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2,240 articles powered by Scitap
>ALL >Rotary evaporators >Magnetic stirrers >Overhead stirrers >Shakers and
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Metformin HCl-loaded transethosomal gel; development, characterization, and
antidiabetic potential evaluation in the diabetes-induced rat model.
2023, Drug Deliv, Nousheen K, Din FU, Jamshaid H, Afza R, Khan SU, Malik M, Ali
Z, Batool S, Zeb A, Yousaf AM, Almari AH, Alqahtani S, Khan S, Khan GM.
abstract(hide) article
Herein we designed, optimized, and characterized the Metformin Hydrochloride
Transethosomes (MTF-TES) and incorporate them into Chitosan gel to develop
Metformin Hydrochloride loaded Transethosomal gel (MTF-TES gel) that provides a
sustained release, improved transdermal flux and improved antidiabetic response
of MTF. Design Expert® software (Ver. 12, Stat-Ease, USA) was applied for the
statistical optimization of MTF-TES. The formulation with Mean Particle Size
Distribution (MPSD) of 165.4 ± 2.3 nm, Zeta Potential (ZP) of -21.2 ± 1.9 mV,
Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.169 ± 0.033, and MTF percent Entrapment
Efficiency (%EE) of 89.76 ± 4.12 was considered to be optimized. To check the
chemical incompatibility among the MTF and other formulation components, Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed and demonstrated with no
chemical interaction. Surface morphology, uniformity, and segregation were
evaluated through Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). It was revealed that
the nanoparticles were spherical and round in form with intact borders. The
fabricated MTF-TES has shown sustained release followed by a more pronounced
effect in MTF-TES gel as compared to the plain MTF solution (MTFS) at a pH of
7.4. The MTF-TES has shown enhanced permeation followed by MTF-TES gel as
compared to the MTFS at a pH of 7.4. In vivo antidiabetic assay was performed
and results have shown improved antidiabetic potential of the MTF-TES gel, in
contrast to MTF-gel. Conclusively, MTF-TES is a promising anti-diabetic
candidate for transdermal drug delivery that can provide sustained MTF release
and enhanced antidiabetic effect. (hide) Antibacterial potential of
biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Nepeta sessilifolia Bunge and Salvia
hydrangea DC. ex Benth. extracts from the natural habitats of Iran's Rangelands.
2023, BMC Complement Med Ther, Ghavam M.
abstract(hide) article
BackgroundNowadays, the use of herbal extracts for the production of
nanoparticles has attracted a lot of attention due to the fast reaction,
economy, and compatibility with the environment. The aim of the present study is
the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from the extracts of Nepeta
sessilifolia Bunge and Salvia hydrangea DC. ex Benth. and their antibacterial
activity was measured.MethodsFor this purpose, the flowering branch of N.
sessilifolia and the flower of S. hydrangea were randomly collected from three
places, respectively, from the rangelands of Aqdash Mountain and Biabe in
Isfahan province, Iran in May 2021. After extracting aqueous extracts by hot
method, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the biological method. Green
synthesized silver nanoparticles were analyzed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD,
FTIR, and FESEM-EDAX. The antibacterial effect was evaluated by diffusion method
in agar and determination of minimum growth inhibitory and lethal concentration
(MIC and MBC) by dilution method in liquid culture medium.ResultsBased on the
results of UV-Vis spectroscopy, silver nanoparticles synthesized from N.
sessilifolia and S. hydrangea had distinct absorption peaks at wavelengths of
407 to 424 nm and 414 to 415 nm, respectively. The crystalline nature of these
synthetic silver nanoparticles was confirmed by XRD. FESEM analysis showed that
the size of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from N. sessilifolia and S.
hydrangea extracts were 10-50 nm and 10-80 nm, respectively, and were cubic. The
results of diffusion in agar showed that the largest diameter of the growth
inhibition zone belonging to the synthetic silver nanoparticles from both
extracts of N. sessilifolia (~ 26.00 mm) and S. hydrangea (~ 23.50 mm) was
against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The most vigorous killing
activity by synthetic silver nanoparticles from N. sessilifolia extract was
against Klebsiella pneumoniae with a value of 250 μg/mL, two times stronger than
rifampin.ConclusionTherefore, the studied extracts can be suitable options for
fast and safe green synthesis of silver nanoparticles effective against some
bacterial strains. These synthetic silver nanoparticles can be used as possible
options and have strong potential for the production of natural antibiotics.
(hide) Adverse outcome pathway-based analysis of liver steatosis in vitro using
human liver cell lines.
2023, STAR Protoc, Karaca M, Fritsche K, Lichtenstein D, Vural Ö, Kreuzer K,
Alarcan J, Braeuning A, Marx-Stoelting P, Tralau T.
abstract(hide) article
Here, we present an in vitro test battery to analyze chemicals for their
potential to induce liver triglyceride accumulation, a hallmark of liver
steatosis. We describe steps for using HepG2 and HepaRG human hepatoma cells in
conjunction with a combination of several in vitro assays covering the different
molecular initiating events and key events of the respective adverse outcome
pathway. This protocol is suitable for assessing single substance effects as
well as mixtures allowing their classification as steatotic or non-steatotic.
For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to
Luckert et al. (2018),1 Lichtenstein et al. (2020),2 and Knebel et al. (2019).3.
(hide) Phytochemical fingerprint and biological activity of raw and heat-treated
Ornithogalum umbellatum.
2023, Sci Rep, Akgeyik AU, Yalçın E, Çavuşoğlu K.
abstract(hide) article
The plants that we use as food in our daily diet and as risk preventers against
many diseases have many biological and pharmacological activities. The heat
treatments applied during the cooking of the plants cause changes in the
phytochemical content and bioactivity. In this study, the phytochemical
fingerprint and biological activities of raw and heat-treated extracts of
Ornithogalum umbellatum L., which is widely consumed in the Black Sea region,
were investigated. The bulb and leaf parts of the plant consumed as food were
dried in an oven at 35 °C and then ground into powder. For heat treatment, the
plant was boiled at 100 °C for 20 min. Differences in phytochemical contents of
raw and heat-treated extracts were determined by ICP-MS, LC-MS/MS, and FTIR
analysis. Biological activity was investigated with antiradical, antimicrobial,
antimutagenic and antiproliferative activity tests. In this way, the effect of
heat treatment on both the phytochemical content and biological activity of the
O. umbellatum extract was determined. Gallic acid, procateuic acid and caffeic
acid were found as the main compounds in the O. umbellatum extract, while the
presence of procateuic aldehyde, vanillin and kaempferol in minor proportions
was determined. There was a significant decrease in phenolic compound levels
after heat treatment and gallic acid content decreased by 92.6%, procateuic acid
content by 90% and caffeic acid content by 84.8%. Significant differences were
detected in macro and micro element levels after heat treatment in ICP-MS
results. While Cd, Ba and Zn levels of the raw extract increased; Na, Mg, K, Fe,
U, Co levels decreased significantly. In FTIR spectrum, shifts and
disappearances were observed in some of the vibrations and the emergence of new
vibrations was also determined after heat treatment. Raw extract exhibited
strong scavenging activity against H2O2 and DPPH and had a broad spectrum
antimicrobial property. As a result of heat application, regressions were
detected in antiradicalic, antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Antimutagenic and antiproliferative activities were determined by the Allium
test and a significant decrease in both activities and loss of activity against
some chromosomal abnormalities were determined after heat treatment. While the
antiproliferative activity of the raw extract was 20%, the activity of the
heat-treated extract decreased to 7.6%. The raw extract showed the strongest
antimutagenic effect with 69.8% against the unequal distribution of chromatin.
Similarly, the antimutagenic activity of the extract, which reduced the bridges
by 56.1%, decreased to 0.74% after heat treatment and almost lost its
antimutagenic activity. The biological activities of raw O. umbellatum are
closely related to the major compounds it contains, and the decrease in the
levels of these compounds with the effect of heat was reflected in the activity.
Studies investigating the phytochemical contents of plants are very important
and the studies investigating biological activities related to phytochemical
content are more remarkable. In this study, the phytochemical fingerprint of O.
umbellatum was determined, its biological activities were related to the
compounds it contained, and the biological activity was found to be heat
sensitive. (hide) Extraction of rare earth elements from aqueous solutions using
the ionic liquid trihexyltetradecylphosphonium 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate.
2023, RSC Adv, Gradwohl A, Windisch J, Weissensteiner M, Keppler BK, Kandioller
W, Jirsa F.
abstract(hide) article
The task-specific ionic liquid trihexyltetradecylphosphonium
3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate has been described as a suitable extraction agent for
numerous metals from aqueous phases, while additionally providing reduced
leaching into the used matrices. Here, we investigate the extraction properties
of this extractant towards rare earth elements. Of these, La, Ce, Nd, Ho und Lu
were chosen as a representative mix of light and heavy elements. Single- as well
as double-element extractions were carried out under varying conditions
regarding pH, temperature and extraction time. The highest extraction efficacies
and minimalized precipitation of the respective metals were recorded at a pH of
2.5. Satisfactory extraction efficacies (>80%) were achieved already after 6
hours for the elements Ce, Nd and Lu in single-element extraction experiments at
room temperature. Increased temperatures improved the extraction efficacy for Nd
from 36% at 20 °C to 80% at 30 °C after only 2 hours. Surprisingly, this effect
was not observed for Ce in single-element experiments. In double-element feed
solutions containing both Ce and Nd, however, the time-dependant extraction
efficacy of Ce mirrored that of Nd. The pH in the aqueous extraction matrix
changed during the extraction, showing a positive correlation with the
extraction efficacy and revealing the extraction mechanism to be via anion
exchange. The leaching was in good agreement with literature values, showed a
positive correlation with extraction efficacies, and ranged for all extractions
between 0.8 and 1.2%. Remarkably, increasing the temperature from 20 °C to 30 °C
had no significant influence on leaching. (hide) Antiviral Activities of
Streptomyces KSF 103 Methanolic Extracts against Dengue Virus Type-2.
2023, Viruses, Zulkifli N, Khairat JE, Azman AS, Baharudin NM, Malek NA, Zainal
Abidin SA, AbuBakar S, Hassandarvish P.
abstract(hide) article
Dengue has long been a serious health burden to the global community, especially
for those living in the tropics. Despite the availability of vaccines, effective
treatment for the infection is still needed and currently remains absent. In the
present study, the antiviral properties of the Streptomyces sp. KSF 103
methanolic extract (Streptomyces KSF 103 ME), which consists of a number of
potential antiviral compounds, were investigated against dengue virus serotype 2
(DENV-2). The effects of this extract against DENV-2 replication were determined
using the quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Findings
from the study suggested that the Streptomyces KSF 103 ME showed maximum
inhibitory properties toward the virus during the virus entry stage at
concentrations of more than 12.5 µg/mL. Minimal antiviral activities were
observed at other virus replication stages; adsorption (42% reduction at 50
µg/mL), post-adsorption (67.6% reduction at 50 µg/mL), prophylactic treatment
(68.4% and 87.7% reductions at 50 µg/mL and 25 µg/mL, respectively), and direct
virucidal assay (48% and 56.8% reductions at 50 µg/mL and 25 µg/mL,
respectively). The Streptomyces KSF 103 ME inhibited dengue virus replication
with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 20.3 µg/mL and an
International System of Units (SI) value of 38.9. The Streptomyces KSF 103 ME
showed potent antiviral properties against dengue virus (DENV) during the entry
stage. Further studies will be needed to deduce the antiviral mechanisms of the
Streptomyces KSF 103 ME against DENV. (hide) Detailed Metabolic Characterization
of Flowers and Hips of Rosa gallica L. Grown in Open Nature.
2023, Plants (Basel), Kunc N, Hudina M, Mikulič-Petkovšek M, Bavcon J, Ravnjak
B, Osterc G.
abstract(hide) article
Our research aimed to investigate the primary and secondary metabolites of
rosehips and petals of R. gallica in comparison with R. subcanina. R. gallica
was chosen because it is still unexplored in terms of various bioactive
substances and is strongly present in Slovenia. Given that roses are generally
very variable and unstudied, our research will contribute to greater
transparency and knowledge of the bioactive composition of rosehips and petals.
We found a strong positive correlation between the total content of phenolics
and ascorbic acid, between the total content of organic acids and the total
content of carotenoids, and between the total content of sugars and the total
content of organic acids. Hips of R. gallica contained higher amounts of sugars,
ascorbic acid, and carotenoids than R. subcanina. Based on the composition of
phenolic compounds in the petals, it is possible to distinguish between the two
species. Among all the phenolic compounds in the petals, both genotypes are
richest in gallotannins, followed by flavonols. Among anthocyanins,
cyanidin-3-glucoside was determined, the content of which was also higher in R.
gallica. It can be concluded that the studied hips had an extremely low sugar
content and, consequently, an extremely high organic acid content. The content
of carotenoids in hips was in the lower range of the average content compared to
data from the literature. By optimizing the harvesting time, we could obtain a
higher content of carotenoids, which could potentially be used for industrial
purposes. However, we found that the analyzed petals were a rich source of
phenolic compounds, which benefit the human body and could be potentially used
in the food and cosmetic industries. (hide) Analytical Method Optimization of
Tetrodotoxin and Its Contamination in Gastropods.
2023, Foods, Han JL, Zhang L, Zhou PP, Xu JJ, Pan XD, Cao P, Xu XM.
abstract(hide) article
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is an extremely potent marine biotoxin. An analytical method
was developed for both trace contamination and extremely high levels of TTX in
gastropods by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with
clean-up of cation exchange solid phase extraction (SPE) in this study. The
limit of detection (LOD) in the sample matrix was 0.5 μg/kg. With the
calibration of a screened internal standard (validamycin, IS), the linear range
was 0.1-100 ng/mL (1.5-1500 μg/kg in sample matrix) with a correlation
coefficient of r2 > 0.999. The average recoveries at three spiking levels (1.5
μg/kg, 44 μg/kg, and 1500 μg/kg) were 82.6-94.4% with relative standard
deviations (RSDs) less than 8.4%. TTX levels in seven gastropods (741 samples)
were studied. The contamination and analogues in Neverita didyma (N. didyma, 565
samples collected in Zhejiang province, China, from 2016 to 2022) were first
reported. The detection rate of TTX in N. didyma was 34.2%. The average
concentration was 23.1 μg/kg, and the maximum value was 2327 μg/kg. The time
distribution study indicated that high contaminations of TTX occurred from May
to August for N. didyma. (hide) Chemical Analysis of Various Tea Samples
Concerning Volatile Compounds, Fatty Acids, Minerals and Assessment of Their
Thermal Behavior.
2023, Foods, Dippong T, Cadar O, Kovacs MH, Dan M, Senila L.
abstract(hide) article
Tea is the most consumed drink worldwide due to its pleasant taste and various
beneficial effects on human health. This paper assesses the physicochemical
analysis of different varieties of tea (leaves, flowers, and instant) after
prior drying and fine grinding. The thermal decomposition behavior of the tea
components shows that the tea has three stages of decomposition, depending on
temperature. The first stage was attributed to the volatilization of water,
while the second stage involved the degradation of volatiles, polyphenols, and
fatty acids. The degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content
occurs at the highest temperature of 400 °C in the third stage. A total of 66
volatile compounds, divided into eight classes, were identified in the tea
samples. The volatile compounds were classified into nine odor classes: floral,
fruity, green, sweet, chemical, woody, citrus, roasted, and alcohol. In all
flower and leaf tea samples, monounsaturated (MUFAs), polyunsaturated (PUFAs),
and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were identified. A high content of omega-6 was
quantified in acacia, Saint John's Wort, rose, and yarrow, while omega-3 was
found in mint, Saint John's Wort, green, blueberry, and lavender samples. The
flower and leaf tea samples studied could be a good dietary source of
polyphenolic compounds, essential elements. In instant tea samples, a low
quantity of polyphenols and major elements were identified. The physicochemical
analysis demonstrated that both flower and leaf teas have high-quality
properties when compared to instant tea. (hide) Iron Chelation Property,
Antioxidant Activity, and Hepatoprotective Effect of 6-Gingerol-Rich Ginger
(Zingiber officinale) Extract in Iron-Loaded Huh7 Cells.
2023, Plants (Basel), Chuljerm H, Paradee N, Katekaew D, Nantachai P, Settakorn
K, Srichairatanakool S, Koonyosying P.
abstract(hide) article
Iron is essential for numerous biological processes; however, an iron imbalance
can contribute to a number of diseases. An excess of iron can accumulate in the
body and subsequently induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS),
leading to oxidative tissue damage and organ dysfunction. The liver, a major
iron storage site, is vulnerable to this iron-induced oxidative damage; however,
this issue can be overcome by the chelation of excess iron. This study aimed to
investigate the effect of 6-gingerol-rich ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract
on iron chelation, antioxidation, and hepatoprotective function in protecting
against iron-induced oxidative liver cell injury. In experiments, 6-gingerol was
confirmed to be a main bioactive component of the ginger extract and possessed
free radical scavenging activity, decreasing ABTS•+ and DPPH• radical levels,
and inhibiting AAPH-induced red blood cell hemolysis. Interestingly, the extract
significantly reduced the levels of labile cellular iron (LCI), intracellular
ROS, and lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) in iron-loaded human hepatoma
(Huh7) cells. In conclusion, this work highlights the iron chelation property of
6-gingerol-rich ginger extract and its antioxidant activity, which could
potentially protect the liver from iron-induced oxidative tissue damage. (hide)
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Metformin HCl-loaded transethosomal gel; development, characterization, and
antidiabetic potential evaluation in the diabetes-induced rat model.
2023, Drug Deliv, Nousheen K, Din FU, Jamshaid H, Afza R, Khan SU, Malik M, Ali
Z, Batool S, Zeb A, Yousaf AM, Almari AH, Alqahtani S, Khan S, Khan GM.
abstract(hide) article
Herein we designed, optimized, and characterized the Metformin Hydrochloride
Transethosomes (MTF-TES) and incorporate them into Chitosan gel to develop
Metformin Hydrochloride loaded Transethosomal gel (MTF-TES gel) that provides a
sustained release, improved transdermal flux and improved antidiabetic response
of MTF. Design Expert® software (Ver. 12, Stat-Ease, USA) was applied for the
statistical optimization of MTF-TES. The formulation with Mean Particle Size
Distribution (MPSD) of 165.4 ± 2.3 nm, Zeta Potential (ZP) of -21.2 ± 1.9 mV,
Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.169 ± 0.033, and MTF percent Entrapment
Efficiency (%EE) of 89.76 ± 4.12 was considered to be optimized. To check the
chemical incompatibility among the MTF and other formulation components, Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed and demonstrated with no
chemical interaction. Surface morphology, uniformity, and segregation were
evaluated through Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). It was revealed that
the nanoparticles were spherical and round in form with intact borders. The
fabricated MTF-TES has shown sustained release followed by a more pronounced
effect in MTF-TES gel as compared to the plain MTF solution (MTFS) at a pH of
7.4. The MTF-TES has shown enhanced permeation followed by MTF-TES gel as
compared to the MTFS at a pH of 7.4. In vivo antidiabetic assay was performed
and results have shown improved antidiabetic potential of the MTF-TES gel, in
contrast to MTF-gel. Conclusively, MTF-TES is a promising anti-diabetic
candidate for transdermal drug delivery that can provide sustained MTF release
and enhanced antidiabetic effect. (hide) Antibacterial potential of
biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Nepeta sessilifolia Bunge and Salvia
hydrangea DC. ex Benth. extracts from the natural habitats of Iran's Rangelands.
2023, BMC Complement Med Ther, Ghavam M.
abstract(hide) article
BackgroundNowadays, the use of herbal extracts for the production of
nanoparticles has attracted a lot of attention due to the fast reaction,
economy, and compatibility with the environment. The aim of the present study is
the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from the extracts of Nepeta
sessilifolia Bunge and Salvia hydrangea DC. ex Benth. and their antibacterial
activity was measured.MethodsFor this purpose, the flowering branch of N.
sessilifolia and the flower of S. hydrangea were randomly collected from three
places, respectively, from the rangelands of Aqdash Mountain and Biabe in
Isfahan province, Iran in May 2021. After extracting aqueous extracts by hot
method, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the biological method. Green
synthesized silver nanoparticles were analyzed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD,
FTIR, and FESEM-EDAX. The antibacterial effect was evaluated by diffusion method
in agar and determination of minimum growth inhibitory and lethal concentration
(MIC and MBC) by dilution method in liquid culture medium.ResultsBased on the
results of UV-Vis spectroscopy, silver nanoparticles synthesized from N.
sessilifolia and S. hydrangea had distinct absorption peaks at wavelengths of
407 to 424 nm and 414 to 415 nm, respectively. The crystalline nature of these
synthetic silver nanoparticles was confirmed by XRD. FESEM analysis showed that
the size of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from N. sessilifolia and S.
hydrangea extracts were 10-50 nm and 10-80 nm, respectively, and were cubic. The
results of diffusion in agar showed that the largest diameter of the growth
inhibition zone belonging to the synthetic silver nanoparticles from both
extracts of N. sessilifolia (~ 26.00 mm) and S. hydrangea (~ 23.50 mm) was
against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The most vigorous killing
activity by synthetic silver nanoparticles from N. sessilifolia extract was
against Klebsiella pneumoniae with a value of 250 μg/mL, two times stronger than
rifampin.ConclusionTherefore, the studied extracts can be suitable options for
fast and safe green synthesis of silver nanoparticles effective against some
bacterial strains. These synthetic silver nanoparticles can be used as possible
options and have strong potential for the production of natural antibiotics.
(hide) Phytochemical fingerprint and biological activity of raw and heat-treated
Ornithogalum umbellatum.
2023, Sci Rep, Akgeyik AU, Yalçın E, Çavuşoğlu K.
abstract(hide) article
The plants that we use as food in our daily diet and as risk preventers against
many diseases have many biological and pharmacological activities. The heat
treatments applied during the cooking of the plants cause changes in the
phytochemical content and bioactivity. In this study, the phytochemical
fingerprint and biological activities of raw and heat-treated extracts of
Ornithogalum umbellatum L., which is widely consumed in the Black Sea region,
were investigated. The bulb and leaf parts of the plant consumed as food were
dried in an oven at 35 °C and then ground into powder. For heat treatment, the
plant was boiled at 100 °C for 20 min. Differences in phytochemical contents of
raw and heat-treated extracts were determined by ICP-MS, LC-MS/MS, and FTIR
analysis. Biological activity was investigated with antiradical, antimicrobial,
antimutagenic and antiproliferative activity tests. In this way, the effect of
heat treatment on both the phytochemical content and biological activity of the
O. umbellatum extract was determined. Gallic acid, procateuic acid and caffeic
acid were found as the main compounds in the O. umbellatum extract, while the
presence of procateuic aldehyde, vanillin and kaempferol in minor proportions
was determined. There was a significant decrease in phenolic compound levels
after heat treatment and gallic acid content decreased by 92.6%, procateuic acid
content by 90% and caffeic acid content by 84.8%. Significant differences were
detected in macro and micro element levels after heat treatment in ICP-MS
results. While Cd, Ba and Zn levels of the raw extract increased; Na, Mg, K, Fe,
U, Co levels decreased significantly. In FTIR spectrum, shifts and
disappearances were observed in some of the vibrations and the emergence of new
vibrations was also determined after heat treatment. Raw extract exhibited
strong scavenging activity against H2O2 and DPPH and had a broad spectrum
antimicrobial property. As a result of heat application, regressions were
detected in antiradicalic, antibacterial and antifungal activities.
Antimutagenic and antiproliferative activities were determined by the Allium
test and a significant decrease in both activities and loss of activity against
some chromosomal abnormalities were determined after heat treatment. While the
antiproliferative activity of the raw extract was 20%, the activity of the
heat-treated extract decreased to 7.6%. The raw extract showed the strongest
antimutagenic effect with 69.8% against the unequal distribution of chromatin.
Similarly, the antimutagenic activity of the extract, which reduced the bridges
by 56.1%, decreased to 0.74% after heat treatment and almost lost its
antimutagenic activity. The biological activities of raw O. umbellatum are
closely related to the major compounds it contains, and the decrease in the
levels of these compounds with the effect of heat was reflected in the activity.
Studies investigating the phytochemical contents of plants are very important
and the studies investigating biological activities related to phytochemical
content are more remarkable. In this study, the phytochemical fingerprint of O.
umbellatum was determined, its biological activities were related to the
compounds it contained, and the biological activity was found to be heat
sensitive. (hide) Antiviral Activities of Streptomyces KSF 103 Methanolic
Extracts against Dengue Virus Type-2.
2023, Viruses, Zulkifli N, Khairat JE, Azman AS, Baharudin NM, Malek NA, Zainal
Abidin SA, AbuBakar S, Hassandarvish P.
abstract(hide) article
Dengue has long been a serious health burden to the global community, especially
for those living in the tropics. Despite the availability of vaccines, effective
treatment for the infection is still needed and currently remains absent. In the
present study, the antiviral properties of the Streptomyces sp. KSF 103
methanolic extract (Streptomyces KSF 103 ME), which consists of a number of
potential antiviral compounds, were investigated against dengue virus serotype 2
(DENV-2). The effects of this extract against DENV-2 replication were determined
using the quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Findings
from the study suggested that the Streptomyces KSF 103 ME showed maximum
inhibitory properties toward the virus during the virus entry stage at
concentrations of more than 12.5 µg/mL. Minimal antiviral activities were
observed at other virus replication stages; adsorption (42% reduction at 50
µg/mL), post-adsorption (67.6% reduction at 50 µg/mL), prophylactic treatment
(68.4% and 87.7% reductions at 50 µg/mL and 25 µg/mL, respectively), and direct
virucidal assay (48% and 56.8% reductions at 50 µg/mL and 25 µg/mL,
respectively). The Streptomyces KSF 103 ME inhibited dengue virus replication
with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 20.3 µg/mL and an
International System of Units (SI) value of 38.9. The Streptomyces KSF 103 ME
showed potent antiviral properties against dengue virus (DENV) during the entry
stage. Further studies will be needed to deduce the antiviral mechanisms of the
Streptomyces KSF 103 ME against DENV. (hide) Chemical Analysis of Various Tea
Samples Concerning Volatile Compounds, Fatty Acids, Minerals and Assessment of
Their Thermal Behavior.
2023, Foods, Dippong T, Cadar O, Kovacs MH, Dan M, Senila L.
abstract(hide) article
Tea is the most consumed drink worldwide due to its pleasant taste and various
beneficial effects on human health. This paper assesses the physicochemical
analysis of different varieties of tea (leaves, flowers, and instant) after
prior drying and fine grinding. The thermal decomposition behavior of the tea
components shows that the tea has three stages of decomposition, depending on
temperature. The first stage was attributed to the volatilization of water,
while the second stage involved the degradation of volatiles, polyphenols, and
fatty acids. The degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content
occurs at the highest temperature of 400 °C in the third stage. A total of 66
volatile compounds, divided into eight classes, were identified in the tea
samples. The volatile compounds were classified into nine odor classes: floral,
fruity, green, sweet, chemical, woody, citrus, roasted, and alcohol. In all
flower and leaf tea samples, monounsaturated (MUFAs), polyunsaturated (PUFAs),
and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were identified. A high content of omega-6 was
quantified in acacia, Saint John's Wort, rose, and yarrow, while omega-3 was
found in mint, Saint John's Wort, green, blueberry, and lavender samples. The
flower and leaf tea samples studied could be a good dietary source of
polyphenolic compounds, essential elements. In instant tea samples, a low
quantity of polyphenols and major elements were identified. The physicochemical
analysis demonstrated that both flower and leaf teas have high-quality
properties when compared to instant tea. (hide) Iron Chelation Property,
Antioxidant Activity, and Hepatoprotective Effect of 6-Gingerol-Rich Ginger
(Zingiber officinale) Extract in Iron-Loaded Huh7 Cells.
2023, Plants (Basel), Chuljerm H, Paradee N, Katekaew D, Nantachai P, Settakorn
K, Srichairatanakool S, Koonyosying P.
abstract(hide) article
Iron is essential for numerous biological processes; however, an iron imbalance
can contribute to a number of diseases. An excess of iron can accumulate in the
body and subsequently induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS),
leading to oxidative tissue damage and organ dysfunction. The liver, a major
iron storage site, is vulnerable to this iron-induced oxidative damage; however,
this issue can be overcome by the chelation of excess iron. This study aimed to
investigate the effect of 6-gingerol-rich ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract
on iron chelation, antioxidation, and hepatoprotective function in protecting
against iron-induced oxidative liver cell injury. In experiments, 6-gingerol was
confirmed to be a main bioactive component of the ginger extract and possessed
free radical scavenging activity, decreasing ABTS•+ and DPPH• radical levels,
and inhibiting AAPH-induced red blood cell hemolysis. Interestingly, the extract
significantly reduced the levels of labile cellular iron (LCI), intracellular
ROS, and lipid peroxidation products (TBARS) in iron-loaded human hepatoma
(Huh7) cells. In conclusion, this work highlights the iron chelation property of
6-gingerol-rich ginger extract and its antioxidant activity, which could
potentially protect the liver from iron-induced oxidative tissue damage. (hide)
Delivery of RNA to the Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelium Using Cationic Bicelles.
2023, Pharmaceutics, Cheng J, Wang L, Guttha V, Haugstad G, Kandimalla KK.
abstract(hide) article
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is prevalent in Alzheimer's disease and
other neurological disorders. Restoring normal BBB function through RNA therapy
is a potential avenue for addressing cerebrovascular changes in these disorders
that may lead to cognitive decline. Although lipid nanoparticles have been
traditionally used as drug carriers for RNA, bicelles have been emerging as a
better alternative because of their higher cellular uptake and superior
transfection capabilities. Cationic bicelles composed of DPPC/DC7PC/DOTAP at
molar ratios of 63.8/25.0/11.2 were evaluated for the delivery of RNA in
polarized hCMEC/D3 monolayers, a widely used BBB cell culture model. RNA-bicelle
complexes were formed at five N/P ratios (1:1 to 5:1) by a thin-film hydration
method. The RNA-bicelle complexes at N/P ratios of 3:1 and 4:1 exhibited optimal
particle characteristics for cellular delivery. The cellular uptake of cationic
bicelles laced with 1 mol% DiI-C18 was confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal
microscopy. The ability of cationic bicelles (N/P ratio 4:1) to transfect
polarized hCMEC/D3 with FITC-labeled control siRNA was tested vis-a-vis
commercially available Lipofectamine RNAiMAX. These studies demonstrated the
higher transfection efficiency and greater potential of cationic bicelles for
RNA delivery to the BBB endothelium. (hide) Uncovering the Grinnellian niche
space of the cryptic species complex Gammarus roeselii.
2023, PeerJ, Kabus J, Cunze S, Dombrowski A, Karaouzas I, Shumka S, Jourdan J.
abstract(hide) article
BackgroundThe discovery of cryptic species complexes within morphologically
established species comes with challenges in the classification and handling of
these species. We hardly know to what extent species within a species complex
differ ecologically. Such knowledge is essential to assess the vulnerability of
individual genetic lineages in the face of global change. The abiotic
conditions, i.e., the Grinnellian niche that a genetic lineage colonizes,
provides insights into how diverse the ecological requirements of each
evolutionary lineage are within a species complex.Material and methodsWe sampled
the cryptic species complex of the amphipod Gammarus roeselii from Central
Germany to Greece and identified genetic lineages based on cytochrome c oxidase
subunit I (COI) barcoding. At the same time, we recorded various abiotic
parameters and local pollution parameters using a series of in vitro assays to
then characterize the Grinnellian niches of the morphospecies (i.e., Gammarus
roeselii sensu lato) as well as each genetic lineage. Local pollution can be a
significant factor explaining current and future distributions in times of
increasing production and release of chemicals into surface waters.ResultsWe
identified five spatially structured genetic lineages in our dataset that
differed to varying degrees in their Grinnellian niche. In some cases, the
niches were very similar despite the geographical separation of lineages,
supporting the hypothesis of niche conservatism while being allopatrically
separated. In other cases, we found a small niche that was clearly different
from those of other genetic lineages.ConclusionThe variable niches and overlaps
of different dimensions make the G. roeselii species complex a promising model
system to further study ecological, phenotypic and functional differentiation
within this species complex. In general, our results show that the Grinnellian
niches of genetically distinct molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs)
within a cryptic species complex can differ significantly between each other,
calling for closer inspection of cryptic species in a conservational and
biodiversity context. (hide) Antarctic Soil Metabolomics: A Pilot Study.
2023, Int J Mol Sci, Ciaramelli C, Palmioli A, Brioschi M, Viglio S, D'Amato M,
Iadarola P, Tosi S, Zucconi L, Airoldi C.
abstract(hide) article
In Antarctica, ice-free areas can be found along the coast, on mountain peaks,
and in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, where microorganisms well-adapted to harsh
conditions can survive and reproduce. Metabolic analyses can shed light on the
survival mechanisms of Antarctic soil communities from both coastal sites, under
different plant coverage stages, and inner sites where slow-growing or dormant
microorganisms, low water availability, salt accumulation, and a limited number
of primary producers make metabolomic profiling difficult. Here, we report, for
the first time, an efficient protocol for the extraction and the metabolic
profiling of Antarctic soils based on the combination of NMR spectroscopy and
mass spectrometry (MS). This approach was set up on samples harvested along
different localities of Victoria Land, in continental Antarctica, devoid of or
covered by differently developed biological crusts. NMR allowed for the
identification of thirty metabolites (mainly sugars, amino acids, and organic
acids) and the quantification of just over twenty of them. UPLC-MS analysis
identified more than twenty other metabolites, in particular flavonoids, medium-
and long-chain fatty acids, benzoic acid derivatives, anthracenes, and quinones.
Our results highlighted the complementarity of the two analytical techniques.
Moreover, we demonstrated that their combined use represents the "gold standard"
for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of little-explored samples, such
as those collected from Antarctic soils. (hide) Effect of an NGR Peptide on the
Efficacy of the Doxorubicin Phospholipid Delivery System.
2023, Nanomaterials (Basel), Kostryukova LV, Tereshkina YA, Tikhonova EG,
Khudoklinova YY, Bobrova DV, Gisina AM, Morozevich GE, Pronina VV, Bulko TV,
Shumyantseva VV.
abstract(hide) article
This study is a continuation of an investigation into the effect of a targeted
component, a peptide with an NGR, on the properties of the previously developed
doxorubicin phospholipid delivery system. The NGR peptide has an affinity for
aminopeptidase N (known as the CD13 marker on the membrane surface of tumor
cells) and has been extensively used to target drug delivery systems. This
article presents the results of a study investigating the physical properties of
the phospholipid composition with and without the peptide chain: particle size,
zeta potential, stability in fluids, and dependence of doxorubicin release from
nanoparticles at different pH levels (5.0, 6.5, 7.4). The cytotoxic effect of
the compositions has also been shown to depend on the dose of the drug used for
incubation, the presence of the targeted component in the composition, and the
time of incubation time of the substances. There was a significant difference in
the cytotoxic effect on HT-1080 (CD13-positive) and MCF-7 (CD13-negative) cells.
Cell death pathway analysis has shown that death occurred mainly by apoptosis.
We also present data on the effect of doxorubicin embedded in phospholipid
nanoparticles with the targeted peptide on DNA assessed by differential pulse
voltammetry, the mechanism of action being electrostatic interactions. The
interactions of native dsDNA with doxorubicin encapsulated in phospholipid
nanoparticles with the targeted peptide were studied electrochemically by
differential pulse voltammetry. Here, we have highlighted that the targeted
peptide in the doxorubicin composition moved specific interaction of the drug
with dsDNA from intercalative mode to electrostatic interactions. (hide) see
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Detergent Dissolution Intensification via Energy-Efficient Hydrodynamic
Cavitation Reactors.
2023, ACS Omega, Maleki M, Rokhsar Talabazar F, Seyedmirzaei Sarraf S, Sheibani
Aghdam A, Bayraktar S, Tuzcuoğlu E, Koşar A, Ghorbani M.
abstract(hide) article
In this study, we explored the potential of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) for use
in dissolution of liquid and powder detergents. For this, microfluidic and
polyether ether ketone (PEEK) tube HC reactors with different configurations
were employed, and the results from the reactors were compared with a magnetic
stirrer, as well as a tergotometer. According to our results PEEK tube HC
reactors present the best performance for dissolution of liquid and powder
detergents. In the case of liquid detergent, for the same level of initial
concentration and comparable final dissolution, the PEEK tube consumed 16.7 and
70% of the energy and time of a tergotometer and 16.7 and 14.8% of that of a
magnetic stirrer, respectively. In the case of powder detergent, the PEEK tube
used 12% less power than a tergotometer and 81.2% less power than a magnetic
stirrer. Additionally, the time required to dissolve the detergent was reduced
significantly from 1200 s in the tergotometer and 1800 s in the magnetic stirrer
to just 50 s in the PEEK tube. These results suggest that HC could significantly
improve the dissolution rate of liquid and powder detergents and energy
consumption in washing machines. (hide) Combined Effect of Citric Acid and
Polyphenol-Rich Grape Seed Extract towards Bioactive Smart Food Packaging
Systems.
2023, Polymers (Basel), Pažarauskaitė A, Noriega Fernández E, Sone I, Sivertsvik
M, Sharmin N.
abstract(hide) article
Alginate films (2% w·v-1) were prepared with varying concentrations (5-20% w/w)
of citric acid and aqueous grape seed extract (GSE) filtrate (11.66 ± 1.32 g
GAE/L) using the solvent-evaporation method. Crosslinking alginate via ester
bonds (FTIR analysis) with citric acid up to 10% (w/w) led to a 33% increase in
tensile strength, a 34% reduction in water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and
had no impact on elongation at break. Crosslinking alginate with citric acid in
the presence of GSE increased the tensile strength by 17%, decreased WVTR by
21%, and significantly improved DPPH scavenging activity. Moreover, after
incubation for 24 h at 37 °C, the film-forming solutions exhibited increased
antimicrobial activity, resulting in 0.5- and 2.5-log reductions for Escherichia
coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, compared to the values obtained
without the addition of GSE. The stronger inhibitory effect observed against
Gram-positive bacteria can be attributed to the unique composition and structure
of their cell walls, which creates a barrier that restricts the penetration of
polyphenols into the cells. The pH adjustment of the GSE film-forming solution
from 2.0 to 10.0 shifted the UV/VIS absorption spectra, resulting in a colour
change from yellow to red. The findings of this study have showcased the
potential of combining GSE and citric acid to enhance the functionality and
bioactivity of alginate films for applications in smart food packaging. (hide)
Engineering the Morphostructural Properties and Drug Loading Degree of
Organic-Inorganic Fluorouracil-MgAl LDH Nanohybrids by Rational Control of
Hydrothermal Treatment.
2023, ACS Omega, Ibanescu A, Olariu DI, Lutic D, Hulea V, Dragoi B.
abstract(hide) article
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) or hydrotalcite-like compounds have attracted
great attention for the delivery of anticancer drugs due to their 2D structure,
exhibiting a high surface-to-volume ratio and a high chemical versatility. The
drug is protected between the layers from which it is slowly released, thus
increasing the therapeutic effect and minimizing the side effects associated to
nonspecific targeting. This work aimed to design LDHs with Mg and Al (molar
ratio of 2/1) in brucite-like layers, which retained fluorouracil (5-FU; 5-FU/Al
= 1, molar ratio) in the interlayer gallery as the layers grow during the
co-precipitation step of the synthesis. To rationally control the
physicochemical properties, particularly the size of the crystallites, the aging
step following the co-precipitation was performed under carefully controlled
conditions by changing the time and temperature (i.e., 25 °C for 16 h, 100 °C
for 16 h, and 120 °C for 24 h). The results revealed the achievement of the
control of the size of the crystals, which are gathered in three different
agglomeration systems, from tight to loose, as well as the loading degree of the
drug in the final organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials. The role played by the
factors and parameters affecting the drug-controlled release was highlighted by
assessing the release behavior of 5-FU by changing the pH, solid mass/volume
ratio, and ionic strength. The results showed a pH-dependent behavior but not
necessarily in a direct proportionality. After a certain limit, the mass of the
solid diminishes the rate of release, whereas the ionic strength is essential
for the payload discharge. (hide) Interactive Effects of Ceftriaxone and
Chitosan Immobilization on the Production of Arachidonic Acid by and the
Microbiome of the Chlorophyte Lobosphaera sp. IPPAS C-2047.
2023, Int J Mol Sci, Vasilieva S, Lukyanov A, Antipova C, Grigoriev T, Lobakova
E, Chivkunova O, Scherbakov P, Zaytsev P, Gorelova O, Fedorenko T, Kochkin D,
Solovchenko A.
abstract(hide) article
Pharmaceuticals including antibiotics are among the hazardous micropollutants
(HMP) of the environment. Incomplete degradation of the HMP leads to their
persistence in water bodies causing a plethora of deleterious effects.
Conventional wastewater treatment cannot remove HMP completely and a promising
alternative comprises biotechnologies based on microalgae. The use of
immobilized microalgae in environmental biotechnology is advantageous since
immobilized cultures allow the recycling of the microalgal cells, support higher
cell densities, and boost tolerance of microalgae to stresses including HMP.
Here, we report on a comparative study of HMP (exemplified by the antibiotic
ceftriaxone, CTA) removal by suspended and chitosan-immobilized cells of
Lobosphaera sp. IPPAS C-2047 in flasks and in a column bioreactor. The removal
of CTA added in the concentration of 20 mg/L was as high as 65% (in the flasks)
or 85% (in the bioreactor). The adsorption on the carrier and abiotic oxidation
were the main processes contributing 65-70% to the total CTA removal, while both
suspended and immobilized cells took up 25-30% of CTA. Neither the
immobilization nor CTA affected the accumulation of arachidonic acid (ARA) by
Lobosphaera sp. during bioreactor tests but the subsequent nitrogen deprivation
increased ARA accumulation 2.5 and 1.7 times in the suspended and
chitosan-immobilized microalgae, respectively. The study of the Lobosphaera sp.
microbiome revealed that the immobilization of chitosan rather than the CTA
exposure was the main factor displacing the taxonomic composition of the
microbiome. The possibility and limitations of the use of chitosan-immobilized
Lobosphaera sp. IPPAS C-2047 for HMP removal coupled with the production of
valuable long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is discussed. (hide)
Quantitative elemental mapping of biological tissues by laser-induced breakdown
spectroscopy using matrix recognition.
2023, Sci Rep, Janovszky P, Kéri A, Palásti DJ, Brunnbauer L, Domoki F, Limbeck
A, Galbács G.
abstract(hide) article
The present study demonstrates the importance of converting signal intensity
maps of organic tissues collected by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
to elemental concentration maps and also proposes a methodology based on machine
learning for its execution. The proposed methodology employs matrix-matched
external calibration supported by a pixel-by-pixel automatic matrix (tissue
type) recognition performed by linear discriminant analysis of the spatially
resolved LIBS hyperspectral data set. On a swine (porcine) brain sample, we
successfully performed this matrix recognition with an accuracy of 98% for the
grey and white matter and we converted a LIBS intensity map of a tissue sample
to a correct concentration map for the elements Na, K and Mg. Found
concentrations in the grey and white matter agreed the element concentrations
published in the literature and our reference measurements. Our results revealed
that the actual concentration distribution in tissues can be quite different
from what is suggested by the LIBS signal intensity map, therefore this
conversion is always suggested to be performed if an accurate concentration
distribution is to be assessed. (hide) Composites Based on Poly(ε-caprolactone)
and Graphene Oxide Modified with Oligo/Poly(Glutamic Acid) as Biomaterials with
Osteoconductive Properties.
2023, Polymers (Basel), Solomakha O, Stepanova M, Gofman I, Nashchekina Y,
Rabchinskii M, Nashchekin A, Lavrentieva A, Korzhikova-Vlakh E.
abstract(hide) article
The development of new biodegradable biomaterials with osteoconductive
properties for bone tissue regeneration is one of the urgent tasks of modern
medicine. In this study, we proposed the pathway for graphene oxide (GO)
modification with oligo/poly(glutamic acid) (oligo/poly(Glu)) possessing
osteoconductive properties. The modification was confirmed by a number of
methods such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, quantitative amino acid
HPLC analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and
dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering. Modified GO was used as a filler
for poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) in the fabrication of composite films. The
mechanical properties of the biocomposites were compared with those obtained for
the PCL/GO composites. An 18-27% increase in elastic modulus was found for all
composites containing modified GO. No significant cytotoxicity of the GO and its
derivatives in human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) was revealed. Moreover, the
developed composites stimulated the proliferation of human mesenchymal stem
cells (hMSCs) adhered to the surface of the films in comparison with unfilled
PCL material. The osteoconductive properties of the PCL-based composites filled
with GO modified with oligo/poly(Glu) were confirmed via alkaline phosphatase
assay as well as calcein and alizarin red S staining after osteogenic
differentiation of hMSC in vitro. (hide) Carrier-Free Inhalable Dry
Microparticles of Celecoxib: Use of the Electrospraying Technique.
2023, Biomedicines, Jahangiri A, Nokhodchi A, Asare-Addo K, Salehzadeh E, Emami
S, Yaqoubi S, Hamishehkar H.
abstract(hide) article
Upregulation of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) plays an important role in lung cancer
pathogenesis. Celecoxib (CLX), a selective COX-2 inhibitor, may have beneficial
effects in COVID-19-induced inflammatory storms. The current study aimed to
develop carrier-free inhalable CLX microparticles by electrospraying as a dry
powder formulation for inhalation (DPI). CLX microparticles were prepared
through an electrospraying method using a suitable solvent mixture at two
different drug concentrations. The obtained powders were characterized in terms
of their morphology, solid state, dissolution behavior, and aerosolization
performance. Electrosprayed particles obtained from the ethanol-acetone solvent
mixture with a drug concentration of 3 % w/v exhibited the best in vitro
aerosolization properties. The value of the fine particle fraction obtained for
the engineered drug particles was 12-fold higher than that of the untreated CLX.
When the concentration of CLX was increased, a remarkable reduction in FPF was
obtained. The smallest median mass aerodynamic diameter was obtained from the
electrosprayed CLX at a 3% concentration (2.82 µm) compared to 5% (3.25 µm) and
untreated CLX (4.18 µm). DSC and FTIR experiments showed no change in drug
crystallinity or structure of the prepared powders during the electrospraying
process. The findings of this study suggest that electrospraying has potential
applications in the preparation of DPI formulations. (hide) Degradation and
Lifetime Prediction of Epoxy Composite Insulation Materials under High Relative
Humidity.
2023, Polymers (Basel), Ma J, Yang Y, Wang Q, Deng Y, Yap M, Chern WK, Oh JT,
Chen Z.
abstract(hide) article
Insulation failure of composite epoxy insulation materials in distribution
switchgear under the stress of heat and humidity is one of the leading causes of
damage to switchgear components. This work prepared composite epoxy insulation
materials by casting and curing a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A
(DGEBA)/anhydride/wollastonite composite system, and performed material
accelerated aging experiments under three conditions: 75 °C and 95% relative
humidity (RH), 85 °C and 95% RH, and 95 °C and 95% RH. Material, mechanical,
thermal, chemical, and microstructural properties were investigated. Based on
the IEC 60216-2 standard and our data, tensile strength and ester carbonyl bond
(C=O) absorption in infrared spectra were chosen as failure criteria. At the
failure points, the ester C=O absorption decreased to ~28% and the tensile
strength decreased to 50%. Accordingly, a lifetime prediction model was
established to estimate material lifetime at 25 °C and 95% RH to be 33.16 years.
The material degradation mechanism was attributed to the hydrolysis of epoxy
resin ester bonds into organic acids and alcohols under heat and humidity
stresses. Organic acids reacted with calcium ions (Ca2+) of fillers to form
carboxylate, which destroyed the resin-filler interface, resulting in a
hydrophilic surface and a decrease in mechanical strength. (hide) A Novel Edible
Coating Produced from a Wheat Gluten, Pistacia vera L. Resin, and Essential Oil
Blend: Antimicrobial Effects and Sensory Properties on Chicken Breast Fillets.
2023, Foods, Barazi AÖ, Mehmetoğlu AÇ, Erkmen O.
abstract(hide) article
Antimicrobial edible coatings can eliminate the risk of pathogen contamination
on the surface of poultry products during storage. In this study, an edible
coating (EC) based on wheat gluten, Pistacia vera L. tree resin (PVR), and the
essential oil (EO) of PVR was applied on chicken breast fillets (CBF) by a
dipping method to prevent the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria
monocytogenes. The samples were packed in foam trays wrapped with low-density
polyethylene stretch film and stored at 8 °C for 12 days to observe the
antimicrobial effects and sensory properties. The total bacteria count (TBC), L.
monocytogenes, and S. Typhimurium were recorded during storage. The samples
coated with EC, containing 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% v/v EO (ECEO), showed significant
decreases in microbial growth compared to the control samples. The growth of
TBC, L. monocytogenes, and S. Typhimurium was suppressed by 4.6, 3.2, and 1.6
logs, respectively, at the end of 12 days on the samples coated with ECEO (2%)
compared to the uncoated controls (p p p > 0.05) but increased the taste and
general acceptance scores. Therefore, ECEO (2%) can be a feasible and reliable
alternative to preserve CBFs without adversely affecting their sensory
properties. (hide) Improving the quality of the chicken fillet using chitosan,
gelatin, and starch coatings incorporated with bitter orange peel extract during
refrigeration.
2023, Food Sci Nutr, Azizkhani M, Kavosi S, Partovi R.
abstract(hide) article
The preserving potential of biopolymer coatings can be improved by adding
natural antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds. The objective of this study was
to evaluate the effect of natural coatings (gelatin (Gel), chitosan (Ch), and
modified starch (MS)) incorporated with bitter orange peel extract (BOE) on the
quality of the chicken fillets during cold. BOE had a high amount of phenolic
compounds (145.28 mgGAE/g). Coating the fillets with pure BOE exerted a higher
inhibitory effect against bacterial growth compared to composite coatings
without extract. Lower microbial count (2-3 log CFU/g on days 9 and 12 of
storage) was observed in the samples coated with composite biopolymers
incorporated with BOE in comparison to the coatings without BOE. Composite
coatings of Gel/MS/BOE showed lower FFA in the fillets followed by Gel/Ch/BOE
and MS/Ch/BOE. The lowest TVB-N belonged to MS/Ch/BOE followed by Gel/Ch/BOE and
Gel/MS/BOE which were 17.05, 17.39, and 19.40 mg/100 g at the end of the
storage. Among the samples, pure BOE, Gel/MS/BOE, Gel/Ch/BOE, and MS/Ch/BOE
showed the lowest peroxide value and the coatings containing chitosan had a
slower rate of hydroperoxide generation. Drip loss showed a descending trend in
all coated samples except for an enhancement in control and BOE-coated fillets,
6.42% and 6.39%, respectively, on day 12 of storage. Samples coated with Gel/MS
and Gel/MS/BOE had the lowest drip loss during the storage period (5.96% and
5.98%, respectively). It should be noted that coatings containing chitosan had
higher antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. The effect of the coatings as
antimicrobial barriers and preservative agents were as follows:
Gel/Ch/BOE > MS/Ch/BOE > Gel/MS/BOE. It can be concluded that the applied
composite coatings in this work have a high potential to maintain and improve
the quality of raw chicken fillets during storage in the refrigerator. (hide)
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Shortening replacement by emulsion and foam template hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose (HPMC)-based oleogels in puff pastry dough. Rheological and
texture properties.
2023, Curr Res Food Sci, Wang Q, Espert M, Salvador A, Sanz T.
abstract(hide) article
Shortening plays an essential function in the formulation of sweet laminated
bakery products, but has a potential health risk due to their high percentage of
saturated fatty acids. In this paper, the feasibility of hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose (HPMC) oleogels prepared with emulsion template (ET) and foam
template (FT) approaches as fat sources in a puff pastry dough was investigated.
Spreadability and thermal properties of control shortening, 100% ET and FT
oleogels and shortening/oleogel (50/50) blends were measured. The different
systems were applied as the fat source in a puff pastry dough, and their effect
on rheological and texture properties was investigated. Results showed that
partial replacement of shortening with oleogels could significantly decrease the
firmness values (from 115 to 26 N) (P < 0.05) and increased the spreadability of
shortening. The methodology to prepare the oleogel (FT or ET) also significantly
affected the texture parameters. FT blends had the highest spreadability with
significantly lower firmness values and area under the curve. Thermal values
showed that both oleogels could slightly increase the melting point of
shortening from 47 to 50 °C. The replacement of shortening with oleogel
decreases the viscoelasticity of puff pastry dough and increases its thermal
stability but does not significantly change dough viscoelasticity in the
shortening/oleogel mixture. These results indicated that both oleogels have
promising potential to replace shortening in puff pastry dough formulations, but
the ET oleogel showed a more similar behavior to the control shortening than the
FT oleogel. (hide) Natural Oils Enhance the Topical Delivery of Ketoconazole by
Nanoemulgel for Fungal Infections.
2023, ACS Omega, Ahmad I, Farheen M, Kukreti A, Afzal O, Akhter MH, Chitme H,
Visht S, Altamimi ASA, Alossaimi MA, Alsulami ER, Jaremko M, Emwas AH.
abstract(hide) article
Nanoemulgel (NEG) pharmaceutical formulations are gaining popularity because of
their ability to serve both as a nanoemulsion and as a gel. These products are
well-known for their ease of use, spreadability, controlled release, and ability
to hydrate dry skin. Natural essential oils have been shown to promote the
cutaneous permeability of topical formulations, enhancing medication safety and
efficacy. Herein, we developed NEG for the enhanced permeation of ketoconazole
against candidiasis using clove oil (clove-oil-NEG) or eucalyptus oil
(eucalyptus-oil-NEG), using the gelling agents carbopol 943 and hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose (HPMC). We tested various excipients to increase the solubility
of ketoconazole and formulate a nanoemulsion (NE). We measured the NE droplet
particle size, shape, entrapment efficiency, and drug release. Furthermore, the
physicochemical properties of the optimized nanoemulsion formulation were
characterized by techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)
spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The NEs were loaded into gels
to form NEGs. NEGs were characterized for drug content, homogeneity, rheology,
spreadability, and antifungal activity against Candida albicans, both in vitro
and in vivo. Optimized ketoconazole NEG preparations consisted of either 15%
clove oil or 20% eucalyptus oil. Droplet sizes in the optimized NEs were -2,
respectively. The ketoconazole NEG formulations also had higher levels of fungal
growth inhibition than a marketed formulation. Finally, in vivo studies showed
that the NEGs do not irritate the skin. Ketoconazole NEG with either 15% clove
oil or 20% eucalyptus oil is stable with better efficacy than ketoconazole alone
due to excellent dispersion, drug dissolution, and permeability and thus might
be recommended for the effective and safe treatment of candidiasis. (hide)
Preparation and Characterisation of Acid-Base-Change-Sensitive Binary Biopolymer
Films with Olive Oil and Ozonated Olive Oil Nano/Microcapsules and Added
Hibiscus Extract.
2023, Int J Mol Sci, Janik M, Khachatryan K, Khachatryan G, Krystyjan M, Żarska
S, Ciesielski W.
abstract(hide) article
The purpose of this study was to develop and characterise bionanocomposites
based on chitosan (CHIT) and alginate (ALG) in two series, which were
subsequently functionalised with emulsions based on a combination of water, oil,
ozonated oil and hibiscus flower extracts. The structure and morphology of the
materials produced were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultraviolet and visible light
(UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, along with a surface colour analysis and the
determination of the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting
composites. Functionalisation did affect the analysed composite parameters. The
FTIR spectra indicated that the polysaccharide matrix components were
compatible. The SEM images also confirmed the presence of nano/microcapsules in
the polysaccharide matrix. The obtained results indicate that the order of
adding polysaccharides has a significant impact on the encapsulation capacity.
The encapsulation resulted in the improved thermal stability of the composites.
The emissions analysis showed that the composites containing nano/microcapsules
are characterised by a higher emission intensity and are sensitive to acid or
base changes. Significant differences in emission intensity were observed even
at low concentrations of acids and bases. A drop in the mechanical properties
was observed following functionalisation. The results of this study suggest that
these bionanocomposites can be used as active and/or smart packaging materials.
(hide) Separation of n-Butanol from Aqueous Solutions via Pervaporation Using
PDMS/ZIF-8 Mixed-Matrix Membranes of Different Particle Sizes.
2023, Membranes (Basel), Zamani A, Thibault J, Tezel FH.
abstract(hide) article
The use of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) to facilitate the production of
biofuels has attracted significant research interest in the field of renewable
energy. In this study, the pervaporation separation of butanol from aqueous
solutions was studied using a series of MMMs, including zeolitic imidazolate
frameworks (ZIF-8)-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and zinc oxide-PDMS mixed matrix
membranes. Although several studies have reported that mixed matrix membranes
incorporating ZIF-8 nanoparticles showed improved pervaporation performances
attributed to their intrinsic microporosity and high specific surface area, an
in-depth study on the role of ZIF-8 nanoparticle size in MMMs has not yet been
reported. In this study, different average sizes of ZIF-8 nanoparticles (30, 65,
and 80 nm) were synthesized, and the effects of particle size and particle
loading content on the performance of butanol separation using MMMs were
investigated. Furthermore, zinc oxide nanoparticles, as non-porous fillers with
the same metalcore as ZIF-8 but with a very different geometric shape, were used
to illustrate the importance of the particle geometry on the membrane
performance. Results showed that small-sized ZIF-8 nanoparticles have better
permeability and selectivity than medium and large-size ZIF-8 MMMs. While the
permeation flux increased continuously with an increase in the loading of
nanoparticles, the selectivity reached a maximum for MMM with 8 wt% smaller-size
ZIF-8 nanoparticle loading. The flux and butanol selectivity increased by 350%
and 6%, respectively, in comparison to those of neat PDMS membranes prepared in
this study. (hide) The Impact of Hypromellose on Pharmaceutical Properties of
Alginate Microparticles as Novel Drug Carriers for Posaconazole.
2023, Int J Mol Sci, Kruk K, Szekalska M, Basa A, Winnicka K.
abstract(hide) article
Fungal infections are a group of diseases which are challenging to treat because
of drug-resistant fungi species, drug toxicity, and often severe patient
conditions. Hence, research into new treatments, including new therapeutic
substances and novel drug delivery systems, is being performed. Mucoadhesive
dosage forms are beneficial to improving drug bioavailability by prolonging the
residence time at the site of application. Sodium alginate is a natural polymer
with favorable mucoadhesive and gelling properties, although its precipitation
in acidic pH significantly disrupts the process of drug release in gastric
conditions. Hypromellose is a hydrophilic, semi-synthetic cellulose derivative
with mucoadhesive properties, which is widely used as a control release agent in
pharmaceutical technology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of
hypromellose on alginate microparticles with posaconazole, designed to modify
drug release and to improve their mucoadhesive properties for both oral or
vaginal application. (hide) Enhancing Wound Healing: A Novel Topical Emulsion
Combining CW49 Peptide and Lavender Essential Oil for Accelerated Regeneration
and Antibacterial Protection.
2023, Pharmaceutics, Jaramillo V, Díaz E, Muñoz LN, González-Barrios AF,
Rodríguez-Cortina J, Cruz JC, Muñoz-Camargo C.
abstract(hide) article
Wound healing is a complex process involving blood cells, extracellular matrix,
and parenchymal cells. Research on biomimetics in amphibian skin has identified
the CW49 peptide from Odorrana grahami, which has been demonstrated to promote
wound regeneration. Additionally, lavender essential oil exhibits
anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. Given these considerations, we
propose an innovative emulsion that combines the CW49 peptide with lavender oil.
This novel formulation could serve as a potent topical treatment, potentially
fostering the regeneration of damaged tissues and providing robust antibacterial
protection for skin wounds. This study investigates the physicochemical
properties, biocompatibility, and in vitro regenerative capacity of the active
components and the emulsion. The results show that the emulsion possesses
appropriate rheological characteristics for topical application. Both the CW49
peptide and lavender oil exhibit high viability in human keratinocytes,
indicating their biocompatibility. The emulsion induces hemolysis and platelet
aggregation, an expected behavior for such topical treatments. Furthermore, the
lavender-oil emulsion demonstrates antibacterial activity against both
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Finally, the regenerative
potential of the emulsion and its active components is confirmed in a 2D wound
model using human keratinocytes. In conclusion, the formulated emulsion, which
combines the CW49 peptide and lavender oil, shows great promise as a topical
treatment for wound healing. Further research is needed to validate these
findings in more advanced in vitro models and in vivo settings, potentially
leading to improved wound-care management and novel therapeutic options for
patients with skin injuries. (hide) Dataset for the phase equilibria and PXRD
studies of urea as a green thermodynamic inhibitor of sII gas hydrates.
2023, Data Brief, Semenov AP, Gong Y, Mendgaziev RI, Stoporev AS, Vinokurov VA,
Li T.
abstract(hide) article
The equilibrium conditions of sII methane/propane hydrates have been
experimentally determined for the C3H8/CH4-H2O-urea system. The equilibrium
dissociation temperatures and pressures of sII hydrates span a wide P,T-range
(266.7-293.9 K; 0.87-9.49 MPa) and were measured by varying the feed mass
fraction of urea in solution from 0 to 50 mass%. The experimental points at feed
urea concentration ≤ 40 mass% correspond to the V-Lw-H equilibrium (gas-aqueous
urea solution-gas hydrate). A four-phase V-Lw-H-Su equilibrium (with an
additional phase of solid urea) was observed because the solubility limit of
urea in water was reached for all points at a feed mass fraction of 50 mass% and
for one point at 40 mass% (266.93 K). Gas hydrate equilibria were measured using
a high-pressure rig GHA350 under isochoric conditions with rapid fluid stirring
and slow ramp heating of 0.1 K/h. Each measured point represents complete
dissociation of the sII hydrate. The phase equilibrium data was compared with
the literature reported for the C3H8/CH4-H2O and CH4-H2O-urea systems. A
comprehensive analysis of the thermodynamic inhibition effect of urea to sII
C3H8/CH4 hydrates on pressure and concentration of the inhibitor was carried
out. The phase composition of the samples was analyzed by powder X-ray
diffractometry at 173 K. (hide) Dataset for the experimental study of dimethyl
sulfoxide as a thermodynamic inhibitor of methane hydrate formation.
2023, Data Brief, Semenov AP, Mendgaziev RI, Stoporev AS.
abstract(hide) article
To determine the ability of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to inhibit methane hydrate
formation by the thermodynamic mechanism, we measured the pressures and
temperatures of monovariant equilibrium of three phases: gaseous methane,
aqueous DMSO solution, and methane hydrate. A total of 54 equilibrium points
were obtained. Hydrate equilibrium conditions have been measured for eight
different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide ranging from 0 to 55 mass%, at
temperatures of 242-289 K and pressures of 3-13 MPa. Measurements were performed
in an isochoric autoclave (volume of 600 cm3, inside diameter of 8.5 cm) at a
heating rate of 0.1 K/h and intense fluid agitation (600 rpm) with four-blade
impeller (diameter of 6.1 cm, blade height of 2 cm). The specified stirring
speed for aqueous DMSO solutions at 273-293 K is equivalent to a range of
Reynolds numbers of 5.3‧103-3.7‧104. The endpoint of methane hydrate
dissociation at defined temperature and pressure values was taken as the
equilibrium point. The anti-hydrate activity of DMSO was analyzed on a mass% and
mol% scale. Precise correlations between the thermodynamic inhibition effect of
dimethyl sulfoxide ΔTh and the influencing factors (DMSO concentration and
pressure) were derived. Powder X-ray diffractometry was employed to examine the
phase composition of the samples at 153 K. Measurement of ice freezing points in
aqueous solutions of dimethyl sulfoxide (up to 50 mass%) at ambient pressure
allowed us to clarify the location of the liquidus line in the DMSO-H2O system
and to check the hydrate equilibrium data for thermodynamic consistency. (hide)
Direct Measurement of the Four-Phase Equilibrium Coexistence Vapor-Aqueous
Solution-Ice-Gas Hydrate in Water-Carbon Dioxide System.
2023, Int J Mol Sci, Semenov A, Mendgaziev R, Stoporev A, Istomin V, Tulegenov
T, Yarakhmedov M, Novikov A, Vinokurov V.
abstract(hide) article
Precise data on the non-variant equilibrium of the four phases (vapor-aqueous
solution-ice-gas hydrate) in P-T coordinates are highly desired for developing
accurate thermodynamic models and can be used as reference points (similar to
the triple point of water). Using the two-component hydrate-forming system
CO2-H2O, we have proposed and validated a new express procedure for determining
the temperature and pressure of the lower quadruple point Q1. The essence of the
method is the direct measurement of these parameters after the successive
formation of the gas hydrate and ice phases in the initial two-phase gas-water
solution system under intense agitation of the fluids. After relaxation, the
system occurs in the same equilibrium state (T = 271.60 K, P = 1.044 MPa),
regardless of the initial parameters and the order of crystallization of the CO2
hydrate and ice phases. Considering the combined standard uncertainties (±0.023
K, ±0.021 MPa), the determined P and T values agree with the results of other
authors obtained by a more sophisticated indirect method. Validating the
developed approach for systems with other hydrate-forming gases is of great
interest. (hide) Development and characterization of a copolymeric micelle
containing soluble and insoluble model drugs.
2023, PLoS One, Mohammadi F, Moradi A, Tavakoli F, Rahmati S, Giti R, Ramezani
V.
abstract(hide) article
ObjectivesMicelles are nano-sized particles with a core-shell structure that are
made by natural or synthetic polymers or copolymers. The aim of this study was
to develop and characterize a copolymeric micelle using two polymers loaded with
hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.MethodsPoly(ethylene glycol) and
poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-PCL) were used to form a copolymeric micelle which was
further loaded with either moxifloxacin or clarithromycin as hydrophilic and
lipophilic drug samples, respectively. Characterization tests were done
including fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear
magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, encapsulation efficiency, particle
size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, transmission electron microscopy,
and in-vitro release test.ResultsThe construction of the copolymer was confirmed
by the results of FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy tests. The encapsulation
efficiency test exhibited that loading was about 50% for twelve formulations.
Particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and transmission electron
microscopy confirmed the formation of monodispersed, uniform, and nano-sized
micelles with a few negative charges. The kinetic model of release was fitted to
the Higuchi model.ConclusionsPolymeric micelles consisting of PEG-PCL copolymer
were loaded with adequate concentrations of hydrophilic (moxifloxacin) and
lipophilic (clarithromycin) model drugs, with a mean particle size under 300 nm.
Therefore, copolymeric micelles can be used as a suitable drug delivery system
for mucous membranes and skin. (hide) see more...
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Adverse outcome pathway-based analysis of liver steatosis in vitro using human
liver cell lines.
2023, STAR Protoc, Karaca M, Fritsche K, Lichtenstein D, Vural Ö, Kreuzer K,
Alarcan J, Braeuning A, Marx-Stoelting P, Tralau T.
abstract(hide) article
Here, we present an in vitro test battery to analyze chemicals for their
potential to induce liver triglyceride accumulation, a hallmark of liver
steatosis. We describe steps for using HepG2 and HepaRG human hepatoma cells in
conjunction with a combination of several in vitro assays covering the different
molecular initiating events and key events of the respective adverse outcome
pathway. This protocol is suitable for assessing single substance effects as
well as mixtures allowing their classification as steatotic or non-steatotic.
For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to
Luckert et al. (2018),1 Lichtenstein et al. (2020),2 and Knebel et al. (2019).3.
(hide) Extraction of rare earth elements from aqueous solutions using the ionic
liquid trihexyltetradecylphosphonium 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate.
2023, RSC Adv, Gradwohl A, Windisch J, Weissensteiner M, Keppler BK, Kandioller
W, Jirsa F.
abstract(hide) article
The task-specific ionic liquid trihexyltetradecylphosphonium
3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate has been described as a suitable extraction agent for
numerous metals from aqueous phases, while additionally providing reduced
leaching into the used matrices. Here, we investigate the extraction properties
of this extractant towards rare earth elements. Of these, La, Ce, Nd, Ho und Lu
were chosen as a representative mix of light and heavy elements. Single- as well
as double-element extractions were carried out under varying conditions
regarding pH, temperature and extraction time. The highest extraction efficacies
and minimalized precipitation of the respective metals were recorded at a pH of
2.5. Satisfactory extraction efficacies (>80%) were achieved already after 6
hours for the elements Ce, Nd and Lu in single-element extraction experiments at
room temperature. Increased temperatures improved the extraction efficacy for Nd
from 36% at 20 °C to 80% at 30 °C after only 2 hours. Surprisingly, this effect
was not observed for Ce in single-element experiments. In double-element feed
solutions containing both Ce and Nd, however, the time-dependant extraction
efficacy of Ce mirrored that of Nd. The pH in the aqueous extraction matrix
changed during the extraction, showing a positive correlation with the
extraction efficacy and revealing the extraction mechanism to be via anion
exchange. The leaching was in good agreement with literature values, showed a
positive correlation with extraction efficacies, and ranged for all extractions
between 0.8 and 1.2%. Remarkably, increasing the temperature from 20 °C to 30 °C
had no significant influence on leaching. (hide) Detailed Metabolic
Characterization of Flowers and Hips of Rosa gallica L. Grown in Open Nature.
2023, Plants (Basel), Kunc N, Hudina M, Mikulič-Petkovšek M, Bavcon J, Ravnjak
B, Osterc G.
abstract(hide) article
Our research aimed to investigate the primary and secondary metabolites of
rosehips and petals of R. gallica in comparison with R. subcanina. R. gallica
was chosen because it is still unexplored in terms of various bioactive
substances and is strongly present in Slovenia. Given that roses are generally
very variable and unstudied, our research will contribute to greater
transparency and knowledge of the bioactive composition of rosehips and petals.
We found a strong positive correlation between the total content of phenolics
and ascorbic acid, between the total content of organic acids and the total
content of carotenoids, and between the total content of sugars and the total
content of organic acids. Hips of R. gallica contained higher amounts of sugars,
ascorbic acid, and carotenoids than R. subcanina. Based on the composition of
phenolic compounds in the petals, it is possible to distinguish between the two
species. Among all the phenolic compounds in the petals, both genotypes are
richest in gallotannins, followed by flavonols. Among anthocyanins,
cyanidin-3-glucoside was determined, the content of which was also higher in R.
gallica. It can be concluded that the studied hips had an extremely low sugar
content and, consequently, an extremely high organic acid content. The content
of carotenoids in hips was in the lower range of the average content compared to
data from the literature. By optimizing the harvesting time, we could obtain a
higher content of carotenoids, which could potentially be used for industrial
purposes. However, we found that the analyzed petals were a rich source of
phenolic compounds, which benefit the human body and could be potentially used
in the food and cosmetic industries. (hide) Analytical Method Optimization of
Tetrodotoxin and Its Contamination in Gastropods.
2023, Foods, Han JL, Zhang L, Zhou PP, Xu JJ, Pan XD, Cao P, Xu XM.
abstract(hide) article
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is an extremely potent marine biotoxin. An analytical method
was developed for both trace contamination and extremely high levels of TTX in
gastropods by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with
clean-up of cation exchange solid phase extraction (SPE) in this study. The
limit of detection (LOD) in the sample matrix was 0.5 μg/kg. With the
calibration of a screened internal standard (validamycin, IS), the linear range
was 0.1-100 ng/mL (1.5-1500 μg/kg in sample matrix) with a correlation
coefficient of r2 > 0.999. The average recoveries at three spiking levels (1.5
μg/kg, 44 μg/kg, and 1500 μg/kg) were 82.6-94.4% with relative standard
deviations (RSDs) less than 8.4%. TTX levels in seven gastropods (741 samples)
were studied. The contamination and analogues in Neverita didyma (N. didyma, 565
samples collected in Zhejiang province, China, from 2016 to 2022) were first
reported. The detection rate of TTX in N. didyma was 34.2%. The average
concentration was 23.1 μg/kg, and the maximum value was 2327 μg/kg. The time
distribution study indicated that high contaminations of TTX occurred from May
to August for N. didyma. (hide) Residue Concentrations of Cloxacillin in Milk
after Intramammary Dry Cow Treatment Considering Dry Period Length.
2023, Animals (Basel), Fischer-Tenhagen C, Bohm D, Finnah A, Arlt S, Schlesinger
S, Borchardt S, Sutter F, Tippenhauer CM, Heuwieser W, Venjakob PL.
abstract(hide) article
Dry cow treatment with an intramammary antibiotic is recommended to reduce the
risk of mastitis at the beginning of the next lactation. The dry period may be
shortened unintentionally, affecting antibiotic residue depletion and the time
when residues reach concentrations below the maximum residue limit (MRL). The
objective of this study was to evaluate residue depletion in milk after dry cow
treatment with cloxacillin, considering dry periods of 14 (G14d), 21 (G21d), and
28 d (G28d). Overall, fifteen cows with 60 udder quarters were included in the
study. For each cow, three of the udder quarters were treated with 1000 mg
cloxacillin benzathine (2:1) on d 252, d 259, and d 266 of gestation; one
quarter was left untreated. Milk samples were drawn until 20 DIM and milk
composition, somatic cell count and cloxacillin residues were analyzed. The
HPLC-MS/MS revealed different excretion kinetics for the compounds cloxacillin
and cloxacillin benzathine (1:1). All cows showed a cloxacillin and cloxacillin
benzathine (1:1) concentration below the MRL of 30 µg/kg after 5 d. In the udder
quarters of G21d and G28d, the cloxacillin concentration was already below the
MRL at first milking after calving. The cloxacillin benzathine (1:1)
concentration in the milk of G28d, G21d, and G14d fell below 30 µg/kg on the
5th, 3rd, and 5th DIM, respectively. Shortening the dry period affects residue
depletion after dry cow treatment with cloxacillin. The risk of exceeding the
MRL, however, seems low, even with dry periods shorter than 14 d. (hide) Effects
of citrate-stabilized gold and silver nanoparticles on some safety parameters of
Porphyridium cruentum biomass.
2023, Front Bioeng Biotechnol, Rudi L, Cepoi L, Chiriac T, Miscu V, Valuta A,
Djur S.
abstract(hide) article
Introduction: Our research raises the question of how realistic and safe it is
to use gold and silver nanoparticles in biotechnologies to grow microalgae,
which will later be used to obtain valuable products. To this purpose, it was
necessary to assess the influence of 10 and 20 nm Au and Ag nanoparticles
stabilized in citrate on the growth of microalga Porphyridium cruentum in a
closed cultivation system, as well as some safety parameters of biomass quality
obtained under experimental conditions. Methods: Two types of experiments were
conducted with the addition of nanoparticles on the first day and the fifth day
of the cultivation cycle. Changes in productivity, lipid content,
malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as antioxidant activity of microalgae biomass
have been monitored in dynamics during the life cycle in a closed culture
system. Results: The impact of nanoparticles on the growth curve of microalgae
culture was marked by delaying the onset of the exponential growth phase. A
significant increase in the content of lipids and MDA in biomass was noted.
Excessive accumulation of lipid oxidation products within the first 24 h of
cultivation resulted in altered antioxidant activity of red algae extracts.
Discussion: Citrate-stabilized gold and silver nanoparticles proved to be a
stress factor for red microalga Porphyridium cruentum, causing significant
changes in both biotechnological and biomass safety parameters. Addition of Au
and Ag nanoparticles during the exponential growth phase of porphyridium culture
led to an enhanced lipid accumulation and reduced MDA values in biomass. (hide)
Protocol for establishing a coculture with fibroblasts and colorectal cancer
organoids.
2023, STAR Protoc, Wallisch S, Neef SK, Denzinger L, Mönch D, Koch J, Marzi J,
Mürdter T, Janssen N.
abstract(hide) article
The tumor microenvironment is essential for mediating drug resistance and tumor
progression. Here, we present a coculture system, which enables drug testing of
colorectal cancer organoids and fibroblasts without additional matrix components
such as Matrigel or basement membrane extracts. First, we describe steps to use
a readout for high-throughput drug testing using a luminescence-based viability
assay. Second, we detail a readout that uses flow cytometry to distinguish toxic
effects on either colorectal cancer organoids or fibroblasts. (hide) Exposure
levels of dust, endotoxin, and microorganisms in the Danish recycling industry.
2023, Ann Work Expo Health, Hansen KK, Schlünssen V, Broberg K, Østergaard K,
Frederiksen MW, Madsen AM, Kolstad HA.
abstract(hide) article
IntroductionRecycling of domestic waste and a number of employees in the
recycling industry is expected to increase. This study aims to quantify current
exposure levels of inhalable dust, endotoxin, and microorganisms and to identify
determinants of exposure among recycling workers.MethodsThis cross-sectional
study included 170 full-shift measurements from 88 production workers and 14
administrative workers from 12 recycling companies in Denmark. The companies
recycle domestic waste (sorting, shredding, and extracting materials from
waste). We collected inhalable dust with personal samplers that were analysed
for endotoxin (n = 170) and microorganisms (n = 101). Exposure levels of
inhalable dust, endotoxin, and microorganisms and potential determinants of
exposure were explored by mixed-effects models.ResultsThe production workers
were 7-fold or higher exposed to inhalable dust, endotoxin, bacteria, and fungi
than the administrative workers. Among production workers recycling domestic
waste, the geometric mean exposure level was 0.6 mg/m3 for inhalable dust, 10.7
endotoxin unit (EU)/m3 for endotoxin, 1.6 × 104 colony forming units (CFU)/m³ of
bacteria, 4.4 × 104 CFU/m³ of fungi (25 °C), and 1.0 × 103 CFU/m³ of fungi (37
°C). Workers handling paper or cardboard had higher exposure levels than workers
handling other waste fractions. The temperature did not affect exposure levels,
although there was a tendency toward increased exposure to bacteria and fungi
with higher temperatures. For inhalable dust and endotoxin, exposure levels
during outdoor work were low compared to indoor work. For bacteria and fungi,
indoor ventilation decreased exposure. The work task, waste fraction,
temperature, location, mechanical ventilation, and the company size explained
around half of the variance of levels of inhalable dust, endotoxin, bacteria,
and fungi.ConclusionThe production workers of the Danish recycling industry
participating in this study had higher exposure levels of inhalable dust,
endotoxin, bacteria, and fungi than the administrative workers. Exposure levels
of inhalable dust and endotoxin among recycling workers in Denmark were
generally below established or suggested occupational exposure limits (OEL).
However, 43% to 58% of the individual measurements of bacteria and fungi were
above the suggested OEL. The waste fraction was the most influential determinant
for exposure, and the highest exposure levels were seen during handling paper or
cardboard. Future studies should examine the relationship between exposure
levels and health effects among workers recycling domestic waste. (hide)
Capillary Electrophoresis with Interchangeable Cartridges for Versatile and
Automated Analyses of Dried Blood Spot Samples.
2023, Anal Chem, Dvořák M, Moravčík O, Kubáň P.
abstract(hide) article
A novel concept for highly versatile automated analyses of dried blood spot
(DBS) samples by commercial capillary electrophoresis (CE) is presented. Two
interchangeable CE cartridges with different fused-silica capillaries were used
for the DBS elutions and the DBS eluate analyses, respectively. The application
of one CE cartridge with a wide-bore capillary reduced DBS processing times to a
minimum (1-2 min per sample) while fitting the other CE cartridge with a
narrow-bore capillary served for highly efficient CE analyses. A comprehensive
investigation of major variables affecting liquid handling in CE (capillary
length, internal diameter, and temperature) was carried out with the aim of
optimizing both procedures and enabling their maximum flexibility. The
application of two CE cartridges also enabled the employment of CE detectors
with different instrumental set-ups and/or principles as was demonstrated by the
optical detection of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the
conductivity detection of amino acids (AAs). The presented methods were
optimized for the automated CE analyses of 36 DBS samples formed by a volumetric
collection of 5 μL of capillary blood onto Whatman 903 discs and processed by
direct in-vial elution using the CE instrument. The precision of liquid
transfers for the automated DBS elutions was better than 0.9% and the precision
of CE analyses did not exceed 5.1 and 12.3% for the determination of NSAIDs and
AAs, respectively. Both methods were linear (R2 ≥ 0.996) over the therapeutic
(NSAIDs) and the endogenous (AAs) concentration ranges, had limits of
quantification below the typical analyte concentrations in human blood, and
achieved sample throughputs of more than 6 DBSs per hour. (hide) Electrospun
Scaffolds Enriched with Nanoparticle-Associated DNA: General Properties, DNA
Release and Cell Transfection.
2023, Polymers (Basel), Chernonosova V, Khlebnikova M, Popova V, Starostina E,
Kiseleva E, Chelobanov B, Kvon R, Dmitrienko E, Laktionov P.
abstract(hide) article
Biomaterial-mediated, spatially localized gene delivery is important for the
development of cell-populated scaffolds used in tissue engineering. Cells
adhering to or penetrating into such a scaffold are to be transfected with a
preloaded gene that induces the production of secreted proteins or cell
reprogramming. In the present study, we produced silica nanoparticles-associated
pDNA and electrospun scaffolds loaded with such nanoparticles, and studied the
release of pDNA from scaffolds and cell-to-scaffold interactions in terms of
cell viability and pDNA transfection efficacy. The pDNA-coated nanoparticles
were characterized with dynamic light scattering and transmission electron
microscopy. Particle sizes ranging from 56 to 78 nm were indicative of their
potential for cell transfection. The scaffolds were characterized using scanning
electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, stress-loading tests and
interaction with HEK293T cells. It was found that the properties of materials
and the pDNA released vary, depending on the scaffold's composition. The
scaffolds loaded with pDNA-nanoparticles do not have a pronounced cytotoxic
effect, and can be recommended for cell transfection. It was found that
(pDNA-NPs) + PEI9-loaded scaffold demonstrates good potential for cell
transfection. Thus, electrospun scaffolds suitable for the transfection of
inhabiting cells are eligible for use in tissue engineering. (hide) see more...
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Investigating Environmental Matrices for Use in Avian Influenza Virus
Surveillance-Surface Water, Sediments, and Avian Fecal Samples.
2023, Microbiol Spectr, Ahrens AK, Selinka HC, Wylezich C, Wonnemann H, Sindt O,
Hellmer HH, Pfaff F, Höper D, Mettenleiter TC, Beer M, Harder TC.
abstract(hide) article
Surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in wild water bird populations is
important for early warning to protect poultry from incursions of
high-pathogenicity (HP) AIV. Access to individual water birds is difficult and
restricted and limits sampling depth. Here, we focused on environmental samples
such as surface water, sediments, and environmentally deposited fresh avian
feces as matrices for AIV detection. Enrichment of viral particles by
ultrafiltration of 10-L surface water samples using Rexeed-25-A devices was
validated using a bacteriophage ϕ6 internal control system, and AIV detection
was attempted using real-time RT-PCR and virus isolation. While validation runs
suggested an average enrichment of about 60-fold, lower values of 10 to 15 were
observed for field water samples. In total 25/36 (60%) of water samples and
18/36 (50%) of corresponding sediment samples tested AIV positive. Samples were
obtained from shallow water bodies in habitats with large numbers of waterfowl
during an HPAIV epizootic. Although AIV RNA was detected in a substantial
percentage of samples virus isolation failed. Virus loads in samples often were
too low to allow further sub- and pathotyping. Similar results were obtained
with environmentally deposited avian feces. Moreover, the spectrum of viruses
detected by these active surveillance methods did not fully mirror an ongoing
HPAIV epizootic among waterfowl as detected by passive surveillance, which, in
terms of sensitivity, remains unsurpassed. IMPORTANCE Avian influenza viruses
(AIV) have a wide host range in the avian metapopulation and, occasionally,
transmission to humans also occurs. Surface water plays a particularly important
role in the epidemiology of AIV, as the natural virus reservoir is found in
aquatic wild birds. Environmental matrices comprising surface water, sediments,
and avian fecal matter deposited in the environment were examined for their
usefulness in AIV surveillance. Despite virus enrichment efforts, environmental
samples regularly revealed very low virus loads, which hampered further sub- and
pathotyping. Passive surveillance based on oral and cloacal swabs of diseased
and dead wild birds remained unsurpassed with respect to sensitivity. (hide)
Short-Term Stability of Electrochemical Properties of Layer-by-Layer Coated
Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes.
2022, Membranes (Basel), Sarapulova V, Nevakshenova E, Tsygurina K, Ruleva V,
Kirichenko A, Kirichenko K.
abstract(hide) article
Layer-by-layer adsorption allows the creation of versatile functional coatings
for ion exchange membranes, but the stability of the coating and resulting
properties of modified membranes in their operation is a frequently asked
question. This paper examines the changes in voltammetric curves of
layer-by-layer coated cation exchange membranes and pH-metry of desalination
chamber with a studied membrane and an auxiliary anion exchange membrane after
short-term tests, including over-limiting current modes. The practical operation
of the membranes did not affect the voltammetric curves, but enhanced the
generation of H+ and OH- ions in a system with polyethylenimine modified
membrane in Ca2+ containing solution. It is shown that a distinction between the
voltammetric curves of the membranes modified and the different polyamines
persists during the operation and that, in the case of polyethylenimine, there
is an additional zone of growth of potential drop in voltammetric curves and
stronger generation of H+ and OH- ions as indicated by pH-metry. (hide)
Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfamidic acid: an anolyte with low decomposition rates at
elevated temperatures.
2021, RSC Adv, Rohland P, Schreyer K, Hager MD, Schubert US.
abstract(hide) article
A new sulfamidic acid anthraquinone derivative was synthesized from
2,6-diaminoanthraquinone with high yields, designed for utilization in redox
flow batteries. The active material was investigated with cyclic voltammetry,
revealing a reversible redox reaction at approximately -0.65 V vs. Ag/AgCl at
pH-values above 12. A stress test in a redox flow battery was applied with hold
times at critical states of charge and at 32 °C as well as at 60 °C.
Furthermore, the stability was investigated at the maximum concentration of the
anolyte. All in all, the material showed the lowest decomposition rates at 60 °C
reported so far for an organic anolyte in a redox flow battery. (hide) Effect of
Oxygen Contamination on Propionate and Caproate Formation in Anaerobic
Fermentation.
2021, Front Bioeng Biotechnol, Baleeiro FCF, Ardila MS, Kleinsteuber S, Sträuber
H.
abstract(hide) article
Mixed microbial cultures have become a preferred choice of biocatalyst for chain
elongation systems due to their ability to convert complex substrates into
medium-chain carboxylates. However, the complexity of the effects of process
parameters on the microbial metabolic networks is a drawback that makes the task
of optimizing product selectivity challenging. Here, we studied the effects of
small air contaminations on the microbial community dynamics and the product
formation in anaerobic bioreactors fed with lactate, acetate and H2/CO2. Two
stirred tank reactors and two bubble column reactors were operated with H2/CO2
gas recirculation for 139 and 116 days, respectively, at pH 6.0 and 32°C with a
hydraulic retention time of 14 days. One reactor of each type had periods with
air contamination (between 97 ± 28 and 474 ± 33 mL O2 L-1 d-1, lasting from 4 to
32 days), while the control reactors were kept anoxic. During air contamination,
production of n-caproate and CH4 was strongly inhibited, whereas no clear effect
on n-butyrate production was observed. In a period with detectable O2
concentrations that went up to 18%, facultative anaerobes of the genus
Rummeliibacillus became predominant and only n-butyrate was produced. However,
at low air contamination rates and with O2 below the detection level,
Coriobacteriia and Actinobacteria gained a competitive advantage over Clostridia
and Methanobacteria, and propionate production rates increased to
0.8-1.8 mmol L-1 d-1 depending on the reactor (control reactors 0.1-0.8 mmol L-1
d-1). Moreover, i-butyrate production was observed, but only when
Methanobacteria abundances were low and, consequently, H2 availability was high.
After air contamination stopped completely, production of n-caproate and CH4
recovered, with n-caproate production rates of 1.4-1.8 mmol L-1 d-1 (control
0.7-2.1 mmol L-1 d-1). The results underline the importance of keeping strictly
anaerobic conditions in fermenters when consistent n-caproate production is the
goal. Beyond that, micro-aeration should be further tested as a controllable
process parameter to shape the reactor microbiome. When odd-chain carboxylates
are desired, further studies can develop strategies for their targeted
production by applying micro-aerobic conditions. (hide) Characterization of
MK-40 Membrane Modified by Layers of Cation Exchange and Anion Exchange
Polyelectrolytes.
2020, Membranes (Basel), Titorova V, Sabbatovskiy K, Sarapulova V, Kirichenko E,
Sobolev V, Kirichenko K.
abstract(hide) article
Coating of ion exchange membranes used in electrodialysis with layers of
polyelectrolytes is a proven approach that allows for the increasing of the
limiting current, the suppressing of sedimentation, the controlling of the
intensity of generation of H+ and OH- ions, and also the improving of monovalent
selectivity. However, in the case when two materials with the opposite sign of
the charge of fixed groups come in contact, a bipolar boundary is created that
can cause undesirable changes in the membrane properties. In this work, we used
a MK-40 heterogeneous membrane on the surface of which a layer of
polyethyleneimine was applied by adsorption from a solution as a model of
heterogeneous membranes modified with oppositely charged polyelectrolyte. It was
found that, on one hand, the properties of modified membrane were beneficial for
electrodialysis, its limiting current did not decrease and the membrane even
acquired a barrier to non-selective electrolyte transport. At the same time, the
generation of H+ and OH- ions of low intensity arose, even in underlimiting
current modes. It was also shown that despite the presence of a layer of
polyethyleneimine, the surface charge of the modified membrane remained
negative, which we associate with low protonation of polyethyleneimine at
neutral pH. (hide) An Approach Toward Replacing Vanadium: A Single Organic
Molecule for the Anode and Cathode of an Aqueous Redox-Flow Battery.
2017, ChemistryOpen, Janoschka T, Friebe C, Hager MD, Martin N, Schubert US.
abstract(hide) article
By combining a viologen unit and a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO)
radical in one single combi-molecule, an artificial bipolar redox-active
material,
1-(4-(((1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)carbonyl)benzyl)-1'-methyl-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium-chloride
(VIOTEMP), was created that can serve as both the anode (-0.49 V) and cathode
(0.67 V vs. Ag/AgCl) in a water-based redox-flow battery. While it mimics the
redox states of flow battery metals like vanadium, the novel aqueous electrolyte
does not require strongly acidic media and is best operated at pH 4. The
electrochemical properties of VIOTEMP were investigated by using cyclic
voltammetry, rotating disc electrode experiments, and spectroelectrochemical
methods. A redox-flow battery was built and the suitability of the material for
both electrodes was demonstrated through a polarity-inversion experiment. Thus,
an organic aqueous electrolyte system being safe in case of cross contamination
is presented. (hide) see more...
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