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Surveillance
Self-Defense
Tips, Tools and How-tos for Safer Online Communications
A Project of the Electronic Frontier Foundation

We’re the Electronic Frontier Foundation, an independent non-profit working to
protect online privacy for nearly thirty years. This is Surveillance
Self-Defense : our expert guide to protecting you and your friends from online
spying.

Read the BASICS to find out how online surveillance works. Dive into our TOOL
GUIDES for instructions to installing our pick of the best, most secure
applications. We have more detailed information in our FURTHER LEARNING
sections. If you’d like a guided tour, look for our list of common SECURITY
SCENARIOS.




NEW TO SECURITY?

All of our Starter Resources in One Place


TOOL GUIDES

Software that Protects Privacy


TEACHING SECURITY TO OTHERS?

Check out our Security Education Companion



POPULAR GUIDES

Your Security Plan
Attending a Protest
Protecting Yourself on Social Networks
Creating Strong Passwords
How to: Use Signal on iOS
How to: Use Signal for Android
See all guides >

 * Basics

 * Tool Guides

 * Further Learning

 * Security Scenarios




BASICS

Animated Overview: How Strong Encryption Can Help Avoid Online Surveillance
Animated Overview: How to Make a Super-Secure Password Using Dice
Animated Overview: Protecting Your Device From Hackers
Animated Overview: Using Password Managers to Stay Safe Online
Choosing Your Tools
Communicating with Others
Creating Strong Passwords
Keeping Your Data Safe
Seven Steps To Digital Security
What Should I Know About Encryption?
Why Metadata Matters
Your Security Plan


TOOL GUIDES

How to: Avoid Phishing Attacks
How to: Circumvent Online Censorship
How to: Delete your Data Securely on Linux
How to: Delete Your Data Securely on macOS
How to: Delete Your Data Securely on Windows
How to: Enable Two-factor Authentication
How to: Encrypt Your iPhone
How to: Encrypt Your Windows Device
How to: Use KeePassXC
How to: Use OTR for macOS
How to: Use OTR on Linux
How to: Use PGP for Linux
How to: Use PGP for macOS
How to: Use PGP for Windows
How to: Use Signal for Android
How to: Use Signal on iOS
How to: Use Tor for Linux
How to: Use Tor for Windows
How to: Use Tor on macOS
How to: Use WhatsApp on Android
How to: Use WhatsApp on iOS


FURTHER LEARNING

A Deep Dive on End-to-End Encryption: How Do Public Key Encryption Systems Work?
Attending a Protest
Choosing the VPN That's Right for You
Facebook Groups: Reducing Risks
How Do I Protect Myself Against Malware?
Key Concepts in Encryption
Key Verification
Privacy Breakdown of Mobile Phones
Privacy for Students
Protecting Yourself on Social Networks
Things to Consider When Crossing the U.S. Border
Understanding and Circumventing Network Censorship
What Is Fingerprinting?


SECURITY SCENARIOS

Academic researcher?
Activist or protester?
Human rights defender?
Journalism student?
Journalist on the move?
LGBTQ Youth?
Mac user?
Online security veteran?
Want a security starter pack?
Surveillance Self-Defense
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