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AddToAny More… ADVERTISEMENT SCROLL TO CONTINUE WITH CONTENT Open GPT Console Open Oracle Keywords Refresh Values Property Value Status Version Ad File Disable Ads Flag Environment Moat Init Moat Ready Contextual Ready Contextual URL Contextual Initial Segments Contextual Used Segments AdUnit SubAdUnit Custom Targeting Ad Events Invalid Ad Sizes * Submit Guide for Authors AACAP Member Login * Log in * Register * Log in * Submit Guide for Authors AACAP Member Login * Log in * Claim Access provided by Skip menu * Articles * * LATEST * Articles in Press * Current Issue * Past Issues * JAACAP Connect * Child and Youth Artwork * POPULAR ARTICLES * AACAP Official Action CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ANXIETY DISORDERS Walter et al. * AACAP official action CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH MAJOR AND PERSISTENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS Walter et al. * New research MAINTENANCE OF EFFICACY OF LISDEXAMFETAMINE DIMESYLATE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER: RANDOMIZED-WITHDRAWAL STUDY DESIGN Coghill et al. * LATEST ARTICLES * Commentary RE-IMAGINING NARRATIVE APPROACHES THROUGH COMICS FOR SYSTEMS-INVOLVED YOUTH España et al. * New research EXPLORING DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RACIALLY AND ETHNICALLY DIVERSE YOUTH WITH EATING DISORDERS USING CALIFORNIA MEDICAID CLAIMS DATA Accurso et al. * Attachments ATTACHMENTS: WHEN MORAL INJURY AND COMPASSION FATIGUE STRIKE: APOLOGIZE TO PATIENTS, FORGIVE OURSELVES * Pamela Hoffman * Publish * FOR AUTHORS * Submit Article External Link * Guide for Authors * Aims & Scope * Open Access Information External Link * Researcher Academy External Link * Forms * FOR REVIEWERS * Information for Reviewers * Editorial Opportunities * Topics * * Clinical Perspectives * COVID-19 * Editors' Notes * Race and Disparities * Registered Reports * Reviews * Separating Children & Families * Translations * Youth Suicide: Risks, Trends, Prevention * AACAP Parameters, Updates and Clinical Practice Guidelines * All Collections * * Multimedia * * Podcasts * CMEDirect Link * About * SOCIETY * AACAP External Link * Editorial Board * JOURNAL INFORMATION * Aims & Scope * Permissions * Reprints External Link * Abstracting & Indexing * Press Releases * Announcements * Editorial Disclosures * COMPANION JOURNALS * JAACAP Open External Link * ACCESS * Subscribe * Activate Online Access * AACAP Member Log In External Link * Contact * CONTACT * Contact Us * Career Opportunities External Link * Advertise with Us External Link * Go to Product Catalog External Link * FOLLOW US * New Content Alerts * Facebook External Link * Twitter External Link Go searchAdvanced search All contentArticle titleAuthorsKeywordsAbstractArticle title, abstract, keywordsAdvanced search Please enter a term before submitting your search. Ok New research|Articles in Press Association Between Marijuana Laws and Suicide Among 12- to 25-Year-Olds in the United States From 2000 to 2019 * Purchase * Academic & Personal: 24 hour online access * Corporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access * Subscribe * Save * Add To Online LibraryPowered ByMendeley * Add To My Reading List * Export Citation * Create Citation Alert * Share Share on * Twitter * Facebook * Linked In * Sina Weibo * Email * more * Reprints * Request * Top ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MARIJUANA LAWS AND SUICIDE AMONG 12- TO 25-YEAR-OLDS IN THE UNITED STATES FROM 2000 TO 2019 * Christopher J. Hammond, MD, PhD Christopher J. Hammond Correspondence Correspondence to Christopher Hammond, MD, PhD, Johns Hopkins Bayview, 5500 Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21224 Contact Affiliations Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Search for articles by this author * J. Madison Hyer, MS J. Madison Hyer Affiliations The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio Search for articles by this author * Anne E. Boustead, JD, PhD Anne E. Boustead Affiliations University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona Search for articles by this author * Mary A. Fristad, PhD, ABPP Mary A. Fristad Affiliations Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Search for articles by this author * Danielle L. Steelesmith, PhD Danielle L. Steelesmith Affiliations Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio Search for articles by this author * * Guy N. Brock, PhD Guy N. Brock Affiliations The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio Search for articles by this author * Deborah S. Hasin, PhD Deborah S. Hasin Affiliations Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Search for articles by this author * Cynthia A. Fontanella, PhD Cynthia A. Fontanella Affiliations The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio Search for articles by this author * Show all authors Published:June 26, 2023DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.06.014 Plum Print visual indicator of research metrics PlumX Metrics * Citations * Citation Indexes: 1 * Captures * Readers: 3 * Mentions * News Mentions: 1 * Social Media * Shares, Likes & Comments: 57 see details Previous ArticleAddressing the Gap in Research Training in Child … Next ArticleEffect of Pharmacological Treatment of … * Key words * References * Article info * Linked Article * Related Articles OBJECTIVE Cannabis use is associated with suicide-related outcomes in both adolescents and adults, and may be increasing amid shifting cannabis policies. However, little is known about the impact of medical marijuana legalization (MML) and recreational marijuana legalization (RML) policies on youth suicide. Using 20 years of national data, we examined associations between MML, RML, and suicide-related mortality among US individuals aged 12 to 25 years, and assessed whether they varied based on age and sex. METHOD Suicide deaths (N = 113,512) from the 2000-2019 National Vital Statistics System Multiple Cause of Death files for age groups 12 to 13, 14 to 16, 17 to 19, 20 to 22, and 23 to 25 years were examined in relation to time-varying cannabis law status using a staggered adoption difference-in-difference (DiD) approach with a negative binomial regression to determine associations between MML, RML, and suicide rates, controlling for individual- and state-level covariates and accounting for the varying effective dates of MML and RML by state. RESULTS The overall unadjusted annual suicide rate was 10.93/100,000, varying from 9.76 (states without marijuana laws (ML)) to 12.78 (MML states) to 16.68 (RML states). In multivariable analysis, both MML (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05-1.15) and RML (IRR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.06-1.27) were associated with higher suicide rates among female youth compared to those in states without ML. Youth aged 14 to 16 years had higher rates of suicide in states with RML compared to states with MML (IRR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.00-1.30) and states without ML (IRR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00-1.20). Findings were consistent across sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION MML and RML were associated with increased suicide-related mortality in female youth and 14- to- 16-year-old individuals of both sexes. Mechanisms through which cannabis policies are related to increased youth suicide warrant further study and should inform legislative reform. 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Int J Drug Policy. 2017; 42: 102-108https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.02.010 View in Article * Scopus (50) * PubMed * Crossref * Google Scholar ARTICLE INFO PUBLICATION HISTORY Published online: June 26, 2023 Accepted: June 20, 2023 PUBLICATION STAGE In Press Journal Pre-Proof FOOTNOTES Support for this study came from an American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP; Physician Scientist Career Development Award, K12DA000357 to CJH), the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (Grant # 2020147 to CJH), the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (COVID Bridge Grant to CJH), and from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants including R01MH117594 (CAF) and UL1TR002733 (CAF, MH, GB). Funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or writing of the report. The mortality data from this study is a restricted dataset from the National Center of Health Statistics and therefore is not publicly available. Data on state covariates are available from the corresponding author upon request. The research was performed with permission from The Ohio State University’s Institutional Review Board. This study was presented as an abstract at the National Network of Depression Centers 13th Annual Scientific Meeting; September 21, 2021; Virtual. Dr. Brock served as the statistical expert for this research. Author Contributions All authors conceptualized and designed this study. MH, DLS, GB, and CAF acquired, analyzed, and interpreted the data. CJH, MH, MAF, DLS, and CAF drafted the manuscript. All authors critically reviewed the manuscript for important intellectual content. MH and GB performed statistical analysis. CAF provided project administration and resources. CJH and CAF supervised the study. MH and DLS accessed and verified the data. Disclosure: Dr. Hammond has received grant support from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA; Bench to Bedside Award and K12DA000357), AACAP, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA; H79 SP082126-01), the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (Grant# 2020147), the National Network of Depression Centers (NNDC), the Johns Hopkins Consortium for School-based Health Solutions, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, has served as a subject matter expert and consultant for SAMHSA, has served on the Scientific Advisory Board for Forbes & Manhattan, and has received honoraria in the past 24-months for meeting participation from NIDA, AACAP, NNDC, and Psychiatric Times. Dr. Fristad has received royalties from American Psychiatric Press and Guilford Press, an editorial stipend from the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, and research support from Janssen. Dr. Hasin has received funds for an unrelated study from Syneos Health, Inc. Drs. Boustead, Steelesmith, Brock, and Fontanella and Mr. Hyer have reported no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest. IDENTIFICATION DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.06.014 COPYRIGHT ©2023 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry SCIENCEDIRECT Access this article on ScienceDirect LINKED ARTICLE * Editorial: Marijuana Legalization and Suicide in Adolescents and Transitional-Age Youth: Important Future Directions for This Line of Research Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry * Preview Marijuana legalization (ML) processes for medical and recreational use in the United States have been prompted by the potential for positive downstream legal effects of decriminalization, including fewer cannabis-related arrests and prosecutions, which have historically disproportionately impacted minoritized communities. However, ML evolved through primarily political processes, with minimal scientific guidance to inform policies. Commercialization has increased youth cannabis access, diversion of parental cannabis, and proliferation of high-potency products, which, along with early use, are associated with poor mental health outcomes.1 Taken together, these findings raise concerns about the impact of medical (MML) and recreational marijuana legalization (RML) on youth mental health. * Full-Text * PDF RELATED ARTICLES Hide CaptionDownloadSee figure in Article Toggle Thumbstrip * Download Hi-res image * Download .PPT LOGIN TO YOUR ACCOUNT Email/Username Password Show Forgot password? Remember me Don’t have an account? Create a Free Account If you don't remember your password, you can reset it by entering your email address and clicking the Reset Password button. 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