem </option>
<option value="electronicmat"> Electronic Materials </option>
<option value="electronics"> Electronics </option>
<option value="encyclopedia"> Encyclopedia </option>
<option value="endocrines"> Endocrines </option>
<option value="energies"> Energies </option>
<option value="eng"> Eng </option>
<option value="engproc"> Engineering Proceedings </option>
<option value="entropy"> Entropy </option>
<option value="environsciproc"> Environmental Sciences Proceedings </option>
<option value="environments"> Environments </option>
<option value="epidemiologia"> Epidemiologia </option>
<option value="epigenomes"> Epigenomes </option>
<option value="ebj"> European Burn Journal (EBJ) </option>
<option value="ejihpe"> European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE) </option>
<option value="fermentation"> Fermentation </option>
<option value="fibers"> Fibers </option>
<option value="fire"> Fire </option>
<option value="fishes"> Fishes </option>
<option value="fluids"> Fluids </option>
<option value="foods"> Foods </option>
<option value="forecasting"> Forecasting </option>
<option value="forensicsci"> Forensic Sciences </option>
<option value="forests"> Forests </option>
<option value="foundations"> Foundations </option>
<option value="fractalfract"> Fractal and Fractional (Fractal Fract) </option>
<option value="fuels"> Fuels </option>
<option value="futureinternet"> Future Internet </option>
<option value="futurepharmacol"> Future Pharmacology </option>
<option value="futuretransp"> Future Transportation </option>
<option value="galaxies"> Galaxies </option>
<option value="games"> Games </option>
<option value="gases"> Gases </option>
<option value="gastroent"> Gastroenterology Insights </option>
<option value="gastrointestdisord"> Gastrointestinal Disorders (GastrointestDisord) </option>
<option value="gels"> Gels </option>
<option value="genealogy"> Genealogy </option>
<option value="genes"> Genes </option>
<option value="geographies"> Geographies </option>
<option value="geohazards"> GeoHazards </option>
<option value="geomatics"> Geomatics </option>
<option value="geosciences"> Geosciences </option>
<option value="geotechnics"> Geotechnics </option>
<option value="geriatrics"> Geriatrics </option>
<option value="healthcare"> Healthcare </option>
<option value="hearts"> Hearts </option>
<option value="hemato"> Hemato </option>
<option value="heritage"> Heritage </option>
<option value="histories"> Histories </option>
<option value="horticulturae"> Horticulturae </option>
<option value="humanities"> Humanities </option>
<option value="humans"> Humans </option>
<option value="hydrobiology"> Hydrobiology </option>
<option value="hydrogen"> Hydrogen </option>
<option value="hydrology"> Hydrology </option>
<option value="hygiene"> Hygiene </option>
<option value="immuno"> Immuno </option>
<option value="idr"> Infectious Disease Reports </option>
<option value="informatics"> Informatics </option>
<option value="information"> Information </option>
<option value="infrastructures"> Infrastructures </option>
<option value="inorganics"> Inorganics </option>
<option value="insects"> Insects </option>
<option value="instruments"> Instruments </option>
<option value="ijerph"> International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) </option>
<option value="ijfs"> International Journal of Financial Studies (IJFS) </option>
<option value="ijms"> International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) </option>
<option value="IJNS"> International Journal of Neonatal Screening (IJNS) </option>
<option value="ijtm"> International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM) </option>
<option value="ijtpp"> International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP) </option>
<option value="inventions"> Inventions </option>
<option value="IoT"> IoT </option>
<option value="ijgi"> ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI) </option>
<option value="J"> J </option>
<option value="jal"> Journal of Ageing and Longevity (JAL) </option>
<option value="jcdd"> Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD) </option>
<option value="jcm"> Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM) </option>
<option value="jcs"> Journal of Composites Science (J. Compos. Sci.) </option>
<option value="jcp"> Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy (JCP) </option>
<option value="jdb"> Journal of Developmental Biology (JDB) </option>
<option value="jfb"> Journal of Functional Biomaterials (JFB) </option>
<option value="jfmk"> Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (JFMK) </option>
<option value="jof"> Journal of Fungi (JoF) </option>
<option value="jimaging"> Journal of Imaging (J. Imaging) </option>
<option value="jintelligence"> Journal of Intelligence (J. Intell.) </option>
<option value="jlpea"> Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications (JLPEA) </option>
<option value="jmmp"> Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (JMMP) </option>
<option value="jmse"> Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (JMSE) </option>
<option value="jmp"> Journal of Molecular Pathology (JMP) </option>
<option value="jnt"> Journal of Nanotheranostics (JNT) </option>
<option value="jne"> Journal of Nuclear Engineering (JNE) </option>
<option value="JOItmC"> Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity (JOItmC) </option>
<option value="ohbm"> Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine (OHBM) </option>
<option value="jpm"> Journal of Personalized Medicine (JPM) </option>
<option value="jor"> Journal of Respiration (JoR) </option>
<option value="jrfm"> Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM) </option>
<option value="jsan"> Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (JSAN) </option>
<option value="jtaer"> Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (JTAER) </option>
<option value="jox"> Journal of Xenobiotics (JoX) </option>
<option value="jzbg"> Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens (JZBG) </option>
<option value="journalmedia"> Journalism and Media </option>
<option value="kidneydial"> Kidney and Dialysis </option>
<option value="knowledge"> Knowledge </option>
<option value="land"> Land </option>
<option value="languages"> Languages </option>
<option value="laws"> Laws </option>
<option value="life"> Life </option>
<option value="liquids"> Liquids </option>
<option value="literature"> Literature </option>
<option value="livers"> Livers </option>
<option value="logistics"> Logistics </option>
<option value="lubricants"> Lubricants </option>
<option value="make"> Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction (MAKE) </option>
<option value="machines"> Machines </option>
<option value="macromol"> Macromol </option>
<option value="magnetism"> Magnetism </option>
<option value="magnetochemistry"> Magnetochemistry </option>
<option value="marinedrugs"> Marine Drugs </option>
<option value="materials"> Materials </option>
<option value="materproc"> Materials Proceedings </option>
<option value="mca"> Mathematical and Computational Applications (MCA) </option>
<option value="mathematics"> Mathematics </option>
<option value="medsci"> Medical Sciences </option>
<option value="msf"> Medical Sciences Forum </option>
<option value="medicina"> Medicina </option>
<option value="medicines"> Medicines </option>
<option value="membranes"> Membranes </option>
<option value="merits"> Merits </option>
<option value="metabolites"> Metabolites </option>
<option value="metals"> Metals </option>
<option value="meteorology"> Meteorology </option>
<option value="methane"> Methane </option>
<option value="mps"> Methods and Protocols (MPs) </option>
<option value="metrology"> Metrology </option>
<option value="micro"> Micro </option>
<option value="microbiolres"> Microbiology Research </option>
<option value="micromachines"> Micromachines </option>
<option value="microorganisms"> Microorganisms </option>
<option value="microplastics"> Microplastics </option>
<option value="minerals"> Minerals </option>
<option value="mining"> Mining </option>
<option value="modelling"> Modelling </option>
<option value="molbank"> Molbank </option>
<option value="molecules"> Molecules </option>
<option value="mti"> Multimodal Technologies and Interaction (MTI) </option>
<option value="nanoenergyadv"> Nanoenergy Advances </option>
<option value="nanomanufacturing"> Nanomanufacturing </option>
<option value="nanomaterials"> Nanomaterials </option>
<option value="network"> Network </option>
<option value="neuroglia"> Neuroglia </option>
<option value="neurolint"> Neurology International </option>
<option value="neurosci"> NeuroSci </option>
<option value="nitrogen"> Nitrogen </option>
<option value="ncrna"> Non-Coding RNA (ncRNA) </option>
<option value="nursrep"> Nursing Reports </option>
<option value="nutraceuticals"> Nutraceuticals </option>
<option value="nutrients"> Nutrients </option>
<option value="obesities"> Obesities </option>
<option value="oceans"> Oceans </option>
<option value="onco"> Onco </option>
<option value="optics"> Optics </option>
<option value="oral"> Oral </option>
<option value="organics"> Organics </option>
<option value="osteology"> Osteology </option>
<option value="oxygen"> Oxygen </option>
<option value="parasitologia"> Parasitologia </option>
<option value="particles"> Particles </option>
<option value="pathogens"> Pathogens </option>
<option value="pathophysiology"> Pathophysiology </option>
<option value="pediatrrep"> Pediatric Reports </option>
<option value="pharmaceuticals"> Pharmaceuticals </option>
<option value="pharmaceutics"> Pharmaceutics </option>
<option value="pharmacy"> Pharmacy </option>
<option value="philosophies"> Philosophies </option>
<option value="photochem"> Photochem </option>
<option value="photonics"> Photonics </option>
<option value="phycology"> Phycology </option>
<option value="physchem"> Physchem </option>
<option value="psf"> Physical Sciences Forum </option>
<option value="physics"> Physics </option>
<option value="physiologia"> Physiologia </option>
<option value="plants"> Plants </option>
<option value="plasma"> Plasma </option>
<option value="pollutants"> Pollutants </option>
<option value="polymers"> Polymers </option>
<option value="polysaccharides"> Polysaccharides </option>
<option value="proceedings"> Proceedings </option>
<option value="processes"> Processes </option>
<option value="prosthesis"> Prosthesis </option>
<option value="proteomes"> Proteomes </option>
<option value="psych"> Psych </option>
<option value="psychiatryint"> Psychiatry International </option>
<option value="publications"> Publications </option>
<option value="qubs"> Quantum Beam Science (QuBS) </option>
<option value="quantumrep"> Quantum Reports </option>
<option value="quaternary"> Quaternary </option>
<option value="radiation"> Radiation </option>
<option value="reactions"> Reactions </option>
<option value="recycling"> Recycling </option>
<option value="religions"> Religions </option>
<option value="remotesensing"> Remote Sensing </option>
<option value="reports"> Reports </option>
<option value="reprodmed"> Reproductive Medicine (Reprod. Med.) </option>
<option value="resources"> Resources </option>
<option value="rheumato"> Rheumato </option>
<option value="risks"> Risks </option>
<option value="robotics"> Robotics </option>
<option value="ruminants"> Ruminants </option>
<option value="safety"> Safety </option>
<option value="sci"> Sci </option>
<option value="scipharm"> Scientia Pharmaceutica (Sci. Pharm.) </option>
<option value="sensors"> Sensors </option>
<option value="separations"> Separations </option>
<option value="sexes"> Sexes </option>
<option value="signals"> Signals </option>
<option value="sinusitis"> Sinusitis </option>
<option value="smartcities"> Smart Cities </option>
<option value="socsci"> Social Sciences </option>
<option value="societies"> Societies </option>
<option value="soilsystems"> Soil Systems </option>
<option value="solar"> Solar </option>
<option value="solids"> Solids </option>
<option value="sports"> Sports </option>
<option value="standards"> Standards </option>
<option value="stats"> Stats </option>
<option value="stresses"> Stresses </option>
<option value="surfaces"> Surfaces </option>
<option value="surgeries"> Surgeries </option>
<option value="sustainability"> Sustainability </option>
<option value="suschem"> Sustainable Chemistry </option>
<option value="symmetry"> Symmetry </option>
<option value="systems"> Systems </option>
<option value="taxonomy"> Taxonomy </option>
<option value="technologies"> Technologies </option>
<option value="telecom"> Telecom </option>
<option value="textiles"> Textiles </option>
<option value="thermo"> Thermo </option>
<option value="tomography"> Tomography </option>
<option value="tourismhosp"> Tourism and Hospitality </option>
<option value="toxics"> Toxics </option>
<option value="toxins"> Toxins </option>
<option value="transplantology"> Transplantology </option>
<option value="traumacare"> Trauma Care </option>
<option value="tropicalmed"> Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed) </option>
<option value="universe"> Universe </option>
<option value="urbansci"> Urban Science </option>
<option value="uro"> Uro </option>
<option value="vaccines"> Vaccines </option>
<option value="vehicles"> Vehicles </option>
<option value="vetsci"> Veterinary Sciences </option>
<option value="vibration"> Vibration </option>
<option value="viruses"> Viruses </option>
<option value="vision"> Vision </option>
<option value="water"> Water </option>
<option value="wind"> Wind </option>
<option value="women"> Women </option>
<option value="world"> World </option>
<option value="wevj"> World Electric Vehicle Journal (WEVJ) </option>
<option value="youth"> Youth </option>
<option value="zoonoses"> Zoonoses </option>
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<li class=""><label for="ms-opt-79" style="padding-left: 21px;"><input type="checkbox" value="computation" title="Computation" id="ms-opt-79">Computation</label></li>
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<li class=""><label for="ms-opt-127" style="padding-left: 21px;"><input type="checkbox" value="ebj" title="European Burn Journal" id="ms-opt-127">European Burn Journal</label></li>
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Psychology and Education</label></li>
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<li class=""><label for="ms-opt-133" style="padding-left: 21px;"><input type="checkbox" value="fluids" title="Fluids" id="ms-opt-133">Fluids</label></li>
<li class=""><label for="ms-opt-134" style="padding-left: 21px;"><input type="checkbox" value="foods" title="Foods" id="ms-opt-134">Foods</label></li>
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<li class=""><label for="ms-opt-137" style="padding-left: 21px;"><input type="checkbox" value="forests" title="Forests" id="ms-opt-137">Forests</label></li>
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<li class=""><label for="ms-opt-139" style="padding-left: 21px;"><input type="checkbox" value="fractalfract" title="Fractal and Fractional" id="ms-opt-139">Fractal and Fractional</label></li>
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<li class=""><label for="ms-opt-146" style="padding-left: 21px;"><input type="checkbox" value="gases" title="Gases" id="ms-opt-146">Gases</label></li>
<li class=""><label for="ms-opt-147" style="padding-left: 21px;"><input type="checkbox" value="gastroent" title="Gastroenterology Insights" id="ms-opt-147">Gastroenterology Insights</label></li>
<li class=""><label for="ms-opt-148" style="padding-left: 21px;"><input type="checkbox" value="gastrointestdisord" title="Gastrointestinal Disorders" id="ms-opt-148">Gastrointestinal Disorders</label></li>
<li class=""><label for="ms-opt-149" style="padding-left: 21px;"><input type="checkbox" value="gels" title="Gels" id="ms-opt-149">Gels</label></li>
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<li class=""><label for="ms-opt-151" style="padding-left: 21px;"><input type="checkbox" value="genes" title="Genes" id="ms-opt-151">Genes</label></li>
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<li class=""><label for="ms-opt-153" style="padding-left: 21px;"><input type="checkbox" value="geohazards" title="GeoHazards" id="ms-opt-153">GeoHazards</label></li>
<li class=""><label for="ms-opt-154" style="padding-left: 21px;"><input type="checkbox" value="geomatics" title="Geomatics" id="ms-opt-154">Geomatics</label></li>
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Open AccessArticle
Coupling Photosynthetic Measurements with Biometric Data to Estimate Gross
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by
Christodoulos I. Sazeides
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Quantification of forest Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is important for
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Quantification of forest Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is important for
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affected by the method used to parameterise the model. At the scale of our
study, variability in stand and canopy structure among the study sites seems to
be the key determinant of GPP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Forest Inventory, Modeling and Remote
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Open AccessArticle
Home Energy Management Systems with Branch-and-Bound Model-Based Predictive
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Abstract
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At a global level, buildings constitute one of the most significant
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Home Technologies Based on IoT
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Open AccessReview
Bioactive Ceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering by Powder Bed Selective
Laser Processing: A Review
by
Nikhil Kamboj
,
Antonia Ressler
and
Irina Hussainova
Materials 2021, 14(18), 5338; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185338
(registering DOI) - 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
The implementation of a powder bed selective laser processing (PBSLP) technique
for bioactive ceramics, including selective laser sintering and melting
(SLM/SLS), a laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) approach is far more challenging
when compared to its metallic and polymeric counterparts for the fabrication
[...] Read more.
The implementation of a powder bed selective laser processing (PBSLP) technique
for bioactive ceramics, including selective laser sintering and melting
(SLM/SLS), a laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) approach is far more challenging
when compared to its metallic and polymeric counterparts for the fabrication of
biomedical materials. Direct PBSLP can offer binder-free fabrication of
bioactive scaffolds without involving postprocessing techniques. This review
explicitly focuses on the PBSLP technique for bioactive ceramics and encompasses
a detailed overview of the PBSLP process and the general requirements and
properties of the bioactive scaffolds for bone tissue growth. The bioactive
ceramics enclosing calcium phosphate (CaP) and calcium silicates (CS) and their
respective composite scaffolds processed through PBSLP are also extensively
discussed. This review paper also categorizes the bone regeneration strategies
of the bioactive scaffolds processed through PBSLP with the various modes of
functionalization through the incorporation of drugs, stem cells, and growth
factors to ameliorate critical-sized bone defects based on the fracture site
length for personalized medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Processing for Composite
Materials)
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Open AccessArticle
High-Performance Asymmetric Optical Transmission Based on a Dielectric–Metal
Metasurface
by
Wenbing Liu
,
Lirong Huang
,
Jifei Ding
,
Chenkai Xie
,
Yi Luo
and
Wei Hong
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(9), 2410; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11092410
(registering DOI) - 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
Asymmetric optical transmission plays a key role in many optical systems. In
this work, we propose and numerically demonstrate a dielectric–metal metasurface
that can achieve high-performance asymmetric transmission for linearly polarized
light in the near-infrared region. Most notably, it supports a forward
transmittance [...] Read more.
Asymmetric optical transmission plays a key role in many optical systems. In
this work, we propose and numerically demonstrate a dielectric–metal metasurface
that can achieve high-performance asymmetric transmission for linearly polarized
light in the near-infrared region. Most notably, it supports a forward
transmittance peak (with a transmittance of 0.70) and a backward transmittance
dip (with a transmittance of 0.07) at the same wavelength of 922 nm, which
significantly enhances operation bandwidth and the contrast ratio between
forward and backward transmittances. Mechanism analyses reveal that the forward
transmittance peak is caused by the unidirectional excitation of surface plasmon
polaritons and the first Kerker condition, whereas the backward transmittance
dip is due to reflection from the metal film and a strong toroidal dipole
response. Our work provides an alternative and simple way to obtain
high-performance asymmetric transmission devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Properties and Applications of
Metamaterials)
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Open AccessArticle
A Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of a Second-Language (L2) Motivation
Instrument in South Korea
by
Weonjin Shin
,
Fuhui Tong
,
Hsiang-Yu Chien
and
Myeongsun Yoon
Sustainability 2021, 13(18), 10333; https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810333
(registering DOI) - 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
In this research, we tested the psychometrics of a translated and adapted second
language learning motivation instrument among Korean English learners. A total
of 1373 college students from 9 universities and 11 majors in South Korea
responded to the questionnaire. After the content [...] Read more.
In this research, we tested the psychometrics of a translated and adapted second
language learning motivation instrument among Korean English learners. A total
of 1373 college students from 9 universities and 11 majors in South Korea
responded to the questionnaire. After the content validation, back-translation,
and pilot study, 12 factors and 76 items were chosen for further construct
validation. The data were then analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)
and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Through EFA, 11 factors and 55 items
were extracted while CFA analysis indicated good fit (CFI > 0.9, SRMR = 0.05,
RMSEA < 0.05) of the measurement model. The results of this study showed
acceptable psychometrics properties of questionnaire which is culturally and
structurally appropriate in a Korean college context. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Individual and Socio-cultural Factors
on Language and Academic Achievement to Promote PK-16 Educational
Sustainability)
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Open AccessReview
Reinforcement Learning and Physics
by
José D. Martín-Guerrero
and
Lucas Lamata
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(18), 8589; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188589
(registering DOI) - 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
Machine learning techniques provide a remarkable tool for advancing scientific
research, and this area has significantly grown in the past few years. In
particular, reinforcement learning, an approach that maximizes a (long-term)
reward by means of the actions taken by an agent in [...] Read more.
Machine learning techniques provide a remarkable tool for advancing scientific
research, and this area has significantly grown in the past few years. In
particular, reinforcement learning, an approach that maximizes a (long-term)
reward by means of the actions taken by an agent in a given environment, can
allow one for optimizing scientific discovery in a variety of fields such as
physics, chemistry, and biology. Morover, physical systems, in particular
quantum systems, may allow one for more efficient reinforcement learning
protocols. In this review, we describe recent results in the field of
reinforcement learning and physics. We include standard reinforcement learning
techniques in the computer science community for enhancing physics research, as
well as the more recent and emerging area of quantum reinforcement learning,
inside quantum machine learning, for improving reinforcement learning
computations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning and Physics)
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Open AccessData Descriptor
Technical Data of Heterologous Expression and Purification of SARS-CoV-2
Proteases Using Escherichia coli System
by
Rafida Razali
,
Vijay Kumar Subbiah
and
Cahyo Budiman
Data 2021, 6(9), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/data6090099 (registering DOI) - 16
Sep 2021
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus expresses two essential proteases: firstly, the
3Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) or main protease (Mpro), and secondly, the
papain-like protease (PLpro), both of which are considered as viable drug
targets for the inhibition of viral replication. In order to perform drug
discovery [...] Read more.
The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus expresses two essential proteases: firstly, the
3Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) or main protease (Mpro), and secondly, the
papain-like protease (PLpro), both of which are considered as viable drug
targets for the inhibition of viral replication. In order to perform drug
discovery assays for SARS-CoV-2, it is imperative that efficient methods are
established for the production and purification of 3CLpro and PLpro of
SARS-CoV-2, designated as 3CLpro-CoV2 and PLpro-CoV2, respectively. This article
expands the data collected in the attempts to express SARS-CoV-2 proteases under
different conditions and purify them under single-step chromatography. Data
showed that the use of E. coli BL21(DE3) strain was sufficient to express
3CLpro-CoV2 in a fully soluble form. Nevertheless, the single affinity
chromatography step was only applicable for 3CLpro-CoV2 expressed at 18 °C, with
a yield and purification fold of 92% and 49, respectively. Meanwhile, PLpro-CoV2
was successfully expressed in a fully soluble form in either BL21(DE3) or
BL21-CodonPlus(DE3) strains. In contrast, the single affinity chromatography
step was only applicable for PLpro-CoV2 expressed using E. coli
BL21-CodonPlus(DE3) at 18 or 37 °C, with a yield and purification fold of 86%
(18 °C) or 83.36% (37 °C) and 112 (18 °C) or 71 (37 °C), respectively. The
findings provide a guide for optimizing the production of SARS-CoV-2 proteases
of E. coli host cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Computational Biology, Bioinformatics, and
Biomedical Data Science)
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Open AccessArticle
CNMF: A Community-Based Fake News Mitigation Framework
by
Shaimaa Galal
,
Noha Nagy
and
Mohamed. E. El-Sharkawi
Information 2021, 12(9), 376; https://doi.org/10.3390/info12090376
(registering DOI) - 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
Fake news propagation in online social networks (OSN) is one of the critical
societal threats nowadays directing attention to fake news mitigation and
intervention techniques. One of the typical mitigation techniques focus on
initiating news mitigation campaigns targeting a specific set of users [...]
Read more.
Fake news propagation in online social networks (OSN) is one of the critical
societal threats nowadays directing attention to fake news mitigation and
intervention techniques. One of the typical mitigation techniques focus on
initiating news mitigation campaigns targeting a specific set of users when the
infected set of users is known or targeting the entire network when the infected
set of users is unknown. The contemporary mitigation techniques assume the
campaign users’ acceptance to share a mitigation news (MN); however, in reality,
user behavior is different. This paper focuses on devising a generic mitigation
framework, where the social crowd can be employed to combat the influence of
fake news in OSNs when the infected set of users is undefined. The framework is
composed of three major phases: facts discovery, facts searching and, community
recommendation. Mitigation news circulation is accomplished by recruiting a set
of social crowd users (news propagators) who are likely to accept posting the
mitigation news article. We propose a set of features that identify prospect OSN
audiences and news propagators. Moreover, we inspect the variant properties of
the news circulation process, such as incentivizing news propagators,
determining the required number of news propagators, and the adaptivity of the
MN circulation process. The paper pinpoints the significance of facts searching
and news propagator’s behavior features introduced in the experimental results.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Decentralization and New Technologies
for Social Media)
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Open AccessEditorial
Special Issue on “Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality & Semantic 3D
Reconstruction”
by
Zhihan Lv
,
Jing-Yan Wang
,
Neeraj Kumar
and
Jaime Lloret
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(18), 8590; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188590
(registering DOI) - 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
Augmented Reality is a key technology that will facilitate a major paradigm
shift in the way users interact with data and has only just recently been
recognized as a viable solution for solving many critical needs [...] Full
article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality &
Semantic 3D Reconstruction)
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Open AccessFeature PaperReview
CRISPR/Cas13-Based Platforms for a Potential Next-Generation Diagnosis of
Colorectal Cancer through Exosomes Micro-RNA Detection: A Review
by
Benjamín Durán-Vinet
,
Karla Araya-Castro
,
Juan Calderón
,
Luis Vergara
,
Helga Weber
,
Javier Retamales
,
Paulina Araya-Castro
and
Pamela Leal-Rojas
Cancers 2021, 13(18), 4640; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13184640
(registering DOI) - 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer with the second
highest mortality rate worldwide. CRC is a heterogenous disease with multiple
risk factors associated, including obesity, smoking, and use of alcohol. Of
total CRC cases, 60% are diagnosed in late stages, [...] Read more.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer with the second
highest mortality rate worldwide. CRC is a heterogenous disease with multiple
risk factors associated, including obesity, smoking, and use of alcohol. Of
total CRC cases, 60% are diagnosed in late stages, where survival can drop to
about 10%. CRC screening programs are based primarily on colonoscopy, yet this
approach is invasive and has low patient adherence. Therefore, there is a strong
incentive for developing molecular-based methods that are minimally invasive and
have higher patient adherence. Recent reports have highlighted the importance of
extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes, as intercellular
communication vehicles with a broad cargo, including micro-RNAs (miRNAs). These
have been syndicated as robust candidates for diagnosis, primarily for their
known activities in cancer cells, including immunoevasion, tumor progression,
and angiogenesis, whereas miRNAs are dysregulated by cancer cells and delivered
by cancer-derived exosomes (CEx). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)
has shown good results detecting specific cancer-derived exosome micro-RNAs
(CEx-miRNAs) associated with CRC, but qPCR also has several challenges,
including portability and sensitivity/specificity issues regarding experiment
design and sample quality. CRISPR/Cas-based platforms have been presented as
cost-effective, ultrasensitive, specific, and robust clinical detection tools in
the presence of potential inhibitors and capable of delivering quantitative and
qualitative real-time data for enhanced decision-making to healthcare teams.
Thereby, CRISPR/Cas13-based technologies have become a potential strategy for
early CRC diagnosis detecting CEx-miRNAs. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas13-based
platforms’ ease of use, scalability, and portability also showcase them as a
potential point-of-care (POC) technology for CRC early diagnosis. This study
presents two potential CRISPR/Cas13-based methodologies with a proposed panel
consisting of four CEx-miRNAs, including miR-126, miR-1290, miR-23a, and
miR-940, to streamline novel applications which may deliver a potential early
diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biomarkers in Colorectal
Cancer)
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Open AccessArticle
Long-Term Clinical and Multimodal Imaging Findings in Patients with Disseminated
Mycobacterium Chimaera Infection
by
Sandrine Anne Zweifel
,
Maximilian Robert Justus Wiest
,
Mario Damiano Toro
,
Pascal Hasler
,
Peter Maloca
,
Barbara Hasse
,
Nina Khanna
and
Robert Rejdak
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(18), 4178; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184178
(registering DOI) - 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
Background: To analyze long-term ophthalmic clinical and multimodal imaging
findings of disseminated Mycobacterium (M.) chimaera infection after
cardiothoracic surgery among the Swiss Cohort. Methods: Systemic and multimodal
ophthalmic imaging and clinical findings including rate of recurrence were
reviewed and correlated to a previously [...] Read more.
Background: To analyze long-term ophthalmic clinical and multimodal imaging
findings of disseminated Mycobacterium (M.) chimaera infection after
cardiothoracic surgery among the Swiss Cohort. Methods: Systemic and multimodal
ophthalmic imaging and clinical findings including rate of recurrence were
reviewed and correlated to a previously proposed classification system of
choroidal lesions and classification of ocular disease. Main Outcomes Measures:
long-term clinical and multimodal ocular imaging findings of M. chimaera.
Results: Twelve patients suffering from systemic infection from M. chimaera were
included. Mean age at the first ophthalmic examination was 59 years (range from
48 to 66 years). Mean duration of the follow-up was 22.63 ± 17.8 months. All
patients presented with bilateral chorioretinal lesions at baseline; 5 patients
had additional signs, including optic disc swelling (2), choroidal
neovascularization (1), retinal neovascularization (1) and cilioretinal vascular
occlusion (1). Four recurrence events after discontinuation or adjustment of the
antibiotic treatment were observed. Progressive choroiditis was seen in 5
patients under treatment, 4 of them deceased. Conclusions: Expertise from
ophthalmologists is not only relevant but also critical for the assessment of
the adverse drug effect of antimycobacterial treatment along with monitoring
therapeutic response and identifying recurrences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Mycobacterial
Research)
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Open AccessArticle
Indoor Traveling Salesman Problem (ITSP) Path Planning
by
Jinjin Yan
,
Sisi Zlatanova
,
Jinwoo (Brian) Lee
and
Qingxiang Liu
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2021, 10(9), 616; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10090616
(registering DOI) - 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
With the growing complexity of indoor living environments, people have an
increasing demand for indoor navigation. Currently, navigation path options in
indoor are monotonous as existing navigation systems commonly offer
single-source shortest-distance or fastest paths. Such path options might be not
always attractive. [...] Read more.
With the growing complexity of indoor living environments, people have an
increasing demand for indoor navigation. Currently, navigation path options in
indoor are monotonous as existing navigation systems commonly offer
single-source shortest-distance or fastest paths. Such path options might be not
always attractive. For instance, pedestrians in a shopping mall may be
interested in a path that navigates through multiple places starting from and
ending at the same location. Here, we name it as the indoor traveling salesman
problem (ITSP) path. As its name implies, this path type is similar to the
classical outdoor traveling salesman problem (TSP), namely, the shortest path
that visits a number of places exactly once and returns to the original
departure place. This paper presents a general solution to the ITSP path based
on Dijkstra and branch and bound (B&B) algorithm. We demonstrate and validate
the method by applying it to path planning in a large shopping mall with six
floors, in which the QR (Quick Response) codes are assumed to be utilized as the
indoor positioning approach. The results show that the presented solution can
successfully compute the ITSP paths and their potentials to apply to other
indoor navigation applications at museums or hospitals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Indoor Positioning and Mapping Based
on 3D GIS)
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Open AccessPerspective
Metrology, Agriculture and Food: Literature Quantitative Analysis
by
Alessandra Durazzo
,
Eliana B. Souto
,
Ginevra Lombardi-Boccia
,
Antonello Santini
and
Massimo Lucarini
Agriculture 2021, 11(9), 889; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090889
(registering DOI) - 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
Great attention has been given in recent years to the relationships between
metrology, agriculture, and food. This study aims at providing an analysis of
the literature regarding the relationships between metrology, agriculture, and
food. The Scopus online database has been used to extract [...] Read more.
Great attention has been given in recent years to the relationships between
metrology, agriculture, and food. This study aims at providing an analysis of
the literature regarding the relationships between metrology, agriculture, and
food. The Scopus online database has been used to extract bibliometric data
throughout the search string: TITLE-ABS-KEY (Metrology* AND Agriculture* OR
Food*), and the VOSviewer bibliometric software was used to visualize results as
bubble maps. The novelty character of this perspective paper is to indicate and
point out the main research themes/lines addressing the relationships between
metrology, agriculture, and food by analyzing: (i) the authors of the published
papers; (ii) the type of paper; (iii) the countries and institutions where the
research is developed. Bibliometrics allows one to holistically examine entire
scientific areas or sub-fields to get new qualitative and quantitative insights.
These results represent a useful tool for identifying emerging research
directions, collaboration networks, and suggestions for more in-depth literature
searches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Traits of Agriculture/Food
Quality Interface)
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Open AccessArticle
Food on the Move: The Impact of Implied Motion in Pictures on Food Perceptions
through Anticipated Pleasure of Consumption
by
Lana Mulier
,
Eva Meersseman
,
Iris Vermeir
and
Hendrik Slabbinck
Foods 2021, 10(9), 2194; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10092194 (registering DOI)
- 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
To tackle obesity, upgrading the image of healthy food is increasingly relevant.
Rather than focusing on long-term benefits, an effective way to promote healthy
food consumption through visual advertising is to increase its pleasure
perception. We investigate whether implied motion, a popular trend [...] Read
more.
To tackle obesity, upgrading the image of healthy food is increasingly relevant.
Rather than focusing on long-term benefits, an effective way to promote healthy
food consumption through visual advertising is to increase its pleasure
perception. We investigate whether implied motion, a popular trend in food
pictures, affects food perceptions through anticipated consumption pleasure.
Prior research shows that motion affects food perceptions, but these studies
focused on limited food categories, using experiments with a single food
stimulus, and mainly showing unhealthy food effects. Therefore, we aim to (1)
replicate prior findings on the effects of food in motion on appeal, tastiness,
healthiness, and freshness perceptions; (2) examine whether these effects differ
for healthy and unhealthy food; and (3) investigate whether anticipated pleasure
of consumption drives the effects of implied motion on food perceptions. Three
between-subjects experiments (N = 626) reveal no evidence for the effectiveness
of motion (vs. no motion) across a large variety of food products. We further
show no differential effects for healthy versus unhealthy foods. Moreover,
implied motion does not increase appeal or taste perceptions through anticipated
pleasure. Considering the current replication crisis, these findings provide
more nuanced insights into the effectiveness of motion in visual food
advertising. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Influencing Factors of
Food Choice and Food Consumption)
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Open AccessArticle
Collagen XV Promotes ER Stress-Induced Inflammation through Activating Integrin
β1/FAK Signaling Pathway and M1 Macrophage Polarization in Adipose Tissue
by
Changxing Li
,
Yuexia Liu
,
Yizhou Li
,
Ruiqing Tai
,
Zhuwen Sun
,
Qiong Wu
,
Yongnian Liu
and
Chao Sun
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(18), 9997; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189997
(registering DOI) - 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
Collagen XV (Col XV), a basement membrane (BM) component, is highly expressed in
adipose tissue, and studies have found that Col XV is related to extracellular
matrix (ECM) remodeling involving in adipose tissue fibrosis and inflammation.
Furthermore, the ECM is essential for maintaining [...] Read more.
Collagen XV (Col XV), a basement membrane (BM) component, is highly expressed in
adipose tissue, and studies have found that Col XV is related to extracellular
matrix (ECM) remodeling involving in adipose tissue fibrosis and inflammation.
Furthermore, the ECM is essential for maintaining normal development and tissue
function. In this study, we found that Col XV is related to the endoplasmic
reticulum stress (ERS) and inflammation of adipose tissue. Moreover, we found
that overexpression of Col XV in mice could cause macrophages to infiltrate
white adipose tissue (iWAT). At the same time, the expression of the ERS sensor
IRE1α (Inositol-Requiring Enzyme-1α) was significantly up-regulated, which
intensified the inflammation of adipose tissue and the polarization of M1
macrophages after the overexpression of Col XV in mice. In addition, after
overexpression of Col XV, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration was significantly
increased. Using focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor PF573228, we found that
PF-573228 inhibited the phosphorylation of FAK and reversed the upward trend of
Col XV-induced protein expression levels of IRE1α, C/EBP-homologous protein
(CHOP), and 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78). After treatment with IRE1α
inhibitor STF-083010, the results showed that the expression of adipocyte
inflammation-related genes interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α
(TNFα) significantly were decreased. Our results demonstrate that Col XV induces
ER-stress in adipocytes by activating the Integrinβ1/FAK pathway and disrupting
the intracellular Ca2+ balance. At the same time, Col XV regulates the
inflammation induced by ER stress in adipocytes by promoting IRE1α/XBP1 (X-Box
binding protein 1) signaling. Our study provides new ideas for solving the
problems of adipose tissue metabolism disorders caused by abnormal accumulation
of ECM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Translation from Microgravity Research to
Earth Application)
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Open AccessReview
Melatonin and Phytomelatonin: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Distribution
and Bioactivity in Plants and Animals—An Overview
by
Giuseppe Mannino
,
Carlo Pernici
,
Graziella Serio
,
Carla Gentile
and
Cinzia M. Bertea
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(18), 9996; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189996
(registering DOI) - 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
Melatonin is a ubiquitous indolamine, largely investigated for its key role in
the regulation of several physiological processes in both animals and plants. In
the last century, it was reported that this molecule may be produced in high
concentrations by several species belonging [...] Read more.
Melatonin is a ubiquitous indolamine, largely investigated for its key role in
the regulation of several physiological processes in both animals and plants. In
the last century, it was reported that this molecule may be produced in high
concentrations by several species belonging to the plant kingdom and stored in
specialized tissues. In this review, the main information related to the
chemistry of melatonin and its metabolism has been summarized. Furthermore, the
biosynthetic pathway characteristics of animal and plant cells have been
compared, and the main differences between the two systems highlighted.
Additionally, in order to investigate the distribution of this indolamine in the
plant kingdom, distribution cluster analysis was performed using a database
composed by 47 previously published articles reporting the content of melatonin
in different plant families, species and tissues. Finally, the potential
pharmacological and biostimulant benefits derived from the administration of
exogenous melatonin on animals or plants via the intake of dietary supplements
or the application of biostimulant formulation have been largely discussed. Full
article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Melatonin in Plants)
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Open AccessArticle
Catalytic Activity Enhancement of Cu-Zn-Based Catalyst for Methanol Steam
Reforming with Magnetic Inducement
by
Sasimas Katanyutanon
,
Dilpium Samarasinghe
,
Luckhana Lawtrakul
and
Pisanu Toochinda
Catalysts 2021, 11(9), 1110; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11091110
(registering DOI) - 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
Magnetic inducement was applied during metal loading to enhance Cu-Zn catalysts
for methanol steam reforming in the temperature range of 200–300 °C. The
supports used in this study were the γ-Al2O3 support and CeO2-Al2O3 supports
[...] Read more.
Magnetic inducement was applied during metal loading to enhance Cu-Zn catalysts
for methanol steam reforming in the temperature range of 200–300 °C. The
supports used in this study were the γ-Al2O3 support and CeO2-Al2O3 supports
prepared under different magnetic environments. Cu-Zn loading between the north
and south poles (N-S) on the CeO2-Al2O3 support, prepared between two north
poles (N-N), led to the highest H2 production at 300 °C (2796 ± 76 µmol/min),
which is triple that of Cu-Zn/CeO2-Al2O3 prepared without magnetic inducement
and ~11-fold the activity of the Cu-Zn/Al2O3 reference catalyst. The N-S
magnetic environment during metal loading leads to lower reduction temperatures
and larger Cu(1+):Cu(2+) ratio. These results showed that the pole arrangement
of magnets during metal loading could affect the catalytic activity of the Cu-Zn
catalyst owing to its influence on the reducibility and the oxidation state of
Cu active metal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Catalysis for Sustainable Energy)
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Open AccessArticle
Engaging Children in Story Co-Creation for Effective Serious Games
by
Zeno Menestrina
,
Angela Pasqualotto
,
Adriano Siesser
,
Paola Venuti
and
Antonella De Angeli
Sustainability 2021, 13(18), 10334; https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810334
(registering DOI) - 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
Despite a growing interest in player-centred methods for serious games, little
is known on how to achieve this goal in practice when prospective users are
children. Foundational questions remain unanswered, such as to which design
dimensions children should contribute, and how and when [...] Read more.
Despite a growing interest in player-centred methods for serious games, little
is known on how to achieve this goal in practice when prospective users are
children. Foundational questions remain unanswered, such as to which design
dimensions children should contribute, and how and when they should be engaged.
This paper presents the methods and results of two studies that inspired Skies
of Manawak, a game for developmental dyslexia remediation. The first study
engaged 60 children (age 8–13) in 15 ideation workshops to highlight the story
and aesthetics of the game. The second study engaged 258 children (age 8–11) in
the comparative evaluation of the game demo with a commercial cognitive training
system. The results proved the importance and complexity of the early
involvement of children in design. Children strongly appreciated the demo,
particularly the story their peers contributed to shaping. However, this story
deviated from their desires in several critical dimensions. It had to reconcile
gender stereotypes and the violence embedded in their narratives with the game’s
purpose. An apparent conflict between designers and children’s values emerged,
supporting the idea that children’s engagement in serious game design requires
effective mediation to avoid compromising the purposes they intend to achieve.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design Methodology for Educational
Games)
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Open AccessArticle
Cyclic Behavior of Calcareous Sand from the South China Sea
by
Lu Liu
,
Xiaofei Yao
,
Zhanpeng Ji
,
Hongmei Gao
,
Zhihua Wang
and
Zhifu Shen
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(9), 1014; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9091014
(registering DOI) - 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
This study examines the cyclic behavior of calcareous sand obtained from the
South China Sea. A series of undrained cyclic triaxial tests were performed on
the calcareous sand with various relative densities, cyclic stress ratios, and
effective confining pressures. The test results show [...] Read more.
This study examines the cyclic behavior of calcareous sand obtained from the
South China Sea. A series of undrained cyclic triaxial tests were performed on
the calcareous sand with various relative densities, cyclic stress ratios, and
effective confining pressures. The test results show that whereas the effective
confining pressure exhibited a small influence on the cyclic behavior of the
calcareous sand, the effect of changes in CSR and relative density was notable.
Due to its angular nature, the liquefaction resistance of calcareous sand was
much higher than that of silica sand. In addition, differences between
calcareous and silica sands in terms of pore pressure generation characteristics
and deformation responses were also observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ocean Engineering)
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Open AccessReview
COVID-19 Infection in Children, Infants and Pregnant Subjects: An Overview of
Recent Insights and Therapies
by
Giuseppina Malcangi
,
Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
,
Angelo Michele Inchingolo
,
Luigi Santacroce
,
Grazia Marinelli
,
Antonio Mancini
,
Luigi Vimercati
,
Maria Elena Maggiore
,
Maria Teresa D’Oria
,
Denisa Hazballa
,
Ioana Roxana Bordea
,
Edit Xhajanka
,
Antonio Scarano
,
Marco Farronato
,
Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
,
Delia Giovanniello
,
Ludovica Nucci
,
Rosario Serpico
,
Gilberto Sammartino
,
Loredana Capozzi
,
Antonio Parisi
,
Marina Di Domenico
,
Felice Lorusso
,
Maria Contaldo
,
Francesco Inchingolo
and
Gianna Dipalma
Microorganisms 2021, 9(9), 1964; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091964
(registering DOI) - 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has involved a severe increase of cases
worldwide in a wide range of populations. The aim of the present investigation
was to evaluate recent insights about COVID-19 infection in children, infants
and pregnant subjects. Methods: a literature overview was [...] Read more.
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has involved a severe increase of cases
worldwide in a wide range of populations. The aim of the present investigation
was to evaluate recent insights about COVID-19 infection in children, infants
and pregnant subjects. Methods: a literature overview was performed including
clinical trials, in vitro studies, reviews and published guidelines regarding
the present paper topic. A descriptive synthesis was performed to evaluate
recent insights and the effectiveness of therapies for SARS-CoV-2 infection in
children, infants and pregnant subjects. Results: Insufficient data are
available regarding the relationship between COVID-19 and the clinical risk of
spontaneous abortion and premature foetus death. A decrease in the incidence of
COVID-19 could be correlated to a minor expression of ACE2 in childrens’ lungs.
At present, a modulation of the dose-effect posology for children and infants is
necessary. Conclusions: Pregnant vertical transmission has been hypothesised for
SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccines are necessary to achieve mass immunity for
children and also pregnant subjects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in SARS-CoV-2
Receptor, Interaction, Biological Dynamic and Innovative Therapies)
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Open AccessArticle
3D Printing of Collagen/Oligomeric Proanthocyanidin/Oxidized Hyaluronic Acid
Composite Scaffolds for Articular Cartilage Repair
by
Chung-Fei Lee
,
Yung-Heng Hsu
,
Yu-Chien Lin
,
Thu-Trang Nguyen
,
Hsiang-Wen Chen
,
Sasza Chyntara Nabilla
,
Shao-Yi Hou
,
Feng-Cheng Chang
and
Ren-Jei Chung
Polymers 2021, 13(18), 3123; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13183123
(registering DOI) - 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects affect millions of people worldwide, including
children, adolescents, and adults. Progressive wear and tear of articular
cartilage can lead to progressive tissue loss, further exposing the bony ends
and leaving them unprotected, which may ultimately cause osteoarthritis
(degenerative joint disease). [...] Read more.
Articular cartilage defects affect millions of people worldwide, including
children, adolescents, and adults. Progressive wear and tear of articular
cartilage can lead to progressive tissue loss, further exposing the bony ends
and leaving them unprotected, which may ultimately cause osteoarthritis
(degenerative joint disease). Unlike other self-repairing tissues, cartilage has
a low regenerative capacity; once injured, the cartilage is much more difficult
to heal. Consequently, developing methods to repair this defect remains a
challenge in clinical practice. In recent years, tissue engineering applications
have employed the use of three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds for growing
cells to regenerate damaged cartilage. However, these scaffolds are mainly
chemically synthesized polymers or are crosslinked using organic solvents.
Utilizing 3D printing technologies to prepare biodegradable natural composite
scaffolds could replace chemically synthesized polymers with more natural
polymers or low-toxicity crosslinkers. In this study, collagen/oligomeric
proanthocyanidin/oxidized hyaluronic acid composite scaffolds showing high
biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties were prepared. The
compressive strengths of the scaffolds were between 0.25–0.55 MPa. Cell
viability of the 3D scaffolds reached up to 90%, which indicates that they are
favorable surfaces for the deposition of apatite. An in vivo test was performed
using the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat skull model. Histological images revealed
signs of angiogenesis and new bone formation. Therefore, 3D collagen-based
scaffolds can be used as potential candidates for articular cartilage repair.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biodegradable Materials for Tissue
Engineering)
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Open AccessArticle
Detection of Spatial Rainfall Variation over the Andean Region Demonstrated by
Satellite-Based Observations
by
Dibas Shrestha
,
Shankar Sharma
,
Rocky Talchabhadel
,
Rashila Deshar
,
Kalpana Hamal
,
Nitesh Khadka
and
Kenji Nakamura
Atmosphere 2021, 12(9), 1204; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091204
(registering DOI) - 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
Topography has an important role in shaping regional and global climate systems,
as it acts as a mechanical barrier to the low-level moisture flow. Thus, a
complex spatial pattern of rainfall can exist over the mountainous region.
Moreover, it is critical to advance [...] Read more.
Topography has an important role in shaping regional and global climate systems,
as it acts as a mechanical barrier to the low-level moisture flow. Thus, a
complex spatial pattern of rainfall can exist over the mountainous region.
Moreover, it is critical to advance our understanding of the relationship
between rainfall and topography in terms of rainfall timing, frequency, and
magnitude. In this study, characteristics of austral summer (December–February)
precipitation are analyzed using 17-year (1998–2014) high-spatial-resolution
(0.05° × 0.05°) data obtained from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission
(TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) over the Andean region focusing on topographic
impact. We observe an interaction between precipitation patterns and topography,
with clear precipitation–elevation relationships in the Andes regions. The
rainfall maxima zone was observed over the higher terrain of the central and
southern Andes, and the zone is attributed to frequency and intensity of
rainfall, respectively. In the foothills of the central Andes, we find there was
a persistent rain system when a moist, low-level flow was lifted due to
topography. In contrast, steep mountain slopes and a relatively dry atmosphere
modulate deep convection in the foothills of southern Andes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Satellites Applied in Extreme Weather
and Their Atmospheric Mechanisms)
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Open AccessArticle
Hygroscopicity of Fresh and Aged Salt Mixtures from Saline Lakes
by
Jun Li
,
Wanyu Liu
,
Linjie Li
,
Wenjun Gu
,
Xiying Zhang
,
Mattias Hallquist
,
Mingjin Tang
,
Sen Wang
and
Xiangrui Kong
Atmosphere 2021, 12(9), 1203; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091203
(registering DOI) - 16 Sep 2021
Abstract
The high hygroscopicity of salt aerosol particles makes the particles active in
aerosol and cloud formations. Inland saline lakes are an important and dynamic
source of salt aerosol. The salt particles can be mixed with mineral dust and
transported over long distances. During [...] Read more.
The high hygroscopicity of salt aerosol particles makes the particles active in
aerosol and cloud formations. Inland saline lakes are an important and dynamic
source of salt aerosol. The salt particles can be mixed with mineral dust and
transported over long distances. During transportation, these particles
participate in atmospheric heterogeneous chemistry and further impact the
climate and air quality on a global scale. Despite their importance and
potential, relatively little research has been done on saline lake salt mixtures
from atmospheric perspectives. In this study, we use experimental and model
methods to evaluate the hygroscopic properties of saline lake brines, fresh salt
aerosol particles, and aged salt aerosol particles. Both original samples and
literature data are investigated. The original brine samples are collected from
six salt lakes in Shanxi and Qinghai provinces in China. The ionic compositions
of the brines are determined and the hygroscopicity measurements are performed
on crystallized brines. The experimental results agree well with theoretical
deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) values estimated by a thermodynamic model.
The correlations between DRHs of different salt components and the correlations
between DRHs and ionic concentrations are presented and discussed. Positive
matrix factorization (PMF) analysis is performed on the ionic concentrations
data and the hygroscopicity results, and the solutions are interpreted and
discussed. The fresh and aged salt aerosol particles are analyzed in the same
way as the brines, and the comparison shows that the aged salt aerosol particles
completely alter their hygroscopic property, i.e., transferring from MgCl2−
governed to NH4NO3− governed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical and Chemical Properties of
Aerosols and Their Role in Weather and Climate)
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