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HOW AERODYNAMIC IS YOUR BIKEPACKING SETUP?

December 16, 2021

Wherever you look in the bike industry (especially the sections related to drop
bars), one of the most commonly used buzz words is ‘aero’. The aerodynamic (or
lack of) properties of a bike, component, accessory, or rider can have drastic
effects on the experiences of riding a bike over any distance. The benefits of
an aerodynamically optimised setup make sense for road racing or time trials but
for bikepacking? Many of us are beginning to become aware that anything that
makes our life easier when riding or racing long distances is ‘a good thing’. 
Francis Cade made an excellent video about aero considerations, complete with
wind tunnel testing a couple of years ago – in fact, we wrote a blog feature
about this. 



But now the king of bikepacking equipment deep dives and reviews, Torsten Frank,
has gone one better and has just published his findings after testing the
aerodynamic properties of not just one bikepacking setup but eight very
different setups. As with anything Torsten does, it reads as one of the most
thorough research articles. If you have an hour free, then head over to his
website to read the whole thing (you will need to translate it if German is not
your chosen language). For those of you who just want the results, then keep
reading. We’ve synthesised the data down into a shorter TLDR (Too Long, Didn’t
Read) version, so you get the take-homes. 




THE TESTING PROCESS



So with any type of testing, the first step is to define the variables and test
protocol. With aero testing, this is particularly challenging due to the huge
number of variables. Torsten being Torsten has actually written another
extensive “pre-blog” delving into the detail of his protocol and highlighting
his assumptions and possible errors. You can read this here.



As with any testing, there will always be the potential for inaccuracies so it’s
worth mentioning that these tests are not meant as a wholly exhaustive and
definitive study.



Torsten carried out all testing over a two-month period around a defined outdoor
route earlier this year. To gather data Torsten used two recognised and reliable
tools: Robert Chung’s Chung Method of self aero testing (using Golden Cheetah
software) and Aerotune’s Aerotest app, which utilises GPS devices and power
meters. These two ways of testing are used by professionals such as World Tour
teams to produce highly accurate results.



Twenty-eight trials were carried out for the eight different setups in total.
Each trial consisted of several test runs, up to 5 per individual setup trial.
Resulting in a total of 107 test runs completed. Each test run consisted of the
same, repeatable one-kilometre circuit.


Torsten’s rigorous testing process



BASIC TERMS



Before we go any further, there are a few specific terms you need to know to get
the most out of the data:



CdA – CdA is the coefficient of drag (Cd) multiplied by the area (A) of a moving
object. By lowering your CdA, you can attain greater speeds for the same power
input. The lower the figure, the ‘better’ the result (more aerodynamic)



aeroPOINTS (aP) – Since the area of a cyclist is minimal (0.5-0.7m2), CdA values
would be in the decimal range, making any differences in results sound complex
and with minimal changes. aeroPOINTS multiply the results by 100, making the
results (and differences) easier to identify. This approach was developed by
Aerotune and used in its Aerotest protocol, one of the testing methods used by
Torsten.



Crr – Coefficient of rolling resistance. Tyre construction and air pressure are
critical factors in defining Crr. For this test, Torsten used four set levels of
Crr to determine the results.




THE SETUPS



All luggage testing took place on the same bike, Torsten’s No. 22 Bicycles
Drifter, a titanium gravel bike. The frame has three bottle cages mounts, with
two bottles carried in the frame triangle, a 500 ml on the down tube and 1000 ml
on the seat tube. A compact half-frame bag (Cyclite frame bag 01). DT Swiss ERC
Spline 47 carbon high-profile wheels, Schwalbe Pro One 700c x 28 front and 30 mm
rear road tyres. Standard road type handlebar with Profile Design Aerobars set
with 30 mm risers. Torsten also wore the same kit and used the same Kask Protone
helmet for consistency.



Torsten tested eight differing setups, including a complete mix of front bags,
seatpacks, panniers, and Tailfin AeroPack arrangements as follows:



Setup A-1 – Base bicycle plus Tailfin AeroPack

Setup A-2 – Base Bicycle plus Cyclite handlebar roll and Tailfin AeroPack

Setup A-3 – Base Bicycle plus Cyclite Aero Bar Bag and Tailfin AeroPack

Setup A-4 – Base Bicycle plus Tailfin AeroPack, 2x Tailfin 5L Mini Panniers

Setup A-5 – Base Bicycle plus Tailfin AeroPack, 2x Tailfin 22SL Panniers

Setup A-6 – Base Bicycle plus Tailfin AeroPack, 1x Tailfin 22SL Pannier (fitted
on the right)

Setup B-1 – Base Bicycle, no other bags

Setup B-2 – Base Bicycle plus Apidura Expedition (14L) saddle bag.


Setup A-3

Setup A-4

Setup B-2



THE RESULTS



The following table (figure 1.) outlines the overall CdA results (expressed in
aeroPOINTS) for each of the eight test setups. Torsten calculated these against
four differing rolling resistance measurements (Crr). He then took the results
based around a Crr of 6 as the benchmark figures to compare all setups against
each other.


Figure 1. CdA analysis for eight bikepacking setups at differing rolling
resistance (Crr). Credit: Torsten Frank


*In aerodynamic tests it is important to know the error variables and accuracy
limits. The more even and constant the actual tests are carried out and the more
test runs are based on a single test, the lower the remaining sum of deviations
between the recorded quantities in the test (power, speed, height gain or loss)
with the motion model calculations solved on CdA (and possibly Crr). Error sizes
in the amount of 1.1 to 1.5% are extremely good


Figure 2. Specific CdA comparison of the 8 bikepacking setups, expressed in
aeroPOINTS. Credit: Torsten Frank


The bar chart above (figure 2.) is the most straightforward depiction of the
results. Here you can see that setup A-3 (Cyclite Aero Bar Bag/Tailfin AeroPack)
proves to be the most aerodynamically optimised with a CdA (aeroPOINTS) score of
31.5, a full 0.9 points ‘faster’ than the second-fastest setup (A-1). The most
exciting result that jumps out of the page is that both setups are faster (have
a lower CdA) than the base bike setup with no bags at all.  



If you’re still here at this point, you are probably wondering, “all this data
is all well and good, but as I don’t have a doctorate in aerodynamics, what do
these figures actually mean in the real world?” The simple answer is time; well,
to put it more accurately, time saved over a set period.



Torsten’s use of Aerotune’s Aerotest software allowed him to plug in this CdA
data, along with several other variables such as system weight (rider and bike),
weather and power output; he was able to calculate the time it would take to
complete a specific course. 



Using the default Challenge Roth course, a 180km long route similar to the
distance many ultra-distance riders and racers might look to complete in a day,
he extracted some impressive information.



At a set 200 watts, riding at 35 km/h in calm conditions, the difference between
the ‘fastest setup (A-3) and ‘slowest’ (A-2) equated to 7 minutes and 31
seconds. So you could save over seven and a half minutes over a 180km course
just by swapping from a standard handlebar roll to an aero shaped version. That
would be like an extra rest stop for free, every 180km OR the difference between
winning and losing.




CONCLUSIONS


The fastest bikepacking setup in the world?


Torsten’s article goes into far more detail regarding the data collection and
results drawn. If you want to really get into it then we recommend you head over
to his feature for the whole story. Over here, we’ll leave you with Torsten’s
conclusions:


 * A Tailfin AeroPack makes you faster! This setup shows a significant 0.5
   aeroPOINTs gain compared to riding without an AeroPack (A-1 compared to B-1).
   Carrying around 14 litres of luggage volume in my case is not only possible
   without negative aerodynamic influence – no, I even benefit from it!
 * By far the slowest option is to use a handlebar roller. Compared to the
   fastest handlebar bag option, the handlebar roll in the test is even huge 3.1
   aeroPOINTs slower. 
 * A medium-sized seat pack like the tested Apidura Expedition Saddle Pack (14L)
   is aerodynamically neutral when it sits neatly behind the rider and doesn’t
   move out to the sides or is wider than the rider. 
 * Two full-size panniers (tested in the form of the Tailfin SL22 panniers and
   only in addition to and on the Tailfin AeroPack) is unsurprisingly the
   slowest of the pannier bag solutions at the rear. But what is surprising is
   there is only a 0.9 aeroPOINT disadvantage compared to setup A-1 (just an
   AeroPack). The increase in volume allowed by the use of this size pannier is
   significant for such a small loss in aerodynamic performance.
 * Using two 5L Mini Panniers produces the exact CdA figures as using a single
   SL22 pannier. And then only represents a 0.5 aeroPOINT disadvantage to riding
   without any panniers on the AeroPack (Setup A-4 and A-5 to Setup A-1)
 * Since the Tailfin AeroPack is 0.5 aeroPOINTs faster than when riding with the
   Apidura Seatpack or without pannier bags at the rear, the additional use of 2
   5L Mini Panniers or a single SL22 pannier produces a neutral result!



In other words, if you want to create the fastest and most aerodynamic
bikepacking setup, make sure you start with a Tailfin AeroPack.



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