www.jaacap.org
Open in
urlscan Pro
104.18.124.114
Public Scan
Submitted URL: https://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001wyhi92TYLGLElsBSqlPm3VG5qBdf5I7e3QHK1yL1nxdrdfBvZnqrJcs3LOGR6RC9OU3NDa_0eYKWcuG1KgVi...
Effective URL: https://www.jaacap.org/article/S0890-8567(23)00341-6/ppt
Submission: On November 30 via api from US — Scanned from DE
Effective URL: https://www.jaacap.org/article/S0890-8567(23)00341-6/ppt
Submission: On November 30 via api from US — Scanned from DE
Form analysis 3 forms found in the DOM
Name: quickSearchBar — GET https://www.jaacap.org/action/doSearch?journalCode=jaac
<form action="https://www.jaacap.org/action/doSearch?journalCode=jaac" name="quickSearchBar" method="get" title="Quick Search"><input id="type" type="hidden" value="quicksearch" name="type">
<div class="quick-search__toggle"><input id="searchText" type="text" name="text1" placeholder="Search for..." enterkeyhint="search" autocomplete="off" data-contributors-conf="3" data-topics-conf="3" data-publication-titles-conf="3"
data-history-items-conf="3" data-group-titles-conf="3" data-publication-items-conf="3" aria-label="Enter a search term" class="searchText searchText-autocomplete ui-autocomplete-input"><button type="submit" title="Search"
aria-label="Submit the search form" class="btn quick-search__button icon-search"><span>Go
search</span></button><a href="https://www.jaacap.org/search/advanced?SeriesKey=jaac&ISSN=0890-8567&journalCode=jaac" title="Advanced search" class="quick-search__advanced-link">Advanced search</a>
<ul id="ui-id-1" tabindex="0" class="ui-menu ui-widget ui-widget-content ui-autocomplete ui-front" unselectable="on" style="display: none;"></ul>
</div>
<div class="quick-search__box">
<div class="quick-search__box-inner">
<div class="quick-search__box-wrapper"><select name="field1" aria-label="Select a search area">
<option value="AllField">All content</option>
<option value="Title">Article title</option>
<option value="Contrib">Authors</option>
<option value="Keyword">Keywords</option>
<option value="Abstract">Abstract</option>
<option value="AbstractTitleKeywordFilterField">Article title, abstract, keywords</option>
</select><a href="https://www.jaacap.org/search/advanced?SeriesKey=jaac&ISSN=0890-8567&journalCode=jaac" title="Advanced search" class="quick-search__advanced-link">Advanced search</a></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0)" aria-label="Close search options" title="Close search options" class="quick-search__box-close"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon-tools_close"></i></a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="quick-search__alert hidden">
<p>Please enter a term before submitting your search.</p><a href="#" class="quick-search__alert--close"> Ok</a>
</div>
</form>POST /action/doLogin?redirectUri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaacap.org%2Farticle%2FS0890-8567%2823%2900341-6%2Fppt
<form action="/action/doLogin?redirectUri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaacap.org%2Farticle%2FS0890-8567%2823%2900341-6%2Fppt" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="redirectUri" value="https://www.jaacap.org/article/S0890-8567(23)00341-6/ppt"><input
type="hidden" name="referer" value="/article/S0890-8567(23)00341-6/ppt"><input type="hidden" name="ecommRedirect"><input type="hidden" name="code" value="jaac-site"><input type="hidden" name="UX3LoginWidget" value="true"><input type="hidden"
name="isPopup" value="true">
<div class="input-group">
<div class="label"><label for="login">Email/Username</label></div><input id="login" type="text" name="login" value="" size="15" class="login">
</div>
<div class="input-group">
<div class="label"><label for="password">Password</label></div><input id="password" type="password" name="password" value="" autocomplete="off" class="password"><a href="#" class="login__field__action js-show-password">Show</a>
<div class="actions"><a href="https://www.jaacap.org/action/requestResetPassword" class="link show-request-reset-password">Forgot password?</a></div>
</div>
<div class="remember"><input type="checkbox" name="savePassword" id="6ee85045-2441-4b5c-8a4b-4c078d548375-remember" value="1" checked="checked"><label for="6ee85045-2441-4b5c-8a4b-4c078d548375-remember">Remember me</label></div>
<div class="submit" disabled="disabled"><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Log in" class="button submit primary" disabled="disabled"></div>
</form>POST /action/requestResetPassword
<form action="/action/requestResetPassword" method="post" class="request-reset-password-form"><input type="hidden" name="platform"><input type="hidden" name="requestResetPassword" value="true"><input type="hidden" name="codeSite" value="jaac-site">
<div class="input-group">
<div class="label"><label for="reset-password-email">Email*</label></div><input id="reset-password-email" type="text" name="email" value="" size="15" class="email">
</div>
<div class="submit" disabled="disabled"><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit" disabled="disabled" class="button primary submit"></div>
</form>Text Content
Skip to Main Content
✓
Thanks for sharing!
AddToAny
More…
ADVERTISEMENT
SCROLL TO CONTINUE WITH CONTENT
Open GPT Console
Open Oracle Keywords
Refresh Values
Property Value Status
Version
Ad File
Disable Ads Flag
Environment
Moat Init
Moat Ready
Contextual Ready
Contextual URL
Contextual Initial Segments
Contextual Used Segments
AdUnit
SubAdUnit
Custom Targeting
Ad Events
Invalid Ad Sizes
* Submit Guide for Authors AACAP Member Login
* Log in
* Register
* Log in
* Submit Guide for Authors AACAP Member Login
* Log in
* Claim
Access provided by
Skip menu
* Articles
*
* LATEST
* Articles in Press
* Current Issue
* Past Issues
* JAACAP Connect
* Child and Youth Artwork
* POPULAR ARTICLES
* AACAP Official Action
CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF
CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ANXIETY DISORDERS
Walter et al.
* AACAP official action
CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF
CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH MAJOR AND PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
Walter et al.
* New research
MAINTENANCE OF EFFICACY OF LISDEXAMFETAMINE DIMESYLATE IN CHILDREN AND
ADOLESCENTS WITH ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER:
RANDOMIZED-WITHDRAWAL STUDY DESIGN
Coghill et al.
* LATEST ARTICLES
* Commentary
RE-IMAGINING NARRATIVE APPROACHES THROUGH COMICS FOR SYSTEMS-INVOLVED
YOUTH
España et al.
* New research
EXPLORING DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RACIALLY AND
ETHNICALLY DIVERSE YOUTH WITH EATING DISORDERS USING CALIFORNIA
MEDICAID CLAIMS DATA
Accurso et al.
* Attachments
ATTACHMENTS: WHEN MORAL INJURY AND COMPASSION FATIGUE STRIKE: APOLOGIZE
TO PATIENTS, FORGIVE OURSELVES
* Pamela Hoffman
* Publish
* FOR AUTHORS
* Submit Article
External Link
* Guide for Authors
* Aims & Scope
* Open Access Information
External Link
* Researcher Academy
External Link
* Forms
* FOR REVIEWERS
* Information for Reviewers
* Editorial Opportunities
* Topics
* * Clinical Perspectives
* COVID-19
* Editors' Notes
* Race and Disparities
* Registered Reports
* Reviews
* Separating Children & Families
* Translations
* Youth Suicide: Risks, Trends, Prevention
* AACAP Parameters, Updates and Clinical Practice Guidelines
* All Collections
*
* Multimedia
* * Podcasts
* CMEDirect Link
* About
* SOCIETY
* AACAP
External Link
* Editorial Board
* JOURNAL INFORMATION
* Aims & Scope
* Permissions
* Reprints
External Link
* Abstracting & Indexing
* Press Releases
* Announcements
* Editorial Disclosures
* COMPANION JOURNALS
* JAACAP Open
External Link
* ACCESS
* Subscribe
* Activate Online Access
* AACAP Member Log In
External Link
* Contact
* CONTACT
* Contact Us
* Career Opportunities
External Link
* Advertise with Us
External Link
* Go to Product Catalog
External Link
* FOLLOW US
* New Content Alerts
* Facebook
External Link
* Twitter
External Link
Go searchAdvanced search
All contentArticle titleAuthorsKeywordsAbstractArticle title, abstract,
keywordsAdvanced search
Please enter a term before submitting your search.
Ok
New research|Articles in Press
Association Between Marijuana Laws and Suicide Among 12- to 25-Year-Olds in the
United States From 2000 to 2019
* Purchase
* Academic & Personal: 24 hour online access
* Corporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
* Subscribe
* Save
* Add To Online LibraryPowered ByMendeley
* Add To My Reading List
* Export Citation
* Create Citation Alert
* Share
Share on
* Twitter
* Facebook
* Linked In
* Sina Weibo
* Email
* more
* Reprints
* Request
* Top
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MARIJUANA LAWS AND SUICIDE AMONG 12- TO 25-YEAR-OLDS IN THE
UNITED STATES FROM 2000 TO 2019
* Christopher J. Hammond, MD, PhD
Christopher J. Hammond
Correspondence
Correspondence to Christopher Hammond, MD, PhD, Johns Hopkins Bayview, 5500
Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21224
Contact
Affiliations
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Search for articles by this author
* J. Madison Hyer, MS
J. Madison Hyer
Affiliations
The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
Search for articles by this author
* Anne E. Boustead, JD, PhD
Anne E. Boustead
Affiliations
University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
Search for articles by this author
* Mary A. Fristad, PhD, ABPP
Mary A. Fristad
Affiliations
Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
Search for articles by this author
* Danielle L. Steelesmith, PhD
Danielle L. Steelesmith
Affiliations
Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
Search for articles by this author
*
* Guy N. Brock, PhD
Guy N. Brock
Affiliations
The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
Search for articles by this author
* Deborah S. Hasin, PhD
Deborah S. Hasin
Affiliations
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York
Search for articles by this author
* Cynthia A. Fontanella, PhD
Cynthia A. Fontanella
Affiliations
The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
Search for articles by this author
* Show all authors
Published:June 26, 2023DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.06.014
Plum Print visual indicator of research metrics
PlumX Metrics
* Citations
* Citation Indexes: 1
* Captures
* Readers: 3
* Mentions
* News Mentions: 1
* Social Media
* Shares, Likes & Comments: 57
see details
Previous ArticleAddressing the Gap in Research Training in Child …
Next ArticleEffect of Pharmacological Treatment of …
* Key words
* References
* Article info
* Linked Article
* Related Articles
OBJECTIVE
Cannabis use is associated with suicide-related outcomes in both adolescents and
adults, and may be increasing amid shifting cannabis policies. However, little
is known about the impact of medical marijuana legalization (MML) and
recreational marijuana legalization (RML) policies on youth suicide. Using 20
years of national data, we examined associations between MML, RML, and
suicide-related mortality among US individuals aged 12 to 25 years, and assessed
whether they varied based on age and sex.
METHOD
Suicide deaths (N = 113,512) from the 2000-2019 National Vital Statistics System
Multiple Cause of Death files for age groups 12 to 13, 14 to 16, 17 to 19, 20 to
22, and 23 to 25 years were examined in relation to time-varying cannabis law
status using a staggered adoption difference-in-difference (DiD) approach with a
negative binomial regression to determine associations between MML, RML, and
suicide rates, controlling for individual- and state-level covariates and
accounting for the varying effective dates of MML and RML by state.
RESULTS
The overall unadjusted annual suicide rate was 10.93/100,000, varying from 9.76
(states without marijuana laws (ML)) to 12.78 (MML states) to 16.68 (RML
states). In multivariable analysis, both MML (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.10,
95% CI: 1.05-1.15) and RML (IRR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.06-1.27) were associated with
higher suicide rates among female youth compared to those in states without ML.
Youth aged 14 to 16 years had higher rates of suicide in states with RML
compared to states with MML (IRR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.00-1.30) and states without
ML (IRR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00-1.20). Findings were consistent across sensitivity
analyses.
CONCLUSION
MML and RML were associated with increased suicide-related mortality in female
youth and 14- to- 16-year-old individuals of both sexes. Mechanisms through
which cannabis policies are related to increased youth suicide warrant further
study and should inform legislative reform.
KEY WORDS
* recreational marijuana legislation
* medical marijuana legislation
* suicide
* adolescents
* sex differences
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
PURCHASE ONE-TIME ACCESS:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour
online access
One-time access price info
* For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
* For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
SUBSCRIBE:
Subscribe to Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
REFERENCES
1. * Hall W.
* Lynskey M.
Evaluating the public health impacts of legalizing recreational cannabis
use in the United States.
Addiction. 2016; 111: 1764-1773https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13428
View in Article
* Scopus (209)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
2. * National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL)
State medical cannabis laws.
https://www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx
Date accessed: June 20, 2022
View in Article
* Google Scholar
3. * Hammond C.J.
* Chaney A.
* Hendrickson B.
* Sharma P.
Cannabis use among U.S. adolescents in the era of marijuana legalization: a
review of changing use patterns, comorbidity, and health correlates.
Int Rev Psychiatry. 2020; 32:
221-234https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2020.1713056
View in Article
* Scopus (74)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
4. * Hammond C.J.
* Mayes L.C.
* Potenza M.N.
Neurobiology of adolescent substance use and addictive behaviors:
prevention and treatment implications.
Adolesc Med State Art Rev. 2014; 25: 15-32
View in Article
* PubMed
* Google Scholar
5. * Peters K.Z.
* Zlebnik N.E.
* Cheer J.F.
Cannabis exposure during adolescence: a uniquely sensitive period for
neurobiological effects.
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2021; : 95-120
View in Article
* Scopus (10)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
6. * Gobbi G.
* Atkin T.
* Zytynski T.
* et al.
Association of cannabis use in adolescence and risk of depression, anxiety,
and suicidality in young adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
JAMA Psychiatry. 2019; 76:
426-434https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.4500
View in Article
* Scopus (432)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
7. * Giedd J.N.
Structural magnetic resonance imaging of the adolescent brain.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004; 1021: 77-85https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1308.009
View in Article
* Scopus (1204)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
8. * Di Forti M.
* Sallis H.
* Allegri F.
* et al.
Daily use, especially of high-potency cannabis, drives the earlier onset of
psychosis in cannabis users.
Schizophr Bull. 2013; 40: 1509-1517https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbt181
View in Article
* Scopus (328)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
9. * Miron O.
* Yu K.-H.
* Wilf-Miron R.
* Kohane I.S.
Suicide rates among adolescents and young adults in the United States,
2000-2017.
JAMA. 2019; 321: 2362https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.5054
View in Article
* Scopus (180)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
10. * Silins E.
* Horwood L.J.
* Patton G.C.
* et al.
Young adult sequelae of adolescent cannabis use: an integrative analysis.
Lancet Psychiatry. 2014; 1:
286-293https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(14)70307-4
View in Article
* Scopus (0)
* PubMed
* Abstract
* Full Text
* Full Text PDF
* Google Scholar
11. * Mojtabai R.
* Olfson M.
* Han B.
National trends in the prevalence and treatment of depression in
adolescents and young adults.
Pediatrics. 2016; 138:
e20161878-e20162016https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1878
View in Article
* Scopus (870)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
12. * Racine N.
* McArthur B.A.
* Cooke J.E.
* Eirich R.
* Zhu J.
* Madigan S.
Global prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in children and
adolescents during COVID-19.
JAMA Pediatr. 2021; 175:
1142https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2482
View in Article
* Scopus (874)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
13. * Curtin S.C.
* Warner M.
* Hedegaard H.
Increase in Suicide in the United States, 1999-2014.
NCHS Data Brief. 2016; 241: 1-8
View in Article
* Google Scholar
14. * Hall W.
* Degenhardt L.
Cannabis use and the risk of developing a psychotic disorder.
World Psychiatry. 2008; 7:
68-71https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2051-5545.2008.tb00158.x
View in Article
* Scopus (106)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
15. * Anderson D.M.
* Rees D.I.
* Sabia J.J.
Medical marijuana laws and suicides by gender and age.
Am J Public Health. 2014; 104:
2369-2376https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2013.301612
View in Article
* Scopus (0)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
16. * Grucza R.A.
* Hur M.
* Agrawal A.
* et al.
A reexamination of medical marijuana policies in relation to suicide risk.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015; 152:
68-72https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.04.014
View in Article
* Scopus (20)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
17. * Rylander M.
* Valdez C.
* Nussbaum A.M.
Does the legalization of medical marijuana increase completed suicide?.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2014; 40:
269-273https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2014.910520
View in Article
* Scopus (22)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
18. * Matthay E.C.
* Kiang M.V.
* Elser H.
* Schmidt L.
* Humphreys K.
Evaluation of state cannabis laws and rates of self-harm and assault.
JAMA Netw Open. 2021;
4e211955https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.1955
View in Article
* Scopus (14)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
19. * Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Vital Statistics System. Mortality data.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/deaths.htm
Date accessed: June 20, 2022
View in Article
* Google Scholar
20. * National Cancer Institute
Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER). U.S. population
data─SEER population data.
https://seer.cancer.gov/popdata/index.html
Date accessed: June 20, 2022
View in Article
* Google Scholar
21. * Elm E.V.
* Altman D.G.
* Egger M.
* Pocock S.J.
* Gøtzsche P.C.
* Vandenbroucke J.P.
Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology
(STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.
BMJ. 2007; 335: 806-808https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39335.541782.ad
View in Article
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
22. Office of Global Affairs (OGA), Health Resources and Services
Administration (HRSA) data warehouse. HHS.gov.
https://www.hhs.gov/about/agencies/oga/about-oga/what-we-do/international-relations-division/americas/border-health-commission/observatory/hrsa-data-warehouse/index.html
Date accessed: June 20, 2022
View in Article
* Google Scholar
23. * United States Census Bureau
American Community Survey (ACS). Census.gov.
https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs
Date accessed: June 20, 2022
View in Article
* Google Scholar
24. * National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Alcohol Policy Information System (APIS).
https://alcoholpolicy.niaaa.nih.gov/
Date accessed: June 20, 2022
View in Article
* Google Scholar
25. * Centers for Disease Control and Prefention
State Tabacco Activities Tracking and Evaluation (STATE) System.
http://www.cdc.gov/statesystem/index.html
Date accessed: June 20, 2022
View in Article
* Google Scholar
26. * Boston University School of Public Health
State firearms laws database.
http://statefirearmlaws.org/
Date accessed: September 20, 2021
View in Article
* Google Scholar
27. Gifford Law Centers to Prevent Gun Violence. Gun laws.
http://giffords.org/lawcenter/gun-laws/
Date accessed: June 20, 2022
View in Article
* Google Scholar
28. * Anestis M.D.
* Anestis J.C.
Suicide rates and state laws regulating access and exposure to handguns.
Am J Public Health. 2015; 105:
2049-2058https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2015.302753
View in Article
* Scopus (0)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
29. * Kaufman E.J.
* Morrison C.N.
* Branas C.C.
* Wiebe D.J.
State firearm laws and interstate firearm deaths from homicide and suicide
in the United States.
JAMA Intern Med. 2018; 178:
692https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.0190
View in Article
* Scopus (66)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
30. NRI. Analytics Improving Behavioral Health.
http://www.nri-incdata.org/
Date accessed: June 20, 2022
View in Article
* Google Scholar
31. * Athey S.
* Imbens G.W.
Design-based analysis in Difference-In-Differences settings with staggered
adoption.
J Econometrics. 2022; 226:
62-79https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.10.012
View in Article
* Scopus (111)
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
32. * Hasin D.S.
* Wall M.M.
* Choi C.J.
* et al.
State cannabis legalization and cannabis use disorder in the US Veterans
Health Administration, 2005 to 2019.
JAMA Psychiatry. 2023; 80:
380https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.0019
View in Article
* Scopus (4)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
33. * Cerdá M.
* Mauro C.
* Hamilton A.
* et al.
Association between recreational marijuana legalization in the United
States and changes in marijuana use and cannabis use disorder from 2008 to
2016.
JAMA Psychiatry. 2020; 77:
165https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.3254
View in Article
* Scopus (307)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
34. * White H.
Maximum likelihood estimation of misspecified models.
Econometrica. 1982; 50: 1-26
View in Article
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
35. * Haneuse S.
* VanderWeele T.J.
* Arterburn D.
Using the E-value to assess the potential effect of unmeasured confounding
in observational studies.
JAMA. 2019; 321: 602-603https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.21554
View in Article
* Scopus (445)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
36. * Vanderweele T.J.
* Ding P.
Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the E-value.
Ann Intern Med. 2017; 167: 268https://doi.org/10.7326/m16-2607
View in Article
* Scopus (0)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
37. * Mathur M.B.
* Ding P.
* Riddell C.A.
* VanderWeele T.J.
Web site and R package for computing E-values.
Epidemiology. 2018; 29: e45-e47https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000000864
View in Article
* Scopus (0)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
38. * Ruch D.A.
* Sheftall A.H.
* Schlagbaum P.
* Rausch J.
* Campo J.V.
* Bridge J.A.
Trends in suicide among youth aged 10 to 19 years in the United States,
1975 to 2016.
JAMA Netw Open. 2019;
2e193886https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.3886
View in Article
* Scopus (169)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
39. * Casey B.J.
Beyond simple models of self-control to circuit-based accounts of
adolescent behavior.
Annu Rev Psychol. 2015; 66:
295-319https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015156
View in Article
* Scopus (478)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
40. * Paschall M.J.
* García-Ramírez G.
* Grube J.W.
Recreational marijuana legalization and use among California adolescents:
findings from a statewide survey.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2021; 82:
103-111https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2021.82.103
View in Article
* Scopus (25)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
41. * Doran N.
* Strong D.
* Myers M.G.
* Correa J.B.
* Tully L.
Post-legalization changes in marijuana use in a sample of young California
adults.
Addict Behav. 2021; 115106782https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106782
View in Article
* Scopus (16)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
42. * Livingston M.D.
* Walker A.
* Cannell M.B.
* Rossheim M.E.
Popularity of Delta-8 THC on the Internet across US States, 2021.
Am J Public Health. 2022; 112:
296-299https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306586
View in Article
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
43. * ElSohly M.A.
* Chandra S.
* Radwan M.
* Majumdar C.G.
* Church J.C.
A comprehensive review of cannabis potency in the united states in the last
decade.
Biol Psychiatry. 2021; 6: 603-606https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.12.016
View in Article
* Scopus (78)
* Abstract
* Full Text
* Full Text PDF
* Google Scholar
44. * Pennypacker S.D.
* Cunnane K.
* Cash M.C.
* Romero-Sandoval E.A.
Potency and therapeutic THC and CBD ratios: U.S. cannabis markets
overshoot.
Front Pharmacol. 2022; 13921493https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.921493
View in Article
* Scopus (15)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
45. * Pedersen E.R.
* Firth C.L.
* Rodriguez A.
* et al.
Examining associations between licensed and unlicensed outlet density and
cannabis outcomes from preopening to postopening of recreational cannabis
outlets.
Am J Addict. 2021; 30: 122-130https://doi.org/10.1111/ajad.13132
View in Article
* Scopus (21)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
46. * Wilson J.
* Freeman T.P.
* Mackie C.J.
Effects of increasing cannabis potency on adolescent health.
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019; 3:
121-128https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30342-0
View in Article
* Scopus (55)
* PubMed
* Abstract
* Full Text
* Full Text PDF
* Google Scholar
47. * Hasin D.S.
* Borodovsky J.
* Shmulewitz D.
* et al.
Use of highly-potent cannabis concentrate products: more common in U.S.
states with recreational or medical cannabis laws.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2021;
229109159https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109159
View in Article
* Scopus (13)
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
48. * Cooper Z.D.
* Craft R.M.
Sex-dependent effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: a translational
perspective.
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018; 43:
34-51https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2017.140
View in Article
* Scopus (184)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
49. * Caldwell J.E.
* Swan S.C.
* Woodbrown V.D.
Gender differences in intimate partner violence outcomes.
Psychol Viol. 2012; 2: 42-57https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026296
View in Article
* Scopus (169)
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
50. * Hammond C.J.
Editorial: early cannabis exposure definitions that correspond with high
cumulative lifetime dose during adolescence are the strongest predictors of
adverse health outcomes.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2022; 61:
612-614https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2022.02.008
View in Article
* Scopus (2)
* PubMed
* Abstract
* Full Text
* Full Text PDF
* Google Scholar
51. * Wilson S.
* Rhee S.H.
Causal effects of cannabis legalization on parents, parenting, and
children: a systematic review.
Prev Med. 2022; 156106956https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.106956
View in Article
* Scopus (6)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
52. * Mennis J.
* Stahler G.J.
* McKeon T.P.
Young adult cannabis use disorder treatment admissions declined as past
month cannabis use increased in the U.S.: an analysis of states by year,
2008–2017.
Addict Behav. 2021; 123107049https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107049
View in Article
* Scopus (16)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
53. * Johnson J.
* Hodgkin D.
* Harris S.K.
The design of medical marijuana laws and adolescent use and heavy use of
marijuana: analysis of 45 states from 1991 to 2011.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017; 170:
1-8https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.028
View in Article
* Scopus (53)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
54. * Bath E.
* Njoroge W.F.M.
Coloring outside the lines: making black and brown lives matter in the
prevention of youth suicide.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021; 60:
17-21https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.09.013
View in Article
* Scopus (19)
* PubMed
* Abstract
* Full Text
* Full Text PDF
* Google Scholar
55. * Cash M.C.
* Cunnane K.
* Fan C.
* Romero-Sandoval E.A.
Mapping cannabis potency in medical and recreational programs in the United
States.
PLoS One. 2020; 15e0230167https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230167
View in Article
* Scopus (70)
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
56. * Smart R.
* Caulkins J.P.
* Kilmer B.
* Davenport S.
* Midgette G.
Variation in cannabis potency and prices in a newly legal market: evidence
from 30 million cannabis sales in Washington state.
Addiction. 2017; 112: 2167-2177https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13886
View in Article
* Scopus (232)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
57. * Hasin D.S.
* Borodovsky J.
* Shmulewitz D.
* et al.
Adult use of highly-potent Δ9-THC cannabis concentrate products by U.S.
state cannabis legalization status, 2021.
Addict Behav. 2023; 140107617https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107617
View in Article
* Scopus (4)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
58. * Kim J.H.
State-level relationships cannot tell us anything about individuals, but
what they tell us about states should still be of interest.
Addiction. 2019; 114: 756-757https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14543
View in Article
* Scopus (2)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
59. * Kaminer Y.
* Burke R.
* Gill J.
Determining youth intentional fatal drug intoxication: the case for a
psychological autopsy to complement the medical examiner’s report.
J Child Adolesc Substance Abuse. 2020; 29:
80-87https://doi.org/10.1080/1067828X.2020.1837322
View in Article
* Scopus (1)
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
60. * Dilley J.A.
* Hitchcock L.
* McGroder N.
* Greto L.A.
* Richardson S.M.
Community-level policy responses to state marijuana legalization in
Washington state.
Int J Drug Policy. 2017; 42:
102-108https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.02.010
View in Article
* Scopus (50)
* PubMed
* Crossref
* Google Scholar
ARTICLE INFO
PUBLICATION HISTORY
Published online: June 26, 2023
Accepted: June 20, 2023
PUBLICATION STAGE
In Press Journal Pre-Proof
FOOTNOTES
Support for this study came from an American Academy of Child & Adolescent
Psychiatry (AACAP; Physician Scientist Career Development Award, K12DA000357 to
CJH), the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (Grant # 2020147 to CJH), the Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine (COVID Bridge Grant to CJH), and from the
National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants including R01MH117594 (CAF) and
UL1TR002733 (CAF, MH, GB). Funders of the study had no role in study design,
data collection, analysis, interpretation, or writing of the report. The
mortality data from this study is a restricted dataset from the National Center
of Health Statistics and therefore is not publicly available. Data on state
covariates are available from the corresponding author upon request.
The research was performed with permission from The Ohio State University’s
Institutional Review Board.
This study was presented as an abstract at the National Network of Depression
Centers 13th Annual Scientific Meeting; September 21, 2021; Virtual.
Dr. Brock served as the statistical expert for this research.
Author Contributions
All authors conceptualized and designed this study. MH, DLS, GB, and CAF
acquired, analyzed, and interpreted the data. CJH, MH, MAF, DLS, and CAF drafted
the manuscript. All authors critically reviewed the manuscript for important
intellectual content. MH and GB performed statistical analysis. CAF provided
project administration and resources. CJH and CAF supervised the study. MH and
DLS accessed and verified the data.
Disclosure: Dr. Hammond has received grant support from the National Institute
on Drug Abuse (NIDA; Bench to Bedside Award and K12DA000357), AACAP, the
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA; H79
SP082126-01), the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (Grant# 2020147), the
National Network of Depression Centers (NNDC), the Johns Hopkins Consortium for
School-based Health Solutions, and the Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, has served as a subject matter expert and consultant for SAMHSA, has
served on the Scientific Advisory Board for Forbes & Manhattan, and has received
honoraria in the past 24-months for meeting participation from NIDA, AACAP,
NNDC, and Psychiatric Times. Dr. Fristad has received royalties from American
Psychiatric Press and Guilford Press, an editorial stipend from the Society of
Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, and research support from Janssen.
Dr. Hasin has received funds for an unrelated study from Syneos Health, Inc.
Drs. Boustead, Steelesmith, Brock, and Fontanella and Mr. Hyer have reported no
biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.
IDENTIFICATION
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.06.014
COPYRIGHT
©2023 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
SCIENCEDIRECT
Access this article on ScienceDirect
LINKED ARTICLE
* Editorial: Marijuana Legalization and Suicide in Adolescents and
Transitional-Age Youth: Important Future Directions for This Line of Research
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
* Preview
Marijuana legalization (ML) processes for medical and recreational use in
the United States have been prompted by the potential for positive
downstream legal effects of decriminalization, including fewer
cannabis-related arrests and prosecutions, which have historically
disproportionately impacted minoritized communities. However, ML evolved
through primarily political processes, with minimal scientific guidance to
inform policies. Commercialization has increased youth cannabis access,
diversion of parental cannabis, and proliferation of high-potency products,
which, along with early use, are associated with poor mental health
outcomes.1 Taken together, these findings raise concerns about the impact
of medical (MML) and recreational marijuana legalization (RML) on youth
mental health.
* Full-Text
* PDF
RELATED ARTICLES
Hide CaptionDownloadSee figure in Article
Toggle Thumbstrip
* Download Hi-res image
* Download .PPT
LOGIN TO YOUR ACCOUNT
Email/Username
Password
Show
Forgot password?
Remember me
Don’t have an account?
Create a Free Account
If you don't remember your password, you can reset it by entering your email
address and clicking the Reset Password button. You will then receive an email
that contains a secure link for resetting your password
Email*
If the address matches a valid account an email will be sent to __email__ with
instructions for resetting your password
Cancel
* Home
* Access for Developing Countries
* Articles & Issues
* Articles In Press
* Current Issue
* List of Issues
* Child and Youth Artwork
* Collections
* Clinical Perspectives
* Commentaries
* COVID-19
* Editors' Notes
* Race and Disparities
* Reviews
* Separating Children & Families
* Translations
* Youth Suicide: Risks, Trends, Prevention
* AACAP Parameters, Updates and Clinical Practice Guidelines
* All Collections
* Podcasts
* Authors & Reviewers
* Submit a Manuscript
* Guide for Authors
* Guide for Reviewers
* Forms
* Open Access
* Permissions
* Researcher Academy
* CME
* Journal Club
* Journal Info
* About the Journal
* Abstracting/Indexing
* Editorial Board
* Editorial Disclosures
* Editorial Opportunities
* Open Access
* Press Releases
* Advertising
* Career Opportunities
* Reprints
* Contact Us
* JAACAP Connect
* AACAP
* Follow Us
* Facebook
* Twitter
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The content on this site is intended for healthcare professionals.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. To
update your cookie settings, please visit the Cookie Settings for this site.
All content on this site: Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc., its licensors, and
contributors.
All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training,
and similar technologies.
For all open access content, the Creative Commons licensing terms apply.
* Privacy Policy
* Terms and Conditions
* Accessibility
* Help & Contact
Click to get updates and verify authenticity.
We use cookies that are necessary to make our site work. We may also use
additional cookies to analyze, improve, and personalize our content and your
digital experience. For more information, see ourCookie Policy
Cookie Settings Accept all cookies
COOKIE PREFERENCE CENTER
We use cookies which are necessary to make our site work. We may also use
additional cookies to analyse, improve and personalise our content and your
digital experience. For more information, see our Cookie Policy and the list of
Google Ad-Tech Vendors.
You may choose not to allow some types of cookies. However, blocking some types
may impact your experience of our site and the services we are able to offer.
See the different category headings below to find out more or change your
settings.
Allow all
MANAGE CONSENT PREFERENCES
STRICTLY NECESSARY COOKIES
Always active
These cookies are necessary for the website to function and cannot be switched
off in our systems. They are usually only set in response to actions made by you
which amount to a request for services, such as setting your privacy
preferences, logging in or filling in forms. You can set your browser to block
or alert you about these cookies, but some parts of the site will not then work.
These cookies do not store any personally identifiable information.
Cookies details
FUNCTIONAL COOKIES
Functional Cookies
These cookies enable the website to provide enhanced functionality and
personalisation. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose
services we have added to our pages. If you do not allow these cookies then some
or all of these services may not function properly.
Cookies details
PERFORMANCE COOKIES
Performance Cookies
These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and
improve the performance of our site. They help us to know which pages are the
most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site.
Cookies details
TARGETING COOKIES
Targeting Cookies
These cookies may be set through our site by our advertising partners. They may
be used by those companies to build a profile of your interests and show you
relevant adverts on other sites. If you do not allow these cookies, you will
experience less targeted advertising.
Cookies details
Back Button
COOKIE LIST
Search Icon
Filter Icon
Clear
checkbox label label
Apply Cancel
Consent Leg.Interest
checkbox label label
checkbox label label
checkbox label label
Confirm my choices