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CREATOR OF LOADING ...

United Nations Political and Peacekeeping Missions in Haiti (1993-2001)

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INTERNATIONAL CIVILIAN SUPPORT MISSION IN HAITI (MICAH)

 1. Authority record
 2. International Civilian Support Mission in Haiti (MICAH)

IDENTITY AREA


AUTHORIZED FORM OF NAME

International Civilian Support Mission in Haiti (MICAH)
DESCRIPTION AREA


HISTORY

International Civilian Mission in Haiti, OAS/UN (MICIVIH)
The International Civilian Mission in Haiti, OAS/UN (MICIVIH) was established in
February 1993 by the Organization of American States (OAS) and the United
Nations at the request of Haitian… Read more

International Civilian Mission in Haiti, OAS/UN (MICIVIH)
The International Civilian Mission in Haiti, OAS/UN (MICIVIH) was established in
February 1993 by the Organization of American States (OAS) and the United
Nations at the request of Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, who had been
deposed on 29 September 1991 in a coup led by Lieutenant General of the Haitian
Armed Forces (FADH) Raoul Cédras. MICIVIH was the United Nations’ first joint
mission with a regional organization. It was integrated operationally as well as
administratively. MICIVIH was known in French as Mission Civile International en
Haiti, OEA/ONU, and in Creole, as Misyon Sivil Entènasyonal an Ayti, OEA/ONU.

MICIVIH was mandated to: ensure respect for the human rights inscribed in the
Haitian Constitution and in the international instruments which Haiti was party
to, in particular the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
(ICCPR) and the American Convention on Human Rights; and contribute to the
strengthening of judicial, police, and prison institutions important for the
promotion and protection of human rights. MICIVIH focused special attention on
the right to life, the integrity and security of the person, and the freedoms of
expression, association, and assembly.

To fulfil its mandate, MICIVIH was authorized to receive communications about
alleged human rights violations; to enjoy complete freedom of movement within
Haitian territory; to interview anyone freely and privately; to verify case
follow-up in Haitian institutions and make recommendations to Haitian
authorities; to undertake public information and human rights education
campaigns.

In mid-October 1993, for security reasons, the MICIVIH staff evacuated to the
Dominican Republic. A small contingent returned to Haiti in January 1994. In
July 1994, Haiti’s de facto regime and military leadership expelled the mission
from the country.

The de facto regime resigned from power on 14 October 1994 from pressure exerted
by the Multinational Force (MNF), which had been authorized by Security Council
Resolution 940 (1994) and had begun deployment in Haiti on 19 September 1994 in
Operation Uphold Democracy. Jean-Bertrand Aristide returned from exile and
resumed the office of the presidency on 15 October 1994.

MICIVIH was re-established in full force in Haiti on 26 October 1994 and
expanded. Added responsibilities included democratic institution-building, civic
education, assisting with the repatriation and resettlement of displaced
persons, and providing medical assistance to victims of human rights abuses.

The Executive Director served as Head of Mission and reported to the
Secretary-General of the Organization of American States (OAS) and to the United
Nations Secretary-General. Colin Terrence Granderson was the Executive Director
for the entire duration of the mission.

MICIVIH's headquarters were located in Port-au-Prince.

At the start of the mission in 1993, MICIVIH was comprised of a Human Rights
Division, under which functioned: the Investigation and Research Unit, the Human
Rights Education Unit, the Judicial Unit, the Medical Unit, and the Operations
Unit. In late 1995, the Human Rights Division was dissolved and the mission was
restructured into two sections, the Section des Affaires Juridiques et du
Renforcement Institutionnel (SAJRI) and the Protection and Promotion of Human
Rights Section (PPHR).

MICIVIH set up regional offices in the following nine departments:

Base 1 : Port-au-Prince, West Department
Base 1A : West Department (rural)
Base 1B : Petit Goave, West Department
Base 2 : Gonaives, Artibonite Department
Base 2A : Saint Marc, Artibonite Department
Base 3 : Les Cayes, South Department
Base 4 : Cap Haitien, North Department
Base 5 : Jeremie, Grand’Anse Department
Base 6 : Hinche, Center Department
Base 7 : Jacmel, South East Department
Base 8 : Port-de-Paix, North West Department
Base 9 : Fort Liberte, North East Department

Desk Officers managed the regional bases and staff included: Regional
Coordinators; Observers who worked in the areas of human rights, judicial,
prison, medical and electoral monitoring; and local support personnel.

MICIVIH’s mandate expired on 15 March 2000.

United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH)
The United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) was established by Security Council
Resolution 867 (1993) of 23 September 1993 for a period of six months. Its
purpose was to help implement certain provisions of the Governors Island
Agreement signed by the Haitian parties on 3 July 1993, and its mandate was to
assist in modernizing the armed forces of Haiti and establishing a new police
force. However, due to non-cooperation of the Haitian military authorities in
1993 and 1994, UNMIH could not be fully deployed. UNMIH was known in French as
Mission des Nations Unies en Haiti (MINUHA).

Following the restoration on 15 October 1994 of the legitimate Haitian
government with the help of the Multinational Force (MNF), UNMIH's mandate was
revised by Security Council Resolutions 940 (1994) and 975 (1995) to enable the
mission to assist the democratic Government of Haiti in fulfilling its
responsibilities in connection with: sustaining a secure and stable environment
established during the multinational phase and protecting international
personnel and key installations; and professionalizing of the Haitian armed
forces and the creation of a police force separate from the armed forces. UNMIH
also was to assist government authorities to establish an environment conducive
to the organization of free and fair elections.

UNMIH assumed its full functions on 31 March 1995, taking on the
responsibilities of the MNF. Democratic legislative and municipal elections were
held on 25 June 1995. The presidential elections took place on 17 December 1995.
The new President assumed office on 7 February 1996.

UNMIH was headquartered in Port-au-Prince. Its leadership was carried out by the
following individuals:

Special Envoy of the Secretary General, Dante Caputo of Argentina (September
1993 to September 1994)
Special Representative of the Secretary General (SRSG), Lakhdar Brahimi of
Algeria (September 1994 to March 1996)
Special Representative of the Secretary General (SRSG), Enrique ter Horst of
Venezuela (March to June 1996)

The mandate of UNMIH expired on 30 June 1996.

United Nations Support Mission in Haiti (UNSMIH)
The United Nations Support Mission in Haiti (UNSMIH) was established on 28 June
1996 by Security Council Resolution 1063 (1996). It was known in French as the
Mission d'Appui des Nations Unies en Haiti (MANUH).

UNSMIH was mandated to assist the Government of Haiti in the professionalization
of the Haitian National Police (HNP); to assist Haitian authorities in
maintaining a secure and stable environment conducive to the establishment and
training of an effective national police force; and to coordinate United Nations
system activities to promote institution-building, national reconciliation and
economic rehabilitation.

UNSMIH consisted of a Civilian Police component; and a military component
comprised of a reconnaissance battalion, a helicopter unit, a military police
unit, an engineer unit, transport and logistics elements, and medical support.

UNSMIH was headquartered in Port-au-Prince.

Enrique ter Horst of Venezuela served as Special Representative of the
Secretary-General (SRSG) from March through July 1996.

Brigadier-General J. R. P. Daigle of Canada served as Force Commander from July
1996 to July 1997.

The mandate of UNSMIH expired on 31 July 1997.

United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti (UNTMIH)
The United Nations Transition Mission in Haiti (UNTMIH) was established by
Security Council Resolution 1123 (1997) of 30 July 1997 to assist the Government
of Haiti by supporting and contributing to the professionalization of the
Haitian National Police (HNP). Tasks of UNTMIH's Civilian Police included
training HNP specialized units in crowd control and National Palace security.
Additionally, UNTMIH and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
continued preparation of an assistance programme to provide HNP with law
enforcement expertise. Tasks of UNTMIH's military component included ensuring,
under the authority of the Force Commander, the safety and freedom of movement
of United Nations personnel implementing the mandate. UNTMIH also worked to
achieve a level of political stability conducive to a nation-building
partnership between Haiti, the United Nations and non-governmental
organizations. UNTMIH was known in French as Mission de Transition Des Nations
Unies en Haiti (MITNUH).

UNTMIH was headquartered in Port-au-Prince. Its Head of Mission and Special
Representative of the Secretary General (SRSG) was Enrique ter Horst of
Venezuela.

UNTMIH’s mandate expired on 30 November 1997.

United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH)
The United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH) was established by
Security Council Resolution 1141 (1997) of 28 November 1997 to continue to
assist the Government of Haiti in the professionalization of the Haitian
National Police. The mission placed special emphasis on assistance at the
supervisory level and on training specialized police units. Other tasks included
mentoring police, guiding police agents in day-to-day duties and maintaining
close coordination with technical advisers to the Police funded by the United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and bilateral donors. MIPONUH's Special
Police Unit (SPU) was tasked with providing assistance to MIPONUH personnel and
protecting its property. MIPONUH was known in French as Mission de Police Civile
des Nations Unies en Haiti.

MIPONUH was headquartered in Port-au-Prince. Its leadership was carried out by
the following individuals:

Representative of the Secretary General (RSG), Julian Harston of the United
Kingdom (December 1997 to September 1999)
Representative of the Secretary General (RSG), Alfredo Lopes Cabral of
Guinea-Bissau (October 1999 to March 2000)

MIPONUH’s mandate expired on 15 March 2000.

International Civilian Support Mission in Haiti (MICAH)
The International Civilian Support Mission in Haiti (MICAH) was a peacebuilding
mission created by a consensus vote of the General Assembly in resolution
A/54/193 of 17 December 1999. MICAH was known in French as Mission Civile
Internationale d'Appui en Haiti. It was supported by the United Nations
Secretary-General’s Group of Friends of Haiti.

Launched on 16 March 2000, MICAH was mandated to consolidate the results
achieved by MIPONUH and its predecessor missions. It was tasked with further
promoting human rights and reinforcing the institutional effectiveness of the
Haitian police and the judiciary, and with coordinating and facilitating the
international community's dialogue with political and social actors in Haiti.
MICAH formulated three pillars to carry out its mandate: the Justice Pillar, the
Police Pillar, and the Human Rights Pillar.

Alfredo Lopes Cabral of Guinea-Bissau served as Representative of the
Secretary-General (RSG) for the duration of the mission.

MICAH’s mandate expired on 6 February 2001.

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Printed: 2023-07-28