update.itwcw.cz Open in urlscan Pro
46.28.105.9 Public Scan

URL:
http://update.itwcw.cz/
Submission: On February 10 via manual (February 10th 2021, 5:45:43 am UTC) from DE

Summary HTTP 13 Redirects Links 6 Behaviour Indicators

Summary

This website contacted 1 IPs in 1 countries across 1 domains to perform 13 HTTP transactions. The main IP is 46.28.105.9, located in Hluboka nad Vltavou, Czech Republic and belongs to WEDOS, CZ. The main domain is update.itwcw.cz.

This is the only time update.itwcw.cz was scanned on urlscan.io!

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

	IP Address		AS Autonomous System
13	46.28.105.9 46.28.105.9		197019 (WEDOS) (WEDOS)
13	1

13 46.28.105.9 (Hluboka nad Vltavou, Czech Republic)

ASN197019 (WEDOS, CZ)
PTR: wl11-f13.wedos.net

update.itwcw.cz	Domain lookup VirusTotal SecurityTrails crt.sh Censys Domaintools

	Apex Domain Subdomains	Transfer
13	itwcw.cz update.itwcw.cz	58 KB
13	1

	Domain	Requested by
13	update.itwcw.cz	update.itwcw.cz
13	1

This site contains links to these domains. Also see Links.

Domain
help.datron.cz
dlearning.datron.cz
dportal.datron.cz
dprocess.datron.cz
www.dkurzy.cz
www.datron.cz

Subject Issuer	Validity	Valid

This page contains 1 frames:

Primary Page: http://update.itwcw.cz/
Frame ID: 414A2F570D58E1688A82A420B275F1C1
Requests: 13 HTTP requests in this frame

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

Detected technologies

Apache (Web Servers) Expand

Overall confidence: 100%
Detected patterns

headers server /(?:Apache(?:$|\/([\d.]+)|[^/-])|(?:^|\b)HTTPD)/i

Page Statistics

13
Requests

0 %
HTTPS

0 %
IPv6

1
Domains

1
Subdomains

1
IPs

1
Countries

58 kB
Transfer

112 kB
Size

0
Cookies

6 Outgoing links

These are links going to different origins than the main page.

URL: http://help.datron.cz/
Title: d.help

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: http://dlearning.datron.cz/
Title: d.learning

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: http://dportal.datron.cz/
Title: d.portal

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: http://dprocess.datron.cz/
Title: d.process

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

URL: http://www.dkurzy.cz/web/
Title: d.kurzy

Search URL Search Domain Scan URL

Redirected requests

There were HTTP redirect chains for the following requests:

13 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions

Method Protocol	Status	Resource Path	Size x-fer	Time Latency	Type MIME-Type	IP Location
GET H/1.1	200 OK	Primary Request / Show response update.itwcw.cz/	62 KB 15 KB	268ms 127ms	Document text/html	46.28.105.9 WEDOS
General Check archive.org Show headers Download Go to Full URL http://update.itwcw.cz/ Protocol HTTP/1.1 Server 46.28.105.9 Hluboka nad Vltavou, Czech Republic, ASN197019 (WEDOS, CZ), Reverse DNS wl11-f13.wedos.net Software Apache / Resource Hash `4baad33be96ed063bc2a8a4d7ad045027772898b0e70e3871b153acba77de512` Request headers Host update.itwcw.cz Connection keep-alive Pragma no-cache Cache-Control no-cache Upgrade-Insecure-Requests 1 User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36 Accept text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,/;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9 Accept-Encoding gzip, deflate Accept-Language en-US Upgrade-Insecure-Requests 1 User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36 Response headers Date Wed, 10 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT Server Apache Upgrade h2,h2c Connection Upgrade, Keep-Alive Cache-Control max-age=0 Expires Wed, 10 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT Vary Accept-Encoding Content-Encoding gzip Content-Length 15083 Keep-Alive timeout=2, max=500 Content-Type text/html
GET H/1.1	200 OK	system.css update.itwcw.cz/web/css/	2 KB 1 KB	113ms 93ms	Stylesheet text/css	46.28.105.9 WEDOS
General Check archive.org Show headers Download Go to Full URL http://update.itwcw.cz/web/css/system.css Requested by Host: update.itwcw.cz URL: http://update.itwcw.cz/ Protocol HTTP/1.1 Server 46.28.105.9 Hluboka nad Vltavou, Czech Republic, ASN197019 (WEDOS, CZ), Reverse DNS wl11-f13.wedos.net Software Apache / Resource Hash `a5d3b7d8cd70f990c36b0058120a97a12d7fdd4ac618f515dc64782f07174c7a` Request headers Referer http://update.itwcw.cz/ User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36 Response headers Date Wed, 10 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT Content-Encoding gzip Last-Modified Tue, 06 Nov 2012 09:33:59 GMT Server Apache ETag "8e8-4cdd04d342fc0-gzip" Vary Accept-Encoding Upgrade h2,h2c Cache-Control max-age=604800 Connection Upgrade, Keep-Alive Accept-Ranges bytes Content-Type text/css Keep-Alive timeout=2, max=500 Content-Length 805 Expires Wed, 17 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT
GET H/1.1	200 OK	main.css update.itwcw.cz/web/css/	12 KB 3 KB	107ms 88ms	Stylesheet text/css	46.28.105.9 WEDOS
General Check archive.org Show headers Download Go to Full URL http://update.itwcw.cz/web/css/main.css Requested by Host: update.itwcw.cz URL: http://update.itwcw.cz/ Protocol HTTP/1.1 Server 46.28.105.9 Hluboka nad Vltavou, Czech Republic, ASN197019 (WEDOS, CZ), Reverse DNS wl11-f13.wedos.net Software Apache / Resource Hash `2bf8bd814266bfaa57519da893f66d5371ad52862372660f83b12f72ffc1d5a7` Request headers Referer http://update.itwcw.cz/ User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36 Response headers Date Wed, 10 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT Content-Encoding gzip Last-Modified Tue, 06 Nov 2012 09:33:59 GMT Server Apache ETag "2ff7-4cdd04d342fc0-gzip" Vary Accept-Encoding Upgrade h2,h2c Cache-Control max-age=604800 Connection Upgrade, Keep-Alive Accept-Ranges bytes Content-Type text/css Keep-Alive timeout=2, max=500 Content-Length 2613 Expires Wed, 17 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT
GET H/1.1	200 OK	logo.jpg update.itwcw.cz/web/images/	7 KB 7 KB	109ms 91ms	Image image/jpeg	46.28.105.9 WEDOS
General Check archive.org Show headers Download Go to Show image Full URL http://update.itwcw.cz/web/images/logo.jpg Requested by Host: update.itwcw.cz URL: http://update.itwcw.cz/ Protocol HTTP/1.1 Server 46.28.105.9 Hluboka nad Vltavou, Czech Republic, ASN197019 (WEDOS, CZ), Reverse DNS wl11-f13.wedos.net Software Apache / Resource Hash `58b75dd7dc60eca7a95a7b898d2e153f2716cb3acc12798ed906c197e71e0bbd` Request headers Referer http://update.itwcw.cz/ User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36 Response headers Date Wed, 10 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT Last-Modified Tue, 06 Nov 2012 09:34:01 GMT Server Apache ETag "1bfc-4cdd04d52b440" Upgrade h2,h2c Cache-Control max-age=604800 Connection Upgrade, Keep-Alive Accept-Ranges bytes Content-Type image/jpeg Keep-Alive timeout=2, max=500 Content-Length 7164 Expires Wed, 17 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT
GET H/1.1	200 OK	h1_ico.gif update.itwcw.cz/web/images/	2 KB 2 KB	113ms 94ms	Image image/gif	46.28.105.9 WEDOS
General Check archive.org Show headers Download Go to Show image Full URL http://update.itwcw.cz/web/images/h1_ico.gif Requested by Host: update.itwcw.cz URL: http://update.itwcw.cz/ Protocol HTTP/1.1 Server 46.28.105.9 Hluboka nad Vltavou, Czech Republic, ASN197019 (WEDOS, CZ), Reverse DNS wl11-f13.wedos.net Software Apache / Resource Hash `baa1cc1c9e2eb447ea0264d13df8cf79b7cc2470788da86df293b611e45a8b9c` Request headers Referer http://update.itwcw.cz/ User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36 Response headers Date Wed, 10 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT Last-Modified Tue, 06 Nov 2012 09:34:00 GMT Server Apache ETag "712-4cdd04d437200" Upgrade h2,h2c Cache-Control max-age=604800 Connection Upgrade, Keep-Alive Accept-Ranges bytes Content-Type image/gif Keep-Alive timeout=2, max=500 Content-Length 1810 Expires Wed, 17 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT
GET H/1.1	200 OK	bg_lay.gif update.itwcw.cz/web/images/	9 KB 10 KB	59ms 58ms	Image image/gif	46.28.105.9 WEDOS
General Check archive.org Show headers Download Go to Show image Full URL http://update.itwcw.cz/web/images/bg_lay.gif Requested by Host: update.itwcw.cz URL: http://update.itwcw.cz/web/css/main.css Protocol HTTP/1.1 Server 46.28.105.9 Hluboka nad Vltavou, Czech Republic, ASN197019 (WEDOS, CZ), Reverse DNS wl11-f13.wedos.net Software Apache / Resource Hash `8fd75ec78248eda24671beb5e0119773c53f0edf5dd6ad86eafb6efebb8bff3e` Request headers Referer http://update.itwcw.cz/web/css/main.css User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36 Response headers Date Wed, 10 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT Last-Modified Tue, 06 Nov 2012 09:34:00 GMT Server Apache ETag "25f3-4cdd04d437200" Content-Type image/gif Cache-Control max-age=604800 Connection Keep-Alive Accept-Ranges bytes Keep-Alive timeout=2, max=499 Content-Length 9715 Expires Wed, 17 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT
GET H/1.1	200 OK	bg_lay2.gif update.itwcw.cz/web/images/	9 KB 10 KB	67ms 66ms	Image image/gif	46.28.105.9 WEDOS
General Check archive.org Show headers Download Go to Show image Full URL http://update.itwcw.cz/web/images/bg_lay2.gif Requested by Host: update.itwcw.cz URL: http://update.itwcw.cz/web/css/main.css Protocol HTTP/1.1 Server 46.28.105.9 Hluboka nad Vltavou, Czech Republic, ASN197019 (WEDOS, CZ), Reverse DNS wl11-f13.wedos.net Software Apache / Resource Hash `37527680333ad5d12b0e88439636d7b26990d443f213394ecdd18fb4be1490a9` Request headers Referer http://update.itwcw.cz/web/css/main.css User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36 Response headers Date Wed, 10 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT Last-Modified Tue, 06 Nov 2012 09:34:00 GMT Server Apache ETag "25c5-4cdd04d437200" Content-Type image/gif Cache-Control max-age=604800 Connection Keep-Alive Accept-Ranges bytes Keep-Alive timeout=2, max=499 Content-Length 9669 Expires Wed, 17 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT
GET H/1.1	200 OK	menu.png update.itwcw.cz/web/images/	316 B 656 B	65ms 65ms	Image image/png	46.28.105.9 WEDOS
General Check archive.org Show headers Download Go to Show image Full URL http://update.itwcw.cz/web/images/menu.png Requested by Host: update.itwcw.cz URL: http://update.itwcw.cz/web/css/main.css Protocol HTTP/1.1 Server 46.28.105.9 Hluboka nad Vltavou, Czech Republic, ASN197019 (WEDOS, CZ), Reverse DNS wl11-f13.wedos.net Software Apache / Resource Hash `7bb709829bdd485703698ceb6de26e8be1d869b2480df774b4c3ac45bcabd9cf` Request headers Referer http://update.itwcw.cz/web/css/main.css User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36 Response headers Date Wed, 10 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT Last-Modified Tue, 06 Nov 2012 09:34:01 GMT Server Apache ETag "13c-4cdd04d52b440" Content-Type image/png Cache-Control max-age=604800 Connection Keep-Alive Accept-Ranges bytes Keep-Alive timeout=2, max=499 Content-Length 316 Expires Wed, 17 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT
GET H/1.1	200 OK	dashed.gif update.itwcw.cz/web/images/	1 KB 1 KB	54ms 54ms	Image image/gif	46.28.105.9 WEDOS
General Check archive.org Show headers Download Go to Show image Full URL http://update.itwcw.cz/web/images/dashed.gif Requested by Host: update.itwcw.cz URL: http://update.itwcw.cz/web/css/main.css Protocol HTTP/1.1 Server 46.28.105.9 Hluboka nad Vltavou, Czech Republic, ASN197019 (WEDOS, CZ), Reverse DNS wl11-f13.wedos.net Software Apache / Resource Hash `4145476313a3952006047a3da148f1b5e239066a5ee38840d33d0eb6e0ea1f6f` Request headers Referer http://update.itwcw.cz/web/css/main.css User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36 Response headers Date Wed, 10 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT Last-Modified Tue, 06 Nov 2012 09:34:00 GMT Server Apache ETag "4a4-4cdd04d437200" Content-Type image/gif Cache-Control max-age=604800 Connection Keep-Alive Accept-Ranges bytes Keep-Alive timeout=2, max=499 Content-Length 1188 Expires Wed, 17 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT
GET H/1.1	200 OK	h1.png update.itwcw.cz/web/images/	3 KB 3 KB	64ms 63ms	Image image/png	46.28.105.9 WEDOS
General Check archive.org Show headers Download Go to Show image Full URL http://update.itwcw.cz/web/images/h1.png Requested by Host: update.itwcw.cz URL: http://update.itwcw.cz/web/css/main.css Protocol HTTP/1.1 Server 46.28.105.9 Hluboka nad Vltavou, Czech Republic, ASN197019 (WEDOS, CZ), Reverse DNS wl11-f13.wedos.net Software Apache / Resource Hash `17c712f9fc0876196cedd82e46e6676022569b74eb115f83ce94a8c8f14b06c6` Request headers Referer http://update.itwcw.cz/web/css/main.css User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36 Response headers Date Wed, 10 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT Last-Modified Tue, 06 Nov 2012 09:34:00 GMT Server Apache ETag "b6b-4cdd04d437200" Content-Type image/png Cache-Control max-age=604800 Connection Keep-Alive Accept-Ranges bytes Keep-Alive timeout=2, max=499 Content-Length 2923 Expires Wed, 17 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT
GET H/1.1	200 OK	li_h.gif update.itwcw.cz/web/images/	1 KB 2 KB	100ms 82ms	Image image/gif	46.28.105.9 WEDOS
General Check archive.org Show headers Download Go to Show image Full URL http://update.itwcw.cz/web/images/li_h.gif Requested by Host: update.itwcw.cz URL: http://update.itwcw.cz/web/css/main.css Protocol HTTP/1.1 Server 46.28.105.9 Hluboka nad Vltavou, Czech Republic, ASN197019 (WEDOS, CZ), Reverse DNS wl11-f13.wedos.net Software Apache / Resource Hash `57d76bead051faee3dd20f6ae45ce605052f121bc690c6d2d250e47449c56421` Request headers Referer http://update.itwcw.cz/web/css/main.css User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36 Response headers Date Wed, 10 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT Last-Modified Tue, 06 Nov 2012 09:34:01 GMT Server Apache ETag "4f3-4cdd04d52b440" Upgrade h2,h2c Cache-Control max-age=604800 Connection Upgrade, Keep-Alive Accept-Ranges bytes Content-Type image/gif Keep-Alive timeout=2, max=500 Content-Length 1267 Expires Wed, 17 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT
GET H/1.1	200 OK	li.gif update.itwcw.cz/web/images/	1 KB 2 KB	50ms 49ms	Image image/gif	46.28.105.9 WEDOS
General Check archive.org Show headers Download Go to Show image Full URL http://update.itwcw.cz/web/images/li.gif Requested by Host: update.itwcw.cz URL: http://update.itwcw.cz/web/css/main.css Protocol HTTP/1.1 Server 46.28.105.9 Hluboka nad Vltavou, Czech Republic, ASN197019 (WEDOS, CZ), Reverse DNS wl11-f13.wedos.net Software Apache / Resource Hash `8e07b8ffcc83896540ba10600e157c724fb0b3d542e0296994160088c8317a08` Request headers Referer http://update.itwcw.cz/web/css/main.css User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36 Response headers Date Wed, 10 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT Last-Modified Tue, 06 Nov 2012 09:34:00 GMT Server Apache ETag "4f3-4cdd04d437200" Content-Type image/gif Cache-Control max-age=604800 Connection Keep-Alive Accept-Ranges bytes Keep-Alive timeout=2, max=498 Content-Length 1267 Expires Wed, 17 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT
GET H/1.1	200 OK	separator2.gif update.itwcw.cz/web/images/	1 KB 2 KB	53ms 53ms	Image image/gif	46.28.105.9 WEDOS
General Check archive.org Show headers Download Go to Show image Full URL http://update.itwcw.cz/web/images/separator2.gif Requested by Host: update.itwcw.cz URL: http://update.itwcw.cz/web/css/main.css Protocol HTTP/1.1 Server 46.28.105.9 Hluboka nad Vltavou, Czech Republic, ASN197019 (WEDOS, CZ), Reverse DNS wl11-f13.wedos.net Software Apache / Resource Hash `b0221044b7226e0f2e86c53e3f00a7f2dd5274239eebdb9fc7916cad3e33ee69` Request headers Referer http://update.itwcw.cz/web/css/main.css User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36 Response headers Date Wed, 10 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT Last-Modified Tue, 06 Nov 2012 09:34:01 GMT Server Apache ETag "4ad-4cdd04d52b440" Content-Type image/gif Cache-Control max-age=604800 Connection Keep-Alive Accept-Ranges bytes Keep-Alive timeout=2, max=498 Content-Length 1197 Expires Wed, 17 Feb 2021 05:45:20 GMT

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

5 JavaScript Global Variables

These are the non-standard "global" variables defined on the window object. These can be helpful in identifying possible client-side frameworks and code.

0 Cookies

Cookies are little pieces of information stored in the browser of a user. Whenever a user visits the site again, he will also send his cookie values, thus allowing the website to re-identify him even if he changed locations. This is how permanent logins work.

Indicators

This is a term in the security industry to describe indicators such as IPs, Domains, Hashes, etc. This does not imply that any of these indicate malicious activity.

update.itwcw.cz
46.28.105.9
17c712f9fc0876196cedd82e46e6676022569b74eb115f83ce94a8c8f14b06c6
2bf8bd814266bfaa57519da893f66d5371ad52862372660f83b12f72ffc1d5a7
37527680333ad5d12b0e88439636d7b26990d443f213394ecdd18fb4be1490a9
4145476313a3952006047a3da148f1b5e239066a5ee38840d33d0eb6e0ea1f6f
4baad33be96ed063bc2a8a4d7ad045027772898b0e70e3871b153acba77de512
57d76bead051faee3dd20f6ae45ce605052f121bc690c6d2d250e47449c56421
58b75dd7dc60eca7a95a7b898d2e153f2716cb3acc12798ed906c197e71e0bbd
7bb709829bdd485703698ceb6de26e8be1d869b2480df774b4c3ac45bcabd9cf
8e07b8ffcc83896540ba10600e157c724fb0b3d542e0296994160088c8317a08
8fd75ec78248eda24671beb5e0119773c53f0edf5dd6ad86eafb6efebb8bff3e
a5d3b7d8cd70f990c36b0058120a97a12d7fdd4ac618f515dc64782f07174c7a
b0221044b7226e0f2e86c53e3f00a7f2dd5274239eebdb9fc7916cad3e33ee69
baa1cc1c9e2eb447ea0264d13df8cf79b7cc2470788da86df293b611e45a8b9c

update.itwcw.cz Open in urlscan Pro 46.28.105.9 Public Scan

Summary

urlscan.io Verdict: No classification

Domain & IP information

Screenshot Live screenshot Full Image

Detected technologies

Page Statistics

13 Requests

0 %HTTPS

0 %IPv6

1 Domains

1 Subdomains

1 IPs

1 Countries

58 kBTransfer

112 kBSize

0 Cookies

6 Outgoing links

Redirected requests

13 HTTP transactions Everything HTML Script AJAX CSS Image Expand all 0 data transactions

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Request headers

Response headers

Verdicts & Comments Add Verdict or Comment

5 JavaScript Global Variables

0 Cookies

Indicators

update.itwcw.cz Open in urlscan Pro
46.28.105.9 Public Scan

Screenshot
Live screenshot

Full Image

13
Requests

0 %
HTTPS

0 %
IPv6

1
Domains

1
Subdomains

1
IPs

1
Countries

58 kB
Transfer

112 kB
Size

0
Cookies

13 HTTP transactions
0 data transactions